{"id":10763,"date":"2017-02-20T09:35:27","date_gmt":"2017-02-20T08:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=10763"},"modified":"2021-12-08T01:09:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T00:09:47","slug":"njohuri-te-pergjithshme-per-gjuhen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/njohuri-te-pergjithshme-per-gjuhen\/","title":{"rendered":"NJOHURI T\u00cb P\u00cbRGJITHSHME P\u00cbR GJUH\u00cbN"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>E p\u00ebrgatiti <strong>Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gjuha si fenomen shoq\u00ebror sh\u00ebrben si mjet komunikimi midis njer\u00ebzve. Kjo ka histori t\u00eb lasht\u00eb sa edhe vet\u00eb shoq\u00ebria njer\u00ebzore. Gjat\u00eb shekujsh t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb gjuha si mjet komunikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb folurit. Prandaj gjuha dhe t\u00eb folurit q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb dialektike t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzimit reciprok: pa gjuh\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb folur, sikurse edhe pa t\u00eb folur nuk do t\u00eb kishte gjuh\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb etapa t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb historis\u00eb re t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, njer\u00ebzit fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin shenja t\u00eb ndryshme grafike me karakter simbolik p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me an\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb ta realizojn\u00eb komunikimin pa t\u00eb folur n\u00eb distanca t\u00eb ndryshme kohore e hap\u00ebsinore.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebshtu forma m\u00eb e hershme e komunikimit me shkrim \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb ashtuquajturit shkrim piktografik, i cili njihet para er\u00ebs son\u00eb. N\u00eb shkrimin piktografik vizatimi simbolizonte fjal\u00ebn si em\u00ebrtim t\u00eb objektit.<\/p>\n<p>Mbi baz\u00ebn e shkrimit piktografik m\u00eb von\u00eb lindi shkrimi ideografik. Nga shkrimi ideografik lindi shkrimi hieroglif, t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi e p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn popujt e ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb Azis\u00eb, si kinez\u00ebt, japonez\u00ebt, babilonasit, egjiptasit etj. Shkrimi hieroglif \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur me emrin shkrimi pyk\u00ebsor (kuneiform), t\u00eb cilin e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur egjiptasit e vjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<p>Rezultatin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb shkrimit, bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb edhe t\u00eb dijes njer\u00ebzore, njer\u00ebzimi e arriti me zbulimin e shkrimit fonetik. K\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim s\u00eb pari e zbuluan fenikasit e vjet\u00ebr, duke sh\u00ebnuar \u00e7do tingull bashk\u00ebting\u00ebllor me nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb grafike. Ky shkrim q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjall\u00eb edhe sot n\u00eb Qipro e Kret\u00eb-njihet me emrin shkrim rrokjesor (silabik). Grek\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr k\u00ebtij shkrimi ia shtuan edhe tingujt zanor\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebt\u00eb lloj sistemi shkrimor m\u00eb von\u00eb e p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuan edhe romak\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiluar sistemin e tyre grafik, q\u00eb njihet me emrin alfabeti latin. Ky alfabet u b\u00eb baz\u00eb e alfabeteve t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs d\u00ebrmuese t\u00eb popujve jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. K\u00ebt\u00eb lloj shkrimi e p\u00ebrdorim edhe ne, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar gjuh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebn shqipe.<\/p>\n<p>Zbulimi dhe zhvillimi i shkrimit, s\u00eb pari nga grek\u00ebt, e pastaj edhe nga romak\u00ebt, i hapi horizonte t\u00eb pakufishme mendjes dhe natyr\u00ebs krijuese t\u00eb qenies njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SHTRIRJA E GJUH\u00cbS SHQIPE N\u00cb BALLKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gjuha shqipe sot flitet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, N\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb Jugper\u00ebndimore, n\u00eb Serbin\u00eb Jugore, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe n\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri.<\/p>\n<p>Shqipja, pra flitet ne pjes\u00ebn jugper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Ballkanit,aty ku kryq\u00ebzohen rrug\u00ebt q\u00eb e lidhin Lindjen me Per\u00ebndimimin, pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb at\u00eb rajon ku ka qen\u00eb djepi i qytet\u00ebrimit antik evropian.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu shqipja flitet edhe n\u00eb diaspor\u00eb (n\u00eb Itali, n\u00eb Greqi, n\u00eb Bullgari, n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb) edhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb kontinentit ton\u00eb e m\u00eb gjer\u00eb, n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, Turqi, Australi etj.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gjuha shqipe &#8211; gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e viteve 6500-5500 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb popullsit\u00eb q\u00eb e flisnin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin tip gjuhe<br \/>\nemigruan val\u00eb-val\u00eb n\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn dhe n\u00eb Indi, prej nga edhe vjen emri i k\u00ebsaj familjeje gjuh\u00ebsh t\u00eb quqjtura m\u00eb von\u00eb gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane.<\/p>\n<p>Gjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane q\u00eb fliten n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb jan\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt romane (italishtja, frengjishtja, spanjolishtja);<br \/>\ngjuh\u00ebt gjermanike (gjermanishtja, anglishtja, norvegjishtja);<br \/>\ngjuh\u00ebt sllave (rusishtja, polonishtja, serbishtja etj.);<br \/>\ngjuh\u00ebt baltike (lituanishtja, letonishtja etj.);<br \/>\ngjuha kelte (Irland e Skoci);<br \/>\ngreqishtja, shqipja etj.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Historia e zhvillimit t\u00eb shqipes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb vitin 168 para er\u00ebs son\u00eb, Iliria u pushtua nga romak\u00ebt. N\u00eb shekullin VII t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb u pushtua nga sllavet; n\u00eb shekullin XV-Shqip\u00ebria u pushtua nga turqit e ky sundim zgjati gjer n\u00eb vitin 1912.<\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb pushtimi, gjuha dhe kultura shqiptare kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikimin e gjuh\u00ebs e kultur\u00ebs latine, greke-bizantine, sllave e turke.<br \/>\nN\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe gjenden fjal\u00eb me origjin\u00eb nga greqishtja e vjet\u00ebr, greqishtja bizantine, sllavishtja e turqishtja.<\/p>\n<p>Nga greqishtja e vjet\u00ebr kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb fjal\u00ebt,si:drap\u00ebr, lak\u00ebr, qershi, shpell\u00eb etj;<br \/>\nnga latinishtja: ar\u00eb, kal\u00eb, mbret, furk\u00eb, ungj etj;<br \/>\nnga greqishtja bizantine: ikon\u00eb, manastir, fis, kallogjer etj;<br \/>\nnga sllavishtja: gjob\u00eb, lopat\u00eb, opinge, pushk\u00eb, rob, si dhe toponime: Berat(bel-grad), Dropull (Drino-polje) Velipoje (velika-polje), Zadrime (Za-Drin),Zagori(Za-gora) etj;<br \/>\nnga turqishtja: tepsi, bah\u00e7e, oxhak, sob\u00eb, jastek, pazar, ila\u00e7 etj.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se shqipja ka pasur ndikime nga gjuh\u00ebt e huaja, sidomos n\u00eb leksik, por k\u00ebto huazime i ka p\u00ebrshtat\u00eb sipas modelit t\u00eb vet. K\u00ebshtu fjal\u00ebt e greqishtes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr i ka veshur me petkun e saj:<br \/>\ndrapanon-drap\u00ebr, kerasia-qershi, spileon-shpell\u00eb etj.<br \/>\nnga latinishtja:arvum-are,imperatorum-mbret etj.;<br \/>\nnga sllavishtja: gllob-gjob\u00eb, opanak-opin\u00ebe, ravnica-rrafsh etj.<\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs q\u00eb vendi yn\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn sundimet e huaja, kultura e gjuha ishin n\u00ebn ndikimin e atyre gjuh\u00ebve. Gjuha shqipe i ka ruajtur tiparet themelore si gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, popullsia e territoreve t\u00eb populluara nga fiset ilire quhej Albanoi dhe vendi Albanon, prej nga ka dal\u00eb forma popullore Arbnesh ose Arb\u00ebresh.<\/p>\n<p>Emrat e sot\u00ebm Shqip\u00ebri dhe shqiptar, shqip jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb shek.XII.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Gjuha si fenomen shoq\u00ebror sh\u00ebrben si mjet komunikimi midis njer\u00ebzve. Kjo ka histori t\u00eb lasht\u00eb sa edhe vet\u00eb shoq\u00ebria njer\u00ebzore. Gjat\u00eb shekujsh t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb gjuha si mjet komunikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb folurit. Prandaj gjuha dhe t\u00eb folurit q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb dialektike t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzimit reciprok: pa gjuh\u00eb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NJOHURI T\u00cb P\u00cbRGJITHSHME P\u00cbR GJUH\u00cbN - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/njohuri-te-pergjithshme-per-gjuhen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NJOHURI T\u00cb P\u00cbRGJITHSHME P\u00cbR GJUH\u00cbN - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Gjuha si fenomen shoq\u00ebror sh\u00ebrben si mjet komunikimi midis njer\u00ebzve. Kjo ka histori t\u00eb lasht\u00eb sa edhe vet\u00eb shoq\u00ebria njer\u00ebzore. Gjat\u00eb shekujsh t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb gjuha si mjet komunikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb folurit. 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