{"id":12363,"date":"2017-05-19T07:40:10","date_gmt":"2017-05-19T06:40:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=12363"},"modified":"2018-02-08T20:47:31","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T19:47:31","slug":"kunderinteligjenca-teori-dhe-praktike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kunderinteligjenca-teori-dhe-praktike\/","title":{"rendered":"KUND\u00cbRINTELIGJENCA, TEORI DHE PRAKTIK\u00cb"},"content":{"rendered":"

– HANK PRUNCKUN<\/strong> (P\u00ebrmbledhje<\/em>)<\/p>\n

“Ashtu si\u00e7 mburoja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja praktike p\u00ebr shtiz\u00ebn, ashtu edhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenca \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebn<\/em>” —\u00a0Frank Santi Russel<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ky lib\u00ebr synon t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb manual p\u00ebr student\u00ebt q\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00ea mbi kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn, teorikisht e praktikisht.
\nLibri fillon me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsim t\u00eb termit “inteligjenc\u00eb”. Inteligjenca mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb kat\u00ebr kontekste:
\n1. Aksione ose procese q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar dije;
\n2. Trupi i dijes i prodhuar si rezultat i procesimit;
\n3. Organizatat q\u00eb merren me dijen (p.sh. agjencit\u00eb e inteligjenc\u00ebs)
\n4. Raportet q\u00eb jan\u00eb rezultati final t\u00eb procesit ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb prodhuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e pap\u00ebrpunuara nuk mund t\u00eb quhen inteligjenc\u00eb; inteligjenca \u00ebsht\u00eb informacioni i p\u00ebrpunuar, q\u00eb u jepet faktor\u00ebve vendimmarr\u00ebs. Sidoqoft\u00eb, termi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb dije. N\u00eb pun\u00ebn e inteligjenc\u00ebs, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar pasakt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb panjohurin.<\/p>\n

Inteligjenca ka kat\u00ebr funksione kryesore: spiunazhi<\/em>, v\u00ebzhgimi<\/em>, hulumtimi<\/em> dhe analiza<\/em>. Spiunazhi dhe v\u00ebzhgimi mb\u00ebshtesin hulumtimin dhe analiz\u00ebn. Nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb trija kuadrat\u00ebt mb\u00ebshtesin nj\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt, operacionet e mbuluara (cover operations<\/em>). Kund\u00ebrinteligjenca \u00ebsht\u00eb guri ky\u00e7, q\u00eb lidh t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij mozaiku bashk\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha funksionet.<\/p>\n

Ashtu si\u00e7 anatomia humane p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga disa pjesa, edhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenca ka funksione t\u00eb ndryshme: kund\u00ebrinteligjenca<\/em> dhe kund\u00ebrspiunazhi<\/em>.
\nKund\u00ebrinteligjenca p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga p\u00ebrmbajtja e detektimi. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb funksion i fokusuar n\u00eb siguri, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb siguri. Sidoqoft\u00eb, siguria ka funksion defanziv n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr e kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs. Pra, shtyrja e kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb nj\u00eb agjenci ose klientin e saj nga infiltrimi prej nj\u00eb armiku, ta mbroj\u00eb kund\u00ebr rrjedhjes s\u00eb paautorizuar t\u00eb informacioneve, dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta instalacionet e saj dhe materialin kund\u00ebr spiunazhit, subversionit, sabotazhit dhe terrorizmit apo veprave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb motivuara politikisht.<\/p>\n

Edhe pse nuk ka nj\u00eb linj\u00eb ndar\u00ebse t\u00eb qart\u00eb midis inteligjenc\u00ebs dhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb vizatohet nj\u00eb vij\u00eb e holl\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb se informacioni i zbuluar gjat\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs lidhur me p\u00ebrpjekjet e armikut, p\u00ebr t\u00eb penetruar agjencin\u00eb e vet ose partner\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ushqej\u00eb ana e inteligjenc\u00ebs; duke zbuluar nj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb armikut boshatiset gjithashtu n\u00ebnvizimin e aft\u00ebsive dhe q\u00ebllimeve t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

Kund\u00ebrspiunazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb detektim, mashtrim dhe neutralizim e efikasitetit t\u00eb aktiviteteve t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtari. N\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe, kund\u00ebrspiunazhi prezatohet si nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb spiunazhit – mbledhja e informacioneve p\u00ebrmes, t\u00eb themi, nj\u00eb rrjeti agjent\u00ebsh. Ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb, por kund\u00ebrspiunazhi ka dallim n\u00eb marrjen e informacioneve jo prej nj\u00eb qeverie t\u00eb nj\u00eb kombi apo prej nj\u00eb ushtrie t\u00eb nj\u00eb kombi tjet\u00ebr, por prej nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi t\u00eb nj\u00eb kombi tjet\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshtar. N\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra, kund\u00ebrspiunazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn, por dallojn\u00eb n\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb tjera. Kund\u00ebrinteligjenca mund t\u00eb shihet si an\u00eb defensive e zanatit, kurse kund\u00ebrspiunazhi mund t\u00eb shihet si an\u00eb ofensive. Asnj\u00eb agjenci nuk mund ta ket\u00eb t\u00eb fundin pa t\u00eb par\u00ebn…!<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb inteligjenca klasifikohet n\u00eb tri kategori – operacionale<\/em>, taktike<\/em> dhe strategjike<\/em>, kategorit\u00eb taksonomike t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs jan\u00eb defensive dhe ofensive. Korpusi i Marinsave t\u00eb SHBA-ve prezanton nj\u00eb taksonomi t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vijave t\u00eb: [1] operacione<\/em>; [2] hetime<\/em>; [3] mbledhje dhe raportim<\/em>; dhe [4] analiz\u00eb<\/em>, prodhim dhe shp\u00ebrndarje<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, duke par\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn sipas dy kategorive t\u00eb prezantuara n\u00eb lib\u00ebr – defensive dhe ofensive – shohim se kund\u00ebrinteligjenca defensive p\u00ebrmbledh s\u00eb bashku ato aktivitete q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje dhe detektim, kurse kund\u00ebrinteligjenca ofensive \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga ato aktivitete q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb detektim, mashtrim dhe neutralizim. Arsyeja pse detektimi p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb t\u00eb dy kategorit\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rolit q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar informacionin, duke leht\u00ebsuar fshehjen e atij informacioni, si dhe “gjuajtja” e atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb thyer kontrollet n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin kund\u00ebrshtar.<\/p>\n

Autori analizon edhe kat\u00ebr tipet madhore t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs:
\n– t\u00eb siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare;
\n– t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb;
\n– t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcimit t\u00eb ligjit;
\n– t\u00eb biznesit, dhe
\n– private.<\/p>\n

Teoria e kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roli i kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs u keqkuptua sepse nuk ekziston nj\u00eb teori e artikuluar formalisht p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn, q\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebzoj\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. Praktikuesit jan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuluar \u00e7ka b\u00ebjn\u00eb dhe si b\u00ebjn\u00eb, duke u bazuar n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn e tyre, e jo duke kuptuar parimet teorike. Edhe pse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e gabuar nj\u00eb qasje e bazuar n\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri, kjo e b\u00ebn praktik\u00ebn m\u00eb pak efikase dhe, si rrjedhoj\u00eb, m\u00eb pak efektive.<\/p>\n

Fsheht\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb objektivi kryesor i kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs. Johnson deklaroi: “Kund\u00ebrinteligjenca synohet kund\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebs aktive, armiq\u00ebsore, kund\u00ebr spiun\u00ebve armiq<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Arseyja p\u00ebr zhvillimin e nj\u00eb teorie t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tri p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuluar nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs ishin ato t\u00eb John Ehrman, Miron Varouhaskis dhe Vincent Bridgeman. Trajtimi i Ehrmanit nuk ka rezultuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb teori, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb ese mbi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e zhvillimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb teorie, sepse “themelimi i nj\u00eb pun\u00eb teorike ka mbetur e paplot\u00eb”. Trajtimi i Varouhaskis ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb “sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs oficer\u00ebt e kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb fund t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar, shpjefuar dhe parashikuar inteligjenc\u00ebn, si dhe sjelljen e n\u00ebpun\u00ebsve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre agjencive<\/em>“, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera ishte nj\u00eb shqyrtim t\u00eb sjelljes organizacionale n\u00eb fokus. Trajtimi i Bridgemanit b\u00ebn nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje m\u00eb t\u00eb strukturuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb teori, rreth asaj q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrshkruan si tri zona t\u00eb l\u00ebverdis\u00eb – mohim, dep\u00ebrtim dhe manipulim. Sidoqoft\u00eb, edhe kjo mund t\u00eb argumentohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teori m\u00eb pak gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, duke t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen p\u00ebr kufizimet e k\u00ebtyre shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve, nuk hiqet r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre; ata jan\u00eb studime t\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie jetike dhe kontributi i tyre n\u00eb literatur\u00eb duhet t\u00eb brohoritet. Por, autori thekson nevoj\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb teorie e strukturuar shkencore t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs,<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrcaktimi i kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka shum\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktime mbi \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenca, por Johnson afrohet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim universal: “nj\u00eb aktivitet q\u00eb synon t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb programin e inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb agjencie nga nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim inteligjent kund\u00ebrshtar<\/em>“. Termi “agjenci” mund t\u00eb kishte dometh\u00ebnien e \u00e7do organizate apo edhe nj\u00eb shtet komb. Termi “kund\u00ebrshtar” mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr \u00e7do person ose grup (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet-komb) me q\u00ebllime armiq\u00ebsore. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb aplikohet barazisht p\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb prek sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, ushtrin\u00eb, p\u00ebrforcimin e ligjit ose edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e biznesit dhe private.<\/p>\n

Teoria e bazuar<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e saj, teoria e kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs deklaron se ka kat\u00ebr (4) parime: t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb<\/em>, detektoj\u00eb<\/em>, t\u00eb mashtroj\u00eb<\/em> dhe neutralizoj\u00eb<\/em> p\u00ebrpjekjet e kund\u00ebrshtarit p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb informacione, pa marr\u00eb parasysh pse k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb mbledhur – p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00eb<\/em>, subversion<\/em>, sabotazh<\/em>, terroriz\u00ebm<\/em>, proliferim<\/em> i armatimit ose lev\u00ebrdi garuese.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto kat\u00ebr parime kan\u00eb dy forca – mbrojtja pasive dhe mbrojtja ofensive ose, th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, kund\u00ebrinteligjenca defensive dhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenca ofensive. Kund\u00ebrinteligjenca defensive p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga parimet e p\u00ebrmbajtjes dhe detektimit, kurse kund\u00ebrinteligjenca ofensive p\u00ebrfshin parimet e mashtrimit dhe neutralizimit. Kund\u00ebrinteligjenca ofensive, deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb grad, ndan parimin e detektimit me kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn defensive.<\/p>\n

Ka tri aksiome thelbsore p\u00ebr zhvillimin e teoris\u00eb.<\/em>
\n1. Aksioma e Befasis\u00eb<\/strong>: aksioma e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se q\u00ebllimi i kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet funksionet e tjera t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs, ashtu q\u00eb k\u00ebto funksione t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb befasin\u00eb operacionale. Dhe e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes vendosjes dhe mbajtjes s\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

2. Aksioma e mbledhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave<\/strong>: Aksioma e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se kund\u00ebrshtari do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb mjete t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi operacionet e nj\u00eb agjencie. Nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar q\u00eb nuk ka q\u00ebllim t\u00eb mbledh t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi nj\u00eb agjenci, vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij fakti, nuk e ka nj\u00eb program t\u00eb kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebs. Kjo aksiom\u00eb merr n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb se mjetet t\u00eb v\u00ebna n\u00eb veprim prej nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtari do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha qasjet n\u00eb dispozicion – etike dhe joetike, legale dhe ilegale.<\/p>\n

3. Aksioma e Sh\u00ebnjimit<\/strong>: Nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar do e drejtoj\u00eb mbledhjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave drejt p\u00ebrfitimit t\u00eb informacioneve, q\u00eb do t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb agjenci se si operon (si dhe entitetet q\u00eb agjencia sh\u00ebrben t’i mbroj\u00eb). Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnjestra e operacioneve armiq\u00ebsore t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb informacioneve mbi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb do t\u00eb ekspozoj\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e nj\u00eb agjencie, sfer\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb operacioneve dhe ndikimit, aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj dhe q\u00ebllimet e saj t\u00eb ardhshme. M\u00eb shum\u00eb do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjoj\u00eb faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb operacionet e agjencis\u00eb si dhe dob\u00ebsit\u00eb administrative, menaxheriale dhe funksionale.<\/p>\n

D\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebr publikim, Alban Bardhyli<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

– HANK PRUNCKUN (P\u00ebrmbledhje) “Ashtu si\u00e7 mburoja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja praktike p\u00ebr shtiz\u00ebn, ashtu edhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenca \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebn” —\u00a0Frank Santi Russel Ky lib\u00ebr synon t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb manual p\u00ebr student\u00ebt q\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00ea mbi kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn, teorikisht e praktikisht. Libri fillon me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsim t\u00eb termit “inteligjenc\u00eb”. Inteligjenca mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb kat\u00ebr kontekste: 1. Aksione ose […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nKUND\u00cbRINTELIGJENCA, TEORI DHE PRAKTIK\u00cb - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kunderinteligjenca-teori-dhe-praktike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KUND\u00cbRINTELIGJENCA, TEORI DHE PRAKTIK\u00cb - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"– HANK PRUNCKUN (P\u00ebrmbledhje) “Ashtu si\u00e7 mburoja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigja praktike p\u00ebr shtiz\u00ebn, ashtu edhe kund\u00ebrinteligjenca \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebn” —\u00a0Frank Santi Russel Ky lib\u00ebr synon t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb manual p\u00ebr student\u00ebt q\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00ea mbi kund\u00ebrinteligjenc\u00ebn, teorikisht e praktikisht. Libri fillon me nj\u00eb sakt\u00ebsim t\u00eb termit “inteligjenc\u00eb”. Inteligjenca mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb kat\u00ebr kontekste: 1. 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