{"id":23652,"date":"2018-02-09T23:02:33","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T22:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=23652"},"modified":"2019-12-12T19:20:34","modified_gmt":"2019-12-12T18:20:34","slug":"ne-has-u-lind-profesioni-i-bukes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ne-has-u-lind-profesioni-i-bukes\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00cb HAS U LIND PROFESIONI I BUK\u00cbS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Etnografi<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak se Hasi \u00ebsht\u00eb vis kodrinoro-shk\u00ebmbor, banor\u00ebt e k\u00ebsaj krahine gjithnj\u00eb jan\u00eb ballafaquar me munges\u00eb t\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb buk\u00ebs. Ata, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj mungese jetike, e m\u00ebsuan zanatin e buk\u00ebs. Sipas nj\u00eb dokumenti t\u00eb viteve 1.700 del se ky profesion \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur mikpritja hasjane me \u201cBuk\u00eb e kryp\u00eb e zem\u00ebr\u201d. Nga viti i kaluar n\u00eb Zym t\u00eb Hasit u lind manifestimi kulturor-trash\u00ebgimor \u201cDita e buk\u00ebs zymjane\u201d.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Shkruan: Frrok KRISTAJ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shpatijet e Hasit t\u00eb That\u00eb, t\u00eb Komun\u00ebs s\u00eb Prizrenit, por edhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb Hasit t\u00eb Komun\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjakov\u00ebs, kan\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebn e hirit – ngjyr\u00ebn e gurit, ngjyr\u00ebn e that\u00ebsis\u00eb. Edhe Zymi, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb diku n\u00eb mesin e k\u00ebtij rajoni, i ka karakteristikat e Hasit. \u00cbsht\u00eb i that\u00eb dhe i mbuluar me gur\u00eb e me ngjyr\u00eb that\u00ebsie.<\/p>\n

Prodhimet e hasjan\u00ebve nga brum\u00ebrat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zymjan\u00ebt, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht hasjan\u00ebt, me familjet e tyre m\u00eb koh\u00eb kishin gatuar e prodhuar buk\u00eb n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb fakt, nga brum\u00ebrat e grunjta (grurit) zymjan\u00ebt kan\u00eb gatuar buk\u00eb poga\u00e7e, buk\u00eb poga\u00e7e p\u00ebr t\u00eb bekuar (p\u00ebr Fest\u00ebn e Pashk\u00ebve), buk\u00eb poga\u00e7e apo si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur edhe ndryshe buk\u00eb nore (n\u00eb prush, n\u00eb hi e n\u00eb \u00e7erep), buk\u00eb simite, buk\u00eb mrume me maje t\u00eb thart\u00eb, kule\u00e7\u00eb (kula\u00e7i i buzmit (m\u00eb i madh), kule\u00e7\u00eb p\u00ebr pjestar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes dhe t\u00eb farefisit, p\u00ebr bija, si dhe kula\u00e7i i nuses, buk\u00eb thekre, buk\u00eb elbi, t\u00ebrhan (trohan \u2013 troha), petulla, pite, pite me lakra t\u00eb rasojta, pite me rrath – kallpite, n\u00ebrpet\u00eb, n\u00ebrpet\u00eb me arra, pite me kullosht\u00ebr \u2013 p\u00ebrpe\u00e7, ose p\u00ebrpe\u00e7 me imitim t\u00eb kulloshtr\u00ebs, q\u00eb b\u00ebhet me vez\u00eb e qum\u00ebsht, fli (i grunjt\u00eb dhe i mis\u00ebrt), fli me pet\u00eb t\u00eb shtrira n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb tepsin\u00eb, fli me petlla, lakror (me lakra t\u00eb egra, q\u00eb mblidhen n\u00ebp\u00ebr livadhe), lakror me hith\u00ebra, \u00e7ull, ka\u00e7amak, pa\u00e7amur, krelan\u00eb, kungullor, le\u00e7enik e t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

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Llojet e tharmit t\u00eb buk\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Buk\u00ebt kryesisht jan\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00eb me maje (me tharm\u00eb). Dikur zakonisht maja e buk\u00ebs formohej nga \u201ckumshti\u201d i thartuar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrzihej me pak miell, q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb pritej nj\u00eb koh\u00eb \u201cme ardh\u00eb\u201d dhe pastaj \u2013 t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, t\u00eb gatuhej buka. P\u00ebr p\u00ebrgatitjen e tharmit (majes), Pjet\u00ebr Bogdani na ofron t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat se \u201cmaja\u201d e buk\u00ebs punohej nga l\u00ebvorja e breut, e cila zihej e pastaj me at\u00eb materie p\u00ebrfitohej maja e buk\u00ebs. Maja duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebrihej disa her\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gatuhej buka mrume, q\u00eb ishte nga gruri. N\u00eb fakt, maja \u00ebsht\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00eb edhe me materi t\u00eb tjera (me mel). Nd\u00ebrkaq, maja p\u00ebr buk\u00ebt simite \u00ebsht\u00eb punuar me disa kokrra t\u00eb \u00e7i\u00e7rr\u00ebs (eblebis\u00eb) apo me fasule. Kokrrat e \u00e7i\u00e7rr\u00ebs apo t\u00eb fasules vendoseshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb shishe t\u00eb vog\u00ebl qelqi q\u00eb njihej me emrin bardak. N\u00eb shishe mbi copat e \u00e7i\u00e7r\u00ebs apo t\u00eb fasules qitej uj\u00eb i v\u00ebluar dhe k\u00ebshtu bardaku vendosej n\u00eb krunde apo miell t\u00eb grunjt p\u00ebr t\u2019ia mbajtur temperatur\u00ebn e nevojshme dhe k\u00ebshtu pritej derisa vinte maja. Kur vinte maja p\u00ebrzihej me pak miell q\u00eb t\u00eb vinte p\u00ebrs\u00ebri (maja), e m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb shtohej maja me miell dhe n\u00eb fund gatuheshin buk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Zeja e furrtaris\u00eb daton para vitit 1700<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes shk\u00ebmbore t\u00eb viseve t\u00eb Hasit, edhe n\u00eb Zym blegtoria e vreshtaria, si profesione t\u00eb hasjan\u00ebve, nuk i plot\u00ebsonin k\u00ebrkesat e zymjan\u00ebve apo t\u00eb hasjan\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb popullata zymjane apo hasjane ekonomin\u00eb jet\u00ebsore ta orientoj\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb zejes s\u00eb buk\u00ebpjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, apo, si\u00e7 e quanin dikur, \u201ckah zanati i grave\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Do p\u00ebrmendur se banor\u00ebt e fshatit Zym t\u00eb Hasit t\u00eb That\u00eb dikur jetonin nga vreshtaria e blegtoria, kurse m\u00eb pas u dhan\u00eb pas zej\u00ebs s\u00eb buk\u00ebpjek\u00ebsis\u00eb. Thon\u00eb se n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb tok\u00ebs s\u00eb buk\u00ebs, e m\u00ebsuan zanatin e buk\u00ebs.
\nAta kishin gatuar buk\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb Gadishullin Ilirik (tash Ballkan). Bile m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ishin koncentruar n\u00eb Nish. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet kishin qen\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 25 dyqane furr\u00ebtar\u00ebsh nga Zymi. Bile, thuhet se nj\u00eb i ri e paska pyetur t\u00eb et se n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019gjuh\u00eb flisnit furr\u00ebtar\u00ebt zymjan\u00eb n\u00eb Nish, kurse babai i kishte treguar se flisnin kryesisht shqip, ngase shum\u00eb banor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij qyteti (Nishit) asokohe ishin shqiptar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Furra e par\u00eb u hap n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Laz\u00ebr Seb\u00eb Prekpalajt<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Zym shitorja e par\u00eb me mallra t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier ishte hapur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Ndue Laz\u00ebr K\u00ebrhanajt (rreth vitit 1925), kurse m\u00eb pas shitore e till\u00eb ishte hapur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Gjergj Pal K\u00ebrhanajt n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kishte punuar Tush Dejhalla, por edhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. M\u00eb von\u00eb shitore ishte hapur edhe n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Geg\u00eb Nok\u00eb Prekpalajt (raftet e t\u00eb cilit dyqan, ku i kan\u00eb vendosur artikujt e nevojsh\u00ebm, ruhen edhe sot), pastaj shitore kishte hapur edhe Joz\u00eb Pjet\u00ebr Dulaj. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shitore njihet edhe Granapi i Laz\u00ebr Seb\u00eb Prekpalajt, ku n\u00eb fillim kishte punuar nj\u00eb shit\u00ebs i njohur me emrin Petrush, e m\u00eb pastaj aty punoi Sahit Reshyt Tanushaj. Do p\u00ebrmendur se n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Granapit ishte hapur edhe furra e par\u00eb n\u00eb Zym, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Has. N\u00eb at\u00eb furr\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar Sherif Muharrem e Limon Avdi \u00c7o\u00e7aj e Iliaz Adem Kabashi, q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nga fshati Gjonaj, pastaj Hazer Ahmet \u00c7ollaku e Geg\u00eb Llesh Prekpalaj, nga Zymi. N\u00eb at\u00eb furr\u00eb kishte punuar edhe vet\u00eb pronari – Bib\u00eb Laz\u00ebr Prekpalaj.<\/p>\n

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M\u00eb von\u00eb shitore \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb lokal t\u00eb Elez \u00c7ollakut, ku punonte Ded\u00eb Frrok Dulaj, pastaj Mark Gjin Dulaj, q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nga Zymi, si dhe Qazim Kamber \u00c7o\u00e7aj (nga Gjonaj). Kjo shitore, tash m\u00eb e zgjeruar, \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive edhe sot. N\u00eb t\u00eb tash punon Sytki \u00c7ollaku me familje.
\nN\u00eb Zym furra e dyt\u00eb e buk\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur n\u00eb vitet 1959\/60. At\u00eb e kishte hapur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e vet Mark Frrok K\u00ebrhanaj. N\u00eb fillim ai kishte punuar vet, kurse m\u00eb von\u00eb aty punoi Dod\u00eb Nika e Kol\u00eb Laz\u00ebr K\u00ebrhanaj, pastaj Fran\u00eb Kol\u00eb Kajtazi, Joz\u00eb Lekaj, Noz Fran\u00eb Marklushaj e Hazer Ahmet \u00c7ollaku.<\/p>\n

Monumentalizimi i \u201cGurit t\u00eb kurbet\u00e7arit\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhe tash zymjan\u00ebt, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht hasjan\u00ebt, e ushtrojn\u00eb zejen e t\u00eb punuarit t\u00eb buk\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb. Bile, sipas studiuesit Nikoll\u00eb K\u00ebrhanaj, del se imzot Pjet\u00ebr Karagiqi, nga Novob\u00ebrda (tash Artana), ipeshkv i Ipeshkvis\u00eb Shkup-Prizren, ipeshkvi kjo e strehuar n\u00eb Zym t\u00eb Hasit (1702-1752), n\u00eb vitin 1702 i kishte d\u00ebrguar raport Propagand\u00ebs Fide n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, ku thuhet se besimtar\u00ebt e Zymit, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb jan\u00eb blegtor\u00eb e vreshtar\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, jan\u00eb edhe furr\u00ebxhinj t\u00eb zellsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

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Profesionin e gatimit t\u00eb buk\u00ebs para disa vitesh zyjman\u00ebt e kan\u00eb monumentalizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gur q\u00eb e simbolizon rrug\u00ebn e kurbetit, pra me \u201cGurin e kurbet\u00e7arit\u201d. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb mbar\u00eb viset etnike shqiptare, i vetmi vend q\u00eb i bashkon, i nderon dhe i p\u00ebrkujton kurbet\u00e7ar\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb Zymi i Hasit t\u00eb That\u00eb. Si\u00e7 do t\u00eb thoshte shkrimtari e studiuesi Prend Buzhala, \u201cm\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa akt kulturor, lapidari \u2018Guri i kurbet\u00e7arit\u2019, q\u00eb identifikohet me manifestimin kulturoro-trash\u00ebgimor \u2018Dita e buk\u00ebs zymjane\u2019, \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kujtes\u00ebs popullore, pjes\u00eb e kujtes\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrjetimeve dhe e ngjarjeve q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur p\u00ebrtej fatit historik t\u00eb atdheut, vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ta mbijetuar situat\u00ebn n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb vetvetes, e p\u00ebr mbajtje t\u00eb familjes\u201d.<\/p>\n

Me furrtari filloi ngritja e m\u00ebrgat\u00ebs shqiptare <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zymjan\u00ebt, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht hasjan\u00ebt, duke servuar buk\u00eb taze n\u00ebp\u00ebr qendra t\u00eb ndryshme jasht\u00eb trojeve etnike shqiptare, ngrit\u00ebn themelet e para t\u00eb m\u00ebrgat\u00ebs shqiptare t\u00eb krijuar nga kurbet\u00e7ar\u00ebt e jo nga t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulurit nga luft\u00ebrat e ndryshme, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb themelet e m\u00ebrgat\u00ebs shqiptare i kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb buk\u00ebpjek\u00ebsit hasjan\u00eb, q\u00eb e kultivuan profesionin m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr \u2013 profesionin e gatimit t\u00eb buk\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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Kurbet\u00e7ar\u00ebt buk\u00ebpjek\u00ebs t\u00eb Hasit jan\u00eb t\u00eb prirur p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrshtatur popullat\u00ebs nikoqire ku punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ta siguruar kafshat\u00ebn e goj\u00ebs. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kurbet\u00e7ar\u00ebt e Hasit shk\u00ebputen nga vendlindja. \u00cbsht\u00eb krejt e natyrshme se gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb kurbet, si konstaton Nikoll\u00eb K\u00ebrhanaj, \u201cb\u00ebhen p\u00ebrzierje gjuh\u00ebsh\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, dashuria ndaj gjuh\u00ebs amtare, por edhe ndaj atdheut, q\u00eb identifikohen me \u201cGjuh\u00ebn e zemr\u00ebs\u201d, iponuan edhe lindjen e \u201cGjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb buk\u00ebs\u201d. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se \u201cGjuha e zemr\u00ebs\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e fjalorit t\u00eb vendlindjes, sepse ajo krijohet p\u00ebr ta ruajtur e kultivuar gjuh\u00ebn amtare, pra gjuh\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore e etnokulturore brenda kombit, kurse \u201cGjuha e buk\u00ebs\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e mjedisit ku punojn\u00eb kurbet\u00e7ar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

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