{"id":32968,"date":"2018-09-18T02:51:36","date_gmt":"2018-09-18T00:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=32968"},"modified":"2018-09-18T04:34:32","modified_gmt":"2018-09-18T02:34:32","slug":"toka-rritet-nuk-zgjerohet-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/toka-rritet-nuk-zgjerohet-si\/","title":{"rendered":"TOKA RRITET, NUK ZGJEROHET. SI?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Toka nga VShehu Korrik 18, 2018<\/em>
\n(Prezantim i P\u00ebrmbledhur i Gjeo-Teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Transformimit t\u00eb Materies<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Nga Vedat Shehu<\/strong>
\nOf Department of Geosciences, Tirana University, Albania<\/em>
\nRetired, USA 115 Nor\u00ebood St., Sharon, MA 02067<\/em>
\nvedshehu@yahoo.com<\/a>;
\nFix: + 781 806 5638;
\nMobil: + 774 258 1452<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V\u00cbSHTRIM I PERMBLEDHUR<\/h3>\n

Pik\u00ebnisje e teoris\u00eb time \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti gjer\u00ebsisht i njohur i rritjes s\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pllakave tektonike t\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs nga magma q\u00eb ngjitet p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb dhe ngurt\u00ebsohet. Kjo rritje e pllakave tektonike shpreh rritjen e krejt litosfer\u00ebs dhe vler\u00ebsohet nga un\u00eb, n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt t\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave, si fenomen i pakthyesh\u00ebm, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, magma duhet t\u00eb prodhohet pa nd\u00ebrprerje nga ndonj\u00eb faktor qe vepron brenda b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa fenomeni i rritjes s\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs shpreh\u00eb rritjen e gjith\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ky faktor duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej ndonj\u00eb materie kozmike t\u00eb tej-dend\u00ebsuar n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb transformueshme, me funksion si thelb i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konsoliduar, kur masa e qet\u00eb e res\u00eb kozmike u vu n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje rrotulluese dhe kaloi n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e trupave t\u00eb diskut planetar t\u00eb sistemit diellor. Nj\u00eb premis\u00eb e till\u00eb, si kjo e interpretimit tim, \u00ebsht\u00eb e papranueshme nga teoria standarde e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs t\u00eb stabilizuar n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb pandryshueshme, e cila bazohet n\u00eb fakte t\u00eb hershme, tashm\u00eb t\u00eb mbetura t\u00eb paplot\u00ebsuara, me faktet e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme t\u00eb zbuluara deri m\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n

Shkurt, un\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb merresha me zgjidhjen e problemit q\u00eb del nga nj\u00eb fenomen i till\u00eb i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i Tok\u00ebs si planet dhe t\u00eb arsyetoja e p\u00ebrcaktoja ekzistenc\u00ebn dhe rolin e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, pa analizuar e ri-integruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e hershme me faktet e reja t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme dhe pa p\u00ebrcaktuar defektet e teoris\u00eb standarde t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi fikse.<\/p>\n

Un\u00eb e pata arsyetuar defektin esencial n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e standardizuar; kur fillova t\u00eb dyshoj\u00eb arsyetimin p\u00ebr burimin e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb prej radioizotopeve, p\u00ebrmbajtja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve, n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinjt\u00eb q\u00eb formoheshin prej ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs, si mostra nga brendia e thell\u00eb e Tok\u00ebs, ishte e pap\u00ebrfillshme. Aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, teoria standarde m\u00eb impononte t\u00eb pranoja se burimi i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb ishte faktori i veprimtaris\u00eb magmatike dhe zhvillimit gjeologjik.<\/p>\n

Kjo ide, e lindur n\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebn time, pik\u00ebrisht kur un\u00eb duhet t\u00eb interpretoja origjin\u00ebn e damarit t\u00eb graniteve brenda seris\u00eb s\u00eb bazalt\u00ebve n\u00eb zon\u00ebn ofiolitike\u207d\u2074\u2078\u207e t\u00eb Albanideve (t\u00eb trojeve Shqiptare), ca vjet para se t\u00eb publikohej zbulimi i rritjes s\u00eb pllakave tektonike globale dhe para se un\u00eb t\u00eb njihesha me shpjegimin e k\u00ebtij fenomeni n\u00ebn titullin Tektonika e Pllakave, u aktivizua me nj\u00eb vones\u00eb prej vitesh.<\/p>\n

Gjetja e k\u00ebtyre defekteve n\u00eb hipotez\u00ebn kozmologjike standarde, dhe njohja e tyre nga opinioni shkencor, patjet\u00ebr q\u00eb, do ta p\u00ebrmbyste barrier\u00ebn e autoritetit kozmologjik q\u00eb e ka p\u00ebrftuar Tektonika e Pllakave n\u00eb pajtim me origjin\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb fiksuar dhe k\u00ebshtu, do t\u00eb hapej udha p\u00ebr t\u00eb argumentuar ekzistenc\u00ebn, funksionin dhe origjin\u00ebn e thelbit te ultra-ngjeshur t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si faktor i formimit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet procesit t\u00eb rritjes.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pozicionuar, si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb qend\u00ebr-sferike e ultra-holl\u00eb prej nj\u00eb trajte materieje t\u00eb ultrangjeshur, diku nd\u00ebrmjet b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb ngurte dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt (q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeosfer\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb), por n\u00eb brezin periferik t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb,<\/p>\n

Fjal\u00eb ky\u00e7: Rritja e Tok\u00ebs, gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb, magma, thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, nxeht\u00ebsi, kozmos.<\/p>\n

\n

1. SHKURTIMISHT MBI RRITJEN E PLLAKAVE TEKTONIKE SI PROCESS I PAKTHYESH\u00cbM<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pllakat Tektonike dhe Teoria e Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po e theksoj se teoria ime e rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs prej transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ka si pik\u00ebnisje rritjen e pllakave tektonike prej prurjeve lart\u00eb dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs si fenomen i pakthyesh\u00ebm d.m.th. i pa-qarkulluesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, rritja e pllakave tektonike nuk i p\u00ebrket interpretimit t\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave.<\/p>\n

Si i till\u00eb, fenomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqje e nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb q\u00eb, nga nj\u00eb an\u00eb, p\u00ebrcjell p\u00ebrjashta drejt siperfaqe mas\u00ebn e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb (e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme) si magm\u00eb, q\u00eb, duke u ngurt\u00ebsuar rrit litosfer\u00ebn dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe te gjitha shtresat qend\u00ebr sferike t\u00eb mantelit dhe m\u00eb tej edhe drejt b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb, kurse nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ky proces prodhon magm\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar mas\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb qe largohet prej b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme. Ky proces, pra, shkaktohet nga shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e vetvetishme e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb duhet te jet\u00eb formuar qysh n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kalimit t\u00eb materialit t\u00eb res\u00eb kozmike n\u00eb trupat e sistemit diellor.<\/p>\n

Problematika e Rritjes s\u00eb Pllakave Tektonike t\u00eb Litosfer\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ebn titulli i teoris\u00eb sime, \u201cGjeoteoria e Transformimit t\u00eb Materies Kozmike\u201c, shpreh tamam realitetin q\u00eb rritja e Tok\u00ebs shkaktohet nga q\u00eb n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetik\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs ka funksionuar, q\u00eb gjat\u00eb procesit kozmik t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb sistemit diellor, thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb qend\u00ebr-sferike e ultra-ngjeshur, e tej-holl\u00eb, diku midis b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt dhe b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt (t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb), porse brenda brezit periferik t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fenomeni i mir\u00ebnjohur, q\u00eb rritja e pllakave tektonike shpreh rritjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs prej ngjitjes p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrqark kontinenteve t\u00eb cop\u00ebtuar nga lineamentet tektonike globale, \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur nga Tektonike e Pllakave k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig.1, pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00eb prej saj shpjegohet si proces ciklik.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 1. Rritja e kores Tok\u00ebsore p\u00ebrqark kontinenteve<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga rrjeti i internetit<\/em>)<\/p>\n

N\u00ebp\u00ebr k\u00ebto lineamente globale ngrihet p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb mama dhe ngurt\u00ebsohet duke formuar kore t\u00eb re me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme prej bazalt\u00ebsh q\u00eb formohet n\u00eb depresionet e Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrqark strukturave t\u00eb ngritura t\u00eb kontinenteve me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike.
\nNga mesi i viteve gjasht\u00ebdhjet\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar, kur zhvendosja e kontinenteve u v\u00ebrtetua n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet formimit t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb t\u00eb kores s\u00eb re t\u00eb fundit oqeanik me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme bazaltike p\u00ebrqark blloqeve apo pllakave kontinentale me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike, u themelua Tektonika e Pllakave si\u00e7 shihet n\u00eb Fig. 2, ku koria e vjet\u00ebr e kontinenteve (40% e sip\u00ebrfaqes) rrethohet nga koria e re oqeanike (60%), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar gradualisht prej prurjeve sip\u00ebr dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig.2. v\u00ebshtrim n\u00eb procesin e rritjes s\u00eb kores s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs me kore bazaltike t\u00eb tabanit oqeanik rreth kontinenteve, n\u00eb pajtim me interpretimet e Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti i Internetit<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Rritja graduale e kores s\u00eb tabanit oqeanik ka filluar 200 milion vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb me formimin e brezave vullkanik\u00eb prej bazaltesh q\u00eb n\u00eb figur\u00eb jan\u00eb ngjyrosur sipas mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb formimit prej fillimit n\u00eb roz\u00eb dhe m\u00eb tej, brezat e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm i shohim n\u00eb vjollc\u00eb, n\u00eb blu, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebruar-blu, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, n\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb dhe brezat e epok\u00ebs recente-bashk\u00ebkohore n\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lineamenteve tektonik, \u00e7arjeve globale t\u00eb luginave tektonike t\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto \u00e7arje tektonike globale filluan si linja kufitare te kontinenteve t\u00eb cop\u00ebtuar prej kores t\u00eb hershme kontinentale unike.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 3. Paraqitja e ides\u00eb s\u00eb Wegener-it; fragmenteve e cop\u00ebtuar t\u00eb kores unike kontinentale me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme graniktike. Aktualisht dihet se ndarja e tyre ndodhi dhe vazhdon prej formimit rishtas t\u00eb kores oqeanike me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme bazaltike.<\/strong> (Marre nga rrjeti i internetit<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Prurjet e magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre lineamenteve globale shkaktuan formimin e kores s\u00eb re p\u00ebrqark plisave kontinental dhe ky proces shkaktoi largimin e kontinenteve nga nj\u00ebri tjetri, te cil\u00ebt ishin pllakat fillestare tektonike, fragmente t\u00eb kores unike kontinentale t\u00eb quajtur Pangea, sipas hipotez\u00ebs s\u00eb Wegener-it\u207d\u2075\u2076\u207e t\u00eb Zhvendosjes s\u00eb Kontinenteve (Continental Drift) n\u00eb pajtim me formimin e Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb fiksuar; nd\u00ebrsa momenti i cop\u00ebtimit t\u00eb Pangea-s paraqitet k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig.3.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, n\u00eb \u00e7erekun e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar, hipoteza e Wegener-it nuk u pranua p\u00ebr mospasje t\u00eb asnj\u00eb mekanizmi t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb Wegener-i, hipotez\u00ebn e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Ekspansion\u207d\u2074\u2074\u207e, e kishte konsideruar t\u00eb pamundshme, po ashtu, p\u00ebr munges\u00eb t\u00eb asnj\u00eb mekanizmi t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebndrim si Wegener-i mbajt\u00ebn edhe themeluesit e Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave, e p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebn Ekspansionin.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, interpretimi n\u00eb pajtim me autoritetin e konsensusit shkencor dhe t\u00eb opinionit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr Tok\u00ebn me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb fiksuar, rritja e pakthyeshme e kores nuk mund t\u00eb pranohet si proces i mundsh\u00ebm, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas zbulimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fenomeni t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm, prej studiuesve bashk\u00ebkohor u pat vler\u00ebsuar shtremb\u00ebr si fenomen i kthyesh\u00ebm dhe, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohej shkaku i ri real i rritjes s\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs, fenomeni iu p\u00ebrshtat korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb teoris\u00eb standarde, tashme t\u00eb vjet\u00ebrsuar, pik\u00ebrisht prej zbulimeve te reja.<\/p>\n

Mbi Tektonik\u00ebn e Pllakave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Faktikisht, Tektonika e Pllakave e shpjegon drejt faktin e rritjes s\u00eb pllakave tektonike si shfaqje e rritjes s\u00eb kores oqeanike p\u00ebrqark kontinenteve, nd\u00ebrsa interpretimin e rritjes, ajo e shpjegon shtremb\u00ebr, sikur koria e vjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb fundosur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn madh\u00ebsi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb asimiluar nga brendia q\u00eb gjeneron nxeht\u00ebsi. K\u00ebtej, p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar t\u00eb dyja, koria dhe Toka n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi konstante, \u00ebsht\u00eb hamend\u00ebsuar sikur gjoja rreth 60% e kores fillestare t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fundosur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb asimiluar prej mantelit n\u00eb qarkullim.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, q\u00eb t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb kaq t\u00eb madhe e kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr ti l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin kores s\u00eb re dhe t\u00eb mohohet rritja e pakthyeshme e litosfer\u00ebs, nga Tektonika e Pllakave \u00ebsht\u00eb sajuar marifeti i quajtur n\u00ebnkalim (subduksion) \u207d\u00b9\u00b9\u207e.<\/p>\n

Aty n\u00eb Fig. 4 paraqitet marifeti i n\u00ebnkalimit t\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave q\u00eb shkakton gjoja kalimin e litosfer\u00ebs drejt thell\u00ebsis\u00eb (Fig, 4 A), e cila, nga nj\u00eb an\u00eb rritet prej ngjitjes p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb dhe ngurosjes t\u00eb magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike, dhe ne an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, fundoset brenda ne mantel p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb transheve imagjinare te n\u00ebnkalimit, mandej kthehet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri tek kreshtat si magm\u00eb q\u00eb shkakton rritjen e litosfer\u00ebs qarkulluese (Fig. 4 B).<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>
\n\"\"B<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 4. Pamje e marifetit t\u00eb n\u00ebnkalimit (subduksionit) q\u00eb mohon realitetin e rritjes s\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>litosfer\u00ebs n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pakthyeshme.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjet<\/em>i)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, funksioni i n\u00ebnkalimit \u00ebsht\u00eb argumentuar si i papranuesh\u00ebm\u207d\u2075\u2074\u207e, por asnj\u00ebri nuk ka mundur apo nuk ka dashur t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb defektet te origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb standardizuar t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa kritika ndaj Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave kalon ne an\u00ebn e interpretimit t\u00eb ri te kontinenteve t\u00eb fiksuar, sipas oqeanizimit t\u00eb kores globale kontinentale me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb pandryshueshme t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs\u207d\u00b3\u2076\u207e.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm tjet\u00ebr i sajuar nga Tektonika e Pllakave \u00ebsht\u00eb nocioni astenosfrer\u00eb, nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb e rrjedhshme e mantelit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrm n\u00ebn litosfer\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, n\u00ebn litosfer\u00eb zgjerohen strukturat sht\u00ebllungore, me t\u00eb cilat mbartet masa e shkrir\u00eb e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme (e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb) p\u00ebr n\u00eb vatrat vullkanike (Fig. 17), gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb rritjes.
\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, lidhur me standardizimin e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb fiksuar t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, Ekspansioni apo Rritja e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb mohuar dhe p\u00ebrbuzur, duke u etiketuar edhe si besim pseudoshkencor\u207d\u2076\u2075\u207e.<\/p>\n

Marifeti i N\u00ebnkalimit,
\nBarrier\u00eb e Pakap\u00ebrcyeshme p\u00ebr Thelbin e B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teoria ime e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, pas integrimit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vjetra dhe t\u00eb reja nga Toka dhe kozmosi, ka nxjerr\u00eb konkluzionin q\u00eb rritja e kores s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fenomen i pakthyesh\u00ebm dhe q\u00eb magma, si mas\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb, prodhohet nga thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar gjat\u00eb konsolidimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs si planet.<\/p>\n

Por, kund\u00ebr k\u00ebtij konkluzioni t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs dhe rolit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb e pakap\u00ebrcyeshme q\u00ebndron n\u00ebnkalimi(subduksioni) i Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave. Pra, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar shkakun e procesit t\u00eb pakthyesh\u00ebm t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb pllakave, ne duhet ta heqim nga imazhi n\u00ebnkalimin e Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb pllakave, si sajim i rrem\u00eb me rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb futura thell\u00eb brenda n\u00eb defektet t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb standardizuar t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00eb ajo tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vjet\u00ebrsuar.<\/p>\n

Defektet e Hipotez\u00ebs s\u00eb Standardizuar t\u00eb Origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs,<\/strong>
\nAutoritet i Shtirur i Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tektonika e Pllakave i ka ngulur rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e veta thell\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto defekte dhe, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet marifetit t\u00eb saj, n\u00ebnkalimit, ka p\u00ebrftuar autoritet t\u00eb rrem\u00eb sikur gjoja ky marifet nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e konformizmit me interpretimin kozmologjik por provon origjin\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs fikse. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb m\u00eb un\u00eb shtr\u00ebngon t\u00eb shkul autoritetin e Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave t\u00eb fshehur n\u00ebn autoritetin e teoris\u00eb kozmologjike q\u00eb ka defektet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/em>, teoria e standardizuar nuk e shpjegon faktorin q\u00eb ngacmoi ren\u00eb e qet\u00eb kozmike t\u00eb vihet n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje vorbulluese dhe materialin p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs t\u00eb saj t\u2019a kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb trupat e diskut t\u00eb sistemit diellor.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/em>, ajo supozon gabimisht q\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsia e brendshme e Tok\u00ebs (si e \u00e7do planeti) del nga dy burime: prej akumulimit aspak t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7liruar gjat\u00eb formimit t\u00eb planetit dhe prej nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7liruar nga zb\u00ebrthimi i izotopeve radioaktive t\u00eb mang\u00ebt ne mas\u00ebn e planetit. Nd\u00ebrsa, tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb llogaritur q\u00eb t\u00eb dy burimet hipotetike mund t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb maksimumi 53% t\u00eb energjis\u00eb q\u00eb rrezatohet nga Toka n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb dhe burimi, q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb deficitin prej 47%, mbetet i panjohur.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/em>, bile standardi teorik supozon q\u00eb b\u00ebrthama ka precipituar\u207d\u2074\u2077\u207e si nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e shtang\u00ebt, kur Toka ka pas qen\u00eb nj\u00eb rruzull krejt shkrir\u00eb prej nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb nga k\u00ebto burime aspak t\u00eb mundshme, nd\u00ebrsa, tashm\u00eb dihet se b\u00ebrthama ka nj\u00eb strukture energjetike krejt t\u00eb vet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, dy alternativat e Tok\u00eb me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb fiksuar jan\u00eb; Tektonika e Pllakave e zhvendosjes s\u00eb kontinenteve dhe oqeanizimi \u207d\u00b3\u2076\u207e i kontinenteve t\u00eb pal\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebn p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn sesi koria tok\u00ebsore fillestar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb asimiluar nga n\u00ebnvetja.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, ne, duke p\u00ebrcaktuar thelbin e tej-ngjeshur t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht jemi duke hequr mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e teoris\u00eb standarde q\u00eb jan\u00eb barrier\u00eb e rreme kund\u00ebr Zgjerimit dhe Rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Zgjerimit i Tok\u00ebs,
\nMohim i N\u00ebnkalimit t\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat t\u00eb dh\u00ebna faktike jan\u00eb argumente baz\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja alternativat, Tektonik\u00ebn e Pllakave dhe Zgjerimin, prandaj teoria Tektonika e Pllakave pa mekanizmin e n\u00ebnkalimit detyrohet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet teori me titull real, \u201cPllakat Tektonike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Zmadhim\u201d dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb unifikoheshin k\u00ebto dy alternativa t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, teoricien\u00ebt\u207d\u00b9\u2079\u207e,\u207d\u2077a,b\u207e,\u207d\u2074\u00b9\u207e, p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit e Teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Zgjerim apo Ekspansion\u207d\u2076\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u00b2\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u2077\u207e\u207d\u2074\u00b2a,b,c\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u2070\u207e,\u207d\u00b9\u00b2\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u2075,\u207d\u2075\u00b2\u207e\u207e dhe interpretues t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs\u207d\u00b9\u00b3\u207e, me logkik\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit dhe n\u00ebn nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb ri mbi gjeo-tektonik\u00ebn, gjeo-stratigrafin\u00eb, gjeo-paleomagnetizmin dhe gjeo-klimatologjin\u00eb, kan\u00eb argumentuar domosdoshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e nj\u00eb procesi q\u00eb shkakton zmadhimin e Tok\u00ebs dhe kan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah mos-ekzistenc\u00ebn e n\u00ebnkalimit me k\u00ebto argumente baz\u00eb:<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/em>, n\u00ebnkalimi si faktor i zvog\u00eblimit mohohet vetvetiu nga alternativa e Zmadhimit i quajtur Zgjerim si interpretim i natyrsh\u00ebm dhe i vetmi variant i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar fenomenin e rritjes s\u00eb kores tok\u00ebsore si shfaqje e rritjes s\u00eb krejt Tok\u00ebs, pavar\u00ebsisht defektit t\u00eb tij q\u00eb nuk ka p\u00ebrcaktuar faktorin e sakt\u00eb q\u00eb shkakton zgjerimin (zmadhimin). N\u00eb fakt, n\u00ebse teoricien\u00ebt e Zgjerimit do t\u00eb konsideronin faktor thelbin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb teoria nuk do mbante m\u00eb titullin \u201cZgjerim\u201d dhe do t\u00eb quhej \u201cRritja e Tok\u00ebs prej transformimit t\u00eb materies\u201d.<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>
\n\"\"B<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 5. V\u00ebshtrim i rritjes s\u00eb pllakave pa n\u00ebnkalim: A, e antarktikes; B, e Afrik\u00ebs<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti<\/em>, Zmadhimi shprehet me nj\u00eb fakt te padiskutuesh\u00ebm: Pllaka e Antarktid\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb proces rritjeje prej prurjeve sip\u00ebr t\u00eb magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7arjeve globale t\u00eb luginave tektonike mes oqeanike, nd\u00ebrsa transhet\u00eb e n\u00ebnkalimit nuk ekzistojn\u00eb (Fig. 5 A). Fenomen i ngjash\u00ebm v\u00ebrehet edhe te Pllaka e Afrik\u00ebs (Fig. 5 B), ku shigjetat tregojn\u00eb largimin e pllak\u00ebs afrikane si nga \u00e7arja e kresht\u00ebs s\u00eb Oqeanit Atlantik , edhe nga ajo e oqeanit Indian.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto dy fakte v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb qart\u00eb se t\u00eb dyja pllakat e t\u00eb dy plisave kontinental largohen nga \u00e7arjet tektonike t\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike, jo prej l\u00ebvizjes laterale (tangjente) dhe t\u00eb ri-shkrirjes s\u00eb tyre, si\u00e7 interpretohet nga Tektonika e Pllakave (shih shigjetat tek Fig. 5 B), por prej zhvendosjes radiale (vertikale), si pasoj\u00eb e rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/em>, zmadhimi i Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar eksperimentalisht prej p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsve t\u00eb Zmadhimit: blloqet kontinentale t\u00eb kores u vun\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt ndaj nj\u00ebri tjetrit duke interpretuar puthitjen n\u00eb modele sferash me rreze t\u00eb ndryshme dhe u v\u00ebrejt se puthitja pothuajse e plot\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb globin m e rreze 1.6 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl sesa rrezja aktuale e Tok\u00ebs\u207d\u2075\u2075\u207e, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson 40% t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb sotme.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti<\/em>, Me interpretimin e Zgjerimit shpjegohen tamam fragmentet e kores kontinentale brenda kores oqeanike t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb 85 raste\u207d\u2075\u2079\u207e. K\u00ebto copa fragmentare kontinentesh jan\u00eb mbetje t\u00eb p\u00ebshtjellja prej prurjeve t\u00eb magm\u00ebs gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb zgjerimit.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebshtrim i Rritjes s\u00eb Kores n\u00eb Kreshtat Mes oqeanike,
\nP\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kontaktit Pllakave Tektonike<\/strong>
\nKonkretisht, n\u00eb Fig. 6 A paraqitet skema e formimit t\u00eb brezave bazaltik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm (a, b, c) t\u00eb formuar prej prurjeve t\u00eb magm\u00ebs n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb studimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb polaritetit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs magnetike; n\u00eb Fig. 6 B shihet nj\u00eb paraqitje artistike t\u00eb prurjes s\u00eb magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb linj\u00ebs tektonike aktuale q\u00eb kufizon pllakat tektonike,<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>
\n\"\"B<\/strong>
\n\"\"C<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 6. V\u00ebshtrim mbi procesin e formimin e brezave bazaltik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm<\/strong>
\np\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb figur\u00ebn 6 C paraqitet nj\u00eb pamje e p\u00ebrgjithshme e rrjetit t\u00eb linjave tektonike p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb luginave tektonike globale t\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb figurat A dhe B shihet qart\u00eb, rritja e pllakave tektonike prej prurjeve dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb proces i pakthyesh\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb magma duhet t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga struktura energjetike e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb prodhohet nga thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs,
\nNocion i Rritjes prej Transformimit t\u00eb Materies<\/strong>
\nRritja \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i procesit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb materies, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb strumbullar i formimit, zhvillimit dhe rritjes s\u00eb specieve n\u00eb bot\u00ebn organike n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet fotosintez\u00ebs dhe metabolizmit.<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>
\n\"\"B<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 7. Procesi i rritjes n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb frutit dhe n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 7 demonstrohet ngjashm\u00ebria e procesit t\u00eb rritjes ne nj\u00eb frut\u00eb si pjeshka dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb planet si Toka<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, b\u00ebrthama e kokrr\u00ebs s\u00eb pjeshk\u00ebs (A) nuk ka precipituar, por \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur s\u00eb bashku me p\u00ebshtjelljet e veta, tuli dhe l\u00ebvorja n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb transformimit t\u00eb materies. Edhe b\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs (B) dhe gjeosferat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse rriten prej nj\u00eb procesi tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb transformimit t\u00eb materies; prej thelbit t\u00eb transformuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pozicionuar si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb qend\u00ebr-sferike e tej-holl\u00eb p\u00ebrmbi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb (me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe) e vendosur pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb nivelin e shiritit t\u00eb zi,<\/p>\n

Toka n\u00eb Rritje, Jo n\u00eb Zgjerim<\/strong>
\nRritja e Tok\u00ebs dhe Zgjerimi i Tok\u00ebs, si\u00e7 shihet n\u00eb Fig.8, nuk jan\u00eb sinonime. Rritja \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e transformimit t\u00eb materies, si\u00e7 rritet nj\u00eb frut\u00eb (Fig. 8 A), nj\u00eb trung (Fig. 8 B, 8 D), nd\u00ebrsa zgjerim do t\u00eb thot\u00eb fryrje, si tullumbace apo top (Fig. 8 C).<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, kuptohet qart\u00eb diferenca nd\u00ebrmjet rritjes (A, B, D) n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet transformimit t\u00eb materies dhe pasojat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb \u00e7arjes dhe zhvendosjes t\u00eb l\u00ebvozhg\u00ebs s\u00eb thar\u00eb t\u00eb trungut t\u00eb pem\u00ebs apo t\u00eb l\u00ebvores s\u00eb nj\u00eb fryti, krahasuar me zgjerimin (C) si pasoj\u00eb e ushtrimit t\u00eb forc\u00ebs dhe q\u00eb nuk l\u00eb \u00e7arje dhe zhvendosje te copave, pavar\u00ebsisht se te dy teorit\u00eb nisen nga e nj\u00ebjta premis\u00eb q\u00eb kontinentet jan\u00eb fragmente e kores unike kontinentale q\u00eb jan\u00eb larguar nga nj\u00ebri tjetri prej zhvendosjes radiale t\u00eb shkaktuar prej rritjes s\u00eb rrezes dhe jo me l\u00ebvizje tangjente n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb fiksuar t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, si\u00e7 e interpreton Tektonika e Pllakave.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 8. Diferenca nd\u00ebrmjet nocionit zgjerim dhe rritje: Zgjerimi I Tok\u00ebs si fryrje topi (C) dhe rritja dhe zhvillimi i Tok\u00ebs si rritje e nj\u00eb frute apo trungu peme (A, B, C).<\/strong> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\n

2. THELBI I B\u00cbRTHAM\u00cbS, FAKTORI I RRITJES S\u00cb TOK\u00cbS<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Faktikisht, marifeti i n\u00ebnkalimit \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar nga konsensusi shkencore si interpretim i drejt\u00eb dhe Zgjerimi, pa mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar si ide e pamundshme, nd\u00ebrsa thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si faktor i rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur q\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej nga konsensusi shkencor.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs P\u00ebrball\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave<\/strong>
\nNatyrisht, koncepti i ri i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur \u00ebsht\u00eb i pakuptuesh\u00ebm dhe i pa diskutuesh\u00ebm nga konsensusi shkencor. Nd\u00ebrsa, konsensusi shkencor nuk mund t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrfillet, e v\u00ebrteta shkencore e panjohur q\u00ebndron m\u00eb vete dhe pret nj\u00eb konsensus shkencor t\u00eb ri. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb un\u00eb argumentova ekzistenc\u00ebn dhe rolin e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs si ve\u00e7ori imja e Teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Rritje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar me tituj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm\u207d\u2074\u2078\u207e, \u207d\u2074\u2079a, b, c, d\u207e, \u207d\u2075\u2070\u207e, \u207d\u2075\u00b9\u207e dhe v\u00ebrteton se rritja e litosfer\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb proces i pa kthyesh\u00ebm prej prurjes s\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme q\u00eb plot\u00ebsohet prej transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Rritja e Litosfer\u00ebs prej Magm\u00ebs nga Gjeosfera e Shkrir\u00eb,
\nPasoj\u00eb e Transformimit t\u00eb Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nKoria si pjesa e sip\u00ebrme e litosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shtang\u00ebt (Fig. 9), tektonikisht sillet si litosfer\u00eb dhe, nocioni pllakat tektonike t\u00eb kores, ka kuptimin pllakat tektonike t\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs. Koria diferencohet; \u00ebsht\u00eb e trash\u00eb si kore e vjet\u00ebr e kontinenteve dhe e holl\u00eb si kore e re e fundit oqeanik (Fig. 9) q\u00eb formohet si pasoj\u00eb procesi planetar t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinj\u00ebve. Faktori i procesit vepron n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb si thelb b\u00ebrthame.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nFig. 9. Dy tipa koresh, kontinentale dhe oqeanike si shtres\u00eb e sip\u00ebrme e litosfer\u00ebs.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>)
\nShpjegimet: Continental crust = kore kontinentale; Sedimentary deposits = depozitime sedimentare; Lithosphere = litosfer\u00eb; Plastic asthenosphee = astenosfera plastike; Upper mantle (down 670 km)= Manteli i sip\u00ebrm (deri n\u00eb 670 km).<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur gjer\u00ebsisht q\u00eb koria e depresioneve globale morfologjike e fundit oqeanik karakterizohet nga shtresa e sip\u00ebrme prej shk\u00ebmbinjsh bazaltik t\u00eb err\u00ebt, m\u00eb t\u00eb rend\u00eb t\u00eb formuar rishtas midis kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb lart\u00ebsive t\u00eb kontinenteve t\u00eb ve\u00e7uar q\u00eb karakterizohet nga shtresa e sip\u00ebrme prej granitesh t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb, si\u00e7 shihet n\u00eb Fig. 9.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 10 paraqiten shembujt e ngjashm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Kores tok\u00ebsore me at\u00eb t\u00eb planet\u00ebve q\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb se magma shk\u00ebmb-formuese formohet nga i nj\u00ebjti faktor kozmik.<\/p>\n

A, Toka<\/strong>
\n\"\"B, H\u00ebna<\/strong>
\n\"\"C, Marsi<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 10. V\u00ebshtrim i t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kontrast midis kores se depresioneve dhe t\u00eb ngritjeve morfologjike n\u00eb: Tok\u00eb (A), n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb (B) dhe n\u00eb Mars (C).<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Pra koria e planet\u00ebve formohet nga i nj\u00ebjti proces i formimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs s\u00eb diferencuar n\u00eb koh\u00eb; n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinj t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe me ngjyr\u00eb te \u00e7elur t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me tipin e feldspat\u00ebve granitik n\u00eb strukturat morfologjike t\u00eb ngritura si kontinente dhe n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinj t\u00eb formuar rishtas m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt t\u00eb tipit bazaltik n\u00eb strukturat morfologjike t\u00eb ulura\u207d\u2075\u2078\u207e n\u00eb Tok\u00eb (A), n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb (B) dhe n\u00eb Mars (C).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, komponent\u00ebt e copave, cop\u00ebrinave, kokrrizave, apo grimcave t\u00eb imta deri pluhurore t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave nd\u00ebryjore dhe reve kozmike\u207d\u00b2\u2077\u207e,\u207d\u00b2\u2078\u207e,\u207d\u2076\u2074\u207e jan\u00eb komponent t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinjve q\u00eb formojn\u00eb planet\u00ebt, planetoidet dhe asteroidet dhe e kan\u00eb origjin\u00ebn nga ngurt\u00ebsimi i magm\u00ebs t\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb kushte kozmike shum\u00eb t\u00eb diferencuar.<\/p>\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, procesi i prodhimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs dhe formimit t\u00eb kores shk\u00ebmbore silikate n\u00eb Tok\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb proces universal kozmik, shpreh domosdoshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e pranis\u00eb s\u00eb transformimit t\u00eb trajt\u00ebs s\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur t\u00eb materies q\u00eb n\u00eb Tok\u00eb funksionon si thelb i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Gjeosfera e Shkrir\u00eb, Pjesa Esenciale e Tok\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nPjesa esenciale e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt e mir\u00ebnjohur n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb tejnxehur. Gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb ndodhet nd\u00ebrmjet b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs se brendshme t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt dhe mantelit t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt-viskoz, si\u00e7 v\u00ebrehet k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 11.
\nPra, nocioni Gjeosfer\u00eb e Shkrir\u00eb ngre problemin esencial te formimit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar q\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e till\u00eb qend\u00ebr-sferike e shkrir\u00eb prodhohet n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb bashku me nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese, pik\u00ebrisht nga thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 11. Gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb brenda (b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt) n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn statike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs nd\u00ebrmjet kores se brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb dhe mantelit viskoz-t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb nga rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Shpjegimet: Crust = koria; Mantle = manteli; Liquid outer core = b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gjeosfera e Shkrir\u00eb, Rezervuar i Magm\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nPozicioni ky\u00e7 i gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, apo i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt E, si\u00e7 njihet gjer\u00ebsisht, paraqitet n\u00eb vizatimin k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 12.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 12. Struktura energjetike e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, ku bije menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb sy gjeosfera e saj e shkrir\u00eb, d.m.th., b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt E, nd\u00ebrmjet gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb ngurt\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme G dhe mantelit t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt-viskoz D.<\/strong> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Shpjegimet: Most inner core = b\u00ebrthama m\u00eb e brendshme; Inner core = B\u00ebrthama e brendshme; Outer Core = b\u00ebrthama e jashtme; Outer transitory layer = shtresa kalimtare e jashtme.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gjeosfera e shkrire, q\u00eb demonstron pranin\u00eb, funksionimin dhe vendosjen e mundshme t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs; t\u00ebrheq menj\u00ebher\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen ton\u00eb si nj\u00eb gjeosfer\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: s\u00eb pari, me gjendjen e vet t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, s\u00eb dyti, me mas\u00ebn e vet prej rreth 29% t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe rreth 11 her\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se masa e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme dhe s\u00eb treti prej rolit t\u00eb shtresave kalimtare (D\u2019\u2019 & F) q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkohen nga masa e shkrir\u00eb; p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht; n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrjashta drejt mantelit t\u00eb shtang\u00ebt-viskoz (D) dhe n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrbrenda, drejt b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb (G).<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, magma nuk mund t\u00eb formohet vijueshm\u00ebrisht prej shkrirjes s\u00eb shk\u00ebmbinjve nga veprimi nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb pamjaftueshme, p\u00ebrkundrazi, ajo, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sht\u00ebllungave t\u00eb mantelit, p\u00ebrcillet nga gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb (d.m.th. nga b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e tejnxehur) drejt vatrave vullkanike (Fig. 17 A) dhe m\u00eb tej, ajo derdhet mbi sip\u00ebrfaqe si llav\u00eb vullkanike.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse magma largohet pa nd\u00ebrprerje, nuk mund ta zbraz gjeosfer\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb, sepse gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb funksionon si nj\u00eb rezervuar n\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr dinamik; masa e rezervuarit q\u00eb largohet si magm\u00eb, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me mas\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb prodhuar nga transformimi i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrcaktimi i Thelbit t\u00eb Padiktuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nPozicioni i thelbit t\u00eb tej-holl\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb regjistrohet me asnj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb i padiktuesh\u00ebm edhe prej shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb val\u00ebve sizmike kur p\u00ebrshkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb interval fare t\u00eb holl\u00ebn t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur. Porse, thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs mund t\u00eb dallohet prej efekteve t\u00eb transformimit q\u00eb ne i v\u00ebshtruam m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe q\u00eb po i analizojm\u00eb edhe tani n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb, n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb tej-nxehur, \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e domosdoshme e transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb funksionon si l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse; e cila, gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb transformimit, digjet, prodhon nxeht\u00ebsi dhe l\u00ebshon grimca t\u00eb padjegshme q\u00eb formojn\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat e atomeve t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb magm\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, n\u00ebse masa e larguar e shkrir\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese nuk do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohej, gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb (b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt) do t\u00eb ngurt\u00ebsohej shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ky proces do t\u00eb mbaronte kur l\u00ebnda djeg\u00ebse t\u00eb digjej t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht, sikurse ngurt\u00ebsimi i mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ka ndodhur n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00eb, n\u00eb Mars dhe Af\u00ebrdit\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb M\u00ebrkur, ku shprehet me nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb qend\u00ebr sferike t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb fare t\u00eb holl\u00eb (si b\u00ebrtham\u00eb e jashtme) dhe me nj\u00eb fush\u00eb magnetike fare t\u00eb dob\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Pozicionimi m\u00eb i mundsh\u00ebm i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i vizatuar n\u00eb figur\u00ebn 12, si vij\u00eb rrethore e nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb p\u00ebrmbi shtres\u00ebn kalimtare \u201cF\u201d p\u00ebr n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e brendshme \u201cG\u201d, diku brenda brezit kufitar t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme \u201cE\u201d d.m.th., t\u00eb gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Faktikisht, shtresat kalimtare (D\u2019\u2019 & F) demonstrojn\u00eb funksionin e tyre; n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tyre masa e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb ( e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs e jashtme \u201cE\u201d); duke u larguar si magm\u00eb, fillon t\u00eb ftohet dhe ngurt\u00ebsohet n\u00ebp\u00ebr udh\u00ebt e largimit n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrjashta dhe p\u00ebrbrenda dhe shkakton rritjen e Tok\u00ebs. Procesi i rritjes shpjegohet n\u00eb kapitullin e tret\u00eb dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet figurave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse (Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16).<\/p>\n

Pozicioni i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb ekran q\u00eb ndan apo kufizon t\u00eb dyja b\u00ebrthamat, megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i padiktuesh\u00ebm nga tomografia sizmike, v\u00ebrtetohet edhe nga nj\u00eb fenomen i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i p\u00ebrcaktuar nga gjeofizik\u00ebt. B\u00ebrthama e brendshme kryen nj\u00eb rrotullim t\u00eb plot\u00eb (p\u00ebr 24 or\u00eb) p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fraksion sekonde m\u00eb shpejt\u00eb sesa krejt Toka (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe gjeosfer\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb) dhe, pas rreth 355 vjet\u00ebsh, rrotullimi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme tejkalon rrotullimin e Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dit\u00eb. Kjo llogaritje e diferenc\u00ebs n\u00eb rrotullim v\u00ebrteton pik\u00ebrisht pranin\u00eb dhe funksionin e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb si nj\u00eb ekran, i ngjash\u00ebm me nj\u00eb diafragm\u00eb, e ndan rruzullin tok\u00ebsor n\u00eb dy sfera bashk\u00eb-qendrore; brenda dhe jasht\u00eb shtres\u00ebs qend\u00ebr-sferike t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ve\u00e7imi i boshtit magnetik prej atij gjeografik ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u2019i p\u00ebrkas rrotullimit t\u00eb diferencuar t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy sferave t\u00eb ndara nga shtresa si ekran e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Llogaritja e mas\u00ebs s\u00eb Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb sfer\u00eb bashk\u00eb-qendrore e tej-holl\u00eb dhe e tej-ngjeshur, z\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb (v\u00ebllim) shum\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfillshme dhe p\u00ebrmbledh nj\u00eb mas\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb pajtim me var\u00ebsin\u00eb funksionale t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb val\u00ebve sizmike (posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht shpejt\u00ebsia e \u201cp\u201d- val\u00ebve) ndaj densitetit, shihet nj\u00eb mosp\u00ebrputhje n\u00eb parimin e llogaritjes s\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb sferave koncentrike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet llogaritjes t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj mosp\u00ebrputhje, masa e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (d.m.th. e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme) do t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohej me nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn deri n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb. Ky zvog\u00eblim i p\u00ebrket mas\u00ebs s\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb 10% deri n\u00eb 15% t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, prej nga buron masa e shkrir\u00eb dhe nxeht\u00ebsia shoq\u00ebruese, \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse kozmike, dhe rrjedhimisht, si l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse, nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb prej izotopesh radioaktiv\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb as si mas\u00eb neutronike n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb\u207d\u00b2\u2079a, b\u207e, \u207d\u00b3\u2074\u207e. Natyrisht, nuk do t\u00eb kishte pas mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohej, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrpjekjeve me metoda laboratorike apo me eksperimente t\u00eb sofistikuara, ndonj\u00eb trajt\u00eb materieje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohej si materie p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Paraprakisht, vet\u00ebm me hamendje mund t\u00eb themi se thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, duke pasur origjin\u00eb nga materiali i shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb prej shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb objekti masiv t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur, q\u00eb shkakton fenomenin supernova, apo hipernova, p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet prej k\u00ebsaj materieje t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb; ka mund\u00ebsi nga kuark\u00eb apo nga ultra-n\u00ebn grimca t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse t\u00eb protonit dhe neutronit q\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb trajt\u00eb materieje specifike t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur dhe t\u00eb transformueshme.<\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrthimi i trajt\u00ebs s\u00eb panjohur t\u00eb materies te ultra-ngjeshur t\u00eb yllit masiv ka shkrepur dhe ndezur ciflat e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshura si t\u00eb ishin l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse kozmike; dhe ato vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb digjen si t\u00eb tilla. Pra, edhe thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, duke duke u djegur si l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse kozmike, transformohet nga trajta e panjohur t\u00eb materies n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb njohur.<\/p>\n

Aktualisht, p\u00ebrcaktimi i Einstein-it q\u00eb energjia \u00ebsht\u00eb materie e ka \u00e7uar nocionin e transformimit t\u00eb materies nga proceset kimike e biokimike t\u00eb elementeve kimik\u00eb drejt fushave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb fizik\u00ebs moderne\u207d\u00b9\u2070\u207e, \u207d\u00b2\u2070\u207e dhe kozmologjis\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb teoria e yllit kuark-neutronik, e vrim\u00ebs s\u00eb zez\u00eb apo e teoris\u00eb gravitomagnetike\u207d\u00b9\u2076\u207e. Tashm\u00eb, unifikimi i konceptit p\u00ebr trajtat e materies aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur\u207d\u00b9\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u207e,\u207d\u2074\u207e, por ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Trajtat e materies q\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb e transformohen jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n

– trajta e ultrangjeshur e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs (si e yjeve neutronik, vrimave t\u00eb zeza dhe b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb atomit);
\n– trajta e ultra-rralluar e energjis\u00eb (e flukseve valoro-korpuskulare t\u00eb fushave fizike dhe \u00e7do rrezatimi, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjeo-neutrinot\u207d\u00b2\u00b2\u207e);
\n– trajta e zakonshme atom-molekulare e proceseve kimike dhe biokimike.<\/p>\n

Plasma \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendje kalimtare e pa-stabilizuar e materies e cila transformohet n\u00eb rrezatim dhe elemente kimik\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjeve molekulare.
\nDruri \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse e zjarrit t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, i cili paraqitet si pik\u00eb qendrore e transformimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb materieje organike. Nd\u00ebrsa, nj\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse kozmike digjet d.m.th formohet zjarr. Zjarr kozmik \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe Dielli si yll, ku ndodh transformimi i materies kozmike, po ashtu q\u00eb rrezaton fusha fizike dhe nxjerr\u00eb si mbetje t\u00eb padjegshme b\u00ebrthamat e atomeve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtaret e lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb e konsideronin zjarrin, burimin e energjis\u00eb, si nj\u00eb trajt\u00eb materieje.<\/p>\n

Zakonisht, me nocionin \u201cenergji e brendshme e Tok\u00ebs\u201d ende kuptohet vet\u00ebm rrezatimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, porse, thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, gjat\u00eb transformimit, prodhon flukse valore- korpuskulare t\u00eb fushave fizike p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb rrezatimin e gjeoneutrinove dhe t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, po ashtu prodhohen edhe mbetjet e procesit t\u00eb djegies p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb atomeve t\u00eb Tabel\u00ebs Periodike. Ky dizintegrim i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me procesin e nukleosintez\u00ebs t\u00eb Diellit q\u00eb, nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me \u00e7lirimin e fushave fizike (t\u00eb elektromagnetizmit, magnetizmit, gravitetit dhe rrezatimit t\u00eb nutrinove) prodhon b\u00ebrthama atomesh.<\/p>\n

\n

3. V\u00cbSHTRIM MBI PROCESIN E RRITJES S\u00cb TOK\u00cbS
\nN\u00cbP\u00cbRMJET TRANSFORMIMIT T\u00cb THELBIT T\u00cb B\u00cbTHAM\u00cbS<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Rritja e Kores, Shfaqje e Rritjes s\u00eb t\u00eb Gjitha Gjeosferave<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu n\u00eb figurat (Fig. 13 & Fig.14) pasoja e procesit t\u00eb rritjes prej transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb prodhon materie atom-molekualre (q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn magm\u00ebn) se bashku me energjin\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb) q\u00eb furnizon gjeosfer\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb.
\nN\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme A t\u00eb figur\u00ebs 13 paraqitet pasoja e rritjes graduale e kores (litosfer\u00ebs) s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Oqeanit Atlantik Jugor te p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej brezash t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm bazaltik, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb formuar prej prurjeve dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lugin\u00ebs tektonike mes oqeanike p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 13. Formimi gradual i kores s\u00eb fundit<\/strong>
\nT\u00eb oqeanit Atlantik Jugor (A), q\u00eb fillon n\u00eb momentin (B) t\u00eb \u00e7arjes s\u00eb kores unike kontinentale.<\/em> (Autori<\/em>).
\nShpjegimet: Atlantic bottom section = Prerja e tabanit t\u00eb Oqeanit Atlantik; Start of theoceanic crust formation = Fillimi i formimit t\u00eb kore oqeanike; Mantle = manteli; outer core = b\u00ebrthama e jashtme; inner core = b\u00ebrthama e brendshme; D \u2018\u2019 layer = Shtresa D\u2019\u2019; core kernel = Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs; F layer = Shtresa F.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme B t\u00eb po k\u00ebsaj figure paraqitet momenti i \u00e7arjes s\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs unike me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb plisa (pllaka) kontinental t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe edhe momenti i fillimit t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb kores (litosfer\u00ebs) s\u00eb re me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme bazaltike t\u00eb tabanit oqeanik.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 14. Rruzulli v\u00ebshtrohet n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Jugut; Antarktida shihet lart<\/strong>.
\n– Skem\u00eb e idealizuar e rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrjashta dhe p\u00ebrbrenda shtres\u00ebs qend\u00ebrsferike t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb transformim, vizatuar si vij\u00eb harkore e ndrpere si shtresa 4.<\/em> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 14 paraqitet rritja e t\u00eb gjitha gjeosferave nga i nj\u00ebjti proces i p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb par\u00eb prej l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb magm\u00ebs n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrjashta dhe p\u00ebrbrenda.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb udh\u00ebn n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrjashta masa e shkrir\u00eb (5) e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme (\u2018E\u2019, n\u00eb Fig.12) me nxeht\u00ebsin\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese shkakton rritjen e gjeosferave t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme; s\u00eb pari furnizon dhe p\u00ebrshkon shtres\u00ebn kalimtare t\u00eb jashtme (6) (D\u2019\u2019, n\u00eb Fig. 12) dhe m\u00eb tej, n\u00ebp\u00ebr udh\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00ebguara drejt \u00e7arjeve t\u00eb luginave tektonike t\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr strukturat sht\u00ebllungore (t\u00eb paraqitura me shigjeta) furnizojn\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrshkojn\u00eb dhe arrijn\u00eb vatrat vullkanike dhe mandej sip\u00ebrfaqen si llav\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, shkaktohet rritja e shtresimeve gjeosferike t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme t\u00eb mantelit krahas formimit t\u00eb brezave bazaltik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kores tok\u00ebsore (14).<\/p>\n

Shtresa gjeosferike m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr e mantelit \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar n\u00ebn koren kontinentale gjat\u00eb konsolidimit t\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb rruzull me rreze m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl; nd\u00ebrsa formimi i kores aktuale p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb \u00e7arjeve t\u00eb luginave tektonike te kreshtave mes oqeanike lidhet me shtres\u00ebn kalimtare (6), apo D\u2019\u2019 (in Fig. 12). K\u00ebshtu, brezat bazaltik t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm te kores q\u00eb rritet (Fig. 2) i p\u00ebrgjigjen shtresimeve qend\u00ebr-sferike t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme t\u00eb mantelit q\u00eb rritet (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) deri te litosfera (12). Kjo paraqet lidhjen e rritjes se kores s\u00eb tabanit oqeanik me rritjen e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb shtresuar t\u00eb mantelit (Fig. 14).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb udh\u00ebn e vet n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrbrenda masa e shkrir\u00eb dhe nxeht\u00ebsia shoq\u00ebruese kalon me nj\u00eb fraksion t\u00eb diferencuar fare t\u00eb vog\u00ebl q\u00eb plot\u00ebson nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb periferik t\u00eb gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrire dhe, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shtres\u00ebs kalimtare 3 (e njohur si shtresa F) i shtohet b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme (2) deri tek b\u00ebrthama fare e brendshme {1).<\/p>\n

Proces Rritjeje pa u ndryshuar Masa e Tok\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nThelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtu, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet transformimit t\u00eb tij masa e Tok\u00ebs nuk ndryshon, sepse grimcat dhe ultra-grimcat q\u00eb \u00e7lirohen nga gjendja e tyre e ultra-ngjeshur n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e thelbit, ruajn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb edhe kur ri-konstruktohen n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn atom-molekulare t\u00eb materies, duke z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim jasht\u00ebzakonisht m\u00eb t\u00eb madh q\u00eb shkakton rritjen e Tok\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa thelbi humbet mas\u00eb dhe zmadhon diametrin e vet. Kurse, raporti i mas\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00e7lirohet si fusha fizike ndaj mas\u00ebs atom-molekulare ka nj\u00eb vler\u00eb fare t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Rritja e Tok\u00ebs, Proces i P\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm i Transformimit t\u00eb Materies<\/strong>
\nK\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 15 vihet re prania e brezave ofiolitik\u207d\u00b9\u2075a,b\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u00b9\u207e, brenda kores kontinentale.
\nBrezat ofiolitik\u00eb jan\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e shfaqjes fragmentare e procesit q\u00eb shkakton formimin e tipave shk\u00ebmbore t\u00eb tabanit oqeanik p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb luginave tektonike t\u00eb kreshtave mes-oqeanik\u207d\u00b9\u2074\u207e.<\/p>\n

Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull demonstrativ q\u00eb tregon se gjat\u00eb konsolidimit t\u00eb kores unike kontinentale vazhdonte formimi i brezave t\u00eb kores tok\u00ebsore prej shk\u00ebmbinjsh oqeanik krahas zhvillimit e konsolidimit t\u00eb kores tok\u00ebsore gjat\u00eb eon\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm; Arkaik, Protozoik\u207d\u2075\u207e,\u207d\u2076\u00b3\u207e, Fanerozoik\u207d\u00b3\u2079\u207e dhe n\u00eb vazhdim p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb brezave aktiv\u00eb me veprimtari vullkanike aktuale; p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike, unaz\u00ebs s\u00eb zjarrt\u00eb s\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit, Thyerjes s\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs Lindore si dhe p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb brezave t\u00eb tjer\u00eb me veprimtari vullkanike.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 15. Prania e brezave ofiolitik\u00eb si kore e re e tipit oqeanik nd\u00ebrmjet kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kontinenteve, fakt i p\u00ebrhershm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb kores, si rritje e Tok\u00ebs.<\/strong>
\n(Marr\u00eb nga Rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Legjenda e brezave ofiolitik:
\nE gjelb\u00ebr, brezi i Unaz\u00ebs Pacifike i Fanerozoikut; E verdh\u00eb, Brezi Alpe-Himalaj i Mesozoikut; Blu, Brezi Apala\u00e7e-Kaledoni-Ual i Palezoikut; Violet\u00eb, Brezi Mbare-Afrikan Proterozik i von\u00eb; E kuqe, Koria kontinentale.<\/p>\n

Mungesa e shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike p\u00ebrmbi brezat ofiolitik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tregues i qart\u00eb q\u00eb, gjat\u00eb penetrimit te ofioliteve, paretet e \u00e7arjes tektonike jan\u00eb larguar nga njeri tjet\u00ebri dhe se ka ndodhur nj\u00eb rritje e vog\u00ebl dhe e ngadalt\u00eb e kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr kotinentale me mas\u00ebn shtes\u00eb t\u00eb magm\u00ebs bazaltike dhe t\u00eb fragmenteve te mantelit.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb rritja nuk ka qen\u00eb proces i papritur spontan q\u00eb paska filluar rreth 200 milion vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, por proces i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm , nd\u00ebrsa rritja e vrullshme filloi dhe u manifestua n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demonstrative, kur udh\u00ebt mbizot\u00ebruese t\u00eb prurjeve lart t\u00eb magm\u00ebs u stabilizuan p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb dhe u b\u00ebn\u00eb \u00e7arje globale t\u00eb kreshtave mes oqeanike, ku aktualisht v\u00ebrehet fare qart\u00eb vazhdimi i fenomenit gjigant t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb kores oqeanike.<\/p>\n

Ky zhvillim i brezave ofiolitik\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, i masiv\u00ebve ultrabazik\u00eb si fragmente manteli brenda tyre, tregon q\u00eb ofiolit\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb ashkla si\u00e7 jan\u00eb interpretuar nga Tektonika e Pllakave n\u00eb brezin e l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm Alpe-Himalaje\u207d\u2076\u2070\u207e dhe as si tregues fragmentesh t\u00eb oqeanizuara te kores kontinentale t\u00eb pretenduar\u207d\u00b3\u2076\u207e, p\u00ebrderisa p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja dhe pozicioni strukturor i tyre tregojn\u00eb se ata jan\u00eb formuar \u201cn\u00eb vend\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aktualisht, ultrabazik\u00ebt futen si protruzione brenda kores bazaltike oqeanike q\u00eb formohet rishtas p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb luginave tektonike t\u00eb kreshtave s mes oqeanike\u207d\u00b9\u2074\u207e, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb unaz\u00ebs s\u00eb zjarrt\u00eb t\u00eb Paq\u00ebsorit, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Thyerjes s\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs Lindore, si dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr breza t\u00eb tjer\u00eb me vullkane aktiv\u207d\u2074\u00b2d,e\u207e,\u207d\u00b3\u00b9\u207e. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, formimi i brezave ofiolitik gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqje e rritjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme e Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu n\u00eb Figur\u00ebn 16 paraqitet modeli formimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb brezi ofiolitik fragmentar n\u00eb Albanide\u207d\u00b9\u2075a,b\u207e), nj\u00eb segment i shkurt\u00ebr karakteristik q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb an\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Dinarid\u00ebve qendror t\u00eb brezit orogjenik t\u00eb l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm Alpe-Himalaje\u207d\u2075\u00b3\u207e, i cili p\u00ebrfshin edhe Mesdheun si oqean n\u00eb formim\u207d\u2074\u00b3\u207e.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 16. Paraqitje skematike e zhvillimit strukturor t\u00eb brezit ofiolitik t\u00eb Albanideve gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb rritjes dhe largimit t\u00eb pareteve te \u00e7arjes globale t\u00eb kores t\u00eb zhvillimit para Alpin (shtresa vjollc\u00eb) dhe zhvillimit gjeotektonik Alpin (shtresa blu-t\u00eb gjelbra dhe t\u00eb verdha).<\/strong> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Ky brez i ofioliteve (formacioni blu i gjelb\u00ebruar: 3a, 3b, 3c,3d, 4a) u formua n\u00eb prag t\u00eb er\u00ebs Alpine (Permo-Triasike) nd\u00ebrmjet fragmenteve t\u00eb kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr (layer 1) me mbules\u00ebn sedimentare Paleozoike (shtresat vjollc\u00eb 2, 2a, 2b).<\/p>\n

Mandej, mbas formimit, brezi iu n\u00ebnshtrua zhvillimit gjeologjik, proceseve t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjeve tektonike, t\u00eb erozionit dhe sedimentimit dhe u mbulua me shtresa te nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme sedimentare gjat\u00eb Mesozoikut (shtresat blu t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebruara 5, 6, 7) dhe gjat\u00eb Kenozoikut (shtresat e verdh\u00eblleme dhe t\u00eb verdha (8a, 8b, 8C). Brezi ofiolitik, gjat\u00eb formimit t\u00eb mbules\u00ebs sedimentare, iu n\u00ebnshtrua dep\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb protruzioneve ultrabazike, si struktura fragmentare viskoze-elastike nga manteli.<\/p>\n

Strukturat sht\u00ebllungore, Mbart\u00ebse t\u00eb Mas\u00ebs s\u00eb Shkrir\u00eb<\/strong>
\nt\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Jashtme p\u00ebr n\u00eb Vatrat Vullkanike<\/strong>
\nStrukturat sht\u00ebllungore jan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar prej gjeofizik\u00ebve si shtylla te nxehta q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkojn\u00eb mantelin brenda mas\u00ebs relativisht t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb qe lidhin b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb me vatrat vullkanike\u207d\u00b2\u2074\u207e, \u207d\u2074\u2070\u207e, \u207d\u2076\u00b9\u207e.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 17, A shihet (n\u00eb tri faza; a, b, c), transportimi, prej strukturave sht\u00ebllungore, i mas\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb (b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jasht\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt) n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrjashta q\u00eb furnizon vatrat vullkanike me magm\u00eb, e cila vazhdon drejtimin p\u00ebrjashta dhe derdhet si lav\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Porse ky realitet shp\u00ebrfillet prej mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve t\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave; t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i konsiderojn\u00eb sht\u00ebllunga vet\u00ebm sikur p\u00ebrcjellin rrym\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsie\u207d\u00b2\u2074\u207e q\u00eb stimulon n\u00ebnveten e litosfer\u00ebs t\u00eb shkrij\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhet astenosfer\u00eb, shtres\u00eb e rrjedhshme q\u00eb shkakton qarkullimin e litosfer\u00ebs. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sforcim q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshton faktin real duke plot\u00ebsuar mekanizmin e shpikur t\u00eb quajtur n\u00ebnkalim (Fig. 17, B).<\/p>\n

A<\/strong>
\n\"\"B<\/strong>
\n\"\"Fig. 17. Dy prezantime skematike t\u00eb ndryshme te strukturave sht\u00ebllungore t\u00eb mantelit.<\/strong> (Marr\u00eb\u00a0<\/em>nga Rrjeti<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Faktikisht, dihet se, kur sht\u00ebllungat e super-nxehta t\u00eb mantelit arrijn\u00eb bazamentin e litosfer\u00ebs, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb laterale, nd\u00ebrsa e ashtuquajtura astenosfr\u00eb e Tektonik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pllakave \u00ebsht\u00eb interpretim i gabuar i kok\u00ebs s\u00eb shtrir\u00eb t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb transportuar prej sht\u00ebllungave t\u00eb mantelit, si\u00e7 shihet n\u00eb Fig. 17 A b. Pra, rezervuar i llav\u00ebs vullkanike nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vatra vullkanike, por gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb e njohur si b\u00ebrthama e jashtme e l\u00ebng\u00ebt
\nL\u00ebvizja dhe Konsolidimi i Magm\u00ebs n\u00eb Litosfer\u00eb,<\/p>\n

Shkaku i Fenomeneve Gjeodinamike<\/strong>
\nFaktori baze, q\u00eb shkakton fenomenet e brendshme gjeodinamike; vullkanet, t\u00ebrmetet dhe l\u00ebvizjet tektonike, thyerjet dhe rrudhosjet, \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizja e magm\u00ebs dhe formimi i strukturave me shk\u00ebmbinj magmati\u00eb n\u00eb litosfer\u00eb apo ne sip\u00ebrfaqe. Edhe fenomenin global t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb pllakave t\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs dhe largimin e tyre nga nj\u00ebra tjetra e shkakton l\u00ebvizja e magm\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu n\u00eb Fig. 18 paraqitet efekti i mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebllung\u00ebs, kur nd\u00ebrfutet brenda n\u00eb litosfer\u00eb dhe akumulohet n\u00eb vatrat vullkanike.<\/p>\n

Ky akumulim, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet konsolidimit si mas\u00eb shtes\u00eb, shkakton \u00e7ekuilibrim t\u00eb sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb gravitetit dhe si pasoje ushtron forc\u00eb nderjeje n\u00eb litosfer\u00eb. Forca rezultante midis forc\u00ebs radiale t\u00eb rritjes dhe forc\u00ebs nd\u00ebrres\u00eb p\u00ebr rivendosjen e ekuilibrit t\u00eb gravitetit sferik shkakton zhvendosjen diagonale te plisave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb litosfer\u00ebs. Kjo zhvendosje e litosfer\u00ebs shkakton proceset e shk\u00ebputjeve dhe rrudhosjeve dhe natyrisht edhe t\u00ebrmetet prej t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit shkak.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, struktura sht\u00ebllungore njihet ashtu si e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar sizmolog\u00ebt, vet\u00ebm si rim\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsie q\u00eb niset \u201cprej kufirit b\u00ebrtham\u00eb-mantel ………\u201d dhe kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr \u201czonat e thyerjes q\u00eb jan\u00eb kanale t\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nga b\u00ebrthama dhe q\u00eb ngrihet n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb cek\u00ebta t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Energjia sizmike depozitohet n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrshtatshme af\u00ebr sip\u00ebrfaqes \u201d \u207d\u00b9\u00b2a,b\u207e, duke shkaktuar t\u00ebrmetin. Ky do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb formulim i drejt\u00eb n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nocionit \u201cenergji\u201d do t\u2019i shtohej nocioni \u201cedhe magma, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb shprehej k\u00ebshtu \u201cmagma me energjin\u00eb shoq\u00ebruese akumulohet\u201d.<\/p>\n

Shpjegimet<\/strong>:
\nINNER GEODINAMIC PHENOMENA = FENOMENET GJEODINAMIKE T\u00cb BRENDSHME.
\nDisequilibrium of upcoming magma = \u00e7ekuilibrimi i materies te ardhur sip\u00ebr.
\nForce of gravity equilibrium = Forca e rivendosjes s\u00eb ekuilibrit t\u00eb gravitetit.
\nOverthrust replaces equilibrium = Mbi-zhvendosja rivendos ekuilibrin.
\nBrittle lithosphere = Litosfera e shtang\u00ebt.
\nAccumulation = Akumulim.
\nEarthquake boundary == Kufiri i t\u00ebrmeteve.
\nFlowing matter addition = Rrjedhja e materies s\u00eb shtuar
\nMantle = Manteli
\nNew generated matter from core = gjenerimi i ri i materies prej b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 18. Bllok-diagram skematik i proceseve gjeodinamike t\u00eb brendshme.<\/strong> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu pra, ngjarja sizmike ndodh, kur, ekuilibri i prishur i gravitetit, rivendoset p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb. Vet\u00ebkuptohet, fenomeni sizmik i t\u00ebrmetit p\u00ebrgatitet gradualisht prej procesesh t\u00eb brendshme dhe shfaqet befas, porse, sipas disa vrojtimeve, stimulohet prej veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb Diellit\u207d\u00b2\u2076\u207e dhe mund t\u00eb ngacmohet edhe prej pozicionimit t\u00eb drejtimit Diell-H\u00ebn\u00eb ndaj batic\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e epiqendr\u00ebs\u207d\u00b2\u00b9\u207e.<\/p>\n

Pra, goditja e t\u00ebrmetit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ngjarje spontane por pasoj\u00eb e prodhimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs dhe energjis\u00eb nga thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja, pas kalimit n\u00ebp\u00ebr rezervuarin e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb (b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme) akumulohen gradualisht n\u00eb litosfer\u00eb dhe reflektojn\u00eb sinjale n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e epiqendr\u00ebs, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb: \u00e7lirimi e grimcave dhe n\u00ebn-grimcave dhe b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb heliumit-3; deformimet e gjeomorfologjis\u00eb s\u00eb kores, prishja e fushave fizike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs si\u00e7 jan\u00eb fushat magnetike, gravitaconale dhe elektromagnetike p\u00ebrfshire fush\u00ebn e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb (gjeotermike). N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se k\u00ebto fenomene do t\u00eb vrojtoheshin dhe do t\u00eb regjistroheshin dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin si sinjale diagnostikimi, at\u00ebher\u00eb, regjistrimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse do t\u00eb shtronin udh\u00ebn q\u00eb do t\u2019iu mund\u00ebsonte sizmolog\u00ebve q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonin leht\u00ebsisht r\u00ebnien e t\u00ebrmeteve t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

\n

4. THELBI I B\u00cbRTHAMES DHE SISTEMI DIELLOR<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Dielli, qendra e sistemit planetar, pavar\u00ebsisht prej diferencave t\u00eb mir\u00ebnjohura me planet\u00ebt, ka me ta disa karakteristika t\u00eb ngjashme q\u00eb shfaqen prej origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb faktorit kozmik q\u00eb ka formuar sistemin. Ngjashm\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb funksionon brenda n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e planet\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb brendi t\u00eb Diellit n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e secilit trup kozmik.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb Planet\u00eb<\/strong>
\nQysh n\u00eb fillim, b\u00ebrthamat e planet\u00ebve u diferencuan n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me mas\u00ebn e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb res\u00eb n\u00eb sistem diellor.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht, planet\u00ebt me mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe me fush\u00eb graviteti m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl u rendit\u00ebn m\u00eb af\u00ebr Diellit, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb diskut diellor dhe u zhvilluan pa mbules\u00eb gazesh, nd\u00ebrsa planet\u00ebt me mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs u pozicionuan larg Diellit, prej gravitetit t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm i mbajt\u00ebn gazet dhe u konsoliduan me nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtjellje shum\u00eb t\u00eb dendur dhe t\u00eb trash\u00eb gazesh.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht nga masa, prania dhe niveli i konsumimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs deri n\u00eb shterim v\u00ebrehet qart\u00eb, kryesisht prej nivelit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs magnetike, rrezatimit dhe vullkanizmit aktual apo ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tij n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Ekzistenca e kores bazaltike n\u00eb M\u00ebrkur, Af\u00ebrdit\u00eb, Mars n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00ebn ton\u00eb dhe n\u00eb objekte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb tipit planet\u207d\u00b3\u2078\u207e, \u207d\u2076\u00b2\u207e \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e qart\u00eb e shuarjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb vullkanizmi intensiv p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht prej thelpinjsh b\u00ebrthamash, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht apo pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb transformuar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, transformimi i thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe vazhdimi n\u00eb faz\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimtare demonstrohet n\u00eb M\u00ebrkur\u00eb me nj\u00eb fush\u00eb magnetike fare t\u00eb dob\u00ebt dhe me pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb sfere bashk\u00ebqendrore t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb fare t\u00eb holl\u00eb (si b\u00ebrtham\u00eb e jashtme). Mandej, thelb b\u00ebrthame n\u00eb proces transformimi diktohet prej fush\u00ebs magnetike intensive n\u00eb planet\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj: Jupiter, Saturn, Uran, Neptun, edhe prej veprimtaris\u00eb vullkanike intensive n\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00ebn Io t\u00eb Jupiterit.<\/p>\n

Dielli, B\u00ebrtham\u00eb Gjigante Brenda Mbules\u00ebs me Gaze t\u00eb Tejnxehur<\/strong>
\nDielli, si \u00e7do yll n\u00eb renditjen kryesore, \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoje, jo e nivelit t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb hidrogjenit kthyer n\u00eb helium, por e nivelit t\u00eb transformimit te thelbit te ultra-ngjeshur t\u00eb tij, ngjash\u00ebm si n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, diferencuar prej madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pakrahasueshme t\u00eb pasqyruar n\u00eb planet\u00eb me mb\u00ebshtjellje t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb silikate apo gazesh t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb yje t\u00eb tipit Diell prej mb\u00ebshtjelljes prej gazesh t\u00eb tej-nxehur.<\/p>\n

Duke v\u00ebshtruar struktur\u00ebn e tejnxehur t\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb Diellit n\u00eb Fig. 19, dallohet leht\u00eb diferenca e papritur e temperatur\u00ebs midis fotosfer\u00ebs (rreth 6 000 K) dhe e kuror\u00ebs s\u00eb poshtme (> 1 000 000 K) q\u00eb tregon shp\u00ebrndarjen qend\u00ebr-ikse t\u00eb rrezatimit prej burimit energjetik t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm. Nxeht\u00ebsia q\u00eb rritet mbi fotosfer\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e intensifikimit t\u00eb djegies kozmike d.m.th., ndodh p\u00ebrshpejtimi i bashk\u00ebveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb ultra-grimcave, duke u larguar nga fotosfera.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, ky fenomen ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndodh edhe n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs; nxeht\u00ebsia q\u00eb del p\u00ebrjashta thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb ris temperatur\u00ebn q\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb gjendjen e shkrir\u00eb te krejt mas\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme, dhe, ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb shkaktoje nivelin me te lart\u00eb t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs aty nga niveli i mes\u00ebm i mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrire, para se t\u00eb filloje, ftohja graduale dhe r\u00ebnia drejt mantelit solid; nd\u00ebrsa, n\u00eb drejtim p\u00ebrbrenda thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebr n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn qendrore (t\u00eb brendshme) solide dhe temperatura duhet t\u00eb bjer\u00eb p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim disa fakte t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb interferenc\u00ebs Diell-Tok\u00eb si pasoj\u00eb e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit proces midis objektesh kaq shum\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb Dielli ndaj b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.
\n– Fusha magnetike e Tok\u00ebs ngacmohet nga flukset e er\u00ebs diellore dhe po ashtu prej aktivitetit sizmik t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrqark epiqendr\u00ebs, disa or\u00eb para se goditja t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb;
\n– \u00c7lirimi i neutrinove diellore \u00ebsht\u00eb analog me \u00e7lirimin e flukseve t\u00eb gjeo-neutrinove n\u00eb Tok\u00eb;
\n– Heliumi-3 \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e proceseve q\u00eb ndodhin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Diell; nd\u00ebrsa prania e tij n\u00eb gazet vullkanike\u207d\u00b9\u2078\u207e, gjithashtu n\u00eb gazet natyror\u00eb, tregon se \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt i transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.
\n– Ngjarjet e t\u00ebrmeteve shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj \u00e7lirojn\u00eb flukse pararend\u00ebse q\u00eb interferojn\u00eb me flukset e aktivitetit diellor. Kjo interferenc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si \u201cPararend\u00ebs Sizmik Diellor\u201d dhe lidhet me ciklet e Diellit\u207d\u2079a, b\u207e. Po ashtu, v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb korrelacion i qart\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet aktivitetit sizmik t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe cikleve t\u00eb njollave diellore\u207d\u2079a, b\u207e, q\u00eb implikon rrezatimin diellor n\u00eb dinamizmin e Tok\u00ebs \u207d\u2078\u207e,\u207d\u2079c\u207e.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 19. Paraqitje skematike e temperaturave t\u00eb kuror\u00ebs s\u00eb Diellit (atmosfer\u00ebs)<\/strong> (Autori<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, b\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Diell n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb brenda mb\u00ebshtjelljes silikate, nd\u00ebrsa Dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb ultra-gjigante pa guask\u00eb silikate apo mbules\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb gazesh si\u00e7 kan\u00eb planet\u00ebt; Dielli ka p\u00ebr mbules\u00eb gazet e tejnxehur.
\nK\u00ebto konkluzione na lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb interpretojm\u00eb fenomenet e Diellit me mir\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet studimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe anasjelltas, prej vrojtimeve t\u00eb Diellit, ne mund ta kuptojm\u00eb me mir\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\n

5. ORIGJINA KOZMIKE E THELBIT T\u00cb B\u00cbRTHAM\u00cbS
\nGJAT\u00cb KALIMIT TE RES\u00cb KOZMIKE NE SISTEM PLANETAR<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb ngjarja e supernov\u00ebs t\u00eb ket\u00eb stimuluar ren\u00eb e qet\u00eb kozmike t\u00eb vihet n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje v\u00ebrtit\u00ebse\u207d\u2076\u00b2\u207e, k\u00ebshtu, kjo ide \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pajtim me interpretimin e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs t\u00eb lidhur me nukleositez\u00ebn eksplozive t\u00eb ngjarjes supernova.<\/p>\n

Nukleosinteza e Eksplozionit Supernova,
\nD\u00ebshmi e Origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs<\/strong>
\nSupernova \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqje e p\u00ebrnj\u00ebhershme e nj\u00eb eksplozioni kolosal t\u00eb nj\u00eb ylli masiv t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur, i cili hedh n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb mas\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb reje q\u00eb zgjerohet prej pluhuri dhe \u00e7aklli q\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me rrezatim vezullues dhe proces nukleosinteze (formim b\u00ebrthamash atomesh), arrin nj\u00eb diamet\u00ebr sa i sistemit diellor e me tej, dhe duket si nj\u00eb yll gjigant.<\/p>\n

Shoq\u00ebrimi i k\u00ebtij ndri\u00e7imi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm me nukleosintez\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah ekzistenc\u00ebn e cop\u00ebrinave rruzullore t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshura q\u00eb transformohen (dezintegrohen) brenda n\u00eb ren\u00eb kozmike n\u00eb rrotullim. M\u00eb tej, brenda mas\u00ebs s\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb supernova-s v\u00ebrehet formim ylli neutronik me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme rrotullimi.
\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb rast n\u00eb mas\u00ebn e mbetur t\u00eb nj\u00eb eksplozioni t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk v\u00ebrehet prania e yllit neutronik\u207d\u2074\u2075\u207e; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast masa e ultra-ngjeshur e supernova-s, ose ka qen\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn vezulluese, ose nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e vog\u00ebl, si mbetje e yllit neutronik potencial, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb fshehur brenda materialit t\u00eb err\u00eb dhe t\u00eb dendur dhe sfer\u00ebzave t\u00eb ultrangjeshura t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nebuloze rrotulluese, si sistem planetar potencial.<\/p>\n

Thelbit i B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe Formimi Tok\u00ebs mes planet\u00ebve<\/strong>
\nPra, duke vazhduar interpretimin logjik konsekuent t\u00eb teoris\u00eb kozmologjike t\u00eb standardizuar, n\u00eb pajtim me aspektet e forta te mekanik\u00ebs s\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe planet\u00ebve, origjina e sistemit diellor do t\u00eb paraqitej k\u00ebshtu (Fig. 20):<\/p>\n

\"\"Fig. 20. Skem\u00eb mbi formimin e thelpinjve te b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb planet\u00ebve prej grimcave sferike t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshura brenda res\u00eb gazore-pluhurore t\u00eb sistemit diellor t\u00eb sapo-nisur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkthimi: sfer\u00ebzat e ultra-ngjeshura prej nj\u00eb eksplozioni duke stimuluar formimin e planet\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Sistemi Diellor \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar nga reja kozmike e v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb rrotullim prej sfer\u00ebzave t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshura, t\u00eb cilat, pas bashkimit (akrecionit), u b\u00ebn\u00eb thelpinj t\u00eb ultrangjeshur q\u00eb digjeshin brenda b\u00ebrthamave energjetike potenciale; flak\u00ebronin plazm\u00eb, rrezatim dhe b\u00ebrthama atomesh t\u00eb Tabel\u00ebs Periodike, t\u00eb sistemuar n\u00eb lidhje molekulare q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb mas\u00eb e shtuar e gazit, pluhurit dhe \u00e7akllit t\u00eb res\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e kalimit n\u00eb disk planetar\u207d\u2075\u00b2a\u207e.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebta thelpinj gradualisht u mbuluan me mas\u00eb metalesh, silikatesh dhe gazesh t\u00eb tejnxehur t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb planet\u00ebve silikat\u00eb potencial n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb q\u00eb rrotulloheshin p\u00ebrqark b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs gjigante mbizot\u00ebruese, Dellit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb sistemit planetar potencial
\nZhvillimi i ve\u00e7uar i planet\u00ebve vazhdoi prej transformimit t\u00eb thelpinjve, kur b\u00ebrthamat u konsoliduan dhe filluan t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin p\u00ebrmbajtjen gazore-pluhurore-\u00e7ak\u00ebllore t\u00eb res\u00eb dhe krejt materiali i res\u00eb kozmike kaloi tek trupat e diskut planetar t\u00eb sistemit diellor. Mandej, natyrisht, procesi i transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs vazhdon n\u00eb zhvillimin e planet\u00ebve dhe rritjen e planet\u00eb-sferave t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, hap\u00ebsira e sistemit planetar u spastrua prej materialit t\u00eb dendur dhe t\u00eb err\u00ebt t\u00eb res\u00eb dhe planet\u00ebt u ekspozuan p\u00ebr gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb transparente, por ende n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb dhe me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Mandej, gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb rritjes dhe zhvillimit u konsolidua masa silikate e mbuluar me litosfer\u00ebn e brisht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr planet\u00ebt e jasht\u00ebm shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj masa silikate ndodhet n\u00ebn mbules\u00ebn shum\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb prej gazesh t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb. Sigurisht, nj\u00ebri nga planet\u00ebt e sistemit solar te konsoliduar ishte Toka.<\/p>\n

Planet\u00ebt n\u00eb orbit\u00eb t\u00eb Yjeve Binar dhe t\u00eb Atyre t\u00eb Vetmuar<\/strong>
\nFormimi dhe zhvillimi i planet\u00ebve n\u00eb sistemin e yjeve binar\u00eb\u207d\u00b3\u00b3\u207e, \u207d\u2075\u2077\u207e dhe i planet\u00ebve t\u00eb vetmuar verifikojn\u00eb teorin\u00eb e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se prania e sfer\u00ebzave rrotulluese apo thelpinjve te b\u00ebrthamave brenda n\u00eb re t\u00eb sistemit potencial diellor \u00ebsht\u00eb faktori q\u00eb shkakton rrotullimin e res\u00eb dhe mund t\u00eb formoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zhvilloj\u00eb planet\u00ebt edhe jasht\u00eb influenc\u00ebs s\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb gravitetit t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ylli.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, yjet e tipit Diell t\u00eb renditjes kryesore, objektet n\u00ebn-yjore dhe planet\u00ebt formohen dhe zhvillohen prej t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit proces unik, tamam si prej thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs; natyrisht, sipas madh\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse fillestare dhe mas\u00ebs s\u00eb ngelur pa u transformuar.<\/p>\n

Konsolidimi i Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Diskun Planetar t\u00eb Sistemit Diellor<\/strong>
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb, Toka \u00ebsht\u00eb konsoliduar n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb vlim; masa shp\u00ebrthente dhe shp\u00ebrndahej p\u00ebrqark rruzullit dhe binte ne form\u00eb derdhjesh cop\u00ebrash shk\u00ebmbore: ishte faza e qarkullimit prej gjendjes s\u00eb l\u00ebng\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb.
\nNga kjo faz\u00eb e pa stabilizuar e qarkullimit t\u00eb kores \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur nj\u00eb komponent shk\u00ebmbor fare fragmentar me mosh\u00eb rreth 4.3 miliard vjet (rreth 300 milion pas formimit t\u00eb sistemit Diellor), p\u00ebrcaktuar prej mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb kristaleve t\u00eb Zirkon-it, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb kores m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs paraprake t\u00eb konsolidimit t\u00eb kores, masa silikate acide e shkrire e shtres\u00ebs potenciale granitike, duke qen\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe me temperatur\u00eb ngurt\u00ebsimi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (700 \u00b0C), ishte shtruar si nj\u00eb det gjigant magme p\u00ebrmbi n\u00ebnshtres\u00ebn e vet prej silikatesh shk\u00ebmbore mafike dhe ultramafike, q\u00eb, duke pasur nj\u00eb temperature ngurt\u00ebsimi m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb (1300 – 1400 \u00b0C), ishin ngurt\u00ebsuar m\u00eb par\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, duke u ftohur ky det acid prej shk\u00ebmbinjsh silikat t\u00eb shkrire krijoi shtres\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme granitike t\u00eb kores tok\u00ebsore t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, e njohur si kore e tipit kontinental. Mandej, koria e tipit kontinental \u00e7ahej dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr \u00e7arje futeshin dhe ngurt\u00ebsoheshin prurjet e magm\u00ebs mafike (bazike) q\u00eb formonte brezat e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm, analog\u00eb me tipin e ri shum\u00eb t\u00eb vonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kores s\u00eb tabanit oqeanike me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme bazaltike.<\/p>\n

Ky proces i stabilizimit t\u00eb krejt kores kontinentale vazhdoi gjat\u00eb zhvillimit gjeologjik n\u00eb nj\u00eb interval kohe tep\u00ebr t\u00eb gjat\u00eb deri n\u00eb fillimin e Eonit Protozoik , pik\u00ebrisht rreth 2.5 miliard vjet me par\u00eb. Por, zhvillimi i kores kontinentale n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet procesit t\u00eb rritjes vazhdonte shum\u00eb ngadal\u00eb, gjersa rritja u p\u00ebrshpejtua rreth 200 milion vjet me par\u00eb, kur procesi i prurjeve lart\u00eb t\u00eb magm\u00ebs s\u00eb tipit oqeanike u stabilizua midis fragmenteve t\u00eb cop\u00ebtuar t\u00eb kores kontinentale globale duke shkaktuar rritjen e tyre si pjes\u00eb fillestare t\u00eb pllakave globale aktuale. Stabilizimi i udh\u00ebve t\u00eb ngjitjes lart t\u00eb magm\u00ebs ndodhi kur rritja e mbules\u00ebs silikate t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs kishte arritur limitin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs dhe kur litosfera kishte arritur nj\u00eb trash\u00ebsi limit dhe distanc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar nga b\u00ebrthama.<\/p>\n

THELBI I B\u00cbRTHAM\u00cbS DHE VETMIA E SHP\u00cbRTHIMIT T\u00cb MADH,<\/strong>
\n(SINGLARITETI I BIG BANG-UT)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00eb un\u00eb nuk kam pasur nd\u00ebr mend t\u00eb merresha me astrofizik\u00eb apo kozmologji t\u00eb Shp\u00ebthimit t\u00eb Madh (Big Bang-ut) dhe t\u00eb diskutoja p\u00ebr problemet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, un\u00eb hyra n\u00eb udh\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb shpinte drejt problemit global, d.m.th. drejt marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies s\u00eb shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrme bazaltike t\u00eb kores se re tabanit oqeanik ndaj shtres\u00ebs se sip\u00ebrme granitike t\u00eb kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kontinenteve, kur u obligova t\u00eb interpretoja origjin\u00ebn e nj\u00eb damari granitik t\u00eb futur brenda stiv\u00ebs s\u00eb bazalt\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb brez ofiolitik\u207d\u2074\u2078\u207e, dhe mora p\u00ebr sip\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhja problemin se n\u00eb\u00a0\u00e7\u2019 m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ishte diferencuar magma granitike q\u00eb t\u00eb formonte damarin granitik midis bazalt\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Pasi kisha botuar nja dy artikuj p\u00ebr damarin granitik, erdha n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim q\u00eb ishte e domosdoshme t\u00eb v\u00ebshtroja p\u00ebr shkakun e proceseve t\u00eb brendshme gjeologjike si vazhdim i proceseve t\u00eb formimit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs krahas planet\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemit planetar, dhe mandej, hyra n\u00eb udh\u00ebn e unitetit universal t\u00eb lidhjes materie-energji, si universaliteti i bashk\u00ebveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb materies\u207d\u00b9\u2077\u207e n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs, koh\u00ebs, objekteve, fenomeneve, proceseve dhe n\u00eb pafund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kombinimeve t\u00eb trajtave atom molekulare t\u00eb lidhura me shk\u00ebmb-formimin n\u00eb kozmos dhe n\u00eb Tok\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gradualisht, nxora konkluzionin q\u00eb masa e shkrir\u00eb n\u00eb Tok\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb jete as pasoj\u00eb e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb akumuluar qysh nga origjina, dhe as e \u00e7liruar nga izotopet radioaktive q\u00eb shkrin shk\u00ebmbinjt\u00eb e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, por duhet t\u00eb formohet nga transformimi i nj\u00eb materieje t\u00eb caktuar kozmike q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishte vendosur n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs qysh n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e formimit t\u00eb planet\u00ebve n\u00eb sistem diellor. Ky p\u00ebrcaktim m\u00eb orientoi mua drejt eksplozionit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb tipit supernova, dhe m\u00eb ballafaqoi me Universin Unik t\u00eb teoris\u00eb Shp\u00ebrthimi i Madh (Big Bang).<\/p>\n

Mbi Shp\u00ebrthimin e Madh (Big Bang)<\/strong>
\nTeoria e shp\u00ebrthimi i Madh unik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb konstruktim fizik\u00eb-matematik imagjinar q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr baz\u00eb nj\u00eb premis\u00eb fantastike sikur universi fillon nga nj\u00eb pik\u00eb fillimi irracionale, nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e pozicionuar n\u00eb imazhin e themeluesit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsve.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu, duhet theksuar se premis\u00eb baz\u00eb e Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh dhe Zgjerimit t\u00eb Universit \u00ebsht\u00eb interpretimi i gabuar i \u201czhvendosjes s\u00eb kuqe\u201d n\u00eb spektrin e galaktikave t\u00eb larg\u00ebta, sikur zhvendosja shkaktohet nga q\u00eb galaktikat largohen me shpejt\u00ebsi fantastike prej v\u00ebzhguesit nga Toka. Ky fenomen ndodh kur gjat\u00ebsia e val\u00ebs s\u00eb drit\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00e7lirohet nga galaktikat e larg\u00ebta zmadhohet dhe zhvendoset na an\u00ebn e skajit t\u00eb kuq t\u00eb spektrit, por kjo nuk duhet kuptuar se kjo zhvendosje \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e largimit t\u00eb galaktikave. M\u00eb von\u00eb, fizikan\u00eb dhe kozmolog\u00eb e shpjeguan zhvendosjen e kuqe si pasoj\u00eb t\u00eb fenomeneve q\u00eb ndodhin brenda flukseve t\u00eb drit\u00ebs gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrshkimit t\u00eb larg\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme prej miliarda vjet-drit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe Vetmia e Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh (Singulariteti)<\/strong>
\nThelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs e ka origjin\u00ebn nga mbetjet e ultrangjeshura t\u00eb nj\u00eb eksplozioni t\u00eb madh si ngjarje e tipit supernova brenda-galaktik\u00ebs, ngjarje e ndodhur n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb reale t\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb materies dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur forc\u00ebrisht n\u00eb hipotez\u00ebn e Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh si nj\u00eb eksplozion absolut i vetmuar n\u00eb boshll\u00ebk.<\/p>\n

Bota reale: Toka, galaktika, hap\u00ebsira e vijueshme funksionon prej bashk\u00ebveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb materies. \u00c7do fenomen, dhe \u00e7do ekzistence n\u00eb cil\u00ebndo pik\u00eb t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs kozmike t\u00eb vijueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e bashk\u00ebveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb trajtave t\u00eb materies.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, nocioni primitiv i universit, si hap\u00ebsir\u00eb e mbyllur brenda qiellit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pakuptim. Shp\u00ebrthimi Unik i Madh \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb marifet teorik q\u00eb aludon zgjerimin e qiellit kozmik imagjinar, i cili gjoja \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fryrje t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme dhe krijon hap\u00ebsir\u00eb nga asgj\u00ebja.
\nP\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit e konceptit t\u00eb Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh, shum\u00eb fenomene kozmike dhe zbulime t\u00eb reja i interpretojn\u00eb si mbetje nga ky eksplozion imagjinar dhe krijojn\u00eb ide t\u00eb reja\u207d\u00b2\u00b3\u207e, \u207d\u00b9\u207e q\u00eb gjoja jan\u00eb fakte nga Shp\u00ebrthimi i Madh Unik.<\/p>\n

Teoria e Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh ka nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim thell\u00ebsisht t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me unitetin e materies n\u00eb transformim n\u00eb univers\u207d\u2074\u2076\u207e,\u207d\u2074\u2079b\u207e; astrofizikan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm\u207d\u00b2\u207e,\u207d\u00b2\u2075\u207e, e kan\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar Shp\u00ebrthimin e Madh si mit t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfillsh\u00ebm midis vrojtimeve shkencore, zbulimeve, interpretimeve dhe arritjeve shum\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara; kan\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim q\u00eb i ashtuquajturi Shp\u00ebrthim i Madh \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cnj\u00eb ngjarje q\u00eb shfaqet nga asgj\u00ebja, prandaj askush nuk ka arsye q\u00eb t\u00eb mendoje se kjo ngjarje paska ndodhur ne t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e larg\u00ebt\u201d.
\nInterpretimet mbi disa fenomene kozmike si d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb ngjarjes s\u00eb Shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Madh jan\u00eb pa baz\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nocionet: universi yn\u00eb, universet e tjera, Shp\u00ebrthime t\u00eb M\u00ebdha t\u00eb shumta. N\u00eb fakt, eksplozionet e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb shumta jan\u00eb ngjarjet supernova dhe hipernova. Hap\u00ebsira nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mbyllur dhe t\u00eb formoj\u00eb universin si nj\u00eb objekt t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

\n

KONKLUZIONE<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Konkluzionet e jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb Teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs prej Transformimit t\u00eb Thelbit t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pozicionuar si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb qend\u00ebr-sferike e tej-holl\u00eb dhe e super-ngjeshur n\u00eb brezin e periferis\u00eb s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, jan\u00eb premisa t\u00eb reja nga Toka p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e hipotez\u00ebs standarde t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkulur ca ide t\u00eb rreme brenda n\u00eb hipotezat e tektonik\u00ebs globale q\u00eb jan\u00eb huajtura prej defekteve kozmologjike standarde.<\/p>\n

At\u00ebher\u00eb, le t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi ti pikat esenciale t\u00eb teoris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shprehim n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb koncize \u00e7do t\u00eb thot\u00eb rivler\u00ebsimi i interpretimit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebrsuar p\u00ebr burimin e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs si mas\u00eb e precipituar dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet realiteti q\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsia dhe masa e shkrir\u00eb e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, t\u00eb dyja jan\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e transformimit te thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, n\u00eb pajtim me pikat kryesore t\u00eb m\u00ebposhtme.<\/p>\n

1. Pra, b\u00ebhet domosdoshm\u00ebri q\u00eb teoricien\u00ebt e astrofizik\u00ebs dhe kozmologjis\u00eb duhet t\u00eb marrin n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb proceset dhe fenomenet e brendshme t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs si t\u00eb nj\u00eb planeti n\u00eb morin\u00eb e sistemeve planetare n\u00eb Galaktik\u00eb dhe ta vrojtojn\u00eb Tok\u00ebn si objekt studimi kozmik. K\u00ebshtu, ata do t\u00eb arrinin t\u00eb konfirmonin pranin\u00eb dhe funksionimin e thelbit b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs si faktor energjetik dhe origjin\u00eb e tij prej cop\u00ebrinash t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshura n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e res\u00eb kozmike t\u00eb prejardhura nga eksplozioni i ngjarjes supernova. Mandej, duke v\u00ebrtetuar se energjia e brendshme e Tok\u00ebs prodhohet nga thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb procesin e formimit t\u00eb sistemit planetar, ata do t\u00eb eliminonin defektet e teoris\u00eb kosmologjike aktuale.<\/p>\n

2. Qysh n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e planet-formimit, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes t\u00eb vetvetishme t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, grimcat dhe ultra-grimcat \u00e7lirohen prej gjendjes s\u00eb tyre t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur dhe, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb ri-konstruktohen n\u00eb flukse t\u00eb fushave fizike dhe t\u00eb \u00e7do rrezatimi dhe, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, formojn\u00eb b\u00ebrthama atomesh t\u00eb nj\u00eb mase tip-plazm\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb tej re-konstruktohen n\u00eb lidhje atom-molekulare, q\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim jasht\u00ebzakonisht m\u00eb t\u00eb madh. Kjo mas\u00eb atom-molekulare shtes\u00eb e gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrire (b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme), e cila largohet si magm\u00eb, shkakton rritjen e kores dhe t\u00eb gjitha gjeosferave d.m.th., krejt Toka rritet duke ruajtur mas\u00ebn e vet konstante, sepse thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs humbet po at\u00eb mas\u00eb q\u00eb kalon n\u00eb lidhjet atom-molekulare q\u00eb i shtohet gjeosferave. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, rrezja e thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs zmadhohet paralelisht me shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e vet.<\/p>\n

3. N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se realiteti i rritjes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohej dhe do t\u00eb pranohej prej autoritetit shkencor, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej domosdoshm\u00ebri absolute q\u00eb t\u00eb pranohej ky koncept i ri i transformimit t\u00eb faktorit tip thelb b\u00ebrthame dhe, si hipotez\u00eb pune, ky faktor do t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb kap\u00ebrcim epokal n\u00eb shkencat fondamentale, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb fizik\u00eb dhe njohurit\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptimit dhe do t\u00eb ndikonte orientimin e k\u00ebrkimeve si n\u00eb mjedisin e Tok\u00ebs edhe n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kozmike. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, b\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs do t\u00eb shihej si nj\u00eb Diell n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb brenda mbules\u00ebs s\u00eb gurt\u00eb silikate, nd\u00ebrsa Dielli do t\u00eb shihej si nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb ultra-gjigante brenda p\u00ebshtjelljes prej gazesh t\u00eb tej-nxehura. Rrjedhimisht, studimi i v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs do t\u00eb na obligonte ta kuptonim m\u00eb mir\u00eb Diellin, nd\u00ebrsa vrojtimi i Diellit do t\u00eb na ndihmonte ta kuptonim m\u00eb mir\u00eb funksionimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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\n\u207d\u2075\u2079\u207e59. Yano, T., Vasiliev, B.I., Choi, D.R.et al. \u201cContinental rocks in Indian Ocean.\u201d NCGT Newsletter 58, (Australia NGCT.org, 2011). 09-28<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u2070\u207e60. Yuecheng C., et al. (1998). \u201cA new interpretation of the Himalayan orogenic belt.\u201d Chinese Science Bulletin, 43.1, 83-84. DOI: 10.1007\/BF02885523<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u00b9\u207e61. Young, C. J., and T. Lay. \u201cThe core-mantle boundary. \u201cEarth Planet Science Annual Review, 15, (1987).25-46.<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u00b2\u207e62. Young, T. Erick. \u201cCloudy with a chance of stars. \u201cScientific American V. 302. (2010). 34-41.DOI:10.1038\/scientific American 0210-34.<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u00b3\u207e63. Zagorevski, A. et al. (2008). \u201cTectonic architecture of an arc-arc collision zone, Newfoundland Appalachians.\u201d Annals of Geophysics, Supplement to V.49, No. 1., Special Paper #436 in Draut A., Clift, P.D. and D.W. Scholl (Eds.). \u201cFormation and application of the sedimentary record in arc collision zones.\u201d (Boulder, CO: Geographical Society of America, Inc., Special Paper #346,). 309-334.<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u2074\u207e64. Zolensky, M. E. et al. \u201cMineralogy and petrology of Comet 81 P\/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples.\u201d In Science, V. 314, No. 5806. (Stanford, CA: Highwire Press, 2006).1735-1739.<\/em>
\n\u207d\u2076\u2075\u207e65. Sudiro, P. (2014). \u201cThe Earth Expansion Theory and its transition from scientific hypothesis to pseudoscientific belief\u201d. History of Geo-and Space Sciences, No 135-148. Web: http:\/\/www.hist-geo-space-sci.net\/5\/135\/2014\/hgss-5-135-2014.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Rikonstruktuar 19 Korrik 2018<\/em><\/p>\n

= == = = = = =
\nShtojca<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Kat\u00ebr kopertinat e botimit t\u00eb Teoris\u00eb<\/h3>\n

1<\/strong> \"\" 2<\/strong> \"\"
\n3<\/strong>\"\" 4<\/strong> \"\"<\/p>\n

1. TOKA NE ZHVILLIM 2. THE GROWING AND 3. TOKA NE RRITJE DHE 4. THE EARTH\u2019S CORE AN\u00a0DEVELOPING EARTH ZHVILLIM ENERGETIC COSMIC OBJECT<\/em>
\n(Tiran\u00eb, 1988) (USA, 2005) (Tiran\u00eb, 2009) (USA, 216)<\/p>\n

Shpjegime<\/strong>:
\n1. Pasi u refuzua nga Redaksia Gjeologjike botimi i Teoris\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet dy artikujve, me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e s\u00eb res\u00eb befasuese, arriti t\u00eb botohet e zgjeruar si lib\u00ebr pas shum\u00eb vjet\u00ebsh;
\n2. Pas nj\u00eb plot\u00ebsimi me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb reja u botua n\u00ebn titullin anglisht \u201cThe Growing and Developing Earth\u201d, 2005 (USA);
\nhttps:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Growing-Developing-Earth-Vedat-Shehu\/dp\/1419616633<\/a>
\n3. Me plotsime t\u00eb tjera u botua n\u00eb shqip n\u00eb vitin 2009, Tiran\u00eb
\n4. Si nj\u00eb pamflete shkencor u botua n\u00eb Anglisht me titull \u201cThe Earth\u2019s Core, an Energetic Cosmic Objec\u201d (B\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs, Objekt Kozmik Energjetik), 2016, USA. Ky titull ka k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim:
\nB\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb yll i tipit Diell n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb brenda guask\u00ebs gurore-silikate, nd\u00ebrsa Dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb super-gjigante brenda mbules\u00ebs me hidrogjen dhe helium t\u00eb tejnxehur. Botuar nga CreateSpace (March 31, 2016) dhe gjendet k\u00ebtu:
\nhttps:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Earths-Core-Energetic-Cosmic-Object\/dp\/1512290874<\/a>
\nKy material, u p\u00ebrshtat n\u00eb shqip me titull tjet\u00ebr dhe u paraqit n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbledhje t\u00eb posa\u00e7me me studiues t\u00eb shkencave t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe me personalitete t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs e kultur\u00ebs n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e Libraris\u00eb s\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Shkencave (11 Tetor 2016).<\/p>\n

2) 2016<\/strong>
\nRRITJA E TOK\u00cbSE<\/strong>
\nPREJ<\/strong>
\nTRANSFORMIMIT T\u00cb THELBIT T\u00cb B\u00cbRTHAM\u00cbS<\/strong>
\n– GJEOTEORIA E TRANSFORMIMIT KOZMIK T\u00cb MATERIES<\/em> –
\n(Paraqitje Shkurtas)
\n(Paraqitur n\u00eb nj\u00eb takim t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e Librit t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Shkencave t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, 11 N\u00ebntor 2016<\/em>)
\n(Ndrequr Prill 2017 dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar Qershor 2017<\/em>)
\nNga Vedat Shehu<\/strong>
\n\u201cEsenc\u00eb e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebrthama e saj energjetike, nd\u00ebrsa esenca\u00a0e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi i saj kozmik i transformuesh\u00ebm\u201d \/Autori
\n\u201cNjohja e proceseve kozmike mund t\u00eb arrihet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet njohjes s\u00eb
\nproceseve q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs\u201d \/Autori<\/p>\n

2) Pamje nga Salla e paraqitjes s\u00eb Teoris\u00eb (2016)<\/b><\/p>\n

Tre pamje nga \u201cSalla e Librit t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Shkencave t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d prej prezantimit t\u00eb teoris\u00eb \u201cRritja e Tok\u00ebs prej Thelbit t\u00eb Transformuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb B\u00ebrtham\u00ebs\u201d nga Vedat Shehu 11 N\u00ebntor 2016.<\/p>\n

\"\"\uf0e7 Foto 1<\/strong>. Pamje ballore, e ekranit t\u00eb prezantimit t\u00eb teoris\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"\uf0e8\u00a0Foto 2<\/strong>. Pamje nga ana e djatht\u00eb e sall\u00ebs. N\u00eb reshtin ulur: Dr. Ing. Arben Pambuku, kryetar i Shoqat\u00ebs Gjeologjike; Dr. Eng. Viktor Doda, Drejtor I Sh\u00ebrbimit Gjeologjik, Ing. Tonin Deda, specialist n\u00eb Depart. e Gjeoshkencave; Thanas Gjata, Prof. Asc \u2013 bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i teoris\u00eb, autor i botimit \u201cDialog\u00eb mbi V\u00ebrtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e Rritje s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"\uf0e7 Foto 3<\/strong>. Pamje e hyrjes n\u00eb salle: Nga e djathta n\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb: shoku im Kleanth Dhuci Doktor Shkencash Bujq\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebs i teoris\u00eb; E panjohur, Profesore n\u00eb Fakultetin Gjeologjik, Profesor Selam Me\u00e7i: Profesor Jorgo Kanani; Profesor \u00c7er\u00e7iz Dermyshi, Profesor Polikron Vaso, Profesor Jorgo Vllaho; etj.<\/em><\/p>\n

3) Bashk\u00ebbisedim 2011<\/strong>
\n\"\"Prezantimi i Teoris\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebbisedim n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebrbimit Gjeologjik t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb (25 Korrik 2011)<\/em>
\n(Nga e majta: Profesor Afat Serjani, organizator; autori Vedat Shehu; Profesor Adil Neziri, Drejtori i Sh\u00ebrbimit dhe organizator i Bashk\u00ebbisedimit<\/em><\/p>\n

4) Karakteristika e Vedat Shehut<\/strong>
\n\"\" Prof. Dr. Eng. Vedat Shehu<\/strong>, shqiptaro-Amerikan (l. 1935, Delvin\u00eb), e ka origjin\u00ebn nga Borshi i Vjet\u00ebr, Shqip\u00ebri. \u00cbsht\u00eb diplomuar inxhinier gjeolog n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Lart\u00eb t\u00eb Minierave (V\u0160B) n\u00eb \u00c7ekosllovaki m\u00eb 1959, mandej, n\u00eb procesin e pun\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb dekoruar me tre Urdh\u00ebr Pune dhe me \u00c7mim Republike. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ka mbrojtur disertacionin vler\u00ebsuar doktor i shkencave gjeologjike dhe ka marr\u00eb titullin Drejtues K\u00ebrkimesh ekuivalent me titullin Profesor. Vitet e para punoi n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e xeheror\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb vazhdim, gjer n\u00eb daljen n\u00eb pension (1998) u angazhua me k\u00ebrkim-studime gjeologjike. Puna e tij kryesore ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb studimin inxhinier-gjeologjik t\u00eb lumenjve p\u00ebr projektimin dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e hidrocentraleve, tuneleve, traset\u00eb e rrug\u00ebve, urave, tuneleve dhe vendeve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb objekteve urbane dhe industriale; gjithashtu n\u00eb problemet e proceseve dinamike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs; t\u00eb till\u00eb si rr\u00ebshqitjet e shpateve, t\u00eb pasojave t\u00eb t\u00ebrmeteve dhe t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

Ai ka publikuar artikuj shkencor mbi pozicionin hap\u00ebsinor-kohor t\u00eb strukturave gjeologjike, duke u ndalur n\u00eb diferencimin magmatik n\u00eb brezin ofiolitik, i ngjash\u00ebm me diferencimin n\u00eb kreshtat mes oqeanike, si dhe n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjet tektonike relative, sidomos n\u00eb mbi-zhvendosjet e shk\u00ebputura dhe t\u00eb rrudhosura n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha zonat tektonike t\u00eb Albanideve. Integrimin e ideve t\u00eb veta n\u00eb nj\u00eb teori origjinale, e pati paraqitur n\u00eb botimet e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme t\u00eb librit: Toka n\u00eb Zhvillim (Tiran\u00eb, 1988); Toka n\u00eb Rritje dhe Zhvillim (USA 2005, Anglisht); m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb botim m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjeruar shqip (Tiran\u00eb 2009). Ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb disa veprimtari shkencore, q\u00eb nga angazhimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrpilimin e hart\u00ebs gjeologjike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb (1983) deri te pjes\u00ebmarrja n\u00eb simpoziume nderkombtare; s\u00eb pari n\u00eb \u201cKoncepte t\u00eb Reja n\u00eb Tektonik\u00ebn Globale\u201d (Urbino, 29 \u2013 31 Gusht 2004, Itali); s\u00eb dyti n\u00eb \u201cD\u00ebshmit\u00eb e Ekspansionit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, Sfid\u00eb p\u00ebr Gjeologjin\u00eb, Gjeofizik\u00ebn dhe Astronomin\u00eb\u201d (Erice, 4-9 Tetor, 2011, Sicili, Itali).
\nS\u00eb fundi teoria e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb koncize me titull: \u201cB\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs, Objekt Kozmik Energjetik\u201d (Botim: USA Publisher: CreateSpace, March 31, 2016); dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur mjaft m\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbledhje t\u00eb posa\u00e7me t\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb shkencave t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e Libraris\u00eb t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Shkencave (11, N\u00ebntor, 2016).<\/p>\n

Aktualisht, banon n\u00eb Boston, Massachusetts USA.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Pik\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebset e Teoris\u00eb<\/strong>
\nKomenti im i par\u00eb.
\nLe t\u00eb shohim skeletin prej argumentesh fare te qarta
\nt\u00eb teoris\u00eb time fare te thjesht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Duke menduar se argumentimi i k\u00ebsaj teorie te thjeshte ngjan si shum\u00eb i v\u00ebshtire, sepse ne imagjinat\u00ebn ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ngulur thell\u00eb shpjegimi tradicional q\u00eb ngjan\u00eb si nj\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e padiskutueshme, vendosa q\u00eb, bashk\u00eb me paraqitjen e Teoris\u00eb mjaft\u00eb koncize, t\u00eb paraqes, me pika sa m\u00eb thjesht, t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn shkencore q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00ebzia e te v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs praktike ( si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtrimi i Diellit q\u00eb lind dhe per\u00ebndon, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb xhiro rreth Tok\u00ebs). Pra, \u201cToka Rritet prej Transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs\u201d. M\u00eb duket sikur e kam shkruar, ca koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb me shume ngut, k\u00ebt\u00eb shpjegim p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar kuptimin e Teoris\u00eb ne fjal\u00eb. Pikat mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse baz\u00eb apo argumentet e pa tundura, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrbejn\u00eb skeletin e k\u00ebsaj teorie, jan\u00eb k\u00ebto:<\/p>\n

1) Pllakat e kores (litosfer\u00ebs) rriten prej prurjeve larte dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs. Koria e tok\u00ebs e formuar rishtas \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e tabanit oqeanik me shtrese te sip\u00ebrme bazaltike; z\u00eb 60%, p\u00ebrqark kores m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kontinenteve me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike q\u00eb z\u00eb 40% t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes.
\n2) Ky proces tregon se magma qe vjen e derdhesi llav\u00eb vullkanesh n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe duhet t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb, si\u00e7 e kam p\u00ebrcaktuar un\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar e l\u00ebng\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

3) Nxeht\u00ebsia e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebshoq\u00ebruese e magm\u00ebs, jo shkaktare e shkrirjes s\u00eb shk\u00ebmbit dhe e formimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs
\n4) Interpretimi i standardizuar kozmologjik dhe i pranuar nga konsensusi shkencor pohon se nxeht\u00ebsia prodhohet nga akumulimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb te prodhuar ne procesin e formimit te Tok\u00ebs (planet\u00ebve) dhe nga ajo e zb\u00ebrthimeve radioaktive, kur nj\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsi e akumuluar nuk mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb e pa-konsumuar p\u00ebr 4.6 miliard vjet (mosh\u00eb Tok\u00ebs), nd\u00ebrsa prania e izotopeve radioaktive \u00ebsht\u00eb e pap\u00ebrfillshme si sasi ne p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e llav\u00ebs vullkanike dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbinj.<\/p>\n

5) Magma, pohon standardi teorik, prodhohet nga shkrirja e shk\u00ebmbinjve, kurse shk\u00ebmbinjt\u00eb prodhohet nga ngrirja e magm\u00ebs \u2013 logjik\u00eb foshnjarake prej rrethi vicioz.
\n6) B\u00ebrthama e jashtme e shkrir\u00eb z\u00eb 91% t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ndaj asaj te brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb prej 9% dhe ka mas\u00eb gati sa 1\/3 (nj\u00eb e treta) e mas\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs. Kjo tregon qarte q\u00eb b\u00ebrthama, si nj\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb precipitat i mas\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb prej nj\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsie t\u00eb hamend\u00ebsuar; faktikisht e pamjaftueshme.<\/p>\n

7) N\u00ebnkuptohet, kjo mas\u00eb e shkrire q\u00eb del n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe si magm\u00eb apo llav\u00eb vullkanike q\u00eb ngurt\u00ebsohet dhe rrite koren, gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebs p\u00ebr p\u00ebrjashta ngurt\u00ebsohet ne nivele te ndryshme q\u00eb rrit\u00eb struktur\u00ebn qend\u00ebr-sferike t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe kalimin e porcioneve t\u00eb vogla drejt brendis\u00eb q\u00eb rrisin b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

8) Fakti, q\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs magma del n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe dhe nxeht\u00ebsia gjeotermale e brendshme vazhdon te gjenerohet, tregon q\u00eb masa e magm\u00ebs q\u00eb largohet nga b\u00ebrthama e jashtme si mas\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, b\u00ebrthama e jashtme, si gjeosfer\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb e Tok\u00ebs funksionon si nj\u00eb rezervuar magme, masa e shkrire q\u00eb largohet z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet se prodhohet n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, por jo nga t\u00ebr\u00eb b\u00ebrthama, por nga nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e koncentruar si thelb b\u00ebrthame.
\n9) Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs funksionon si nj\u00eb zjarre kozmik prej nj\u00eb trajt\u00eb materieje t\u00eb ultrangjeshur n\u00eb proces transformimi q\u00eb prej shkrepjes kozmike.<\/p>\n

10) Pozicionimi i k\u00ebtij zjarri duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrmbi b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e brendshme te ngurt\u00eb dhe n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ta mbaj\u00eb t\u00eb shkrir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb mas\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb q\u00eb largohet; mandej duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb pozicionuar si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb e ultra-holl\u00eb dhe prej materieje t\u00eb ultra-ngjeshur, disi e ngjashme me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e atomit radioaktiv q\u00eb transformohet n\u00eb b\u00ebrthama izotopesh dhe prodhon nxeht\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

11) Thelbi i ultrangjeshur dhe i transformuesh\u00ebm i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, e ka origjin\u00ebn prej shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ylli masive t\u00eb ultrangjeshur q\u00eb shkakton fenomenin supernova dhe l\u00ebshon grimca te ultrangjeshura q\u00eb dizintegrohen dhe shkaktojn\u00eb nukleosintez\u00ebn q\u00eb quhet nukleosinteza e eksplozionit supernova. K\u00ebto grimca jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse dhe qendra gravitacioni brenda n\u00eb mjegullnaj\u00ebn pluhurore-gazore q\u00eb i japin mjegullnaj\u00ebs shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb rrotulluese dhe e kthejn\u00eb ne sistem planetar.<\/p>\n

12) Tektonika e Pllakave e pranon rritjen e litosfer\u00ebs prej prurjeve dhe ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs, por mohon q\u00eb ky proces vjen sepse magma del nga masa e shkrire e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe se z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet nga burimi q\u00eb ndodhet ne b\u00ebrtham\u00eb; Tektonika e Pllakave, nuk ka zbuluar pranin\u00eb e pllakave dhe rritjen e tyre prej prurjeve t\u00eb magm\u00ebs, por e shpjegon me gabim k\u00ebt\u00eb zbulim, sepse mb\u00ebshtet cenet e teoris\u00eb kozmologjike, p\u00ebr Token fikse, origjin\u00ebn e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe q\u00eb b\u00ebrthama \u00ebsht\u00eb inaktive, einerte. VSh
\n= = = = = = =<\/p>\n

Komenti im: Ja pse Teoria ime \u00ebsht\u00eb fare e thjesht\u00eb:<\/strong>
\nTeoria ime \u00ebsht\u00eb fare e thjeshte si ajo q\u00eb i mundoi shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt qysh kur u shp\u00ebrfill apo u la ne harres\u00eb argumentimi nga Anaksimandri q\u00eb Toka rrotullohet rreth Diellit (aty nga viti 480 p.e.s) deri te Galileu q\u00eb u k\u00ebrc\u00ebnua me vdekje n\u00eb qoft\u00ebs\u00eb v\u00ebrtetimin e tij shkencor nuk do ta mohonte duke th\u00ebn\u00eb publikisht e me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb: \u201cKam gabuar, Toka nuk mund t\u00eb rrotullohet, Dielli rrotullohet\u201d dhe me ze shume te ulet p\u00ebshp\u00ebriti \u201cmegjithat\u00eb toka rrotullohet\u201d (aty nga viti 1620). Plot 2100 vjet, autoriteti shkencor i gabuar (i Aristotelit etj; pas Anaksimandrit) nuk e lejoi argumentimin e t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs shkencore, d.m.th. t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn e asaj praktike, e shprehur me autoritet shkencor dogmatik. Studiuesit ishin t\u00eb detyruar ne dilem\u00ebn \u201cToka apo Dielli rrotullohet\u201d, duhet te p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisnin formul\u00ebn: \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb absurd t\u00eb mendosh se Dielli nuk rrotullohet rreth Tok\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngjashm\u00ebrish, konsensus-i apo mir\u00ebkuptimi shkencor aktual q\u00ebndron n\u00eb deklarimin: \u201cBurimi i nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb se Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar dhe v\u00ebrtetohet prej vrojtimeve aktuale me metoda teknologji te sofistikuar. Nxeht\u00ebsia e Tok\u00ebs \u00e7lirohet gjoja prej dy burimesh; njeri \u00ebsht\u00eb akumulimit gjate procesit te planet-formimit dhe tjetri \u00ebsht\u00eb zb\u00ebrthimi i b\u00ebrthamave te izotopeve radioaktiv. Pra, nxeht\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku q\u00eb zhvillon Token q\u00eb nga formimi n\u00eb sistemin diellor. Mandej konformistet vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb thon\u00eb \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar q\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsia shkrin\u00eb shk\u00ebmbin dhe formon magm\u00ebn dhe magma ftohet e formon shk\u00ebmbin, \u00ebsht\u00eb absurditet te mendohet q\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs, e cila ka precipituar si mas\u00eb inerte, t\u00eb gjenerohet magma dhe nxeht\u00ebsia bashk\u00eb\u201d. Teoria ime \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht, por meq\u00eb mohon mentalitetin e standardizuar duket si e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u pranuar e, k\u00ebtej edhe p\u00ebr ta arsyetuar. Po paraqes thjesht\u00ebsin\u00eb e Teoris\u00eb me pika.<\/p>\n

Un\u00eb kam nxjerr konkluzionin<\/strong>:
\nB\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs ka struktur\u00eb energjetike dhe nuk ka precipituar, por p\u00ebrkundrazi ajo dhe gjith\u00eb Toka \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar dhe zhvillohet prej transformimit t\u00eb thelbit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb e ka origjin\u00ebn qysh nga epoka e kalimit t\u00eb res\u00eb gazore-pluhurore ne formimin e sistemit Diellor. B\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb Diell n\u00eb miniatur\u00eb brenda guask\u00ebs s\u00eb gurt\u00eb q\u00eb e ka formuar vet\u00eb dhe prej t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb pluhurit kozmik, kurse Dielli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb tel-gjigante brenda gazeve t\u00eb tej-nxehur prej hidrogjeni dhe heliumi q\u00eb i prodhon vet\u00eb sikurse edhe elementet e tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Premisat e k\u00ebtij konkluzioni<\/strong>:
\nB\u00ebrthama e Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy sfera bashk\u00eb-qendrore, brenda nj\u00ebra tjetr\u00ebs e brendshmja \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngurt\u00eb, e jashtmja \u00ebsht\u00eb e shkrire. Rreth 91% e mas\u00ebs s\u00eb krejt b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeosfer\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb dhe i takon b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme. Nd\u00ebrsa rreth 9% e e mas\u00ebs se krejt b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs i takon b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb ngurt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

1. Disa kanale t\u00eb nxehta, te quajtura sht\u00ebllunga t\u00eb mantelit, lidhin mas\u00ebn e shkrire t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme (te p\u00ebrcaktuar nga un\u00eb gjeosfer\u00eb e shkrir\u00eb) me vatrat vullkanike dhe nga k\u00ebto vatra ngrihet p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb masa e shkrir\u00eb, e cila derdhet si llav\u00eb vullkanike. Konsensus-i shkencor e konsideron k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen si zhvendosje e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb, e cila shkakton shkrirjen e mas\u00ebs shk\u00ebmbore kur arrin n\u00eb vatrat vullkanike. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb fakt, k\u00ebto kanale t\u00eb nxehta (sht\u00ebllunga) p\u00ebrcjellin mas\u00ebn e shkrir\u00eb deri ne sip\u00ebrfaqe, dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kjo mase duke u ngjitur p\u00ebrpjet\u00eb ngurt\u00ebsohet edhe ne nivele te brendshme.<\/p>\n

2. Masa e shkrire q\u00eb largohet dhe ngurt\u00ebsohet ne nivele t\u00eb ndryshme shkakton rritjen e gjeosferave t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb koren. Procesi rritjes, nga nj\u00eb an\u00eb shkaktuar \u00e7arjen e kores s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr unike kontinentale me shtres\u00eb t\u00eb sip\u00ebrme granitike n\u00eb plisa apo pllaka tektonike fillestare, nd\u00ebrsa nga ana tjet\u00ebr, prurja dhe ngurt\u00ebsimi i magm\u00ebs ka rritur madh\u00ebsin\u00eb pllakave dhe sigurisht t\u00eb krejt litosfer\u00ebs me kore t\u00eb re me shtres\u00eb te sip\u00ebrme bazaltike. Koria e re bazaltike me densitet me te larte dhe me e rende \u00ebsht\u00eb pozicionuar morfologjikisht ne depresionin e fundit oqeanik. Kjo kore e fundit oqeanik \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar k\u00ebto 200 milion\u00eb vjet\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb zhvillimit gjeologjik.<\/p>\n

3. Natyrisht masa e shkrire qe largohet vazhdimisht duhet z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar. Pra, gjeosfera e shkrir\u00eb, b\u00ebrthama e jashtme, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rezervuar me mase te shkrire, qe af\u00ebrsisht aq mas\u00eb e shkrire q\u00eb largohet z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet. Si? Pik\u00ebrisht prej materies kozmike te ultra-ngjeshur, e cila transformohet n\u00eb magm\u00eb duke \u00e7liruar nxeht\u00ebsi.
\n4. Thelbi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, duke u transformuar, funksionon si nj\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb djeg\u00ebse kozmike (si ajo n\u00eb Diell) pra si zjarr kozmik. Vendin nuk mund ta ket\u00eb brenda b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb ngurte, as p\u00ebrjashta gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrir\u00eb, por i takon t\u00eb jete pozicionuar si nj\u00eb diafragm\u00eb midis sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb ngurt\u00eb dhe gjeosfer\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrire.
\nTeoria ime zhvillohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet arsyetimeve konsekuente me logjike shkencore q\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshoj rrjedhjen e mendimit p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e Tok\u00ebs, Pra, \u201cun\u00eb nuk notoj kund\u00ebr rrjedhjes por po ndryshoj\u00eb drejtimin e rrjedhjes\u201d VSh<\/p>\n

= = = = = = =
\nSh\u00ebnim<\/strong> : Si p\u00ebrfundim, me d\u00ebrgimin e k\u00ebtij shpjegimi p\u00ebr Teorin\u00eb time, un\u00eb d\u00ebshiroj q\u00eb t\u00eb nxis p\u00ebrqendrimin gjat\u00eb leximit dhe t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj, tek cilido q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i prir\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtroj\u00eb matan\u00eb mjedisit t\u00eb vet dhe t\u00eb kap esenc\u00ebn e Teoris\u00eb time, e cila s\u2019kapet dot nga nj\u00eb m\u00ebndje e mbushur me shpjegimeve stereotipe t\u00eb vrojtimeve, analizave dhe integrimeve t\u00eb varg\u00ebzuara n\u00eb zinxhirin e artikujve q\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb zbulimet e reja n\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatje shabllone me interpretimin e vjet\u00ebrsuar fillestar t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs prej ciklit nxehje-ftohje dhe shkrirje-ngrirje – shkrirje. Edhe m\u00ebndja shkencore ideologjizohet b\u00ebhet fundamentaliste si n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast q\u00eb teoria shkencore e zgjedhur nuk pranon alternaiv\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00eb, p\u00ebrjashton si hipotez\u00eb alternative interpretimin q\u00eb Rritja e Litosfer\u00ebs nuk fundoset sipas konceptit nxehje-ftohje dhe shkrirje-ngrirje, por \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i pakthyesh\u00ebm i ngurt\u00ebsimit t\u00eb magm\u00ebs q\u00eb prodhohet nga nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm brenda n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn energjetike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Toka zhvillohet si objekt kozmik prej transformimit t\u00eb materies kozmike q\u00eb funksionon si thelb b\u00ebrthame qysh nga faza e kalimit t\u00eb res\u00eb kozmike n\u00eb v\u00ebrtitje vorbulluese e mandej n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje rrethore q\u00eb kusht\u00ebzoi kalimin e mas\u00ebs p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb saj n\u00eb trupat e sistemit diellor.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu un\u00eb theksoj, se shpjegimet e mia qart\u00ebsojn\u00eb m\u00eb tej evolucionin q\u00eb, para se t\u00eb jet\u00eb evolucion i bot\u00ebs s\u00eb gjall\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb evolucion q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb bot\u00ebn materiale t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb shkret\u00eb. Pra, evolucioni \u00ebsht\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e nd\u00ebrveprimit dhe transformimit t\u00eb materies jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn e paraqitjes atom-molekulare, por edhe ne trajta para-atom molekulare; e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb si flukse valore-korpuskulare energjetik\u00eb dhe e p\u00ebrqendruar si e trajt\u00eb e tej-ngjeshur n\u00eb modelin e yllit neutronik q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb trajt\u00eb edhe e yllit masiv q\u00eb eksplodon (p\u00eblcet) dhe riciklon trajtat e materies n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. K\u00ebtu q\u00ebndron madh\u00ebshtia e teoris\u00eb time dhe zot\u00ebsia ime; un munda q\u00eb nga studimi i strukturave sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb t\u00eb Albanideve (Trojeve Shqiptare) kam kaluar n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar funksionimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs dhe ta lidh me funksionimin hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb pakufishme t\u00eb mbushur me sisteme planetare, trupa endacak dhe flukse energjetike. VSh<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebr publikim, Xhafer Lecaj<\/strong>, gazetar<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toka nga VShehu Korrik 18, 2018 (Prezantim i P\u00ebrmbledhur i Gjeo-Teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Transformimit t\u00eb Materies) Nga Vedat Shehu Of Department of Geosciences, Tirana University, Albania Retired, USA 115 Nor\u00ebood St., Sharon, MA 02067 vedshehu@yahoo.com; Fix: + 781 806 5638; Mobil: + 774 258 1452 V\u00cbSHTRIM I PERMBLEDHUR Pik\u00ebnisje e teoris\u00eb time \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti gjer\u00ebsisht i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,38,6,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-kuriozitete","category-lajme","category-shkence"],"yoast_head":"\nTOKA RRITET, NUK ZGJEROHET. 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