{"id":14166,"date":"2017-08-03T08:38:39","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T07:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=14166"},"modified":"2017-11-06T00:43:59","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T00:43:59","slug":"paleolitiku-i-pare-dhe-evoluimi-i-njeriut-neper-evrope-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/paleolitiku-i-pare-dhe-evoluimi-i-njeriut-neper-evrope-i\/","title":{"rendered":"PALEOLITIKU I PAR\u00cb DHE EVOLUIMI I NJERIUT N\u00cbP\u00cbR EVROP\u00cb (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Njeriu i Gadishullit Ilirik apo Ballkanit-n\u00eb parahistorin\u00eb e par\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Brahim Ibish AVDYLI<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

(Nga mediat elektronike dhe veprat<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Mynihut mendojn\u00eb se miliona vite p.e.s., nj\u00eb ngjarrje e rrall\u00eb kozmike e shp\u00ebrthimit yjor, ka ndikuar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb planetin ton\u00eb, ku jan\u00eb zhvilluar ndri\u00e7ime t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb planet, duke shk\u00eblqyer pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr dhe pas disa jav\u00ebve apo muajve ndri\u00e7imi \u00ebsht\u00eb venitur. Ky shp\u00ebrthim yjor l\u00ebshon kaq shum\u00eb energji t\u00eb rrezatimit, sa Diellit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb yll i vog\u00ebl pran\u00eb tok\u00ebs, do t`i duheshin 10 miliard\u00eb vjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uar<\/strong>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Konsiderohet se k\u00ebshtu ndryshoi klim\u00ebn e planetit ton\u00eb. M\u00eb e mira klim\u00eb se sa n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrethe t\u00eb ekuadorit n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb u krijua n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb saj, por konsiderohet se \u201cn\u00eb Afrik\u00eb kishte jet\u00eb\u201d, edhe pse atje klima ndryshoi e ishte m\u00eb pran\u00eb ekuatorit; u krijuan savan\u00ebt e sahara, etj.; dhe ndryshimet e klim\u00ebs soll\u00ebn ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb zon\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"\"Tyrannosaurus rex-nj\u00eb nga llojet e dinosaur\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dinosaur\u00ebt kan\u00eb vdekur 65 milion vjet\u00eb p.e.s. Zhdukja e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje e madhe. Ajo ka mbetur e paqart\u00ebsuar. Jan\u00eb zhdukur n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dinosaur\u00ebt, e ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkat\u00ebrim i p\u00ebrmasave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Kjo gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb enigm\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e tep\u00ebr t\u00eb pabesueshme p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit.
\nKa disa hipoteza p\u00ebr zhdukjen e tyre dhe hipoteza me e af\u00ebrm te njeriu na del hipoteza q\u00eb planetin ton\u00eb e kan\u00eb goditur meteorid\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb shkaktuar vdekjen masive t\u00eb dinosaur\u00ebve. Dinosaur\u00ebt e pat\u00ebn banuar t\u00ebr\u00eb planet\u00ebn ton\u00eb rreth 165 miliona vite p.e.s. Rruga e ardhjes n\u00ebp\u00ebr tok\u00eb prej Amerik\u00ebs n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb, sikur at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk ishte e ndar\u00eb me uj t\u00ebr\u00eb toka n\u00eb planet\u00eb dhe ishte si nj\u00eb \u201cSuperkontinent\u201d, q\u00eb e quajn\u00eb \u201dPang\u00e4a\u201d, por mbetet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn kaq t\u00eb lasht\u00eb2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Sipas disa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve paleolog\u00eb, nj\u00eb gjalles\u00eb prej tyre, raptor\u00ebt, kan\u00eb disponuar metoda sociale n\u00eb mes tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos i kuptuar gjallesat e tjera mishngr\u00ebn\u00ebse dhe p\u00ebr dominimin e t\u00ebr\u00eb rruzullit tok\u00ebsor. Por, fati e deshi q\u00eb edhe ata u zhduk\u00ebn. Ka disa hipoteza p\u00ebr zhdukjen e tyre, t\u00eb cilat quhen \u201cteori\u201d, por hipoteza duhet 3 her\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetohet, e pastaj mund t\u00eb quhet teori. Disa e quajn\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimin e tyre \u201cfatlumi<\/em>\u201d, e disa \u201csupernova<\/em>\u201d3<\/sup>. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm vija e ndarjes, ku kafsh\u00ebt u shkat\u00ebrruan dhe njer\u00ebzit e filluan rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre. K\u00ebshtu filluan goditjet e fuqishme e disa meteorit\u00ebve e deri te shp\u00ebrthimet e shumta t\u00eb vullkaneve, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. Vullkan\u00ebt e kan\u00eb pasur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn ar\u00ebsye, goditjet, por edhe shp\u00ebrthimin nga toka…<\/p>\n

\"\"Zjarri i njeriut gjat\u00eb evolucionit t\u00eb tij<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, po nisemi nga krijimi i njerit t\u00eb par\u00eb, pra origjin\u00ebn e njeriut. Po t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb origjin\u00ebn e njeriut t\u00eb par\u00eb, ose duhet t\u00eb biem pr\u00e9 (ithar) i feve dhe i tregimeve fetare, q\u00eb konsiderohet se fillojn\u00eb me gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, e t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vona4<\/sup>. Librat e feve jan\u00eb tregime t\u00eb pabesueshme, sa i p\u00ebrket origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb njeriut, dhe duhet t`i besojm\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs, m\u00eb par\u00eb se feve. Kur t`i besojm\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs, e kemi evoluimin e njeriut nga majmuni, nj\u00ebrin nga k\u00ebta Charles Darwinin me teorin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb evolucionit. Dhe, nuk po ndalemi n\u00eb teori, por vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb: t\u00eb gjitha gjallesat e gjalla i jan\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar seleksionit t\u00eb tyre natyror<\/strong>5<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb autor\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs i fillojn\u00eb shkrimet me majmunin. K\u00ebshtu paleolitiku<\/strong> (pra, parahistoria e bot\u00ebs s\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb) bazohet n\u00eb shkrimet e tyre prej gjenez\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe pjesa d\u00ebrmuese e tyre jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb hipoteza p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kaq t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, se sa jan\u00eb teori. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi fillojn\u00eb prej Afrik\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kontinenti m\u00eb i nxeht\u00eb, se sa prej kontineteve t\u00eb tjera. Ato bazohen n\u00ebp\u00ebr disa prova t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre e mendimi im \u00ebsht\u00eb se bazohen n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb provave t\u00eb diskutueshme. Aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb k\u00ebto prova q\u00eb t\u00eb shtohen, ka aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb diskutimit…<\/p>\n

\"\"Si \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar njeriu – nga gjeneza e vjet\u00ebr – marr\u00eb nga Wipikedia.org<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Por, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb thot\u00eb sipas Wikipedia Org, histori gjenealogjike\/prejardhje e njeriut? Gjenealogjia e njeriut fillon nga prejardhja e njeriut t\u00eb par\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e marrin si evolucion dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt pas tij q\u00eb cil\u00ebsohen si pasardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Evolucioni i njeriut filloi n\u00eb opinionin e sot\u00ebm me ndarjen e paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb fundit dhe shimpanzat nga popullsia e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb, ka vet\u00ebm hipoteza. Cila nga k\u00ebto dy n\u00ebnpopullata ka qen\u00eb, n\u00ebse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e sakte, kan\u00eb rrjedhur prej tyre njer\u00ebzit e par\u00eb, dhe jan\u00eb quajtur Hominini.<\/p>\n

Kjo hipotez\u00eb me koh\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb teori. Homininae rredh prej k\u00ebtyre dy n\u00ebnpopullatave, Pongo dhe Gorilla, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb Paninin e prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ka lindur Hominini<\/strong> dhe Homo<\/strong>6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Teoria e shp\u00ebrthimeve t\u00eb meteorit\u00ebve mbi planet\u00ebn ton\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Historia e suksesit t\u00eb njeriut ka filluar gati shtat\u00eb milion vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Stefan Greschik, n\u00eb historin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb evolucionit t\u00eb njeriut, dhe e l\u00eb njeriun \u201cn\u00eb Afrik\u00eb\u201d, i cili e ka populluar t\u00ebr\u00eb rruzullin tok\u00ebsor7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb fosileve t\u00eb ruajtura mir\u00eb nga rajonet e ndryshme t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs, Azis\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs, i ka zgjeruar t\u00eb gjitha njohurit\u00eb e nj\u00ebriut n\u00eb lidhje me paraardh\u00ebsit e tij, por nuk d\u00ebrgoi n\u00eb asnj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje n\u00eb lidhje me jet\u00ebn dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebto zona. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar edhe nga fakti se n\u00ebnrendimi sistematik i disa gjetjeve nj\u00ebshe si dhe lidhja me disa pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs gjini, i ka l\u00ebn\u00eb disa paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit sistem me speciet e tjera prehistorike \u201ct\u00eb diskutueshme\u201d, sepse hulumtimi u zhvendos “n\u00eb kufi apo edhe m\u00eb tej pun\u00ebn analitike t\u00eb materialit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe metodave n\u00eb dispozicion<\/em>.8<\/sup>” Pra, k\u00ebto hallka kan\u00eb mbetur pa lidhje t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb…<\/p>\n

Shtat\u00eb milion\u00eb q\u00eb ka filluar jet\u00ebn e tij njeriu i par\u00eb e tre e gjysm\u00eb miliardi vjet\u00ebsh, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Britta Pawlak. Jeta ka filluar n\u00eb bot\u00eb, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb qelizor\u00ebve, e shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb ka ardhur deri te bim\u00ebt dhe kurrizor\u00ebt. Para-ardh\u00ebsit e hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Homos kan\u00eb rrjedhur prej mbet\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Kafsh\u00ebt e egra p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim p\u00ebr paranjeriun dhe e b\u00ebnin vendin e jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb pamundur. K\u00ebshtu, ai gradualisht, prej njeriut primitiv, i ka zhvilluar edhe mjetet dhe strategjit\u00eb e gjuetis\u00eb dhe ka filluar n\u00eb shum\u00eb fusha p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gj\u00ebrat e natyr\u00ebs n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb tij. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb parat q\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet p\u00ebr njeriun e par\u00eb, pra paranjeriun, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb gjysm\u00eb-kafsh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj i dinosaur\u00ebve nga Aathal-i i Zvicr\u00ebs-n\u00eb Rapperswil<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tipar i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb e dallon njeriun nga gjitari, \u00ebsht\u00eb ai duke ecur n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb. Kjo e ka avantazhin e t\u00eb pasurit duart e tij \u201ct\u00eb lira\u201d, q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb ato p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera, q\u00eb i duhen. Vet\u00ebm majmun\u00ebt jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar dhe ecur drejt\u00eb, si njeriu. Njeriu mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me duart e tij nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb t\u00eb aktiviteteve motorike, si veprimtari. Njer\u00ebzit e par\u00eb, fillestar\u00ebt, paranjeriu, jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura m\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha vetit\u00eb e kafsh\u00ebve, qoft\u00eb edhe me njer\u00ebzit. Sot hulumtuesit jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajtuar n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se njeriu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i zbritur nga majmuni. Njer\u00ebzit dhe majmun\u00ebt i kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit paraardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Kjo gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr e diskutueshme. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet hulumtimeve dhe krahasimeve gjenetike, \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur se disa majmun\u00eb kan\u00eb disa ngjajshm\u00ebri me vetit\u00eb tona dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur pak m\u00eb \u201cngusht\u00eb\u201d me ne, si\u00e7 ishte supozuar k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, por nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira nj\u00ebanshm\u00ebrisht n\u00eb termin “Hominid” (Njeri), sepse njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb modern, sikur Homo Sapiens. T\u00eb gjitha llojet paraprake t\u00eb njeriut, duke i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb shimpanzat dhe gorillat n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup, nuk i kan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vetit\u00eb paraprake me paraardh\u00ebsit e denj\u00eb t\u00eb njeriut. Paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb jan\u00eb zhdukur9<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Njeriu Neanderthaler – me rroba nga l\u00ebkura e kafsh\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evolucioni \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi i nj\u00eb organizmi gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn karakteristikat e trash\u00ebguara gradualisht ndryshojn\u00eb prej paranjeriut deri n\u00eb Homo habilis dhe Homo erektus. Tani besohet se mish\u00ebrimi filloi rreth shtat\u00eb deri n\u00eb pes\u00eb milion vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Paraardh\u00ebsit e Homos dhe shimpanzat, q\u00eb jan\u00eb kush\u00ebrinjt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt t\u00eb njeriut nga mbret\u00ebria e kafsh\u00ebve, jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndara nga koha e lindjes dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve (t\u00eb Homos). Ajo q\u00eb e dallon njeriun nga t\u00eb gjitha krijesat e tjera t\u00eb gjalla, \u00ebsht\u00eb truri i tij i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb; i sofistikuar dhe i fuqish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Inteligjenca e tij komplekse ia ka mund\u00ebsuar t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb largpam\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje strategjike t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs. Ai k\u00ebshtu e zbuloi n\u00eb koh\u00ebt parahistorike zjarrin, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb frik\u00eb nga shumica e kafsh\u00ebve dhe njer\u00ebzve, sepse mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u201ci rreziksh\u00ebm\u201d, por i sh\u00ebrben njeriut t\u00eb pjek\u00eb; t\u00eb ziej\u00eb e t\u00eb ngrohet. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera ka zhvilluar me koh\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb veten, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndryshme nga t\u00eb gjitha metodat e komunikimit t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve. Me gjuh\u00eb i shprehin mendimet apo ndjenjat e nd\u00ebrlikuara10<\/sup>. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb banor\u00ebt e k\u00ebsaj toke dikur kishin nj\u00eb paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt-gjuh\u00ebn n\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ne duhet t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb se \u00e7ka jan\u00eb mutacionet. Pjesa e nj\u00eb molekule \u00ebsht\u00eb ADN-si. Njeriu p\u00ebrmban gjenet n\u00eb trup, t\u00eb cilat aty jan\u00eb mbajtur. \u00c7do qenie e gjall\u00eb ka gjene n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat informacioni i tij gjenetik \u00ebsht\u00eb i parap\u00ebrcaktuar, si form\u00eb e trupit dhe sistemet e ngjyrave, p\u00ebr aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb caktuara apo dob\u00ebsit\u00eb, dhe mjaft karakteristika t\u00eb tjera. Gjenet kalojn\u00eb prej nj\u00eb lloji t\u00eb caktuar dhe brenda llojit t\u00eb gjenez\u00ebs s\u00eb vet; ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb; sikurse kalon n\u00eb gjeneratat e ardhshme. Jan\u00eb subjekt q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha speciet e kjo mund t\u00eb shpjegohet me t\u00eb ashtuquajturat “mutacione”. Ky term vjen nga latinishtja “mutatio”, i cili do t\u00eb thot\u00eb “k\u00ebmbim”, \u201cnd\u00ebrrim\u201d ose “ndryshim”.<\/p>\n

\"\"Hipoteza e t\u00ebr\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb bashkuar – Pangea – kur ishte e pandar\u00eb me uj\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb ndryshim, nd\u00ebrrim ose k\u00ebmbim mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb me gjenet e caktuara. Mutacionet gjenetike jan\u00eb nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgim i larg\u00ebt dhe i eksploruar plot\u00ebsisht. Trash\u00ebgimia e mutacionit mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb rast\u00ebsisht, ose t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkaktuar nga disa faktor\u00eb. Modifikimet e tilla gjenetike, n\u00eb disa raste t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb faktin se nj\u00eb qenie e gjall\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ose jo m\u00eb praktike; por ata edhe mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb efekt pozitiv. Dhe, si nj\u00eb lloj i qenieve duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb optimale p\u00ebr vendbanimin q\u00eb e z\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ka karakteristika t\u00eb dobishme q\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb e ka individ\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt humbin nga lloji i vet i qenies. N\u00eb evolucion, mutacionet jan\u00eb parakusht thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm dhe qenia p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, p\u00ebr arritur zhvillimet \u201cm\u00eb t\u00eb larta\u201d t\u00eb tij11<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Kjo ishte gjith\u00ebsesi e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sqarim. Sipas t\u00eb gjitha gjasave, si\u00e7 thon\u00eb hulumtuesit e bot\u00ebs, Homo Astralopithecus jetonte rreth 3,9 deri n\u00eb 3 milion vite p.e.s. n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn Lindore. Pas tij, Homo erectus jetonte po aty dhe Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl 1,8 milion vite e deri n\u00eb 40 000 p.e.s. Homo erectus-i ka patur p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht 1000 centimet\u00ebr kubik trurin e tij t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb gurit. Por, Homo Neanderthaler ishte n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Jugore, t\u00eb Mesme, Lindore e n\u00eb Para-Asi (Turqia Veri-per\u00ebndimore) 270`000 deri 200`000 vite p.e.s.<\/p>\n

\"\"Harta e Evrop\u00ebs me shumic\u00ebn e gjetjeve t\u00eb fosileve t\u00eb Neanderthaler<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb sensacioni i par\u00eb i t\u00ebr\u00eb bot\u00ebs shkencore. Dihet se na mungojn\u00eb zbraz\u00ebtirat e gjetjeve arkeologjike dhe antopologjike. Por, e v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebtu: Homos Neanderthaler ishte njeriu i Evrop\u00ebs dhe jetonte k\u00ebtu 270`000 e 200`000 vite p.e.s. Kur ishte pak m\u00eb ftoht\u00eb Evropa, krahas Homo erectus jetonte Neandethaler, si fqinj i tij. Ai nuk kishte m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se 30% muskuj, si njeriu i sot\u00ebm; kishte 1500 centimet\u00ebr kubik trurin e vet; ka gjuajtur zogjt\u00eb kur fluturonin; ka ndezur zjarrin; i ka varrosur njer\u00ebzit e tij; grat\u00eb i kishin duart m\u00eb t\u00eb forta e zbukuronin qafat me dh\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb dhelprave, rruza fildishi dhe unaza gishti; ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe burrat e stolisnin veten e tyre.<\/p>\n

Ai ishte i qualifikuar nga ekspert\u00ebt me emrin Homo-Njeri. P\u00ebr tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar \u201cnjeriu i ditur i t\u00eb diturve<\/strong>\u201d, pra Homo sapiens sapiens12<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Pra, Neanderthaler ka jetur n\u00eb Evro-Azi dhe ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn e Mesme, t\u00eb Jugut dhe t\u00eb Lindjes, sikuse vin\u00eb edhe gjetjet e tjera prej Turqis\u00eb s\u00eb sotme deri n\u00eb Irakun Lindor dhe pjes\u00ebrisht t\u00eb Azis\u00eb Qendrore, deri n\u00eb Tagjikistan dhe Altai. Mir\u00ebpo ka banuar paralel me Homo erektus dhe Homo sapiens. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkencore \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur Homo neanderthalensis dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb deri n\u00eb krijimin e Homo sapiens sapiens. Pra, n\u00eb vitet 30`000 p.e.s. p\u00ebrfundoi13<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Evolucioni i njeriut t\u00eb par\u00eb deri te Kromajoni
\n– i par\u00eb n\u00eb grafik\u00ebn e marr\u00eb nga Wipikedia.org<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sipas p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb studiusit suedez, Karl Lineu<\/strong>, si\u00e7 na njofton Ali Eltari-Lapi, njeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb futur n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Kafsh\u00ebve; te tipi i Kordat\u00ebve, klasa e Gjitar\u00ebve, rendi i Primat\u00ebve, familja Hominide, specia Homos, gjinia Homo sapiens<\/strong> dhe n\u00ebngjinia Homo sapien sapiens<\/strong>14<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr Paranjeriun, Homo erectus, Neanderthaler dhe Homo sapiens, duhet t`i shikojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha mediat elektronike dhe librat. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb pav\u00ebrtetat dhe diskutimet q\u00eb vin\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr mediat elektonike, mediat e ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr paleontologjin\u00eb, veprat, etj. po e themi nj\u00eb gj\u00eb p\u00ebr Homo Neanderthalen, se nuk ka qen\u00eb e vetme nevoja e zjarrit p\u00ebr zierje, pjekje, por vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr thyerjen e ftoht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe ngohje, sepse Evropa ka pasur nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb, kah mesi e m\u00eb tutje.<\/p>\n

Eshtrat jan\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, Afrik\u00ebn Veriore dhe Azis\u00eb s\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Nga gjetjet e fosileve t\u00eb tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur Lugina Neanderthalerit, q\u00eb ndodhet pran\u00eb Dyzeldorfit15<\/sup>. N\u00ebse i keni lexuar t\u00eb gjitha punimet e mia, e mbani mend se Dyzeldorfin me rrethin\u00ebn e gj\u00ebr\u00eb, deri te tri qytetet, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr miniera dhe g\u00ebrmime, \u00ebsht\u00eb rajoni ku jan\u00eb ngulitur ilir\u00ebt, pra pellazgo-ilir\u00ebt, nga kan\u00eb rrjedhur \u201cjerman\u00ebt\u201d, pra \u201cgjerman\u00ebt\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn kur ka jetuar Neanderthaler, nga nj\u00eb val\u00eb e rr\u00ebmbyeshme t\u00eb t\u00eb ftohtit, si akull (Ice Age), u zhvendos n\u00eb shpella t\u00eb thellla dhe ngrohej nga zjarri. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb i b\u00ebri edhe rrobat nga l\u00ebkurat e kafsh\u00ebve<\/strong>16<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fotografi e varrez\u00ebs n\u00eb form\u00ebn e vez\u00ebs-e gjetur n\u00eb Chirokitia-Khirokitia-n\u00eb Qip\u00ebr<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Un\u00eb nuk pajtohem t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht \u00e7ka shkruan kjo autore, nga shkrimet e tjera p\u00ebr paranjer\u00ebzit, apo nga mjetet e tjera elektonike dhe librat, por po ndalemi pak p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e fundit, Homo sapiens sapiens, i dituri i t\u00eb diturve njer\u00ebz, apo si\u00e7 e titullon kjo autore: Cro-Magnon-Mensch<\/strong>17<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Kur u zhduk Neanderthaler, rreth 30`000 vjet p.e.s. n\u00eb koh\u00ebn lasht\u00eb t\u00eb akullnajave, ka qen\u00eb af\u00ebr zhvillimi i njeriut t\u00eb diturve i ditur, Homo sapiens sapiens, Cro-Magnom-Njeriu, i th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb ndyshe \u201cnjeriu i koh\u00ebs son\u00eb\u201d. Ai kishte me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb shije t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb artistike dhe ndjenja t\u00eb forta fetare. Ishte i ndikuar fort nga njer\u00ebzit dhe nuk ndryshonte nga njer\u00ebzit e sot\u00ebm modern.<\/p>\n

Cro-Magnon-Njeriu quhej k\u00ebshtu prej shpell\u00ebs ku \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Jugore, nga fundi koh\u00ebs s\u00eb akullnajave n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb direkt st\u00ebrgjyshi i jon\u00eb, q\u00eb e kemi titulluar \u201cHomo sapiens sapiens\u201d. Pamja e tij e trupit i ngjan\u00eb njeriut ton\u00eb modern. Trurin e tij e kishte n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb me trurin ton\u00eb. Kishte shije t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb aft\u00ebsi artistike. Gjithashtu jan\u00eb zbuluar shpella t\u00eb shumta me piktuara t\u00eb shumta nga koha e tij. N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, Njeriu Cro-Magnon, apo si\u00e7 e quajn\u00eb disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb Kromanjoni, kishte edhe ndjenja t\u00eb mira fetare. Varret e g\u00ebrmuara p\u00ebr k\u00ebta na sugjerojn\u00eb se t\u00eb vdekurit ishin varrosur solemnisht.<\/p>\n

Kah fundi i Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Akullnajave, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 15.000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, Paleolitiku i hersh\u00ebm, sipas disa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, e cila i z\u00eb vitet 35`000 deri n\u00eb 10`000 vite p.e.s.; e p\u00ebrpara \u00ebsht\u00eb Paleolitiku i mes\u00ebm, prej viteve 120`000 deri n\u00eb 35`000 vite p.e.s., ku jan\u00eb zbuluara gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve n\u00eb Ilirin\u00eb e Jugut<\/strong> (Shqip\u00ebri e sotme<\/em>)18<\/sup>, temperatura u rrit dhe akullnajat filluan t\u00eb shkrihen gradualisht. K\u00ebshtu, edhe jeta n\u00eb vend t\u00eb vetmuar e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb ndryshoi. Ata nd\u00ebrtuan vendbanimet n\u00eb lumenj dhe n\u00eb pyje. Filluan t\u00eb zbutnin qent\u00eb dhe kafsh\u00eb race t\u00eb tilla, si dhi, dele e lop\u00eb. N\u00eb vend se t\u00eb jen\u00eb, si m\u00eb par\u00eb, si gjuetar e mbledh\u00ebs t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave, filluan t\u00eb kultivojn\u00eb bim\u00eb p\u00ebr ushqim p\u00ebr veten e tyre19<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Arif Mati thot\u00eb se n\u00eb Pelolitikun e hersh\u00ebm ushqimi i popujve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebn evropian\u00eb, q\u00eb ishin kryesisht pellazg\u00ebt, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb frytet e lisit, l\u00e8ndat, plot amidon, me shije t\u00eb idht\u00eb. Ai thot\u00eb: \u201cngr\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb lisit\u201d (geg\u00ebrisht d.m.th. l\u00e8dha, lenda t\u00eb lisit). Periudha pas-akullnajave fillon nga viti 10`000 deri n\u00eb 6`500 vite p.e.s, kur fillon kultura bujq\u00ebsore dhe e drith\u00ebrave n\u00eb Gadishullin Ilirik (Ballkan) dhe rajonin danubian<\/strong>20<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb e tham\u00eb nj\u00ebher\u00eb sa p\u00ebr dijeni e po e kthehemi m\u00eb tutje punimit t\u00eb Britta Pawlakut. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, grupet e ndryshme etnike vazhduan t\u00eb zhvillohen m\u00eb tutje dhe jan\u00eb shfaqur pak nga pak grupet e ve\u00e7anta.<\/p>\n

Njeriu p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb optimale me form\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb tij. Ka karakteristika t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebr vendbanimin e tij<\/strong>.21<\/sup>
\nGrupet etnike, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb fillim, ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier me \u201ct\u00eb tjer\u00ebt\u201d, edhe me grupet e ve\u00e7anta etnike.<\/p>\n

Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ishin n\u00eb papajtueshm\u00ebri apo nd\u00ebr luftime nj\u00ebra me tjetr\u00ebn. Por e themi se ishte fjala p\u00ebr rajone t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, sepse bota ishte shum\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr njeriun e asaj kohe, i cili nuk kishte as mjete t\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit p\u00ebr at\u00eb pjes\u00eb. Civilizimi i njer\u00ebzimit po krijohej dhe u krijua.
\nN\u00eb fund, termi “civilizim” vjen nga fjala latine “Civis”, q\u00eb d.m.th. “qytetar”. Qytetari iu referua p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb krijuar nga p\u00ebrparimi i shkenc\u00ebs dhe teknologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Njeriu i zhvilluar n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e komunitetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar n\u00eb komunitet. Kjo gj\u00eb vjen nga p\u00ebrmbajtja ideologjive, t\u00eb besimeve, t\u00eb vlerave, t\u00eb normave, strukturave shoq\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb kuptuarit e artit22<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

[ T\u00eb tjerat, do t’i shohim n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi…<\/a><\/em> ]<\/p>\n

SH\u00cbNIME<\/strong>:
\n1. Ali Eltari-Lapi, \u201ePellazg\u00ebt, krijuesit e qytet\u00ebrimit bot\u00ebror\u201c, Grand Print, Tiran\u00eb 2008, faqe 6.
\n2. Shikoni n\u00eb medien elektronike, Helles Kopfchen, n\u00eb artikulllin \u201eWarum sind die dinosaurier ausgestorben\u201c, pjesa 5 nga 5, e shkruar nga Marlen Schot dhe Britta Pawlak, n\u00eb http:\/\/www.helles-koepfchen.de\/warum_sind_die_dinosaurier_ausgestorben.html<\/a>.
\n3. P\u00ebr shembull, shikoni librin e Ali Eltarit-Lapi, po aty, faqe 6.
\n4. Shikoni po desh\u00ebt pjes\u00eb e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb punimit tim \u201eCilat ishin loj\u00ebrat e fshirjes s\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00ebje paraprake t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit iliro-pellazg\u201c, t\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb faqen time provizore http:\/\/www.brahimavdyli.ch\/periudha-e-lasht\u00eb-iliro-pellazge-2\/<\/a>.
\n5. Shikoni po desh\u00ebt m\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb studimin e medies elektonike, n\u00eb punimin \u201eDie Evolution des Menschen\u201c, n\u00eb http:\/\/www.praehistorische-archaeologie.de\/wissen\/grundlagen\/evolution-des-menschen\/<\/a>.
\n6. Shikoni faqen elektronike t\u00eb Wikipedia Org, n\u00eb \u201eStammgeschichte des Menschen\u201c, https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stammesgeschichte_des_Menschen<\/a>.
\n7. Shikoni me rezerva artikullin e Stefan Greschik, \u201eDie Evolution des Menschen\u201c, n\u00eb faqen elektonike http:\/\/www.geo.de\/geolino\/mensch\/9293-rtkl-geschichte-die-evolution-des-menschen<\/a>.
\n8. Nxjerrur nga faqja e Wikipedia Org, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht th\u00ebnia e nxjerrur n\u00eb thonj\u00ebza, prej dy autor\u00ebve, Bernard Wood, Terry Harrison: The evolutionary context of the first hominins. In: Nature. Band 470, 2011, S. 347\u2013352, doi:10.1038\/nature09709, e publikuar aty, https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stammesgeschichte_des_Menschen<\/a>.
\n9. Shikoni n\u00eb mediat elektonike \u201eHelles Kopfschen\u201c artikullin e Britta Pawlak, \u201eDie Geschichte der Evolution-Teil 1\u201c, n\u00eb https:\/\/www.helles-koepfchen.de\/geschichte-der-evolution\/hominisation-und-abstammung-des-menschen.html<\/a>.
\n10. Shikoni po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim t\u00eb Britta Pawlakut.
\n11. Shikoni shkrimin e Britta Pawlakut, n\u00eb medien elektronike, \u201eHelles Kopfschen\u201c, \u201eWie entwickelte sich das Leben auf der Erde-Die Geschichte der Evolution – Teil 2\u201c, n\u00eb https:\/\/www.helles-koepfchen.de\/geschichte-der-evolution\/darwins-evolutionstheorie-und-entwicklung-der-lebewesen.html<\/a>.
\n12. Shikoni shkrimin e Stefan Greschnik, \u201eDie Evolution des Menschen\u201c, n\u00eb mediat elektronike, n\u00eb http:\/\/www.geo.de\/geolino\/mensch\/9293-rtkl-geschichte-die-evolution-des-menschen<\/a>.
\n13. Shikoni edhe shkrimin p\u00ebr Neanderthaler-in, te Wikipedia Org, n\u00eb enciklopedin\u00eb elektronike, t\u00eb https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neandertaler<\/a>.
\n14. Shikoni edhe fusnot\u00ebn e t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendurit, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij, faqe 6, me dalim se specia \u00ebsht\u00eb Homo, jo Homo sapiens.
\n15. Shikoni me reserva punimin e Bitta Pawlakut, \u201eDer H\u00f6hlenmensch Neanderthaler\u201c, n\u00eb medien elektronike, si pjes\u00eb e shkrimit m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u201eEvolution-Die Urzeitmenschen-Die Geschichte der Evolution – Teil 3\u201c, n\u00eb https:\/\/www.helles-koepfchen.de\/geschichte-der-evolution\/urmenschen-homo-erectus-neandertaler-und-homo-sapiens.html<\/a>.
\n16. Po aty, i nj\u00ebjti shkrim.
\n17. Shikoni pjes\u00ebn e 4 te shkrimit t\u00eb Britta Pawlak, \u201eWie der Mensch sesshaft wurde-Die Geschichte der Evolution-Teil 4\u201c, n\u00eb medien elektronike, n\u00eb https:\/\/www.helles-koepfchen.de\/geschichte-der-evolution\/cro-magnon-steinzeitmenschen-sesshaftigkeit-und-zivilisation.html<\/a>.
\n18. Shikoni k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb si e n\u00ebvizon Arif Mati, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij, “Miken\u00ebt-Pellazg\u00ebt, Grek\u00ebt ose zgjidhja e nj\u00eb enigme”, Plejad, Tiran\u00eb 2008, faqe 27.
\n19. Po ajo, Britta Pawlak, n\u00eb punimin \u201eWie der Mensch sesshaft wurde-Die Geschichte der Evolution-Teil 4\u201c\u2026
\n20. Shiko n\u00eb faqen pasardh\u00ebse, t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs vep\u00ebr, t\u00eb Arif Matit, faqe 28.
\n21. Britta Pawlak, shikoni pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00eb pjes\u00eb e 4, n\u00ebnpjesa \u201eWie entstanden verschiedene ethnische Gruppen\u201c.
\n22. Poashtu, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebtin punim.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Njeriu i Gadishullit Ilirik apo Ballkanit-n\u00eb parahistorin\u00eb e par\u00eb Brahim Ibish AVDYLI: (Nga mediat elektronike dhe veprat) Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Mynihut mendojn\u00eb se miliona vite p.e.s., nj\u00eb ngjarrje e rrall\u00eb kozmike e shp\u00ebrthimit yjor, ka ndikuar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb planetin ton\u00eb, ku jan\u00eb zhvilluar ndri\u00e7ime t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb planet, duke shk\u00eblqyer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nPALEOLITIKU I PAR\u00cb DHE EVOLUIMI I NJERIUT N\u00cbP\u00cbR EVROP\u00cb (I) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/paleolitiku-i-pare-dhe-evoluimi-i-njeriut-neper-evrope-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PALEOLITIKU I PAR\u00cb DHE EVOLUIMI I NJERIUT N\u00cbP\u00cbR EVROP\u00cb (I) - 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