{"id":30925,"date":"2018-07-09T02:07:56","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T00:07:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=30925"},"modified":"2018-07-09T02:07:56","modified_gmt":"2018-07-09T00:07:56","slug":"misteri-i-profecise-i-hijes-se-tirezias-per-uliksin-zbuluesin-e-botes-se-re","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/misteri-i-profecise-i-hijes-se-tirezias-per-uliksin-zbuluesin-e-botes-se-re\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMISTERI I PROFECIS\u00cb I HIJES S\u00cb TIREZIAS\u201d P\u00cbR ULIKSIN \u201cZBULUESIN E BOT\u00cbS S\u00cb RE\u201d\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" Nga Agron Luka<\/strong><\/p>\n

Homeri p\u00ebrball\u00eb Ovidit dhe Dantes: Vdekja e \u00ebmb\u00ebl e eksploratorit Uliks dhe e ekuipazhit t\u00eb tij, n\u00eb \u201cishullkontinentin Atlantida\u201d (Odiseja, K\u00ebnga XI) \u2013 dhe mbytje fundosja e tij fatzez\u00eb megjith ekupiazh n\u00eb Oqeanin jugor Atlantik dhe rid\u00ebnimi n\u00eb Ferr (Ovidi, Metamorfozat,19; Dante, Ferri, K\u00ebnga XXVI).<\/p>\n

1. Sot dhe dje\u2026!<\/strong>
\nMe nj\u00eb celular Samsung 6, direkt edhe nga kafia e m\u00ebngjezit, shkruan n\u00eb google (italisht ose anglisht): \u201cLa morte di Ulisse secondo Omero\u201d, shkon te tema konkrete, \u201cLe possibili morti di Ulisse\u201d dhe i merr njohurit\u00eb kryesore.( https:\/\/it.m.wikipedia.org ) Edhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkime t\u00eb imt\u00ebsishme, sot e siguron t\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionin e nevojsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Rezultojn\u00eb disa varjante \u2013 \u201cvdekje\u201d t\u00eb Uliksit, Odiseut apo Laertiadhit nga Itaka, filluar nga Homeri dhe vazhduar deri n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb.
\nHomeri e vdes eksploratorin Uliks, me nj\u00eb \u201cvdekje t\u00eb amb\u00ebl\u201d bashk\u00eb me ekuipazhin e tij, n\u00eb nj\u00eb Tok\u00eb t\u00eb Re subkontinentale t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Jugore (Odiseja, K. XI); Pseudo Apollodori, me sa duket i gjen ndonj\u00eb Profeci ose interpretim tjet\u00ebr dhe Uliksi do t\u00eb vritet nga nj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs i tij \u201cdjal i jashtligjsh\u00ebm\u201d, Telegoni. Uliksi mundohet me flijime t\u00eb shumta, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur jo vet\u00ebm Poseidonin Hyjnor t\u00eb fyer r\u00ebnd\u00eb, por edhe orakulltoren e korruptuar tok\u00ebsore t\u00eb Tirezias. Njihemi me tyrli thashethemnajash folklorike \u2013 mitologjike \u201cpost homerike\u201d, ku Uliksi meq\u00ebn\u00ebse kishte mosmarr\u00ebveshje me Penelop\u00ebn, ia kishte dredhur \u201cpaksa\u201d me Kalidik\u00ebn, mbret\u00ebresh\u00ebn e Thesprot\u00ebve!<\/p>\n

Epirot\u00ebt na e pask\u00ebshin lutur Uliksin, (si\u00e7 edhe Ilir\u00ebt Kadmin, v\u00ebllan\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs) t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte si basileus\/mbret n\u00eb mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre etj (Bibliotheca, Epitome, 34 e 40); Plini i Vjet\u00ebr, nga ana tjet\u00ebr e pret shkurt se, Uliksi vdiq nga pleq\u00ebria; Ovidi dhe Dante simbas tij, e fundosin Uliksin megjith ekuipazh, brenda n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik jugor. (Divina Commedia, Inferno, Canto ventiseiesimo, reiferendosi alla versione di Ovidi, Metamorfosi 19); Paskoli, p\u00ebrshkruan se, mbasi trupi i Uliksit t\u00eb vdekur endet n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik, kufoma p\u00ebrfundon te Ishulli i Kalipsos\u00eb (Poemi Conviviali); V. Massimo Manfredi, supozon nj\u00eb hakmarrje \u201corigjinale\u201d t\u00eb Posidonit mbi Uliksin, duke e \u201cd\u00ebnuar\u201d si t\u00eb pavdeksh\u00ebm, madje fantazon edhe nj\u00eb lloj hipoteze konspirative, sikur Uliksi qenka metamorfizuar tek nj\u00eb zyrtar i lart\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbimit sekret t\u00eb marin\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme greke, sepse, \u201cProfecia e Tirezias ruan zbulimin e kontinentin Amerikan, nga grek\u00ebt antik\u00eb\u201d! (L\u2019oracolo);<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund mund t\u00eb citojm\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb studim bashk\u00ebkohor, \u201cGulia Regoliosi, \u201cUlisse o il viaggio interminato\u201d, bot., n\u00eb \u201cIli nuova Aeropago S!, 1982, f 48-62; shih edhe E. Gatti, \u201cAtlantide, La scoperta dell\u2019 Amerika prima di Colombo, Modena 1994). Me k\u00ebto, kemi rastin t\u00eb konstatojm\u00eb se sa mbrapa, me diferenc\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00eb dhe t\u00eb niveleve krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrcipta, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb studimet e komentimet tona kritike universitare, me bot\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparuar, jo vet\u00ebn n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e diktatur\u00ebs, por mjerisht edhe sot\u2026<\/p>\n

[Vini re: Shpjegohet emri Atlanti me ilirishte-albanishte, Ati \u2013 babai i Dheut, si\u00e7 edhe Dhemetra etj, krahasohet teknika e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb mureve t\u00eb Lissus Albania, me muret e Cuzco n\u00eb Meksik\u00eb etj, dhe ne kemi qen\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb bunker\u00eb e sirena alarmi dhe duke d\u00ebgjuar leksionet e atllar\u00ebve!!!]
\nTirezia, thuhet se ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb person prift orakulli, parashikues i fateve njer\u00ebzore, por kaq qe b\u00ebr\u00eb i neveritsh\u00ebm, i korruptuar etj, saq\u00eb perendit\u00eb e urrenin dhe vet\u00eb Zeusi e nd\u00ebshkon kur e metamorfizon nga mashkull n\u00eb fem\u00ebr dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb fund e degdis n\u00eb Hades, ku i n\u00ebn\u00ebshtrohet gjithfar\u00eb vuajtjeve. Uliksi i Homerit e takon Hijen e Tirezias n\u00eb Hades (bota e n\u00ebndheshme e t\u00eb vdekurve t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar) dhe ky \u201cme lejen e Zeusit\u201d ia parashikon fatin e fundit Uliksit! Edhe pse ishte i d\u00ebnuar e hije, vetia e telepati profecis\u00eb i funksiononte\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cProfecia e Hijes s\u00eb Tirezias, direkt nga Hadesi\u201d, mbase ka qen\u00eb edhe disa kuptim\u00ebshe, por gjithsesi, komentator\u00ebt m\u00eb autoritar\u00eb e pranojn\u00eb se, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb se \u201cparashikon\u201d nj\u00eb Mision Odiseja II, n\u00eb nj\u00eb eksplorim e vendndodhje q\u00eb ishte larg: \u201cp\u00ebrtej Shtyllave\/Kolonave t\u00eb Herakliut\u201d! Simbas interpretimit dhe pasqyrimit t\u00eb Homerit, ajo profetizonte nj\u00eb vdekje t\u00eb Uliksit dhe ekuipazhit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar \u201cn\u00eb mbrend\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb Toke t\u00eb Re, t\u00eb paeksploruar, ku nuk e njohin detin, krip\u00ebn\u201d. Nd\u00ebrkaq, simbas Ovidit dhe Dantes, kemi nj\u00eb vdekje ku ata e v\u00ebshtrojn\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Re, nga larg\u00ebsia kur jan\u00eb ende \u201cbr\u00ebnda detit\u201d. Te Homeri kemi nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebshtrim ndaj fatalitetit, predestinimit, shkruarjes s\u00eb fatit nga perendit\u00eb qiellore, kurse te Dante kjo justifikohet si nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb \u201cflak\u00eb e brend\u00ebshme shpirt\u00ebrore\u201d e natyr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr zbulimin e bot\u00ebs ku jeton. Por, nd\u00ebrsa te Homeri misioni p\u00ebrfundon me sukses, megjithse e ka nj\u00eb \u00e7mim, mosrikthimin m\u00eb n\u00eb atdhe, \u2013 te Dante, kjo aventur\u00eb p\u00ebrfundon edhe si nj\u00eb marri, ku zbulimet kalojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebsaj \u201cmarrie\u201d t\u00eb domosdoshme\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dikur, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e \u201cforcave t\u00eb veta\u201d, t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shek XX, t\u00eb izoluar e t\u00eb mbyllur, edhe me rrjeta me korrent (mos t\u00eb themi si n\u00eb Ishullin e Polifemit, n\u00eb Ishullin e \u00c7ir\u00e7es apo n\u00eb Ishullin e Kalipsos\u00eb\u2026), p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb komentim interpretim sa m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb edhe n\u00eb terrenin e mitologjis\u00eb, fillimisht nuk mund ta siguroje informacionin e mundsh\u00ebm. Mund t\u00eb mbeteshe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb paqart\u00ebsi edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb literatur\u00eb, n\u00eb vend num\u00ebro me dekada dhe k\u00ebsisoj, \u201canijen ta gryenin krimbat\u201d! Pastaj, t\u00eb grinin vigjilent\u00ebt xheloz\u00ebt, q\u00eb i kishin monopolizuar temat dhe enciklopedit\u00eb e huaja, q\u00eb i kishin \u201cz\u00ebn\u00eb gropat e loj\u00ebs shkop e dok\u00ebrr\u201d dhe t\u00eb improvizonin gjithfar\u00eb v\u00ebrejtjesh dhe akuzash\u2026
\nNdonj\u00eb \u201ci prekur politikisht imperialist ose revisionist social-imperialist\u201d, i cili tentonte t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulte\u201d, ndodhte q\u00eb: \u201cja hante dhija librat\u201d sepse ja konfiskonin komplet bibliotek\u00ebn; detyrohej t\u2019i shp\u00ebrndante librat tek t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit dhe shumica nuk i riktheheshin m\u00eb; edhe po t\u00eb guxoje t\u00eb nxirrnje ndonj\u00eb lajm shkencor me nj\u00eb vesh n\u00eb radiot e huaja, nuk mund ta publikoje\u2026<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb apasionuarin mbas p\u00ebrkthimeve shkencore, historis\u00eb, let\u00ebrsis\u00eb e mitologjis\u00eb: kishte gjithfar\u00eb ngushticash dhe rrjetash. Mjer\u00eb ai q\u00eb kishte guzuar t\u2019ia kalonte Kryepartis\u00eb, q\u00eb kishte patur t\u00eb b\u00ebnte edhe me Zyr\u00ebn e Arsim-Kultur\u00ebs t\u00eb Agjitacionit e Propagand\u00ebs s\u00eb K.Q. t\u00eb P. P. SH-s\u00eb, dhe me vet\u00eb Zeusin = shokun Enver, bashk\u00eb me 100 kimerat-dragonjt\u00eb gjakpir\u00ebs me: \u201c100 koka, 200 duar e 200 k\u00ebmb\u00eb, 400 sy e 400 vesh\u00eb! Mjer\u00eb ai dhe familia e tij. \u00cbh\u00eb, sa lart rrahte Pejgamberi i Ri\u2026!<\/p>\n

Mjeranin, e rrasnin n\u00eb burg, e izolonin n\u00eb Ishullin e Revizionist\u00ebve Zv\u00ebrnec, ose e \u00e7onin edhe n\u00eb \u00c7mendin\u00eb Pavionin 19. Doktori psikiatrik Hoxhati i Madh, me stenogram\u00ebn e falsifikuar, t\u00eb administronte edhe recet\u00ebn, edhe ila\u00e7et, edhe elekroshoket q\u00eb, \u201ckurr\u00eb mos t\u00eb sh\u00ebroheshe\u201d, meqen\u00ebse edhe, \u201cautokritik\u00ebn nuk e kishe pranuar ta b\u00ebnje si\u00e7 e donte Ai dhe Partia\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

2. \u201cLundrimet\u201d e Herakliut dhe t\u00eb Lukianit: matan\u00eb \u201cNgushtic\u00ebs s\u00eb Shtyllave t\u00eb Herakliut\u201d!<\/strong>
\nNa ishte th\u00ebn\u00eb se, \u201cShtyllat e Herakliut\u201d, te ngushtica mes Spanj\u00ebs dhe Marokut (Evrop\u00ebs dhe Afrik\u00ebs) sh\u00ebnonin pik\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs n\u00eb Perendim, \u201candej nga dielli per\u00ebndon\u201d dhe m\u00eb tutje s\u2019kish guxuar kush t\u00eb lundronte me rrema e as t\u00eb navigonte me karava me vela, as n\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebn si metafor\u00eb \u2013 trillim, apo si ndonj\u00eb hipotez\u00eb gjeniale!<\/p>\n

[Me pak fjal\u00eb ishte si ajo pengesa me hunj t\u00eb ngulur, me leqe gardhe purtekash e rrjetash, n\u00eb vend daljen e derdhjen e Bun\u00ebs nga Liqeni \u2013 deri n\u00eb Drin, q\u00eb quhej edhe si Dajlani, ku mbeste blini, ngjala, trofta, shojza, krapi, qefulli, kubla\u2026]
\nKy \u201ccaku heraklidian perendimor\u201d, ku para tij shtrihej Oqeani Atlantik, me sa duket ishte fundi, mbasi caku tok\u00ebsor, ishte shtyr\u00eb ma n\u00eb perendim disa her\u00eb! Pjesa tjet\u00ebr konsdierohej uj\u00eb dhe vet\u00eb Homeri i vjet\u00ebr e shtronte hipotez\u00ebn: Nga futet k\u00ebtu dielli, vall\u00eb n\u00ebn tok\u00eb e nga e nxjerr kok\u00ebn prap\u00eb\u201d!? (Odiseja, K X, v. 239-242)<\/p>\n

Kjo hipotez\u00eb, edhe mbas rreth 1500 vjet\u00ebsh, te mendjet dogmatike dukej se ende vegjetonte, sepse ky dielli i v\u00ebshtruar nga bregu ranor Maroken, kur per\u00ebndonte e zhytej n\u00eb Oqean, thuhej se t\u00eb jepte edhe p\u00ebrshtypjen: \u201csikur po futej n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb burimi me lym t\u00eb zi\u201d! Deri atje ishte rrekur, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb e kishte tentuar udh\u00ebtimin nj\u00eb far\u00eb Dhulkarnejni = arab. Kok\u00ebdybrir\u00ebshi! (Shih edhe Kur\u2019an-i, bot. 1992, Surja El Kehf, ajetet 84 e 85)
\nKa t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb ky Dhulkarnejni\/Kok\u00ebdybrir\u00ebshi i Kur\u2019an-it, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet si nj\u00eb eksplorator n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr koordinatat e mesoret gjeografike te Dheut, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb von\u00eb ishte ngat\u00ebrruar nga tefserist\u00ebt kuranik\u00eb, sikur kishte qen\u00eb vet\u00eb Aleksandri i Madh\/Iskender Z\u00fclkarneyn (mqs Aleksandrit i p\u00eblqente t\u2019i imitonte e p\u00ebrveht\u00ebsonte mitologjit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha edhe ato t\u00eb Herakliut, sepse mbante veten si pasardh\u00ebs me origjin\u00eb nga ai.) Por, nd\u00ebrkaq, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr hipotez\u00eb, pak m\u00eb e bazueshme, e sjell se ky kok\u00ebdybrir\u00ebshi q\u00eb kishte synuar per\u00ebndimin, mbase kishte qen\u00eb vet\u00eb Herakliu ose ndonj\u00eb kok\u00ebdybrir\u00ebsh i ngjajsh\u00ebm dhe si nj\u00eb ideator i lasht\u00eb i monoteizmit me nj\u00eb zot?!<\/p>\n

T\u00eb lundroje thell\u00eb n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik drejt Per\u00ebndimit, thuhej me koh\u00eb (te Lukiani I shek II, psh, etj.) se, Oqeani derdhej n\u00eb nj\u00eb katarakt gjigand, posht\u00eb n\u00eb humnerat qiellore dhe sa andej edhe Toka bashkohej me kup\u00ebn qiellore q\u00eb e mbante mbi supe Atlasi\u2026<\/p>\n

Koha e sotme, me studimet m\u00eb t\u00eb thelluara dhe nga gjurm\u00eb zbulimet e reja arkeologjike, ka hedhur interpretime se, lund\u00ebrtar\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb egjiptian\u00eb e ata fenikas, me sa duket kishin guxuar t\u00eb shtyheshin edhe p\u00ebrtej asaj ngushtice t\u00eb Gjibraltarit, edhe rreth e qark Afrik\u00ebs, madje edhe vet\u00eb ngushtic\u00ebn, kishin qen\u00eb ata q\u00eb e kishin pag\u00ebzuar para grek\u00ebve argonut\u00eb t\u00eb Herakliut, si, \u201cShtyllat e Melkartit\u201d, simbas nj\u00eb heroi t\u00eb mitologjis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre. Na dilte pra, se grek\u00ebt antik\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb edhe kopjac\u00eb edhe pak si p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsues\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin tim, t\u00eb sapobotuar, \u00d3\u00ca\u00cf\u00c4\u00d1\u00c9\u00cd\u00d9\u00cd, kam hedhur t\u00eb sintetizuar tem\u00ebn e eksplorimeve detare edhe p\u00ebrtej \u201cShtyllave t\u00eb Herakliut\u201d, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn metaforike t\u00eb trilluar si ironi, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e kisha trajtuar m\u00eb her\u00ebt edhe n\u00eb disa shkrime gazetash.
\n(Agron Luka, \u201c\u00d3\u00ca\u00cf\u00c4\u00d1\u00c9\u00cd\u00d9\u00cd, Shkod\u00ebr 2016, \u201cEksploratori mitologjik Herakliu dhe shkrimtari Lukiani (shek II) \u201czbuluan\u201d hemisfer\u00ebn perendimore dhe kontinentin Amerika\u201d, f 233 \u2013 255; gaz. \u201cShqip\u00ebria Etnike\u201d, 1 tetor 2002, \u201cUdh\u00ebtimi i lasht\u00eb i Herakliut\u201d, f 12-13; gaz. Ndryshe; shih edhe gaz. Koha Jon\u00eb, 18-19 shtator 2006, etj)<\/p>\n

Simbas nj\u00eb fantazie ironike, t\u00eb Lukianit nga Samosta (shek II), Herakliu dhe Dionizi bashk\u00eb me nj\u00eb ekuipazh argonaut\u00ebsh, duke lundruar, p\u00ebrtej \u201cShtyllave t\u00eb Gjibraltarit\u201d, \u201cn\u00eb an\u00ebn e an\u00ebs s\u00eb oqeanit perendimor\u201d, kishin arritur deri te nj\u00eb ishull me bim\u00ebsi t\u00eb harlisur, ku kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb si kujtim, nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb, nj\u00eb shtyll\u00eb bronzi q\u00eb mezi lexohej, me mbishkrimin: \u201cDeri k\u00ebtu arrit\u00ebn Herakliu me Dionizin\u201d\u2026 (Dionizi futej k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar ironin\u00eb e ilaritetin dejsh\u00ebm, mqs ishte perendia e v\u00ean\u00ebs. Po ashtu Dionizi ishte si shoq\u00ebrues i Herakliut edhe nga Orjenti. A. L.)
\nK\u00ebt\u00eb \u201cish lundrimin mitik t\u00eb Herakliut me Dionizin, vet\u00eb Lukiani me nj\u00eb ekuipazh lund\u00ebrtar\u00ebsh, do ta p\u00ebrs\u00ebris\u00eb dhe do ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb. Mbasi lundrojn\u00eb p\u00ebr 80 dit\u00eb, mbas shum\u00eb peripecish\u00eb dhe tmerri se po bien kok\u00ebposht\u00eb n\u00eb katarakt, kishin arritur deri te Ishulli me Shtyll\u00ebn e Herakliut!<\/p>\n

Pastaj ishin shtyr\u00eb m\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe kishin hasur tok\u00eb kontinentale,\u201dn\u00eb an\u00ebn e kund\u00ebrt t\u00eb kontinentit tone\u201d. Atje kishin gjetur shoq\u00ebri njer\u00ebzore por edhe amazonat, ku disa gre flisnin gjuh\u00ebn indiane e disa t\u00eb tjera gjuh\u00ebn lidiane! Lukiani vet\u00eb, kishte shfryt\u00ebzuar disa autor\u00eb antik\u00eb, por kryesisht Homerin dhe Platonin, pastaj kishte futur edhe fantazin\u00eb dhe trillimin ironik volterian dhe zhylvernian bashk\u00eb. Si kuriozi dhe ambiciozi njeri \u201cp\u00ebr rekorde t\u00eb reja\u201d, Lukiani ishte ngjitur edhe n\u00eb h\u00ebn\u00eb e n\u00eb sferat qiellore, ku edhe toka posht\u00eb dukej si nj\u00eb sfer\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e shndritshme\u2026 Dhe, edhe atje kishin hasur n\u00eb emigrant\u00eb grek\u00eb\u2026! (Lukiani, \u201cVepra t\u00eb Zgjedhura\u201d, bot. shqip 1979, \u201cNj\u00eb histori e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u201d, f 414 \u2013 454).<\/p>\n

Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb un\u00eb u zgjerova pak m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe njohje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre tipe t\u00eb mitologjis\u00eb, n\u00eb shkollat detare antike t\u00eb qyteteve ilire-albane-epirote me prejardhje pellazgjike; vura n\u00eb dukje se, Kolombi kishte p\u00ebrdorur disa harta e materiale me vlera pararend\u00ebse q\u00eb bazoheshin mbi iden\u00eb e bot\u00ebs sferike. Kur, refuzimet mosbesuese e dogmatike, kishin arritur kulmin, Kolombi ishte munduar t\u00eb fuste n\u00eb pun\u00eb edhe disa Profeci biblike e kristiane, se, krishterimi duhej p\u00ebrhapur deri: \u201cEt in fines Orbis Terrae verba eorum\u201d (Psalmi 18) e mbase duke n\u00ebnkuptuar edhe Profecin\u00eb e Jeruzalemit t\u00eb Ri \u2013 Bot\u00ebs s\u00eb Re\u2026; diskutova se edhe n\u00eb Kur\u2019an-i trajtohej kjo tem\u00eb (N\u00eb suren El Kenf dhe El Rrahman, \u201cme dy lindjet dhe dy per\u00ebndimat\u201d); Thuhej se p\u00ebrpak ky projekti i Kolombit, mund t\u00eb kishte p\u00ebrfunduar edhe n\u00eb duart e mysliman\u00ebve\u2026 (\u201cKristofor Kolombi a t\u00eb gjetunit e Amerik\u00ebs\u201d, Shkod\u00ebr 1928, f 18, etj.)<\/p>\n

3. Nj\u00eb rihetim dhe rilexim objektiv direkt i Odises\u00eb dhe i Ferrit te Komedija Hyjnore!<\/strong>
\nNga leximet e p\u00ebrcipta, me kap\u00ebrcime etj, si shum\u00eb kush, edhe un\u00eb kisha formuar iden\u00eb se, udh\u00ebtim eksplorimet e Odiseut \u2013 Uliksit, kufizoheshin brenda Detit Mesdhe, si nj\u00eb lloj harte e treguesi i porteve, rrug\u00ebve detare treg\u00ebtare dhe njerzve q\u00eb e rrethonin dhe se e gjith\u00eb kjo \u201caventur\u00eb e detyruar\u201d p\u00ebrfundonte me kthimin e tij n\u00eb Itak\u00eb, me marrjen e hakut ndaj pretendent\u00ebve dhe me nd\u00ebshkimin simbas kanuneve antike. Me pak fjal\u00eb, ishte ajo mbyllja: \u201cK\u00ebshtu jetuan t\u00eb lumtur p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb\u201d!<\/p>\n

Disa vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, duke e lexuar e rilexuar disa her\u00eb krejt tekstin e Odiseas n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthimin shqip t\u00eb vitit 1976, Parath\u00ebnien, \u201cHart\u00ebn e V. Berarit\u201d \u2013 me lundrim \u2013 tallazitjet, diku e mbiquajtur edhe si Udh\u00ebsia dhe komentimet e tyre, kisha v\u00ebn\u00eb re, mjaft i befasuar se k\u00ebto udh\u00ebtime-lundrime kufizoheshin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Pellgun Mesdhetar! Edhe vet\u00eb, Harta e V. Berarit, e publikuar qysh n\u00eb hyrje, nuk e kalonte aspak detin p\u00ebrtej ngushtic\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cShtyllave t\u00eb Herakliut\u201d! (shih hart\u00ebn) Si kishte mund\u00ebsi ky konkluzion e ky interpretim, kur nga vet\u00eb Homeri, me nj\u00eb lexim m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebmend\u00ebsh\u00ebm, rezultonte di\u00e7ka ndryshe?!<\/p>\n

Kjo \u201csurpriza homerike\u201d, ku Uliksi na dilte se, i kish kap\u00ebrcyer Kolonat e Herakliut dhe na qe futur m\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb Oqeanin Atllanik (dhe jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb\u2026), p\u00ebr mua fillonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disi enigmatike te Homeri, qysh n\u00eb K\u00ebng\u00ebn I:<\/p>\n

\u201cI shkreti Uliks, burr\u00eb i urt\u00eb po fatzi,
\nq\u00eb ka sa koh\u00eb, i ndar\u00eb nga miqt\u00eb, vuan
\nn\u2019nj\u00eb ishull q\u00eb n\u2019\u00e7do an\u00eb e rrahin dallg\u00ebt,
\nn\u00eb mes t\u00eb Oqeanit pa kufi.
\nAi ishull \u00ebsht\u00eb si pyll, aty jeton
\nnj\u00eb hyjnesh\u00eb bija e atij Atlantit
\nzitrilluesit, q\u00eb njeh humner\u2019n e detit,
\ne mban shtyllat q\u00eb ndajn\u00eb Qiellin nga Toka.
\nE bija e tij e mban ndaj vetes t\u2019shkretin\u2026\u201d
\n(Odiseja, K. I, v. 69 \u2013 77)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Shtrohej pyetja, kjo, \u201cBija e Atlantit\u201d, nimf\u00eb hyjnesha Kalipso dhe vet\u00eb Ishulli Ogigi, ku duhej t\u00eb stacionohej dhe t\u00eb identifikohej: n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik apo n\u00eb Detin Mesdhe?! I kishin konstatuar lund\u00ebrtar\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr, Ishujt si Ayorret, Madeira, Kanarie?! Dikush (I ndjeri prof. L. Franja), m\u00eb pat th\u00ebn\u00eb se, \u201csekreti\u201d q\u00ebndronte tek nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb, aty ku p\u00ebrkthyesi P. Gje\u00e7i e kishte p\u00ebrkthyer fjal\u00ebn e origjinalit t\u00eb greqishtes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr \u201cdet i thell\u00eb = si Oqean\u201d dhe prandaj ti ke ra n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grack\u00eb! Mir\u00ebpa hajde e gjeje aso kohe nj\u00eb tekst origjinal, si ishte e shkruar grafia e termit origjinal n\u00eb greqishten e vjet\u00ebr, pa le q\u00eb germat greke mezi i lexoja dhe aso kohe edhe arkeolog\u00ebt \u201ckompetent\u00eb\u201d i njihnin p\u00ebrciptazi\u2026
\nGrek\u00ebt antik\u00eb, si\u00e7 edhe qytet\u00ebrimet e shquara pararend\u00ebse, kishin arritur s\u00eb paku n\u00eb nj\u00eb ide hipotez\u00eb se: Bota mbase kishte edhe nj\u00eb si form\u00eb breshke gjys\u00ebm sferike dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr rrethohej nga uji. Hipoteza sferike doli pak m\u00eb von\u00eb!<\/p>\n

T\u00eb vjetrit orjentoheshin me baz\u00eb diellin nga lindja dhe perendimi dhe veriu e jugu, pra i njihnin kat\u00ebr koordinatat dhe mesoret e tyre, duke p\u00ebrcaktuar edhe krahun e djatht\u00eb e t\u00eb majt\u00eb me fytyr\u00ebn nga poli i veriut, lundronin brigjeve me stacione t\u00eb shumta dhe kishin shenja, orjentoheshin edhe nat\u00ebn me yll\u00ebsit\u00eb e konstelacionet etj. Vet\u00eb Ishulli i Itak\u00ebs dhe flota e tij ku banonte Uliksi, njiheshin n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn mesdhetare dhe realizonin lundrime t\u00eb larg\u00ebta n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr koordinatat, madje edhe n\u00eb veri, deri n\u00eb fundin e Adriatikut. Ashtu edhe flota e ishullit Feakia\/Skeria, e cila shquhej \u201cmbi gjith t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt n\u00eb artin e lundrimit\u201d, ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb arrinte skaje t\u00eb larg\u00ebta q\u00eb konsideroheshin si \u201cfunde bote\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i panjohur ky ishull n\u2019bot\u00eb,
\npo nam t\u00eb madh ka n\u00eb Lindje e n\u2019Jug,
\nn\u00eb mjegull t\u00eb Veriut, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.
\n(Odiseja, K. XIII, v. 293 \u2013 295; K. VII, v. 397 \u2013 403)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga ato \u201cvendet enigmatike\u201d (si\u00e7 e tham\u00eb) edhe plaku i urt\u00eb Homer e hidhte ide-hipotez\u00ebn se: \u201cdielli rrotullohej rreth tok\u00ebs dhe mbasi zhytej diku n\u00eb per\u00ebndim, i dilte p\u00ebrs\u00ebri tok\u00ebs nga krahu tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lindur n\u00eb Lindje\u201d, si\u00e7 e citoj:<\/p>\n

\u201cO miq t\u00eb mi, n\u2019k\u00ebt\u00eb vend ku kemi zbritur,
\nNe s\u2019dim\u00eb nga bie as Lindja e as Per\u00ebndimi.
\nNga futet k\u00ebtu dielli, vall\u00eb n\u00ebn tok\u00eb
\nE nga e nxjerr kok\u00ebn prap\u00eb?\u201d
\n(Odiseja, cit. K X, v. 46 \u2013 49; 239-242)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishte pra, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyesi Pashko Gje\u00e7i dhe Parath\u00ebn\u00ebsi M. Xhaxhiu, e kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb ende m\u00eb 1976, kaq t\u00eb paqart\u00eb komentimin te Odiseja?! Te rasti konkret te Shtyllat e Herkulit, si ndaheshin deti \u2013 ujra t\u00eb thella \u2013 nga Oqeani perendimor?! Po ashtu edhe m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, po i njejti Pashko Gje\u00e7i e kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb mang\u00ebt e t\u00eb paqart\u00eb interpretimin e komentimin, edhe te Ferri te Kanga XXVI!<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr vete, prof. P. Gje\u00e7i e kishte kuptuar mir\u00eb se, Uliksi po lundronte thell\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrtej ekuatorit n\u00eb jug \u2013 per\u00ebndim, por nuk e sqaronte n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti e me holl\u00ebsi p\u00ebr lexuesit dhe student\u00ebt?! E pakta nga vitet 1959 \u2013 e deri te vitet 1976, prof Gje\u00e7i nuk kishte arritur t\u00eb jepte nj\u00eb komentim t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm me varjantet mitologjike t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb Uliksit, aq ma tep\u00ebr kur vet\u00eb kryetema ishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb! Po k\u00ebshtu e kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb hije edhe Diomedin, i cili kthehet n\u00eb Thraki n\u00eb vendlindje por, do ta shohim edhe n\u00eb Ishujt e Adriatikut t\u00eb veriut dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb dy hap\u00ebsirat tok\u00ebsore bregdetare Iliri \u2013 Etruski, duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin e p\u00ebrparuar!<\/p>\n

Un\u00eb, di\u00e7ka nga k\u00ebto \u201cngurrimet \u2013 n\u2019gurt\u00ebsimet\u201d e prof. Gje\u00e7it, vet\u00ebm i kisha konstatuar. Bie fjala, Ishulli Feakia\/Skeria, i cili nga shumica e identifikuesve dhe komentuesve kompetent\u00eb ishte lokalizuar si Korkyra\/Korfuzi, na ishte quajtur si \u201cishulli p\u00ebrrallor\u201d! Po ashtu, k\u00ebto dy autoritete, te K\u00ebnga XI as n\u00eb Sh\u00ebnime e askund, nuk e kishin sh\u00ebnuar fare, \u201cVendin, fisin me troje e banesa t\u00eb Kimer\u00ebve\u201d, i cili, sadokudo lidhjej me Uliksin\/Odiseun, qysh n\u00eb Bot\u00ebn e gjallor\u00ebve njer\u00ebzor\u00eb mbitok\u00ebsor\u00eb dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr ato kandidatet \u201cvendet me Himera\/Kimera\u201d, hynte edhe Himara\/Cimmera jon\u00eb, e pakta qysh nga M. Barleti vet\u00eb. (Odiseja, p\u00ebrkthimi P. Gje\u00e7i 1976, Parath\u00ebnie, I\u2013XI; \u201cUdh\u00ebtimi i Odiseut, sipas V. Berarit\u201d, XII; Sh\u00ebnime, K\u00ebnga VI, v. 11; K\u00ebnga XI, nuk ka asnj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim p\u00ebr Kimer\u00ebt!; Hist. Sk\u00ebnd. 1967, f 97)<\/p>\n

Na dilte se disa mitologji t\u00eb lashta lokale ishin sofistikuar nga grek\u00ebt.
\nDyshimet, m\u2019u shtuan edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb, sepse un\u00eb e dija q\u00eb prof. Pashko Gje\u00e7i kishte qen\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrkthyesi e botuesi i Ferrit t\u00eb Dante Aligierit dhe aty n\u00eb K\u00ebng\u00ebn XXVI, trajtohej fund-vdekja e Uliksit, i fundosur megjith anije n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik! Nd\u00ebrkaq edhe k\u00ebtu sh\u00ebnimet e disa vargjeve, ishin konfuze! Nuk merrej vesh fare se ku ishte bazuar Dante dhe sa kishte improvizuar vet\u00eb duke futur edhe njohuri bashk\u00ebkohore t\u00eb tijat! N\u00ebnkuptohej nga sh\u00ebnime \u2013 sqarimet se, Uliksi vet\u00eb me disa lund\u00ebrtar\u00eb e kishin kap\u00ebrcyer edhe rrethin e ekuatorit dhe ishin zhytur thell\u00eb n\u00eb Oqeanin Atllantik ku tashm\u00eb shiheshin edhe yje t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, ku nuk shihej m\u00eb fare Ylli Polar etj, dhe megjithat\u00eb nuk jepej asnj\u00eb komentim i qart\u00eb, asnj\u00eb diskutim t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn! Dhe pse duhej t\u00eb ndodhte kjo mjegullnaj\u00eb?!
\n(Dante Aligieri, FERRI (Komedija Hyjnore), Tiran\u00eb, 1960, K\u00ebnga XXVI, f 133 \u2013 137; Sh\u00ebnime, f 203 -204)<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u2019kishte k\u00ebrkuar vall\u00eb Uliksi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb Odisean II: Bot\u00ebn e Re, rekordin e fundit t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs, q\u00eb t\u2019ia kalonte edhe Herakliut, apo mos ndoshta Pavdek\u00ebsin\u00eb, si\u00e7 kujtonte se e kishte \u201ct\u00eb siguruar\u201d Herakliu apo si\u00e7 thuhet se, e kishte k\u00ebrkuar edhe Aleksandri i Madh, \u201cSkajin e Bot\u00ebs dhe at\u00eb Burimin e Pavdek\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d nga Orjenti?! (Dhe k\u00ebtu nuk po flasim edhe p\u00ebr Jezusin, sepse ky e kishte pavdek\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb garantuar nga Ati, ishte Trini \u2013 nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe vet\u00eb i biri, edhe vet\u00eb shpirti, edhe vet\u00eb i Ati, = \u201cTre Zota n\u00eb nj\u00eb\u201d, si\u00e7 e thot\u00eb Kur\u2019an-i\u2026)
\nT\u00eb mos harrojm\u00eb se, te Libri i Makabeut, shkruhej se, \u201cAleksandri i Madh kishte arritur deri te Skaji i Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Orjent\u201d (Bibla, bot. 1994, Libri i par\u00eb i Makabejve, 1 \u00e1, f 1311)
\nIroniku Lukiani e tregonte se, Aleksandri mburrej se, ia kishte kaluar edhe vet\u00eb Herakliut nga Orjenti. (Lukiani, Vep. t\u00eb Zgj., \u201cFlipi dhe Aleksandri\u201d, f 259)
\nDhe se sa thell\u00eb shkonin k\u00ebto \u201cfundet e Bot\u00ebs\u201d, Lukiani e nuhaste mjaft mir\u00eb, posa e dinte me perfeksion edhe K\u00ebng\u00ebn e XI \u2013t\u00eb t\u00eb Odises\u00eb s\u00eb Homerit\u2026<\/p>\n

4. P\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhdavaritur mjegull\u00ebn\u2026<\/strong>
\nI mbetur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u201ccektin\u00ebn e paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d, n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast diskutimesh, m\u00eb erdhi n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb prindi im Gjovalin Luka, i cili e dinte \u201csekretin e Profecis\u00eb s\u00eb Tirezias\u201d, sepse botimi italian i Odiseas, q\u00eb ai e kishte p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr lexime e studime e jepte sqarimin. Gj. Luka e kishte ndihmuar me ndonj\u00eb diskutim e sqarim shokun e tij, t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, prof. M. Ndoja, i cili me koh\u00eb merrej me p\u00ebrkthimin e Ferrit. Kur doli botimi i vitit 1976 i Odiseas nga prof. P. Gje\u00e7i, prindi im mbi baz\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij teksti dhe t\u00eb disa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve italisht, ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb konstatonte se, n\u00eb disa raste p\u00ebrkthimi shqip nuk korespondonte si teksti italisht! Por, kush mund t\u2019i futej aso kohe asaj vorbulle, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrkthimi shqip apo p\u00ebrkthimi italian, shkjeponte nga origjinali\u2026<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr aq sa na interesonte, po e citoj, komentatorin Italian t\u00eb vitit 1937: \u201cDopo questa nuova e terribile esperienza, Ulisse riparte. Il suo destino \u00e8 questo. Neppure il ritorno in patria gli dar\u00e0 pace e riposo. Come Tiresia gli a predetto in questo canto, gli sar\u00e0 destino navigare ancora. E Dante lo far\u00e0 perire in mare, vecchio e canuto, alla ricerca, come Colombo, di un nuovo mondo da conoscere e di revelare agli uomini\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cMbas k\u00ebsaj ekperience t\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb tmer\u00ebshme (Lundrimi n\u00eb Bot\u00ebn e N\u00ebndheshme t\u00eb t\u00eb vdekurve n\u00eb Hades, ku gjen edhe Himer\u00ebt, etj. A.L.), Uliksi riniset, Fati i destinuar \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. As rikthimi i tij n\u00eb atdheun Itaka, nuk i jep paqe e qet\u00ebsi. Ashtu si\u00e7 orakulltari Tirezia ia kishte parath\u00ebn\u00eb divnes\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb K\u00ebng\u00eb (t\u00eb XI-t\u00ebn. A.L.), atij i ka takuar fati t\u00eb lundroj\u00eb\/navigoj\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Dhe Dante e b\u00ebn t\u00eb vdes\u00eb-mbytet n\u00eb det, plak dhe i thinjur n\u00eb eksplorim-rik\u00ebrkim, si Kolombi, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb bote t\u00eb re, p\u00ebr ta njohur dhe futur n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb njerzve\u201d.<\/p>\n

(Odissea, versione di I. Pindelmonte, con prefazione, riassunti e comment di G. Liparini, Bolognia, 1937, f 122)
\nTashm\u00eb e kisha m\u00ebsuar se Profecit\u00eb kishin nga dy, tre e ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb kuptime. Njiheshin, p\u00ebrshembull Profecia p\u00ebr Krezin, Profecia p\u00ebr Aleksandrin Mollos, njiheshin lojrat e fjal\u00ebve, silogjizmat, sofizmat bile edhe \u201cSofizmi i Brir\u00ebve\u201d, deshifrimet me disa kuptime etj.<\/p>\n

Te Arriani, un\u00eb kisha konstatuar k\u00ebt\u00eb pasazh mjaft t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm:
\n\u201cLogografi Hekateu thot\u00eb se Herakliu, prej Argosi, i d\u00ebrguar nga Eurystheu p\u00ebr t\u00eb grabitur dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i d\u00ebrguar Lop\u00ebt e Geryonit n\u00eb Mik\u00ebn, nuk zbrit as te Iber\u00ebt, as mbi nj\u00eb ishull t\u00eb quajtur Erythi t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik; ai (Hekateu shek V p.e.r.) thot\u00eb se Geryoni ishte nj\u00eb mbret i kontinentit q\u00eb jetonte midis Ambrakis\u00eb dhe Amfilohis\u00eb, dhe se ishte pik\u00ebrish ky vend ku Herakliu i grabiti gjedh\u00ebt duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund nd\u00ebrmarrjes s\u00eb tij t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Un\u00eb dij edhe q\u00eb kjo krahin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pasur n\u00eb kullota dhe ushqen lope shum\u00eb t\u00eb bukura. Lavdia e lop\u00ebve t\u00eb Epirit rrjedh ndoshta nga nj\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr se Erystheu dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e pa ar\u00ebsyeshme t\u00eb besohet se mbreti i Epirit quhej Geryon\u201d.<\/p>\n

(\u201cIlir\u00ebt dhe Ilria tek autor\u00ebt antik\u00eb\u201d, bot. 1965, F. Arriani, \u201cAlexandri Anabasis\u201d, Lib. II, 16)
\nNa dilte se, Gerioni gjigandi i njohur i kopeve me lope e buaj, n\u00eb Fundin e Bot\u00ebs n\u00eb Perendim\u201d te Bota Atlantike, n\u00eb variantet e lashta, na paskish qen\u00eb nj\u00eb trinjak \u2013 tre v\u00ebllez\u00ebr siamez\u00eb, t\u00eb ngjitur q\u00eb vepronin si nj\u00eb person dhe ky Gerion \u2013 TreGerion, na kishte qen\u00eb nj\u00eb basileus mitologjik i Epirit! Herakliu, bashk\u00eb edhe me alban\u00ebt ilir\u00eb q\u00eb e ndjekin, na pask\u00ebshin grabitur kopet\u00eb n\u00eb Epir, aty p\u00ebrball\u00eb te ishulli Saseno dhe jo te Iber\u00ebt e Spanj\u00ebs \u2013 pran\u00eb ngushtic\u00ebs dhe as atje te Ishulli Errythi, n\u00eb Oqeanin Atlantik. Kjo vllaz\u00ebri me tre koka, gjasht\u00eb duar e gjasht\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb e gjasht\u00eb sy e gjasht\u00eb vesh\u00eb, na ishte edhe modeli \u2013 etalon, i miq\u00ebsis\u00eb, barazis\u00eb dhe drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, simbas Lukianit, sepse ashtu i detyronte p\u00ebrve\u00e7 lidhja shpirt\u00ebrore edhe ajo gjenetike si tre siamez\u00eb t\u00eb pandash\u00ebm, n\u00eb nj\u00eb.
\n(Skylaksi, Periplus, Ilyroi, 26, cit. \u201cIlir\u00ebt dhe Iliria\u2026\u201d, f 36; Lukiani, \u201cVep. t\u00eb Zgj\u201d, cit. f 413; shih edhe Homeri, \u201cDor\u00ebt e Trefisht\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb Kreta.)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu na jepej mund\u00ebsia ta hidhnim hipotez\u00ebn se, grek\u00ebt antik\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm mblidhnin e p\u00ebrveht\u00ebsonin mitologjit\u00eb autoktone gadishullore, por edhe i deformonin duke sajuar tregime-poema e romane mitologjike si B\u00ebmat e Herakliut, ku fusnin sigurisht protagonizmin e tyre, ku me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast shpesh ua humbnin edhe vjet\u00ebrsin\u00eb e origjinalitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. (Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb kam botuar nj\u00eb seri shkrimesh me koh\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Komenti italian i vitit 1937, megjithse ta hapte horizontin, duke qen\u00eb si nj\u00eb botim popullor dhe i lir\u00eb, nuk futej n\u00eb holl\u00ebsira. Rezultonte se, kjo rinisia e Uliksit, mbas gjith\u00eb asaj p\u00ebrpjekje kolosale p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur Itak\u00ebn, te Odiseja e Homerit K\u00ebnga XI, ishte e lidhur me nj\u00eb Odise II \u2013 Udh\u00ebtim t\u00eb Ri, simbas Profecis\u00eb s\u00eb Tirezias.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkaq, vet\u00eb Dante, si udh\u00ebrr\u00ebfyes e shoq\u00ebrues ka Virgjilin, citon Lukanin dhe Ovidin e Metamorfozave, edhe Livin etj, e p\u00ebrmend Tirezian (Kanga XX, v. 40-45). Por, i shmanget Homerit, madhe nuk bzan se edhe iden\u00eb me zbrit\u00eb n\u00eb Hades dmth n\u00eb Ferr, ia ka kopjuar atij\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u00eb varjantin dantesk, Uliksi vet\u00ebm konstatoi me sy t\u00eb lir\u00eb nga larg\u00ebsia, nj\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Lart\u00eb dhe e ka supozuar me arsyetim inteligjent dhe me g\u00ebzim natyrisht se, atje duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb Tok\u00eb t\u00eb Re, p\u00ebrderisa ka nj\u00eb mal madh\u00ebshtor dhe t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrderisa fillimisht edhe era vjen nga ai drejtim tok\u00ebsor. Por, kur kjo er\u00eb sh\u2019ndrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb Uragan, at\u00ebhere Uliksi, do t\u00eb fundoset megjith anije thell\u00eb n\u00eb Atllantikun e jugut. Dhe t\u00eb mos harrojm\u00eb se te varjanti homerik gjendet nj\u00eb njeri, kurse tek varjanti dantesk, \u201cnuk ishte konstatuar asnj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb njer\u00ebzimi\u201d. Eksplorator\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb, si tipar kryesor kishin guximin, nd\u00ebrkaq premise kryesore e kishin t\u00eb siguruar, p\u00ebrderisa thithnin ajrin.<\/p>\n

Komentatori italian i v. 1937, i dinte tashm\u00eb zbulimet e Kolombit, Vasko De Gam\u00ebs, Amerigo Vespu\u00e7it, Ferdinando Magelanit etj. E dinte fort mir\u00eb edhe se, Kolombi bashk\u00eb me eksplorator\u00ebt evropian\u00eb, nuk kishin qen\u00eb idealist\u00eb dhe thjesht\u00eb kristian\u00eb humanitar\u00eb. Kolombi, p\u00ebrkundrazi dha edhe kontributin e tij t\u00eb eg\u00ebrsis\u00eb: \u201cZbulimi\u201d, ende pa u marr\u00eb vesh mir\u00eb se \u00e7\u2019p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, degjeneroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb skllav\u00ebri t\u00eb p\u00ebrbind\u00ebshme dhe nj\u00eb gjueti p\u00ebr ar dhe toka\u2026<\/p>\n

Sa shmangie kishte patur Virgjili nga Homeri, n\u00eb funksionin e romano\u00e7entrizmit dhe p\u00ebr ta konkuruar Homerin, dhe sa shmangie kishte patur vet\u00eb Dante n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb po asaj ideje romano-italikocentriste, madje edhe p\u00ebr primatin si poeti nga Firencia q\u00eb ua kaloi t\u00eb dyve?!
\nK\u00ebshtu, ne (aty nga v. 1976 \u2013 v. 1979), iu rifut\u00ebm vet\u00eb rilundrim-rileximit p\u00ebr ta rinjohur me thell\u00ebsi se, \u00e7far\u00eb konkretisht ishte kjo \u201cProfecia e Tirezias\u201d, si e kishte interpretuar dhe shprehur Homeri i vjet\u00ebr dhe pastaj t\u2019i krahasonin e ballafaqonim t\u00eb dy varjantet: Homerin me Danten.<\/p>\n

Ta citojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb rezultonte nga vet\u00eb Odiseja e Homerit, konkretisht nga kjo Profecia e Tirezias, e falltarit orakulltar teban: [\u2026 shkurtuar]
\n(Shih, Odiseja, K. XI, v. 151 \u2013 178)<\/p>\n

Konkluzioni m\u00eb i p\u00ebrafruar i varjantit homerik, dilte se: Ulksi\/Odisea\/Laertiadi, \u201cnuk plaket e nuk vdes bashk\u00eb me Penelop\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb dashur\u201d, k\u00ebshtu na paska qen\u00eb destinimi \u2013 fati i tjerrur me furk\u00ebn e tre mojrave apo i miratuar \u2013 aprovuar me parshkrim, nga Zeusi i ma vonsh\u00ebm! M\u00eb me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi i bie q\u00eb ky Zoti, duhej t\u00eb ishte direkt Zeusi, sepse vet\u00ebm ai mund ta thyente vullnetin e d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e Poseidonit q\u00eb e urrente Ulksin p\u00ebr vdekje, sepse i qorroi Polifemin, t\u00eb birin.<\/p>\n

Simbas Homerit, Uliksi madje me gjith ekuipazhin, kur zbarkuan nga deti dhe u fut\u00ebn thell\u00eb n\u00eb xhung\u00ebl, has\u00ebn nj\u00eb njeri\/dmth edhe nj\u00eb fis njer\u00ebzor, i cili as detin, as krip\u00ebn e as lopat\u00ebn \u2013 flat\u00ebr remash t\u00eb anijeve, nuk e kish par\u00eb me sy. E kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ishin fise t\u00eb st\u00ebr mbrapambetura\u2026 Dhe atje paskan vdekur Uliksi me ekuipazhin: \u201cme nj\u00eb vdekje t\u00eb amb\u00ebl e mes nj\u00eb mij\u00eb t\u00eb mirave\u201d, thell\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb tok\u00eb sub kontinentale t\u00eb xhunglave t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs jugore \u2026 simbas Profecis\u00eb s\u00eb Tirezias! \u201cAjo jeta me nj\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb mira\u201d, n\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient t\u00eb nj\u00eb komune \u2013 e komunizmit primitiv, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj romantizmi reaksionar, \u201ckthimi fiktiv mbrapa n\u00eb t\u00eb vjetr\u00ebn\u201d, ku simbas k\u00ebsaj filozofie, bota na kishte qen\u00eb m\u00eb e mir\u00eb n\u00eb foshnj\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb pazhvilluar dhe progresivisht ajo sa vjen e degjenerohet, deri n\u00eb fundin e pashmangsh\u00ebm!<\/p>\n

Njeriu vet\u00eb, dora-dor\u00ebs, filloi t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00ebfar\u00eb diferencimi midis vet\u00eb zotave, kishte edhe zota barbar\u00eb, kishte edhe t\u00eb mire, por diku kishte edhe tekanjoz\u00eb, q\u00eb zor se b\u00ebnin l\u00ebshime! Prometeu u detyrua t\u201dua vidhte zjarrin perendive dhe t\u2019ia jepte njerzve dhe e nd\u00ebshkuan! E pra ky Prometeu sikur ishte edhe v\u00eblla me Atlantin?! T\u00eb dy kishe qen\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, apo njeri i mir\u00eb dhe tjetri i keq?!<\/p>\n

Na thuhet sot se, ndonj\u00eb interpret supozon q\u00eb, Uliksi u rikthye edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb Itak\u00eb: \u201cTorner\u00e0 quindi ad Itaca\u201d\u2026 k\u00ebtu i b\u00ebn flijet etj dhe riniset prap\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Odiseja III, duke provuar t\u00eb arsyetoj\u00eb se, gruri apo dashi dhe demi p\u00ebr flije, nuk njiheshin n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut etj. Nj\u00eb fantazi brenda fantazis\u00eb do thoshim\u2026<\/p>\n

Tashti ta citojm\u00eb edhe Danten: [\u2026 shkurtuar]
\n(\u201cFERRI \u2013 Komedija Hyjnore\u201d, p\u00ebrkthim P. Gje\u00e7i, 1960, Kanga XXVI, V. 1-142, Rrethi 8. Lugja 8, \u201cK\u00ebshillor\u00ebt Dinak\u00eb\u201d, cit. me p\u00ebrzgjedhje.)<\/p>\n

Nuk dukej, asnj\u00eb lloj \u201cProfecie t\u00eb Tirezias\u201d e interpretuar si imponim, destinim fataliteti. Te Dante dhe si \u201cpik\u00ebnisje e misionit Odiseja II\u201d; \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb ambicia njer\u00ebzore \u2013 flaka shpirt\u00ebrore p\u00ebr zbulime; nuk kemi takim me asnj\u00eb krijes\u00eb njer\u00ebzore; dhe nuk kemi nj\u00eb hyrje fizike brenda asaj Bote t\u00eb Re, dhe as ndonj\u00eb vdekje t\u00eb amb\u00ebl te Danteja! (Si\u00e7 kemi te Odiseja).<\/p>\n

Konstatimi i nj\u00eb Toke\/Bote t\u00eb Re, e cila pasi i hapet syrit nga larg, shkakton nj\u00eb g\u00ebzim t\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm, por, mbyllet me aktin e fundit t\u00eb fundosjes me njer\u00ebz e me anije, n\u00eb ato ujra t\u00eb ftohta t\u00eb qiellit jugor!<\/p>\n

Na thuhet sot se, Dante k\u00ebt\u00eb varjant t\u00eb devijuar e t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me Homerin e mori nga Ovidi, porse P. Gje\u00e7i aso kohe as k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk e dinte e as nuk e kishte cituar! Prof. Gje\u00e7i nuk kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb asnj\u00eb fjal\u00eb edhe sa kishte patur dijeni vet\u00eb Dante mbi autor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb antik\u00eb q\u00eb i citonte dhe asnj\u00eb fjal\u00eb sa kishte improvizuar Dante vet\u00eb?! Parathan\u00ebsi Siliqi, tha ca fjal\u00eb se, \u201cpartizan\u00ebt e ideve marksiste do ta pastronin Bot\u00ebn nga gjanat e k\u00ebqia, do ta realizonin n\u00eb komuniz\u00ebm, idealin e nalt\u00eb, t\u00eb shndritsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb nj\u00eb jete t\u00eb begat\u00eb, t\u00eb nj\u00eb Bote t\u00eb drejt\u00eb e t\u00eb lir\u00eb, me pun\u00eb kang\u00eb, lule e poezi\u201d (Figura vigane e Dantes, f III)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto fjal\u00eb m\u00eb 1959-1960\u2026<\/strong>
\nVigani Dante, vet\u00eb me inisiativ\u00ebn dhe idet\u00eb e tija, e rrasi n\u00eb Ferr, Uliksin, kur vet\u00eb Zeusi ia kishte caktuar nj\u00eb fat m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb?! Me \u00e7\u2019t\u00eb drejt\u00eb Dante \u201cme gjuh\u00ebn italiane fiorentine\u201d, pretendonte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte funksionet e Jezusit-Isait, si Prokurori i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Dit\u00ebn e Gjykimit, akoma pa filluar askund Shenjat paralajm\u00ebruese t\u00eb Fundit \u2013 Kjametit?! Sepse atje nuk ka rrasur dok\u00ebdo\u2026<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkthyesit Pashko Gje\u00e7i, q\u00eb i kishte kaluar nj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb n\u00eb mendje, n\u00eb sy e n\u00eb duar k\u00ebto vargje e rrokje, edhe te Odiseja edhe te Ferri, si i shp\u00ebtuan pa i konfrontuar k\u00ebto interpretime?! E pra, sado e ngusht\u00eb Ngushtica e Gjibraltarit, ku vet\u00ebm Zogu mund ta kalonte at\u00eb, \u201cShtyllat e Herakliut\u201d u kaluan me anije dhe vet\u00ebm atje te jugu posht\u00eb ekuatorit, ndahet Homeri nga Dante Aligieri!<\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb, kur babai im kish m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb e gjys\u00ebm q\u00eb kish vdekur, un\u00eb u informova se, rrjeta e merimangave e mitologjis\u00eb s\u00eb Uliksit dhe Penelop\u00ebs kishte qen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrfolur. Flitej nd\u00ebr thashe-themet mitologjike e improvizimet e vet\u00eb disa shkrimtar\u00ebve fantazist\u00eb se edhe Penelopa, \u201csimboli \u2013 etaloni i besnik\u00ebris\u00eb dhe lidhjes bashk\u00ebshortore\u201d, na kishte qen\u00eb me origjin\u00eb nga ishulli i Korfuzit, ku p\u00ebrball\u00eb ishte Bregu Epirot, i Tok\u00ebs s\u00eb Kimer\u00ebve, se e kishte dredhur nj\u00eb \u00e7ik\u00ebz bishtin q\u00eb kur kishte qen\u00eb vajzuke\u2026<\/p>\n

P\u00ebflitej Penelopa, se nd\u00ebrsa u kish rezistuar t\u00eb gjitha flirtimeve e lajkatimeve t\u00eb pretendent\u00ebve, diku i ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb Zotit Pan, te \u201ckrevati i gdhendur n\u00eb dru ulliri\u201d dhe nd\u00ebrkaq thurte nj\u00eb sixhade-cerg\u00eb, me lesh lope, dhie, curi, baliku, bashk\u00eb lesh e l\u00ee, e cila vetvetiu i \u00e7\u2019thurej\u2026 Si mund ta kishte pranuar Penelopa, k\u00ebt\u00eb tradh\u00ebti bashk\u00ebshortore, si mund ta kishte pranuar k\u00ebt\u00eb \u201cperendi barbare\u201d (q\u00eb qelbej era skjap, ta p\u00ebrdhunonte seksualisht), pa qen\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb pak besimtare barbare dhe pa e justifikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb si t\u00eb moralshme e brenda zakoneve?! E pra kjo Penelopa mbahej edhe m\u00eb e ndershme se, vet\u00eb Helena e mbuluar!!! Mbase n\u00eb Itak\u00eb kish mb\u00ebrritur edhe zani e nami se, basileusat akej, danaj, mirmidon\u00eb, mikenas e itakas po b\u00ebnin pall\u00eb me orgjira me vajzat e Azis\u00eb s\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, me prift\u00ebreshat e virgj\u00ebra mbar\u00eb e mbrapsht\u00eb, madje betoheshin edhe n\u00eb rren\u00eb para Thiut, se \u00e7\u2019virgj\u00ebrimin e Krizeid\u00ebs e kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb vet\u00eb Apoli\u2026<\/p>\n

Pas rikthimit n\u00eb Itak\u00eb, flitej se Uliksi e kishte pranuar kap\u00ebrdir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tradh\u00ebti por, pastaj ishte xhelozuar, rrebeluar e t\u00ebrbuar edhe kundra perendis\u00eb ilire t\u00eb grigjave dhe kullotave Pan dhe e kishte p\u00ebrz\u00ebn\u00eb Penelop\u00ebn n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e t\u00eb atit. Dikush tjet\u00ebr thoshte se, kur Uliksi shkoi te Thesprot\u00ebt, Penelopa kishte lindur nj\u00eb djal\u00eb kopil dhe ky e mbyti Uliksin! Nd\u00ebrkaq te fundi\u2026 edhe vet\u00eb Penelopa na kish p\u00ebrfunduar si murgesh\u00eb te \u201cIshulli i \u00c7ir\u00e7es\u201d, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lar\u00eb m\u00ebkatet!
\n[P. Grimal, \u201cEnciclopedia dei Miti\u201d, ribot. 1990, z\u00ebri Penelope (\u00d0\u00e7\u00ed\u00e5\u00eb\u00fc\u00f0\u00e7), f 496]<\/p>\n

N\u00eb librin dhe n\u00eb shkrimet e mija, e kam sqaruar se, nga k\u00ebto zakone kishin vajzat ilire e epirote, t\u00eb cilat madje e kishin t\u00eb moralshme e si mburrje q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt i kishin t\u00eb ngjizur me perendit\u00eb politeiste, si\u00e7 Penelopa me Panin, Olimpia me Zeusin, Melisa me Poseidonin etj, ato madje mund t\u00eb shkonin me k\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin edhe kur ishin vajza, mund t\u00eb kishin edhe f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri quheshin virgj\u00ebresha, si\u00e7 Afrodita, Fatija etj!
\n\u201cN\u00eb Iliri, ndodh edhe di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr: shpesh nj\u00eb grua shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb kur i vjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb pjell\u00eb. largohet pak nga vendi i pun\u00ebs dhe pasi lirohet nga f\u00ebmija, e sjell thuajse nuk e lindi por e gjeti. Gjithashtu edhe vajzave, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00ebzet vje\u00e7are q\u00eb atje i quajn\u00eb virgj\u00ebresha, zakoni nuk ua ndalon, q\u00eb para martes\u00ebs t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb me at\u00eb q\u00eb duan, t\u00eb enden vet\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb ken\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u2026\u201d
\n(Varroni, De Re Rustica, Lib. II, 10)<\/p>\n

Por, njeriu si njeriu, si Ademi: i pa bindur, mosbesimtar dhe p\u00ebrgojues, qysh n\u00eb gen! K\u00eb nuk mori n\u00ebp\u00ebr goj\u00eb, edhe Zotat politeist\u00eb \u2026 edhe grat\u00eb e dashnoret e pejgamber\u00ebve, Merjem\u00ebn e virgj\u00ebr edhe at\u00eb jo t\u00eb virgj\u00ebr\u00ebn\u2026 deri edhe vet\u00eb virgj\u00ebreshat\u2026 dhe Hyllesh\u00ebn \u2013 Nexhmijen?!
\nLe t\u00eb shpresojm\u00eb se brezat e ardhsh\u00ebm, individ\u00ebt e shquar dhe studimet kolektive do japin vepra, p\u00ebrkthime e komentime shum\u00eb m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore dhe shkencore. P\u00ebr ne kaq qe rrisku ose kismeti\u2026<\/p>\n

Tags<\/strong>: Agron Luka, Amerigo Vespu\u00e7it, Ferdinando Magelanit, Homerit, Kolombit, Melisa me Poseidonin, Olimpia me Zeusin, Penelopa me Panin, Profecia e Tirezias, Uliksi, Vasko De Gam\u00ebs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Agron Luka Homeri p\u00ebrball\u00eb Ovidit dhe Dantes: Vdekja e \u00ebmb\u00ebl e eksploratorit Uliks dhe e ekuipazhit t\u00eb tij, n\u00eb \u201cishullkontinentin Atlantida\u201d (Odiseja, K\u00ebnga XI) \u2013 dhe mbytje fundosja e tij fatzez\u00eb megjith ekupiazh n\u00eb Oqeanin jugor Atlantik dhe rid\u00ebnimi n\u00eb Ferr (Ovidi, Metamorfozat,19; Dante, Ferri, K\u00ebnga XXVI). 1. Sot dhe dje\u2026! Me nj\u00eb celular […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cMISTERI I PROFECIS\u00cb I HIJES S\u00cb TIREZIAS\u201d P\u00cbR ULIKSIN \u201cZBULUESIN E BOT\u00cbS S\u00cb RE\u201d\u2026 - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/misteri-i-profecise-i-hijes-se-tirezias-per-uliksin-zbuluesin-e-botes-se-re\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cMISTERI I PROFECIS\u00cb I HIJES S\u00cb TIREZIAS\u201d P\u00cbR ULIKSIN \u201cZBULUESIN E BOT\u00cbS S\u00cb RE\u201d\u2026 - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nga Agron Luka Homeri p\u00ebrball\u00eb Ovidit dhe Dantes: Vdekja e \u00ebmb\u00ebl e eksploratorit Uliks dhe e ekuipazhit t\u00eb tij, n\u00eb \u201cishullkontinentin Atlantida\u201d (Odiseja, K\u00ebnga XI) \u2013 dhe mbytje fundosja e tij fatzez\u00eb megjith ekupiazh n\u00eb Oqeanin jugor Atlantik dhe rid\u00ebnimi n\u00eb Ferr (Ovidi, Metamorfozat,19; Dante, Ferri, K\u00ebnga XXVI). 1. 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