{"id":18771,"date":"2017-10-04T08:01:28","date_gmt":"2017-10-04T08:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=18771"},"modified":"2017-10-04T08:01:28","modified_gmt":"2017-10-04T08:01:28","slug":"lufta-per-tivarin-sipas-s-gopceviqit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/lufta-per-tivarin-sipas-s-gopceviqit\/","title":{"rendered":"LUFTA P\u00cbR TIVARIN SIPAS S. GOP\u00c7EVIQIT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. Nail Draga<\/strong>*<\/p>\n

Hyrje<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb lidhje mbi ngjarjet e zhvilluara n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn kohore t\u00eb Kriz\u00ebs Lindore(1875\/78) deri me tash jan\u00eb publikuar studime t\u00eb ndryshme nga autor vendas dhe t\u00eb huaj. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb kontekstit gjeopolitik t\u00eb koh\u00ebs Principata e Malit t\u00eb Zi par\u00ebsore kishte projektin e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb se vendit nga Perandoria Osmane, por nj\u00ebherit edhe t\u00eb zgjerimit territorial, me synim daljen n\u00eb det, ku aspiratat pushtuese ishin edhe ndaj viseve shqiptare n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Vilajetit t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt Tivari dhe rrethina e tij paraqet ekzemplar t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr hulumtim dhe analiza ushtarake e gjeopolitike p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn. Duke qen\u00eb qyteti m\u00eb per\u00ebndimor i Vilajetit ai ishte arena e nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb simbol i vandalizmit dhe shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb dy muajve t\u00eb bombardimit si asnj\u00eb qytet tjet\u00ebr deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pas zhvillimit t\u00eb operacioneve ushtarake dhe pushtimit t\u00eb disa territoreve n\u00eb lidhje me perfitimet dhe me zgjerimin territorial t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi me mbeshtetje kryesisht nga Rusia u diskutu edhe n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit(3 mars 1878) dhe n\u00eb Kongresin e Berlinit(13 qershor 1878). Ishin pik\u00ebrisht vendimet e Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vendosen sipas interesave t\u00eb tyre gjeopolitike duke legjitimuar fillimin e dekompozimit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane n\u00eb Ballkan n\u00eb aspektin territorial, duke anashkaluar parimin etnik n\u00eb territoret p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, ku shqiptar\u00ebt e p\u00ebsuan m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti.<\/em><\/p>\n

Deri m\u00eb tash ngjarjet p\u00ebr Tivarin p\u00ebr vit\u00ebt 1877\/78 jan\u00eb trajtuar nga autor t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm duke ofruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb trajtohen n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte var\u00ebsisht nga qasja e tyre profesionale. Por n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb autor i cili pothuaj ka mbetur i panjohur p\u00ebr opinion e gjer\u00eb, dhe si i till\u00eb nuk citohet fare nga studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, sidomos t\u00eb ata sllav, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rast p\u00ebr hulumtim, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se libri i tij mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtimin e k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje ne k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore.<\/em><\/p>\n

Fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr autorin Spiridon Gop\u00e7eviq (1855-1937) i cili k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ka trajtuar me shum\u00eb kompetenc\u00eb n\u00eb librin Crnogorski turski rat 1876-1878<\/strong>, botuar n\u00eb Beograd t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn serbe n\u00eb vitin 1963 nga sht\u00ebpia botuese Vojno dello. Libri ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes nga vet fakti se autori ka qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar okular i ngjarjeve, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rast i rrall\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn duke ofruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna autentike, n\u00eb aspektin ushtarak por edhe ate gjeopolitik n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb regjion. Qasja e tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje historike mbetet burim kryesor p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb ta trajtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje pa subjektiviz\u00ebm e improvizime, por n\u00eb realittein e rrethanave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/em>
\n_________________
\n*Qendra Kulturore-Ulqin<\/em><\/p>\n

Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb Spiridon Gop\u00e7eviqi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spiridon Gop\u00e7eviqi (1855-1937)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka lindur ne Trieste ne vitin 1855 nga familja me origjin\u00eb nga Boka e Kotorit. Familja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb me tregti. N\u00eb vendlindje ka kryer shkoll\u00ebn fillore nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb mesmen dhe fakultetin n\u00eb Vien. N\u00eb Vien ka studiuar shkencat historike, gjeografike, ushtarake dhe t\u00eb detaris\u00eb. Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb edhe me studime filologjike. Ai ishte poliglot ku sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ka ditur ti flas\u00eb dhe t’i shkruaj\u00eb 13 gjuh\u00eb! Pas vdekj\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb em\u00ebs ka nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb shkollimin dhe ka filluar karier\u00ebn si gazetar, duke raportuar vendet ku luftohej.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet 70- ta t\u00eb shek. XIX ka qendruar n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi, dhe ka punuar planin e par\u00eb urbanistik t\u00eb Cetin\u00ebs. Ka qen\u00eb vullnetar n\u00eb kryengritj\u00ebn e Bosne-Hercegovin\u00ebs (1875) dhe n\u00eb luft\u00ebn malezezo-turke(1876). Raportet nga lufta i ka publikuar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr Malin e Zi.Nga nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e till\u00eb disavje\u00e7are boton librin Lufta e Malit t\u00eb Zi kund\u00ebr Port\u00ebs 1876-1878 (Wien 1879). Po ashtu gjat\u00eb vitit 1878 ka botuar edhe broshur\u00ebn Turqit dhe miqt\u00eb e tyre. Si korespondent i Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung ka p\u00ebrcjellur pun\u00ebn e Lidhj\u00ebs Shqiptare t\u00eb Prizrenit dhe kund\u00ebrshtimin e saj vendimeve t\u00eb Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit. Si rezultat i k\u00ebtyre shkrimeve ka shkruar vepr\u00ebn Shqip\u00ebria e Veriut dhe liga e saj(Lajpcig 1881). N\u00eb vitin 1882 raporton p\u00ebr kryengritjen n\u00eb Bok\u00eb t\u00eb Kotorit e Hercegovin\u00eb dhe kriz\u00ebn n\u00eb Egjipt.<\/p>\n

Si reporter i Berliner Tagblatt-it ka informuar p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn serbo-bullgare n\u00eb vitin 1885, duke shkruar edhe librin Bullgaria dhe Rumelija lindore (Lajpcig 1886-1889). Duke mbajtur qendrim pro Serbis\u00eb, ata e em\u00ebrojn\u00eb atashe i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Serbis\u00eb n\u00eb Berlin(1886) e m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb (1887-1890). Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe shkruan librin Serbija dhe serb\u00ebt. Me rekomandim t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb serbe udhton n\u00eb Bullgari e Maqedoni n\u00eb vitin 1888 ku m\u00eb pas shkruan shkruan librin Serbija e vjet\u00ebr dhe Maqedonia dhe ka punuar Hart\u00ebn etnografike t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb Jugore.N\u00eb vitin 1889 e l\u00ebshon Serbin\u00eb ku me pas mban an\u00ebn e Austro-Hungaris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ka bashk\u00ebpunuar me 60 revista dhe 86 gazeta ditore. N\u00eb Vien\u00eb ka botuar revist\u00ebn Die Velt(1889) dhe Wiener Tagespot. Gazetarin\u00eb e ka l\u00ebshuar n\u00eb vitin 1893.Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb burg p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkrimeve kund\u00ebr pushtetit. Nga Viena shkon n\u00eb Mali Loshinj dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb me astronomi. K\u00ebtu n\u00eb vitin 1893 themeloi observatorin Manora . Ky observator u em\u00ebrua me emrin e gruas s\u00eb tij, nj\u00eb grua fisnike austriake e pasur. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb observator ai p\u00ebrdori teleskop\u00ebt e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar Hen\u00ebn, Marsin, Saturnin, Vener\u00ebn e planet\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve financiare e mbylli ate n\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1909. Nga viti 1899-1909 u dhe themeluesi i Astronomische Rundschau nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb shkencore e njohur asokohe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane. M\u00eb von\u00eb ai kaloi disa vite n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, ku ka shkruar dy opera. U kthy p\u00ebrseri n\u00eb Vien\u00eb (1914) dhe iu kushtua politik\u00ebs dhe publicistik\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ka qendruar n\u00eb Vien\u00eb, duke pasur qendrimin austrofil ku ka theksuar se sllavet e jugut duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00ebn Austro-Hungarin\u00eb. Pas luft\u00ebs ka jetuar i t\u00ebrhequr n\u00eb Berlin. Rrethanat e vdekj\u00ebs s\u00eb tij (1937) jan\u00eb akoma t\u00eb paqarta, por arsyeja duket se ka qen\u00eb vetmia, varf\u00ebria e stresi.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhe pse n\u00eb artikujt dhe studimet e tia mund ti b\u00ebh\u00ebt verejtje p\u00ebr qasje subjektive e ca her\u00eb edhe jo shkencore, libri Lufta malazezo-turke 1876-1878, ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes p\u00ebr ne shqiptar\u00ebt, sidomos p\u00ebr viset shqiptare n\u00eb Vilajetin e Shkodr\u00ebs, para dhe pas Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit. Ishte pik\u00ebrisht kjo periudh\u00eb kohore e cila n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb pazarlleqeve t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha, filloj n\u00eb praktik\u00eb rrudhosja territoriale e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs etnogjeografike shqiptare dhe zvoglimi demografik i shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb viset p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, t\u00eb cilat iu dhan\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb vendimeve t\u00eb Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit. Ishte kjo koha e fillimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulj\u00ebs s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe popullsis\u00eb tjet\u00ebr me p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi konfesionale islame sllavofone, duke u vendosur kryesisht n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, por edhe n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Hap\u00ebsira etnogjeografike shqiptare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Duke lexuar librin e Gop\u00e7eviqit del qart\u00eb se kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, sidomos kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn etnogjeografike shqiptare. \u00c7\u00ebshtja ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me ate se territoret e banuara me popullsi shqiptare i quan jo Perandoria Osmane por Shqip\u00ebri, dhe pse n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria nuk ishte shtet i pavarur, por ekzistonte me em\u00ebr t\u00eb till\u00eb. N\u00eb aspektin territorial Gop\u00e7eviqi hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn etnogjeografike shqiptare e ka ndar\u00eb n\u00eb tre nj\u00ebsi p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht regjione, apo nahije sikurse e cek\u00ebn n\u00eb lib\u00ebr, duke qen\u00eb autori i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe me pas me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizim t\u00eb till\u00eb gjeografik. K\u00ebshtu kemi Nahija e Shkodr\u00ebs, me 376 km2 ku si qytet i p\u00ebrkiste Tivari m\u00eb 8000 banor\u00eb, pastaj Nahija Shqiptare me sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 379 km2 ku qytet kryesor ishte Podgorica me 6000 banor\u00eb dhe Nahija e Plav\u00ebs, me 958 km2 me qytet Plav\u00ebn me 14000 banor\u00eb(f.360).Po ashtu na ofron edhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb konfesionale.K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr Nahin\u00eb shqiptare cek\u00ebn se prej 22.000 banor\u00ebve sa jan\u00eb gjithsej 8000 jan\u00eb musliman\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e urrejn\u00eb malazezet…. (361). Nga k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna hap\u00ebsinore del qart\u00eb se hap\u00ebsira etnogjeografike shqiptare p\u00ebrfshinte sip\u00ebrfaqen prej 1713 km2.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa duke analizuar vendimet e Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit Gop\u00e7eviqi me plot\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb thot se \u201cdhe ma keq \u00ebsht\u00eb dhurata e danajve Nahis\u00eb s\u00eb Plav\u00ebs ku nga 14000 banor\u00eb as ma pak e as ma shumn\u00eb por 10000 jan\u00eb musliman\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt llogartit\u00ebn armiqt\u00eb me t\u00eb medh\u00ebnj t\u00eb malazezve\u201d(f.361), duke konstatuar se \u201cMalit t\u00eb Zi i jepen ato vise q\u00eb popullata i urren malazez\u00ebt dhe me t\u00eb gjitha forcat mbrohet nga aneksimi\u201d(f.362).<\/p>\n

\"\" Ballina e librit e p\u00ebrkthyer serbisht (1963)<\/em><\/p>\n

Lufta e Malit t\u00eb Zi p\u00ebr zgjerim territorial<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kontekstin gjeopolitik t\u00eb koh\u00ebs Principata e Malit t\u00eb Zi par\u00ebsore kishte projektin e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb se vendit nga Perandoria Osmane, por nj\u00ebherit edhe t\u00eb zgjerimit territorial, me synim daljen n\u00eb det, ku aspiratat pushtuese ishin edhe ndaj viseve shqiptare n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Vilajetit t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Lufta e zhvilluar n\u00eb Hercegovin\u00eb e Bosnje, si dhe nxitja nga Rusia e shtyn\u00eb Serbin\u00eb e Malin e Zi n\u00eb nj\u00eb aksion t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt kund\u00ebr Perandoris\u00eb Osmane.Ato pasi lidh\u00ebn marr\u00ebveshje me 12 qershor 1876 n\u00eb Venedik, nga fundi i qershorit i shpall\u00ebn luft\u00eb Turqis\u00eb. Por, n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb situat\u00ebs gjeopolitike Austro-Hungaria e frik\u00ebsuar se situata nuk do t\u00eb zhvillohej n\u00eb favor t\u00eb saj, arriti nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje me Rusin\u00eb p\u00ebr caktimin e sferave t\u00eb interesit. Ajo tentativ\u00eb u paralajm\u00ebrua n\u00eb Rajshtat(\u00c7eki) me 8 korrik 1876, nd\u00ebrsa me Konvent\u00ebn e Budapestit, m\u00eb 15 janar 1877, u p\u00ebrkufizuan obligimet ku me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast Rusia lejoi q\u00eb Austro-Hungaria ta pushtonte Bosnj\u00ebn e Hercegovin\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa Rusia t\u00eb mos ndihmonte n\u00eb formimin e nj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb madh sllav n\u00eb Ballkan.Por, nga data 24 prill 1877 Rusia i shpalli luft\u00eb Turqis\u00eb, duke paralm\u00ebruar se do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb hart\u00ebn politike t\u00eb territor\u00ebve q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane.<\/p>\n

Se Rusia qendronte pas veprimeve t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi, nuk ishte veprim i panjohur, d\u00ebshmon edhe angazhimi i saj me 1 n\u00ebntor 1876, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur arm\u00ebpushimin n\u00eb mes Serbis\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa me nd\u00ebrhyrjen e fuqive evropiane nj\u00eb arm\u00ebpushim i till\u00eb u arrit n\u00eb mes Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Turqis\u00eb.Por, nj\u00eb paq\u00eb e till\u00eb ishte e p\u00ebrkohshme sepse Serbia dhe Mali i Zi duke filluar nga muaji prill 1877, vazhduan luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr Turqis\u00eb. Ishte kjo aleanca ortodokse e cila nga Perandoria Osmane kishte planifikuar p\u00ebrfitime territoriale me konceptet mesjetare duke mos p\u00ebrfillur p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb etnike t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb territoret p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Dhe e sulmuar si n\u00eb lindje nga Rusia dhe per\u00ebndim nga Mali i Zi e Serbia, ishte e qart\u00eb se Turqia nuk do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbronte territoret qe i kishte pushtuar shekuj m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhat e ngjarjeve treguan se qarqet drejtuese t\u00eb principatave ballkanike e shftyt\u00ebzuan situat\u00ebn situat\u00ebn e krijuar jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar qellimin e tyre p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi komb\u00ebtare, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar planet ekspansioniste, t\u00eb cilat kalonin caqet e bashkimit t\u00eb tyre komb\u00ebtar duke synuar kufijt e shtet\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre mesjetare, ku p\u00ebrfshihej edhe pjesa m\u00eb madhe e tokave shqiptare. Pik\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb shek. XIX sundimtar\u00ebt dhe shtresa e lart\u00eb n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi kan\u00eb shprehur d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr zgj\u00ebrim territorial t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe aneksim t\u00eb tokave t\u00eb reja, ku si caku jugor i vendit t\u00eb tyre ishte lumi Drin. Pra, kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb hapur pa improvizime p\u00ebr pushtimin e territor\u00ebve t\u00eb reja, ku shqiptar\u00ebt u vendos\u00ebn para sfidave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar dhe qendruar n\u00eb territoret e tyre n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb reja n\u00eb prag t\u00eb dy tubimeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare(Paqa e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit dhe Kongresi i Berlinit).<\/p>\n

Lufta kund\u00ebr Perandoris\u00eb Osmane zhvillohej n\u00eb disa fronte. Rusia i shpalli luft\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane me 24 prill 1877 dhe me shpejt\u00ebsi korri suksese t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ne shum\u00eb fronte, duke dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Stambollit. K\u00ebshtu me 10 dhjetor 1877 pushtuan Plevn\u00ebn, me 4 janar 1878 Sofjen, me 20 janar Edren\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb 24 shkurt 1878 e pushtuan Sh\u00ebn Stefanin paralagje t\u00eb Stambollit. T\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar nga k\u00ebto fitore Mali i Zi vazhdoi luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr Turqis\u00eb, ku par\u00ebsore ishte dep\u00ebrtimi ndaj jugut dalja n\u00eb detin Adriatik dhe pushtimi i territor\u00ebve nga deti, lumi Buna e deri t\u00eb liqeni i Shkodr\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht marrja e Tivarit e Ulqinit p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar p\u00ebr Shkod\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Por, para se t\u00eb fillonin operacionet luftarake p\u00ebr marrjen e Tivarit, ushtria malazeze veproi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strategjike fillimisht duke okupuar rrethin\u00ebn e tij, p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar territorin p\u00ebr veprime ushtarake pa pengesa ndaj qellimit kryesor qe ishte pushtimi i Tivarit. K\u00ebshtu pasi kishte dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb per\u00ebndim deri t\u00eb Kufini me pas arriti af\u00ebr Tivarit, e m\u00eb pas me tet\u00eb batalione pushtoi Kraj\u00ebn me 13 n\u00ebntor 1877, duke djegur e pla\u00e7kitur fshtara, e madje duke treguar vandaliz\u00ebm sepse shkat\u00ebrruan p\u00ebrkt\u00ebsisht i thyen varret. Pasi kishin siguruar kushtet n\u00eb terren p\u00ebr rreth filluan bombardimin e Tivarit me topa me 16.11.1877. Po ashtu p\u00ebr qellime stratgjike me pas u nis\u00ebn n\u00eb aksion nga drejtimi i Dobravod\u00ebs, M\u00ebrkotit e Goran\u00ebs duke djegur e pla\u00e7kitur fshatra t\u00eb t\u00ebra. Por, ata nuk u ndal\u00ebn k\u00ebtu por ia m\u00ebsyn\u00eb edhe An\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit ku me 19.11.1877 n\u00eb vendin e quajtur Rrezigaqe t\u00eb Suka e Hanit n\u00eb Kryth\u00eb u zhvillu nj\u00eb betej\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjakshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb marshim t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb An\u00ebn e Malit ku si qellim kishin p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar tutje p\u00ebr n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr forcat malazeze humben betej\u00ebn dhe u terhoqen p\u00ebr n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Tivarit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb betej\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb nga ana e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane ushtar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb vendas, shkodran\u00eb dhe dibran\u00eb t\u00eb udhehequr nga Mehmet Mlika. Sipas disa burimeve n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Rrezigaq\u00ebs kan\u00eb humbur jet\u00ebn nga ana malazeze 38 ushtar\u00eb e 78 jan\u00eb plagosur, nd\u00ebrsa humbjet e turqve(shqiptar\u00ebve) ishin 71 t\u00eb vdekur dhe 115 t\u00eb l\u00ebnduar. N\u00eb An\u00eb t\u00eb Malit kjo koh\u00eb njihet si \u201cKoha e Shkjaut t\u00eb par\u00eb:\u201dUshtar\u00ebt e vrar\u00eb jan\u00eb varrosur n\u00eb Suk\u00ebn e Hanit, varrez kolektive e cila ekziston edhe sot.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb bombardimi i Tivarit nuk kishte t\u00eb ndalur ku pasojat ishin t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb objekte dhe n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb e cila ishte e vendosur n\u00eb Kala. N\u00eb rrethimin dhe luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtimin e Tivarit kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb pothuaj t\u00eb gjitha batalionet e Malit t\u00eb Zi(rreth 20), p\u00ebrve\u00e7 atyre qe kan\u00eb siguruar pozitat kufitare. Artileria ka qen\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga 4 topa rus e 6 topa turq dhe 8 t\u00eb tjer\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl.Topat e malazez\u00ebve kan\u00eb gjuajtur dit\u00ebn dhe nat\u00ebn duke shkat\u00ebrruar e djegur sht\u00ebpit\u00eb n\u00eb qytet, nd\u00ebrsa bedenet iu kan\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar goditjeve.Ishte kjo nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e papar\u00eb deri at\u00ebher\u00eb ne keto regjione.<\/p>\n

Sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave para rrethimit t\u00eb Tivarit qyteti n\u00eb Kala kishte 3000 banor\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Tivarin Posht\u00eb 5000 banor\u00eb. Por, me t\u00eb filluar lufta u kriu nj\u00eb situat\u00eb dekompozuese e popullsis\u00eb, sepse t\u00eb friguar nga fillimi i luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur shp\u00ebtimin e vet n\u00eb qytet u vendos\u00ebn edhe popullsi nga rrethina e ngusht\u00eb. Banor\u00ebve t\u00eb Tivarit iu kan\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb, m\u00ebrkotas, ulqinak\u00eb e shkodran\u00eb. K\u00ebtij numri duhet shtuar edhe 2800 ushtar\u00eb andaj llogaritet se numri i i banor\u00ebve n\u00eb Kala t\u00eb Tivarit arriti n\u00eb rreth 8000 banor\u00eb. S\u00eb bashku m\u00eb banor\u00ebt n\u00eb kala ishin kryetari i qytetit Ibrahim begu e poashtu edhe Shaban begu e Selim beg Bushati. Pas rezistenc\u00ebs dy mujore, humbjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb njer\u00ebz(250 banor\u00eb dhe 1400 ushtar\u00eb), munges\u00ebs s\u00eb ushqimit dhe shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb uj\u00ebsjellesit, Ibrahim begu pranoj dor\u00ebzimin e qytetit p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb Principat\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi me dat\u00ebn 8 janar 1878, duke n\u00ebnshkruar aktin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ishte kjo nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, sepse gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij rrethimi Tivari mbeti i izoluar, si nga toka dhe nga deti. Edhe pse forcat e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, tentuan disa her\u00eb ti ndihmojn\u00eb Tivarit p\u00ebrmes rrug\u00ebs detare, duke vendosur anijet e tyre me armatime pran\u00eb bregdetit dhe bombarduar caqet malazeze, objektivi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur. N\u00eb lidhje me luftimet p\u00ebr pushtimin e Tivarit Gop\u00e7eviqi shkruan detalisht n\u00eb librin e tij, por me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast po paraqesim pjes\u00ebn e cila ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me procesin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb qytetit ku ai shkruan:<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnia e Tivarit<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb kala pamja ka qen\u00eb e tmerrshme, nga 600 sht\u00ebpi qe kan\u00eb qen\u00eb aty, asnj\u00ebra nuk ka shp\u00ebtuar, me tep\u00ebr se gjysma e tyre jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb hi e pluhur, nd\u00ebrsa disa nd\u00ebrtesa tjera jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnderruar n\u00eb germadha. Por, turqit megjithate kan\u00eb qendruar.(f.333)<\/p>\n

Me kapitullimin e Tivarit (10 janar 1878) p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb tij(N.D.) malazezet kan\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb grumbulll t\u00eb madh germadhash. E t\u00ebra ka qen\u00eb e shkat\u00ebrruar p\u00ebrve\u00e7 azamateve qe iu kan\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar bombardimeve, ku n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb gjetur 2600 banor\u00eb t\u00eb stresuar-kryesisht ga, pleq dhe femij\u00eb.ga meshkujt dhe nj\u00ebsitet kan\u00eb mbetur rreth 1400 t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr luft\u00eb dhe 200 t\u00eb plagosur, nd\u00ebrsa 1200 ushtar\u00eb dhe 400 joluftetar\u00eb kan\u00eb vdekur gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy muajve t\u00eb rrethimit. Jan\u00eb rrembyer topa t\u00eb kalibrit m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb, 6 flamuj, 800 kuintal barut, 2000 pushk\u00eb t\u00eb tipit \u201cmartina\u201d dhe 1100 pushk\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, disa qindra pjes\u00eb t\u00eb armeve t\u00eb vjetra dhe helmeta nga koha mesjetare sllave dhe vendedikase, 1 milion fishek\u00eb p\u00ebr pushk\u00ebn \u201cmartina\u201d dhe me n\u00eb fund ushqim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb muaj dit\u00eb p\u00ebr 4000 ushtar\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu ka r\u00ebn\u00eb kjo vendqendres\u00eb e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, pas nj\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb lavdishme t\u00eb gjat\u00eb\u201d.(f.337).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e zhvilluar p\u00ebr pushtimin e Tivarit dhe r\u00ebnien e tij ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb ndryshme por me ket\u00eb rast po japim dy t\u00eb dh\u00ebna tjera nga autor\u00eb joshqiptar\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu duke qen\u00eb pran\u00eb ushtris\u00eb malazeze gazetari francez Aguste Maylan sjell d\u00ebshmi autentike n\u00eb rrethimin e Tivarit. Ai ne mes tjerash shkrua se:<\/p>\n

\u201cMali i Zi hodhi mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet 10.000 gjyle topi, q\u00eb i pat dh\u00ebn\u00eb Rusia dhe s la gj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb.Qelb\u00ebshin rrug\u00ebt nga kufomat e mbuluara n\u00ebn g\u00ebrmadha. N\u00eb nj\u00eb xhami t\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar u gjet\u00ebn kufomat e 200 grave \u201cmuslimanka\u201d(shqiptare), t\u00eb vdekura nga uria. Kam par\u00eb shum\u00eb rrethime t\u00eb tjera, por s kisha par\u00eb kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb kaq t\u00eb tmerrshme sa ky qytet i mjer\u00eb i Tivarit, ku s ka mbet\u00eb asnj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb…\u201d
\nNd\u00ebrsa po ashtu edhe Antonio Baldacci jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna interesante p\u00ebr Tivarin duke cekur:<\/p>\n

I shkat\u00ebrruar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga nj\u00eb bombardim i gjat\u00eb dhe i vazduesh\u00ebm n\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e vitit 1877, sot \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull rr\u00ebnojash q\u00eb ruhen me kujdes si nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ushtris\u00eb malazeze fitimtare n\u00eb ato dit\u00eb kur e shkat\u00ebrroi qytetin e bombarduar nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt, n\u00eb fillim duke shembur minaret\u00eb dhe xhamit\u00eb, pastaj pallatet e bejler\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb krer\u00ebve mysliman\u00eb, dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetin q\u00eb nuk donte n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohej.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grumbullim kaotik t\u00eb rr\u00ebnojave ngrihen muret e bardha ndar\u00ebse t\u00eb sht\u00ebpive t\u00eb rr\u00ebnuara, si nj\u00eb skelet i heshtur i nj\u00eb t\u00eb kaluare t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer..<\/p>\n

\"\"Foto: 1. Pamje nga qyteti i Tivarit n\u00eb vitin 1877 (para luft\u00ebs)<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"Foto nr. 2. Pamje nga qyteti i Tivarit (1878) pas luft\u00ebs<\/em><\/p>\n

Pas pushtimit t\u00eb Tivarit ushtria malazeze vazhdon me operacionet ushtarake drejt jugut dhe pas nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme Ulqini me 18 janar 1878 bie n\u00ebn sundimin e Malit t\u00eb Zi. Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luftimeve Ulqini \u00ebsht\u00eb djegur, ku ka marr\u00eb flak\u00eb gjysma e qytetit si dhe vet \u00e7arshija.\u00a0Protestat e shqiptar\u00ebve kund\u00ebr aneksimit nga Mali i Zi.<\/p>\n

Ne rrethanat e reja si pasoj\u00eb e pushtimit t\u00eb territoreve t\u00eb tyre shqiptar\u00ebt u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn kryesisht n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr por edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm nga Ulqini b\u00ebh\u00ebt me dije se jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulur 143 familje, e po ashtu edhe nga Tivari, Kraja e Ana e Malit, Podgorica, Spuzha e Zhablaku.<\/p>\n

Ishte kjo koha e ekzodit i cili ka pasur pasoja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb shqiptare. N\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb ngritur z\u00ebrin duke shkruar memorandume, letra e peticione p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsive t\u00eb ndryshme diplomatike, duke treguar gjendjen e tyre momentale dhe d\u00ebshir\u00ebn p\u00ebr tu kthyer n\u00eb vendet e tyre.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb letr\u00ebn e protestuese dor\u00ebzuar ambasadorit francez n\u00eb Stamboll m\u00eb 8 maj 1878, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e kan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar delegat\u00ebt nga Podgorica, Shkodra, Ulqini, Mal\u00ebsia e Tivari thuhet:<\/p>\n

Ne posht\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruarit, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb Podgoric\u00ebs, Spuzh\u00ebs, Zhablakut, Tivarit, Ulqinit dhe rajoneve t\u00eb Grud\u00ebs(Mal\u00ebsia), Kelmendit, Hotit e Kastratit, t\u00eb krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs, kemi nderin t ju drejtohemi shk\u00eblqesis\u00eb Suaj, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kryeqytet Republik\u00ebn Franceze, p\u00ebr ti parashtruar sa vijon:<\/p>\n

Fqinj\u00ebt tan\u00eb malazez\u00eb, me an\u00eb t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme kund\u00ebr qytet\u00ebve tona na kan\u00eb detyruar prej shekujsh t\u00eb jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje mbrojtjeje t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet veprimeve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb egra kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos kemi asnj\u00eb lloj sigurie.<\/p>\n

Ne, katolik\u00ebt e mysliman\u00ebt, v\u00ebllez\u00ebr q\u00eb prej shekujsh dhe q\u00eb jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi interesash e zakonesh, kemi qen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuar p\u00ebr t u rezistuar akteve t\u00eb kusaris\u00eb dhe kemi derdhur lumenj gjaku p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur qytetet dhe fshtarat tona.
\nMir\u00ebpo sot mor\u00ebm vesh nga gazetat se qeveria osmane, duke mos i rezistuar dot presionit t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb u detyrua t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb aneksimin ton\u00eb nga ana e malazezve t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, armiqt tan\u00eb q\u00eb prej kat\u00ebr shekujsh.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb fakti q\u00eb n\u00eb gjirin ton\u00eb ka nj\u00eb pakic\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl sllav\u00ebsh, q\u00eb u takojn\u00eb viseve t\u00eb Podgoric\u00ebs e Tivarit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebnt\u00eb e dhjetave t\u00eb banor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre vendeve jan\u00eb mysliman\u00eb dhe katolik\u00eb. Midis nesh (katolik\u00eb e mysliman\u00eb) dhe malazez\u00ebve nuk ka kurrfar\u00eb lidhjeje n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje feje, kurse ne jemi n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe shqiptar\u00eb si nga feja, ashtu edhe nga gjuha.<\/p>\n

Malazezt\u00eb, duke mos respektuar kushtet e arm\u00ebpushimit dhe duke p\u00ebrbuzur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb zakonet e paq\u00ebs,njer\u00ebzimit dhe qytet\u00ebrimit, u jan\u00eb v\u00ebrsulur pronave tona dhe ullishtave, kan\u00eb pla\u00e7kitur pasurit\u00eb tona, n\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 100.000 lirash , e kan\u00eb keqtrajtuar priftin ton\u00eb, t\u00eb cilin m\u00eb n\u00eb fund edhe e kan\u00eb arrestuar, kan\u00eb djegur me zjarr tempujt tan\u00eb, kan\u00eb detyrua t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bashk\u00ebkomb\u00ebsit tan\u00eb nga 15 deri 70 vje\u00e7 p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sh\u00ebrbimin ushtarak, fakte k\u00ebto t\u00eb pa par\u00eb n\u00eb historit\u00eb e popujve, dhe kan\u00eb arritur deri atje sa edhe grat\u00eb tona i kan\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e luft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

A mund t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb Republika e Franc\u00ebs q\u00eb vende t\u00eb zhvilluara t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb rr\u00ebnoja? Mbeshtetur n\u00eb sa u parashtrua mbi baz\u00ebn e ligjeve t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb civilizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme q\u00eb forcat okupuese t\u00eb largohen prej territoreve tona.
\nNe kemi … ruajtur gjat\u00eb pes\u00eb shekujsh zakonet dhe fen\u00eb ton\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebn dhe komb\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb, prandaj ne protestojm\u00eb pran\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha kund\u00ebr aneksimit t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb nga Mali i Zi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se Evropa… d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimi nga ajo q\u00eb kemi arritur deri m\u00eb sot dhe ka d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb garantoj\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin dhe sigurimin ton\u00eb, si mund t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb aneksimin ton\u00eb nga nj\u00eb vend (tjet\u00ebr)…<\/p>\n

Shkurtimisht, ne shohim rrezikun q\u00eb na k\u00ebrc\u00ebnon dhe sa t\u00eb vdesim nes\u00ebr t\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb skllav\u00ebruar, p\u00eblqejm\u00eb t\u00eb asgj\u00ebsohemi sot duke mbrojtur nderin dhe lirin\u00eb ton\u00eb, prandaj kemi vendosur t\u00eb mos biem n\u00ebn skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb e Malit t\u00eb Zi.
\nLusim q\u00eb shk\u00eblqesia e Juaj t\u00eb ket\u00eb mir\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t ia paraqitur ket\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb ton\u00ebn qeveris\u00eb franceze para se t\u00eb mblidhet Kongresi i Berlinit\u201d.<\/p>\n

Let\u00ebr protestuese edhe nga banor\u00ebt e krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kraj\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb protest\u00eb t\u00eb fshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kraj\u00ebs, t\u00eb d\u00ebbuar prej malazez\u00ebve, drejtuar Grinit konsullit t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera thuhet:\u201d Ne t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruarit, kryetar\u00ebt e dymbdhjet\u00eb familjeve fatkeqe… jemi prej fshatrave t\u00eb K\u00ebshtenj\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Martiqit n\u00eb Kraj\u00eb. Q\u00eb kur Mali i Zi i ka pushtuar, shkat\u00ebrruar dhe djegur shatrat tona dhe pasurin\u00eb ton\u00eb, ne kemi ardhur n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, ku b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb mjerueshme…N\u00eb fillim qeveria na caktoi nj\u00eb sasi misri p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer familjet tona fatkeqe edhe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb num\u00ebr. Ky mis\u00ebr, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebsonte vuajtjet e tyre, i shtoi edhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sepse, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos vdekur urie, k\u00ebto familje e p\u00ebprdor\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb mis\u00ebr t\u00eb kalbur dhe t\u00eb prishur…<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto familje vdiqen nga misri i kalbur. Nga ky shkak brenda nj\u00eb kohe fare t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr vdiq\u00ebn 240 vet\u00eb nga ata q\u00eb kishin ardhur prej krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb shkret\u00ebruar t\u00eb Kraj\u00ebs, ku kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb vatrat e tyre dhe ishin kthyer n\u00eb njer\u00ebz pa sht\u00ebpi… Ndodhemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mjerueshme dhe t\u00eb vajtueshme. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj gjendjeje t\u00eb mjerueshme ne kemi vendosur t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb fshatrat tona p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar dhe nxjerr\u00eb buk\u00ebn e goj\u00ebs. P\u00ebrndryshe, po t\u00eb zgjatim q\u00ebndrimin ton\u00eb k\u00ebtu, pa streh\u00eb dhe pa ushqim do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebsojm\u00eb fatin e shok\u00ebve tan\u00eb tash t\u00eb vdekur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Gjendja nuk ishte m\u00eb e mir\u00eb as n\u00eb Ulqin. Pas r\u00ebnies n\u00ebn Mal t\u00eb Zi(18 janar 1878), Ulqinin e l\u00ebshuan 143 familje, duke u vendos\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr.Theksohet se n\u00eb Tivar e Ulqin autoritetet malazeze konfiskojn\u00eb bereqetin e tokave t\u00eb atyre qe kishin ikur.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb raportin e konsullit anglez n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, Grin, drejtuar qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb vet, me 12 prill 1878, b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr Ulqinin ne mes tjerash duke cekur se \u201c… tre mij\u00eb banor\u00eb t\u00eb Ulqinit jan\u00eb thjesht\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb. Kufiri natyror i propozuar me rrjedh\u00ebn e Bun\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb pranohet nga ulqinak\u00ebt…\u201d<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb raportin e ambasadorit t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs n\u00eb Stamboll, Furnie, d\u00ebrguar ministrit t\u00eb Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, Vadingtonit, pos tjerash theksohet, \u201c… M u dor\u00ebzua nga Jusuf Efendiu, nj\u00ebri nga deputet\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb parlamentit t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb, nj\u00eb protest\u00eb e bashkatdhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij…Tivarit dhe Ulqinit… ku ishin kund\u00ebr aneksimit t\u00eb tyre nga ana e Malit t\u00eb Zi. Ata do t\u00eb rezistojn\u00eb…\u201d.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu ndaj sundimit t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi treguan mospajtim edhe katolik\u00ebt e Kraj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu n\u00eb nj\u00eb memorandum d\u00ebrguar Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha me 16 qershor 1878 gjenden n\u00ebnshkrimet e tet\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve nga Shestani. Midis tjerash n\u00eb at\u00eb memorandum shkruhet:\u201cNe ju lutemi q\u00eb ta mbroni t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb nacionale dhe territoriale\u201d. Duhet cekur me ket\u00eb rast se n\u00ebnshkruesit jan\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb konfesionit katolik\u00eb e mysliman\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pjese t\u00eb krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kraj\u00ebs, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmon qasjen unike ndaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjes komb\u00ebtare shqiptare nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e popullit pa dallim feje e krahine.<\/p>\n

Dekompozimi territorial sipas Traktatit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit dhe Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeve paraprake Paqja e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit n\u00eb mes Rusis\u00eb dhe Perandoris\u00eb Osmane u n\u00ebnshkrua me 3 mars 1878. Rusia b\u00ebri \u00e7mos dhe mbeshteti aleatet ballkanik, duke i siguruar Malit t\u00eb Zi zgjerim territorial, dalje n\u00eb det duke legjitimuar aneksimin e territoreve shqiptare.<\/p>\n

Por, Anglia dhe Austro-Hungaria me koh\u00eb e kishin sinjalizuar Rusin\u00eb se nuk do t\u00eb pranonin kurrfar\u00eb paqeje q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me interesat e tyre. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb Traktat politik sipas interesave sllave t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Rusia p\u00ebr dominimin e saj gjeopolitik n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore. K\u00ebshtu n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefan u muar vendim q\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs etnogjeografike shqiptare t’i jepeshin Serbis\u00eb, Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Bullgaris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu Malit t\u00eb Zi i jepeshin Ulqini, Tivari, Kraja, Ana e Malit, Hoti, Gruda, Kelmendi, Vermoshi, Plava, Gucia, Rugova etj.(neni 1). M\u00eb nj\u00ebher\u00eb u vendos p\u00ebr formimin e Komisionit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs p\u00ebr caktimin e vij\u00ebs kufitare n\u00eb mes Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Turqis\u00eb. Por, duhet theksuar se deri n\u00eb Kongresin e Berlinit, mbi kufijt\u00eb n\u00eb mes Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur marr\u00ebveshje e detajuar dhe globale.<\/p>\n

Traktati i Sh\u00ebn Stefanit ishte vep\u00ebr e Rusis\u00eb dhe aleat\u00ebve t\u00eb saj ballkanik\u00eb, dhe si i till\u00eb ishte akt nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar q\u00eb konfrontoi interesat e Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha dhe sh\u00ebnoi fillimin e cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb trevave shqiptare n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb monarkive ballkanike. Ishte pik\u00ebrisht ky Traktat i cili u b\u00eb shkak p\u00ebr\u00e7arjesh e grindjesh t\u00eb thella e t\u00eb zgjatura midis popujve t\u00eb Ballkanit, u b\u00eb nxitje p\u00ebr luft\u00ebra t\u00eb reja e m\u00eb t\u00eb tmerrshme. Nga ky Traktat dual qart\u00eb se Perandoria Osmane nuk ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ruante t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj tok\u00ebsore n\u00eb Gadishullin Ballkanik, por m\u00eb tep\u00ebr , do t i detyronte shqiptar\u00ebt t\u00eb paguanin me tokat e tyre p\u00ebr disfat\u00ebn q\u00eb ajo kishte p\u00ebsuar. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb Traktati i Sh\u00ebn Stefanit nxori n\u00eb shesh t\u00ebr\u00eb politik\u00ebn grabitqare, rrezikun e madh t\u00eb cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb tokave shqiptare si dhe interesat gjeopolitike t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore.<\/p>\n

Por, vendimet e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit mbet\u00ebn vet\u00ebm n\u00eb let\u00ebr, sepse me nj\u00eb projekt t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk u pajtuan Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha evropiane rivale t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat nuk mund ta lejonin dominimin e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan. Ato k\u00ebrkuan q\u00eb t\u00eb rishqyrtoheshin t\u00eb gjitha holl\u00ebsit\u00eb e Paqes s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit.<\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb lidhje me ket\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje Austro-Hungaria, q\u00eb me 6 mars 1878 dha propozimin q\u00eb t\u00eb thirret Kongresi n\u00eb Berlin. Po ashtu edhe Anglia ishte kund\u00ebr vendimeve t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit dhe me 1 prill 1878 u d\u00ebrgoi not\u00eb shtet\u00ebve n\u00ebnshkruese t\u00eb Kontrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Parisit (1856) dhe Konvent\u00ebs s\u00eb Londr\u00ebs(1871), duke parashtruar t\u00ebr\u00eb problematik\u00ebn dhe arsyet e thirjes s\u00eb Kongresit. Rusia u frigua nga situata e kriuar dhe iu p\u00ebrgjigj me Memorandumin e dat\u00ebs 9 prill 1878, duke theksuar se vendimet e Paq\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit mund t\u00eb korigjohen prej Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha. Pas marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb fshehta, Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb fitonin benificione t\u00eb tjera duke siguruar edhe pjes\u00eb nga territoret q\u00eb mbante Turqia, definitivisht u p\u00ebrcaktuan ta thirnin Kongresin e Berlinit me 13 qershor 1878.<\/p>\n

Duke par\u00eb intrigat e Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha dhe rrezikimin e t\u00ebr\u00ebsis\u00eb tok\u00ebsore shqipatre, shqiptar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn formimin e nj\u00eb organizate politike e cila do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb interes t\u00eb popullit shqiptar. Pik\u00ebrisht me 10 qershor 1878, n\u00eb Prizren u themelu Lidhja Shqiptare e Prizrenit. Kuveni i Lidhjes vendosi t\u00eb njoftonte Kongresin e Berlinit, q\u00eb do t\u00eb mblidhej me 13 qershor, q\u00eb mos ti jepte asnj\u00eb pjes\u00eb toke nga atdheu i shqiptar\u00ebve ndonj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb huaj, se shqiptar\u00ebt do t\u00eb luftonin p\u00ebr ti mbrojtur.<\/p>\n

Kongresi i Berlinit i zhvilloi punimet nga 13 qershori deri me 13 korrik 1878, ku moren pjes\u00eb gjasht\u00eb Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha: Anglia, Gjermania, Franca, Italia, Austro-Hungaria dhe Rusia. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e Turqis\u00eb nuk kishin t\u00eb drejta m\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e shtet\u00ebve ballkanike kishin t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet e qeverive t\u00eb tyre. Ndon\u00ebse shqiptar\u00ebt i d\u00ebrguan Kongresit meomrandume, letra e peticione kund\u00ebr cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb territoreve shqiptare ata nuk u moren fare parasysh.Ky kongres kishte si mision p\u00ebr t\u00eb rishikuar vendimet e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit, pra p\u00ebr hartimin e nj\u00eb harte t\u00eb re politike n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore, sipas interesave t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu n\u00eb ket\u00eb kongres u vendos q\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi ti jepen ato territore t\u00eb cilat ishin definuar n\u00eb Traktatin e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit, duke filluar n\u00eb jug nga Tivari, Podgorica, Zhablaku, Spuzha Plav\u00ebn dhe Gucin\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Ulqini do t\u00eb mbetej n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Ishin k\u00ebto vendime t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb nenin 28 t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Berlinit, nd\u00ebrsa i mbetej komisionit p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj n\u00eb terren kufrin n\u00eb mes Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Turqis\u00eb. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb Kongresi i Berlinit i dhuroi Malit t\u00eb Zi territore q\u00eb as historikisht, as etnikisht nuk i kan\u00eb takuar asnj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ishin k\u00ebto vendime arbitrare t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha duke mos e marr\u00eb fare parasysh parimin etnik pra t\u00eb komb\u00ebsis\u00eb, por n\u00eb shprehje kan\u00eb ardh\u00eb interesat gjeopolitike t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb popullit shqiptar\u00eb. Ishte ky fillimi i rrudhosjes s\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs etnogjeografike shqiptare, dhe zvoglimit demografik, pasoja k\u00ebto q\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb dekadat q\u00eb do t\u00eb pasojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb pas \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Ulqinit q\u00eb paraqet rast t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb diplomatik nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, duke ren\u00eb viktim\u00eb e pazarlleqeve t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha. Dihet se n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb vendimeve t\u00eb Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit u vendos qe Ulqini ti mbes Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb-p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, andaj ushtria malazeze \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr me 8.2.1879. Por Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha, ne kompensim p\u00ebr Plav\u00ebn e Gucin\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Hotin e Grud\u00ebn, b\u00ebn presion diplomatik dhe ushtarak ndaj Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, e cila ia dor\u00ebzoj Ulqinin Malit t\u00eb Zi n\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 1880, edhe pse shqiptar\u00ebt luftuan aq sa kishin mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb toksore shqiptare. K\u00ebto ngjarje historike populli i ka pasqyruar n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e sakrific\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar p\u00ebr liri n\u00eb trojet e veta.<\/p>\n

Se si ka ndryshuar madh\u00ebsia e territorit t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat se para Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit Principata e Malit t\u00eb Zi e kishte sip\u00ebrfaqen 4.400 km2, nd\u00ebrsa pas Kongresit ajo u dyfishua n\u00eb 8.665 km2. Ky zgjerim u b\u00eb n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb nenit 28. t\u00eb Kongresit t\u00eb Berlinit.
\nNd\u00ebrsa pas vitit 1880, kur iu dor\u00ebzu Ulqini Malit t\u00eb Zi nga ana e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane dhe me disa ndryshimeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb vogla territoriale sip\u00ebrfaqa e Malit t\u00eb Zi arriti n\u00eb 9.475 km2. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna num\u00ebrike flasin qart\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi Mali i Zi po ashtu qellim ka pasur zgjerimin territorial q\u00eb u arrit me mbeshtetjen diplomatike t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha e ate kryesisht t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, duke krijuar hart\u00ebn e re politike t\u00eb Ballkanit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundim<\/strong>
\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e prezentuara nga S.Gop\u00e7eviqi, d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna autentike sepse ai ishte d\u00ebshmitar okular i ngjarjeve t\u00eb zhvilluara rreth Tivarit, dhe n\u00eb regjionin bregdetar. Por k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna v\u00ebrtetohen edhe nga burime t\u00eb tjera nga literatura e konsultuar enkas p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje historike. Esht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjet\u00ebr se ai ishte p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebs i pushtetit malazias t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, por ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebna objektive n\u00eb lidhje me operacionet luftarake t\u00eb zhvilluara n\u00eb Tivar si dhe n\u00eb regjion.<\/p>\n

Madje ky \u00ebsht\u00eb autori i vet\u00ebm sllav i cili viset shqiptare t\u00eb aneksuara nga Mali i Zi i quan pa komplekse vise shqiptare sipas nahijave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Madje mendoj s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht kjo arsyeja qe ky autor nuk citohet pothuaj aspak nga autor\u00ebt sllav ne studimet e tyre,kur trajtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb till\u00eb. Sepse sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb publikuara del qart\u00eb se autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje i jan\u00eb qasur sipas interesave t\u00eb politik\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore, duke arsyetuar aspiratat ekspansioniste t\u00eb monarkive ballkanike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs qe u legjitimuan nga Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha n\u00eb Kongresin e Berlinit(1878).<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat qe na ofron autori del qart\u00eb se populli shqiptar luftoi me aq sa pati mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb tok\u00ebsore shqiptare por ishte e pamundur t\u00eb rezistohej m\u00eb tep\u00ebr duke marr\u00eb parasysh rrethanat ushtarake e gjeopolitike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.
\nAndaj ne t\u00eb ardhmen \u00e7do tem\u00eb apo studim qe ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ne lidhje me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e Tivarit n\u00eb vitet 1877-78 duhet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb merret n\u00eb konsiderim edhe libri i S.Gop\u00e7eviqit, duke qen\u00eb referenc\u00eb e domosdoshme n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn historike.<\/p>\n

Literatura<\/strong>:
\n1. Spiridon Gop\u010devi\u0107, Crnogorski-turski rat 1876-1878, Vojno delo, Beograd 1963
\n2. Zlokovi\u0107, Ignjatije: Spiridon Gop\u010devi\u0107, Godi\u0161njak Pomorskog muzeja u Kotoru, br. 15, Kotor, 1967., str. 147-165.
\n3.Emekli General I.Halil Sedes, Osmanli-Karadag Seferi, Istanbul 1936
\n4. Antonio Baldacci, Rrug\u00ebtime shqiptare(1892-1902), Botoi:Argeta LGM, Tiran\u00eb 2004
\n5. Hajrudin Muja, Ulqini dhe Tivari nd\u00ebrmjet krisht\u00ebrimit dhe islamit, Botoi: LOGOS-A, Shkup 2009
\n6. Grup autor\u00ebsh, Bar grad pod Rumijom, Botoi: Izbor, Bar 1984
\n7, Gjok\u00eb Dabaj, SHESTANI-studim filologjik gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs I-II, Botoi: \u201cGjon Buzuku\u201d, Ulqin-Tiran\u00eb-Prishtin\u00eb, 2004
\n8. Gjok\u00eb Dabaj, E kaluara e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e Arqipeshkvis\u00eb s\u00eb Tivarit, Botoi: Art Club, Ulqin 2014
\n9. Akte t\u00eb Rilindjes Komb\u00ebtare Shqiptare 1878-1912, Botoi: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, Tiran\u00eb 1978
\n10. Nail Draga, Shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi, Botoi: Art Club, Ulqin 1994
\n11. Fejtoni n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn Pobjeda, janar 1980
\n12. Riza Rexha, Ulqini n\u00eb vitet e Lidhjes Shqiptare t\u00eb Prizrenit(1878-1881), Botoi: Art Club, Ulqin 1998
\n13. Xhevat Repishti, Isuf Sokoli dhe lufta per mbrojtjen e Ulqinit, Tirane 1978
\n14. K\u00ebng\u00eb popullore nga Rilindja Komb\u00ebtare Shqiptare, IAP, Prishtin\u00eb 1978
\n15. Novak Ra\u017enatovi\u0107, Crna Gora i Berlinski kongres, Titograd 1979
\n16. Iljaz Rexha, Memorandumi i Abdyl Frash\u00ebrit kund\u00ebr vendimeve t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit, Lemba nr.18-19\/2014
\n17. Muhamet Pirraku, Roli i myderris Jusuf Efendi Podgoric\u00ebs p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes shqiptare para dhe gjat\u00eb LSHP-s\u00eb, Lemba nr.11\/2007
\n18. Andrija Jovi\u0107evi\u0107, Crnogorsko primorje i Krajina, SKA, Beograd 1922
\n19. Safet Band\u017eovi\u0107, Iseljavanje muslimana Crne Gore u Tursku, knj.I, Podgorica, 2011
\n20. Shaqir Ismaili, Bojku n\u00eb An\u00eb t\u00eb Malit, Art Club, Ulqin 2011
\n21. Xhafer Belegu, Lidhja Shqiptare e Prizrenit, Tiran\u00eb 1939
\n22. Skend\u00ebr Rizaj, \u00c7\u00ebshtja e Plav\u00ebs, Gucis\u00eb, Hotit, Grud\u00ebs dhe Ulqinit, LEMBA nr.1\/1999<\/p>\n

LUFTA P\u00cbR TIVARIN SIPAS S. GOP\u00c7EVIQIT<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deri m\u00eb tash ngjarjet p\u00ebr Tivarin p\u00ebr vit\u00ebt 1877\/78 jan\u00eb trajtuar nga autor t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm duke ofruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb trajtohen n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte, var\u00ebsisht nga qasja e tyre profesionale. Por n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb autor i cili pothuaj ka mbetur i panjohur p\u00ebr opinion e gjer\u00eb, dhe si i till\u00eb nuk citohet fare nga studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, sidomos t\u00eb ata sllav, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rast p\u00ebr hulumtim, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se libri i tij mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtimin e k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje ne k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore.<\/em><\/p>\n

Fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr autorin Spiridon Gop\u00e7eviq (1855-1937) i cili k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ka trajtuar me shum\u00eb kompetenc\u00eb n\u00eb librin Crnogorski turski rat 1876-1878, botuar n\u00eb Beograd t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn serbe n\u00eb vitin 1963 nga sht\u00ebpia botuese Vojno dello. Libri ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes nga vet fakti se autori ka qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar okular i ngjarjeve, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rast i rrall\u00eb p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn duke ofruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna autentike, n\u00eb aspektin ushtarak por edhe ate gjeopolitik n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb regjion. Ngjarjet e trajtuara jan\u00eb n\u00eb kontekstin e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi kund\u00ebr Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, ku Mali i Zi luftonte p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi por edhe p\u00ebr zgjerim territorial.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Tivarit e cila zgjati rreth dy muaj(15.11.1877-8.1.1878) ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebna interesante duke cekur se ajo ishte e p\u00ebrgjakshme me shum\u00eb viktima n\u00eb popullsi civile dhe ushtar\u00eb, duke e shkat\u00ebrruar pothuaj t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht Kalan\u00eb e qytetit, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet me germadhat e mbetura edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. R\u00ebnia e Tivarit n\u00ebn pushtetin e Malit t\u00eb Zi si dhe disa viseve tjera shqiptare u legjitimua me bekimin e interesave t\u00eb Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha n\u00eb Kongresin e Berlinit(1878), duke mos marr\u00eb parasysh parimin etnik t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb territoret p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/em><\/p>\n

Qasja e tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje historike mbetet burim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb ta trajtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje pa subjektiviz\u00ebm e improvizime, por n\u00eb realittein e rrethanave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Nail Draga* Hyrje N\u00eb lidhje mbi ngjarjet e zhvilluara n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn kohore t\u00eb Kriz\u00ebs Lindore(1875\/78) deri me tash jan\u00eb publikuar studime t\u00eb ndryshme nga autor vendas dhe t\u00eb huaj. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb kontekstit gjeopolitik t\u00eb koh\u00ebs Principata e Malit t\u00eb Zi par\u00ebsore kishte projektin e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb se vendit nga Perandoria […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nLUFTA P\u00cbR TIVARIN SIPAS S. 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