{"id":14465,"date":"2017-08-20T14:02:19","date_gmt":"2017-08-20T13:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=14465"},"modified":"2017-10-30T08:36:08","modified_gmt":"2017-10-30T08:36:08","slug":"gustave-le-bon-dhe-pervoja-e-tij-me-racat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gustave-le-bon-dhe-pervoja-e-tij-me-racat\/","title":{"rendered":"Gustave Le Bon dhe p\u00ebrvoja e tij me racat…"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrgatiti Brunilda Ternova<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gustave Le Bon<\/strong> (7 Maj 1841 n\u00eb Nogent le Rotrou – 13 Dhjetor 1931 n\u00eb Eureet Loir) ishte psikolog, sociolog dhe fizikan francez. Autor i disa librave n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillohen teorit\u00eb mbi tradh\u00ebtit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, superioritetin racor, sjelljes n\u00eb grupime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe psikologjis\u00eb s\u00eb turm\u00ebs. Vepra dhe reflektimet e tij mbi turmat do t\u00eb analizoheshin dhe diskutoheshin shum\u00eb shpejt si n\u00eb Franc\u00eb (Picard, 1909; Montono, 1914; Delatour, 1925 apo edhe Flammarion, 1928) ashtu edhe jasht\u00eb saj (Sch\u00ebalenberg, 1919; Cartelliert, 1938; Nye, 1975; Widener, 1979; etj). Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, ai harrohet shpejt, pas vdekjes s\u00eb tij e do duhej t\u00eb pritej sidomos Moscovici (1981\/1991) p\u00ebr t\u00eb rehabilituar njeriun n\u00eb psikologjin\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore dhe p\u00ebr ta nxjerr\u00eb nga pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vitet e tij t\u00eb harres\u00ebs. Le Bon e ka ndar\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb tre libra: n\u00eb t\u00eb parin ai studion shpirtin e turmave; n\u00eb t\u00eb dytin, opinionet dhe besimet e turmave; n\u00eb t\u00eb tretin, jep nj\u00eb klasifikim dhe nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb turmave.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Le Bon, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb individ\u00ebt e nj\u00eb race ngjajn\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin sidomos p\u00ebr nga element\u00ebt e pand\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb shpirtin e k\u00ebsaj race. Dhe ata ndryshojn\u00eb nga element\u00ebt e nd\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm, fryte t\u00eb edukimit, por sidomos t\u00eb nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimie t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb pangjash\u00ebm p\u00ebr nga inteligjenca kan\u00eb instinkte, pasione, ndjenja, etj., ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb identike. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ndjenjave: feja, politika, morali, dashuria, antipatit\u00eb etj, njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar e kalojn\u00eb ve\u00e7se n\u00eb raste mjaft t\u00eb rralla nivelin e individ\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm. Nd\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb matematikani t\u00eb shquar dhe k\u00ebpucarit t\u00eb tij mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb nj\u00eb humner\u00eb n\u00eb rrafshin intelektual, por nga pik\u00ebpamja e karakterit dhe e besimeve dallimi shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb zero ose fare i dob\u00ebt. <\/p>\n

Por, k\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb karakterit, t\u00eb rregulluara nga e pand\u00ebrgjegjshmja dhe t\u00eb zot\u00ebruara pak nga pak n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin nivel nga pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e individ\u00ebve normal\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb race, jan\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta tek turmat. N\u00eb shpirtin kolektiv, aft\u00ebsit\u00eb intelektuale t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb individualiteti i tyre jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb. Heterogjenja mbytet n\u00eb homogjenen dhe cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e pand\u00ebrgjegjshme mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb. Ky bashkim i cil\u00ebsive t\u00eb zakonshme na shpjegon pse turmat nuk mund t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb veprime q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb inteligjenc\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Vendimet me interes t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb marra nga nj\u00eb asamble njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb shquar, por t\u00eb specialiteteve t\u00eb ndryshme, nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira se vendimet q\u00eb do t\u00eb merrte nj\u00eb mbledhje torollak\u00ebsh. Ata munden vet\u00ebm t\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb k\u00ebto cil\u00ebsi mediokre q\u00eb i zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Turmat nuk bashkojn\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn, por mediokritetin. Le Bon, i cili i dha shpirtin turm\u00ebs, artikulon tre shpjegime p\u00ebr k\u00ebto sjellje irracionale t\u00eb individ\u00ebve t\u00eb kapur n\u00eb turm\u00eb. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb numri, sipas tij, i jep individit nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb mbifuqie, t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrime t\u00eb ekzagjeruara dhe thekson anonimatin. M\u00eb pas, p\u00ebrfshirja (ai b\u00ebn nj\u00eb paralele me hipnotizimin) lejon shp\u00ebrndarjen e emocioneve, mendimeve dhe sjelljeve. S\u00eb fundi, sugjestionimi \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor dhe konkretizohet n\u00eb rolin e manipuluesve q\u00eb fal\u00eb tij jan\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb pushtetin mbi turm\u00ebn. N\u00eb turm\u00eb personaliteti i nd\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm zhduket, vullneti dhe gjykimi shkat\u00ebrrohen. Nga fakti i vet\u00ebm se ai b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb turm\u00eb, njeriu zbret pra shum\u00eb nivele n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e qytet\u00ebrimit. I izoluar, ishte ndoshta nj\u00eb individ i kultivuar, n\u00eb turm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb instinktiv, p\u00ebr rrjedhim nj\u00eb barbar. <\/p>\n

Ai ka spontanitetin, dhun\u00ebn, mizorin\u00eb dhe gjithashtu entuziazmin dhe heroizmat e qenieve primitive. Ai u afrohet atyre edhe nga leht\u00ebsia e tij p\u00ebr ta l\u00ebn\u00eb veten t\u00eb impresionohet nga fjal\u00ebt dhe pamjet, dhe t\u00eb kryej\u00eb veprime q\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb interesat e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb qarta. Individi n\u00eb turm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kok\u00ebrr r\u00ebre n\u00eb mes t\u00eb kokrrave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebr\u00ebs, q\u00eb era i ngre sipas d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Individi n\u00eb turm\u00eb dallon nga uni i tij normal jo vet\u00ebm nga aktet. Q\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb ket\u00eb humbur \u00e7do pavar\u00ebsi, idet\u00eb dhe ndjenjat e tij jan\u00eb transformuar, aq sa kan\u00eb mundur ta kthejn\u00eb koprracin n\u00eb dor\u00ebl\u00ebshuar, skeptikun n\u00eb besimtar, t\u00eb ndershmin n\u00eb kriminel, qullashin n\u00eb hero. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtrat i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm dhe i ngroht\u00eb q\u00eb turma t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb sjellje kriminale, apo t’u jap\u00eb guxim an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sjellje kriminale.<\/p>\n

“Psikologjia e popujve” i Gustav Le Bon, ne pika te shkurtera:
\n– Sikurse ka raca fizike (e bardh e zeze, mongol, nordik, alpin dinarik etj.) ashtu ka edhe raca psikike, qe ndryshojn\u00eb per kah karakteri shpirteror.
\n– Raca psikike dallohet nga veprimet e nenvetedijshme, te cilat ndryshojn\u00eb nga raca ne race per rrethana te njejta.
\n– Te nje njeri ndikimin me te fuqishem e kan gjenet e lashta nga stergjyshrit, me pak ndikojn\u00eb prinderit dhe me se paku ambienti, ose pervoja e jeteses.
\n– Shpirti i Races do te thote, teresia e ideve dhe e ndjenjave qe jane te lindura, te trasheguara me gjene dhe jo te fituara diku gjate ndonje ‘edukimi’.
\n– Nje popull ka shpirt te unifikuar kur ka interesa te perbashketa, ndjenja te perbashketa dhe besime te njejta.
\n– Nje popull mund te humb\u00eb, madje gjenetikisht disa ve\u00e7ori te se kaluares (trimeri, inteligjence, respekt etj), ne te njejten menyre sikurse nji organizem humb organe te caktuara gjate evoluimit, madje me shpejt se sa i ka fituar ato.
\n– Romaket dhe anglosaksonet u ngriten shum\u00eb, jo per shkak inteligjence, por per shkak te unifikimit te tyre ne ndjenja, ide, interesa dhe besime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta.
\n– Racat e larta jane ato qe flasin gjuhet IE, racat e mesme jane mongolet dhe semitet, raca te ulta jane zezaket, dhe raca te lashta jane aborigjenet ne Australi dhe Pacifik.
\n– Racat mes vete dallojn\u00eb edhe nga karakteri edhe nga niveli i inteligjenc\u00ebs, kurse popuj te se njejtes race dallojn mes vete vetem nga karakteri, kurse inteligjencen e kan te njejte.
\n– Ve\u00e7orite qe ngriten lart Romen e bene perandori: kembengulja e pamposhtur, energjia, sakrifica per hir te idealit, respekti absolut per ligjet.
\n– fete dhe perandorite nuk ngriten me inteligjence, baza e tyre eshte karakteri dhe fanatizmi.
\n– ne racat e ulta jane te gjithe njesoj, kurse ne racat e larta ka dimorfizem te theksuar, ka njerez me nivele te ndryshme zhvillimi mendor
\n– kushtet per t’u perzier mes vete dy raca psikike: numri afersisht i barabarte, ngjashmeri e madhe mes tyre, kushte te njejta jetese, perzierja graduale e ngadalte, kryqezim i vazhdueshem, territor dhe mjedis i njejte, institucione dhe besime te njejta.
\n– Feja e pranuar nga jashte eshte vetem emer i ri i fese se vjeter. P.sh. islamizmi i hinduve eshte vetem nje hinduizem me emra te rinj, spanjollet jane fetishiste, italianet politeiste qe besojne ne qindra madona etj. edhe feja ben pjese ne karakterin shpirteeror edhe eshte e trasheguar permes gjenesh.
\n– Deshira per gjuhe boterore eshte idiotesi. Secila race ka prirjet e veta gjuhesore keshtu qe edhe nese imponohet nje gjuhe ne tere boten ajo serish do te ndahet ne gjuhe te reja, si\u00e7 ndodhi edhe me gjuhet romane, ku shkaktar eshte dallimi racor mes atyre popujve.
\n– Perkthimi i plote i nje vepre eshte i pamundur, sepse secila race ka menyren e vete te mendimit.
\n– Ngjashem edhe institucionet jan\u00eb te trasheguara gjenetikisht, prandaj prirja e amerikaneve per te perhapur institucionet e tyre eshte e gabuar, sepse ato serish marrin forma te reja varesisht nga konteksti racor, keshtu latinoamerikanet i kan\u00eb pervetesuar ne dukje instuticionet nga SHBA, por ne thelb dallojne teresisht prej tyre.<\/p>\n

\n

Ky libri k\u00ebtu, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasakt\u00ebsi e kontradikta, por duhet lexuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra, nd\u00ebr tjera edhe pse shqiptar\u00ebt sot rropaten kot se nuk mund t\u00eb ngrihen, pasi sillen si rac\u00eb e ul\u00ebt e mesme, kur n\u00eb fakt jan\u00eb rac\u00eb e lart\u00eb. Humbja e cil\u00ebsive t\u00eb rac\u00ebs shqiptare, ka ardhur sipas sqarimeve t\u00eb Gustave Le Bon<\/strong>, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pushtimit t\u00eb gjat\u00eb osman<\/strong>, islamizimit<\/strong> dhe p\u00ebrzierjes s\u00eb rac\u00ebs<\/strong>. Duam t\u00eb shp\u00ebtojm\u00eb? Duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb arsyet q\u00eb na kan\u00eb rr\u00ebnuar dhe pastaj t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb edhe rrug\u00ebt e ngritjes, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb investimi n\u00eb xhamia e n\u00eb islam e eZan… por shmangia e t\u00eb keqes…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrgatiti Brunilda Ternova Gustave Le Bon (7 Maj 1841 n\u00eb Nogent le Rotrou – 13 Dhjetor 1931 n\u00eb Eureet Loir) ishte psikolog, sociolog dhe fizikan francez. Autor i disa librave n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillohen teorit\u00eb mbi tradh\u00ebtit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, superioritetin racor, sjelljes n\u00eb grupime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe psikologjis\u00eb s\u00eb turm\u00ebs. Vepra dhe reflektimet e tij mbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nGustave Le Bon dhe p\u00ebrvoja e tij me racat... - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gustave-le-bon-dhe-pervoja-e-tij-me-racat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gustave Le Bon dhe p\u00ebrvoja e tij me racat... - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u00ebrgatiti Brunilda Ternova Gustave Le Bon (7 Maj 1841 n\u00eb Nogent le Rotrou – 13 Dhjetor 1931 n\u00eb Eureet Loir) ishte psikolog, sociolog dhe fizikan francez. Autor i disa librave n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillohen teorit\u00eb mbi tradh\u00ebtit\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, superioritetin racor, sjelljes n\u00eb grupime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe psikologjis\u00eb s\u00eb turm\u00ebs. 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