{"id":39026,"date":"2019-03-06T16:08:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-06T15:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=39026"},"modified":"2019-03-16T21:48:47","modified_gmt":"2019-03-16T20:48:47","slug":"gas-cs-arma-anti-demostruese-dhe-efektet-toksike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gas-cs-arma-anti-demostruese-dhe-efektet-toksike\/","title":{"rendered":"GAS CS, ARMA ANTI-DEMOSTRUESE DHE EFEKTET TOKSIKE"},"content":{"rendered":"

KUR NUK RESPEKTOHEN LIGJET NGA PROTESTUESIT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zef Mulaj<\/strong>
\nDr. n\u00eb shkencat “Metodologjike Analitike Mjeko-Ligjore”<\/em>
\nEkspert dhe konsulet Shkencor n\u00eb Kimin\u00eb Toksikologjike Mjeko-Ligjore.<\/em>
\nItali<\/em><\/p>\n

Produkti kimik ortokloro-benziliden-malononitril (i ashtuquajturi gaz CS), sintetizohet kimikisht duke reaguar dy komponime kimike: (1) 2-klorobenzaldehid dhe malononitrile. Gazi CS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur si gaz lotsjell\u00ebs nga forcat e policis\u00eb gjat\u00eb manifestimeve dhe trazirave, n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe gjetk\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ato p\u00ebrdoren nga forcat e policis\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar manifestimet e dhun\u00ebs kolektive (ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur dhe shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb demonstratat e paautorizuara t\u00eb protest\u00ebs): p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim ato p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb form\u00ebn e bombolave t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs, artificiale p\u00ebr t’u hedhur me pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme dhe pushk\u00eb. Ata jan\u00eb cilindra me nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl termike q\u00eb, shkaktuar nga lansimi ose ndikimi me tok\u00ebn, shpejt nxehet ena dhe avullon substanc\u00ebn e l\u00ebngshme, e cila b\u00ebhet e dukshme si nj\u00eb tym i bardh\u00eb. Nd\u00ebr lot\u00ebsjell\u00ebsit e p\u00ebrdorur, m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorurat jan\u00eb deri tani tre:<\/p>\n

1. Orto-kloro-benzal malonitril (gaz CS)
\n2. Dibenzen (b, f) -1,4-diozepin\u00eb (gazi CR)
\n3. Kloroacetophenon (gaz CN)
\n(1)- ClC6H4CHO + H2C(CN)2 \u2192 ClC6H4CHC(CN)2 + H2O<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Efektet e menj\u00ebhershme t\u00eb gazit tek njer\u00ebzit ndodhin n\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrime t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe varen nga veprimi irritues ndaj l\u00ebkur\u00ebs dhe mukozave. Organet e para t\u00eb synuara p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohen nga syt\u00eb: irritime intensive p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb acarimit t\u00eb mukoz\u00ebs, blefarospazm\u00ebs, konjuktivitit, edem\u00ebs periorbitale, djegjes dhe dhimbjes. CS zakonisht klasifikohet si nj\u00eb arm\u00eb jo vdekjeprur\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar trazirat. Megjithat\u00eb, gazi CS ka provuar t\u00eb ket\u00eb efekte an\u00ebsore toksike, t\u00eb cilat aktualisht studiohen n\u00eb toksikologji.<\/p>\n

Sipas Amnesty International, pas ekspozimit n\u00eb trazirat n\u00eb 2001 shum\u00eb persona kan\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb ankes\u00eb formale, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me raporte mjek\u00ebsore, duke pretenduar se vuajn\u00eb pasoja afatgjata (d\u00ebmtime n\u00eb mushk\u00ebri, fyt dhe l\u00ebkur\u00eb) p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ekspozimit ndaj gazit CS. Raporte t\u00eb ngjashme jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion nga njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuar n\u00eb manifestimet gjat\u00eb 2011-2015.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb l\u00ebndimet e dob\u00ebta, literatura flet p\u00ebr d\u00ebmtimin e mushk\u00ebrive, dhe n\u00eb disa raste jan\u00eb raportuar efekte mbi zemr\u00ebn dhe m\u00ebl\u00e7in\u00eb. D\u00ebmtimi i mundsh\u00ebm i organeve t\u00eb brendshme, si dhe simptomat gastrointestinale, u evidentua nga ekspozimet aksidentale t\u00eb raportuara n\u00eb literatur\u00eb. N\u00eb lidhje me syt\u00eb, rritja e presionit intraokular mund t\u00eb filloj\u00eb glaukoma akute n\u00eb individ\u00eb t\u00eb preksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket aparatit t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes, efektet e zakonshme p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohen nga acarimi i rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb sip\u00ebrme q\u00eb shfaqen klinikisht si kongjestion nazale dhe hunda e l\u00ebngshme: ato efekte zakonisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb kthyeshme dhe zhduken brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, n\u00ebse personi i ekspozuar l\u00ebviz n\u00eb aj\u00ebr t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe lan vet\u00eb dhe rrobat me uj\u00eb t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt. N\u00eb disa raste, efektet irrituese mund t\u00eb shtrihen distalisht dhe t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb laringit, tracheitis, acarim bronkial dhe koll\u00eb me g\u00eblbaz\u00eb t\u00eb bollshme. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, laringit mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb laringospazm\u00eb dhe acarim t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht ARDS (Sindromi i S\u00ebmundjes Stres Respirator).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn mjek\u00ebsore raportohen edhe raste t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb koll\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjatur dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes p\u00ebr disa muaj. N\u00eb lidhje me l\u00ebkur\u00ebn, kontakti me l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e gazit shkakton ndjesi djegieje q\u00eb zakonisht ulet shpejt: kontaminimi i veshjeve mund t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb efektet dhe n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ekspozimit t\u00eb zgjatur mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb djegie t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. P\u00ebr traktin gastrointestinal, efektet zakonisht rrjedhin nga kontaminimi i ushqimit dhe pijeve, dhe varen nga acarimi i mukozave dhe \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb simptoma t\u00eb tilla si: t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier, t\u00eb vjella, humbje e oreksit, diarre, dhimbje abdominale. Efektet m\u00eb serioze, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb s\u00ebmundja akute e m\u00ebl\u00e7is\u00eb (hepatiti), jan\u00eb raportuar gjithashtu her\u00eb pas here.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundi, ka shum\u00eb prova nga studimet e koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb efekteve kancerogjene dhe mutagjene t\u00eb CS. Ato tregojn\u00eb mekanizmin q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton veprimin toksik t\u00eb CS, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht formimin e cianideve. Mekanizmi kancerogjen i CS nuk bazohet n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin e p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes me ADN, por drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb aparatin e qelizave mitotike, duke shkaktuar ndryshime kromozomale.<\/p>\n

Veprimi i CS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Efektiviteti i CS n\u00eb kontrollin e turm\u00ebs vjen nga veprimi e tij si nj\u00eb ngacmues i l\u00ebkur\u00ebs dhe mukoz\u00ebs dhe krijues tejet i r\u00ebnd\u00eb, edhe n\u00eb doza t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Conjunctivitis<\/b> dhe blepharospasm<\/b> shoq\u00ebrues, djegia dhe dhimbja jan\u00eb tipike. K\u00ebto simptoma jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar n\u00eb mjedisin e nxeht\u00eb ose t\u00eb lag\u00ebsht. CS zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb mikronizuar dhe e p\u00ebrzier me nj\u00eb antiagglomerant ose \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar me nj\u00eb silikoni q\u00eb hidhet n\u00eb uj\u00eb (formulimet e njohura si CS1 dhe CS2, respektivisht): n\u00eb ato raste, ajo mund t\u00eb mbetet aktive p\u00ebr dit\u00eb ose jav\u00eb, kur pluhurohet n\u00eb tok\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i gazit lotsjell\u00ebs n\u00eb situatat e fundit t\u00eb trazirave civile tregon se ekspozimi ndaj arm\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u kontrolluar dhe kjo arm\u00eb rrall\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gabimisht. Jan\u00eb dokumentuar l\u00ebndime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda traumatike nga shp\u00ebrthimi i granatave t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs dhe d\u00ebmtimi toksik. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat ekzistuese toksikologjike ende jan\u00eb t\u00eb pasigurta n\u00eb lidhje me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj agjenti p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar efekte afatgjata t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive, kancerogjene dhe riprodhuese. Megjithat\u00eb, testet e botuara n\u00eb in-vitro treguan o-klorobenzilidenemalononitrile t\u00eb jen\u00eb si mutagjene ashtu edhe klastogjene.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i p\u00ebrhapur i agjent\u00ebve t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs natyrisht ngre \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, natyra e zbatimit t\u00eb saj e b\u00ebn t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb hetimin epidemiologjik t\u00eb personave t\u00eb ekspozuar. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, autor\u00ebt e artikujve t\u00eb publikuar t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm (70 dhe 80) kan\u00eb kuptuar se n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoren si duhet, efektet e d\u00ebmshme jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme dhe nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

B\u00ebhet pyetje p\u00ebr efektet e gazit lotsjell\u00ebs kur p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pa kontrolluar. N\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimin e komunitetit, t\u00eb kryer n\u00eb vitet e fundit (2011-2015) n\u00eb disa vende, ka pasur raporte t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura p\u00ebr forcat e policis\u00eb q\u00eb q\u00ebllonin me gaz lotsjell\u00ebs drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb tubime t\u00eb turmave dhe hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb mbyllura si dhomat dhe dyqanet.<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb gjenden pran\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb granatave t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb traum\u00eb dep\u00ebrtuese nga fragmentet plastike, gj\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet nga prania e gazit lotsjell\u00ebs kimik. Shum\u00eb individ\u00eb q\u00eb marrin djegie t\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrplasura nga kontakti i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me pluhurin e gazit lotsjell\u00ebs. Ka pasur disa histori t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar l\u00ebndime toksike m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin kujdes mjek\u00ebsor dhe, n\u00eb disa raste, hospitalizimin.<\/p>\n

Sondazhe mbi komunitete t\u00eb ndryshme kan\u00eb grumbulluar disa simptoma t\u00eb zakonshme, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kollitjen dhe frym\u00ebmarrjen, n\u00eb mesin e t\u00eb anketuarve dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre, q\u00eb vazhdonin jav\u00eb pas ekspozimit. Urgjencat mjek\u00ebsore kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se pacient\u00ebt me astm\u00eb dhe s\u00ebmundje kronike obstruktive treguan p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e funksionit t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive, disa n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb serioze q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin trajtim mjek\u00ebsor dhe hospitalizim.<\/p>\n

Toksikologjia<\/b> e<\/b> CS<\/b><\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb studime n\u00eb mes vullnetar\u00ebve kan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur se n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve heqja nga ekspozimi ndaj CS p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrim mjaft t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb me nd\u00ebrprerjen e t\u00eb gjitha simptomave brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Studimet e toksikologjis\u00eb nga inhalimi n\u00eb nivelet e larta t\u00eb ekspozimit CS, kan\u00eb treguar aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar pneumonin\u00eb kimike dhe edemin pulmonare, demtime ne zemer e hepatocelular, jan raportuar edhe vdekje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrqendrimi n\u00eb traktitin respirator t\u00eb CS \u00ebsht\u00eb vdekjeprur\u00ebse deri n\u00eb 50% t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm vler\u00ebsohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 25000-150000 mg \/ m3<\/sup> p\u00ebr minut\u00eb, bazuar n\u00eb studimet e kafsh\u00ebve. Kur shp\u00ebrthen jasht\u00eb, nj\u00eb granat\u00eb CS p\u00ebrhap\u00eb nj\u00eb re prej 6 deri n\u00eb 9 m n\u00eb diamet\u00ebr, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb prodhohet nj\u00eb koncentrim prej 2000-5000 mg \/ m3<\/sup>, me p\u00ebrqendrime q\u00eb shpejt ulen me distanc\u00eb.
\nP\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, arm\u00ebt kimike n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi jan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur t\u00eb jen\u00eb jo t\u00eb nj\u00ebtrajtshme n\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjen e tyre.<\/p>\n

Studimet e toksikologjis\u00eb orale kan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e CS p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar gastroenterit t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb me perforim. Studimet metabolike tregojn\u00eb se CS i absorbuar metabolizohet n\u00eb cianid n\u00eb indet periferike. Sidoqoft\u00eb, mund\u00ebsia aktuale e ekspozimit ndaj niveleve t\u00eb CS, q\u00eb shkakton formimin t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb cianidit n\u00eb nivelin e indeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e diskutueshme: Djegia p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kontaktit dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs me alergji t\u00eb kontaktit ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb studimesh eksperimentale dhe v\u00ebzhguese mbi kafsh\u00ebt dhe njer\u00ebzit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me shum\u00eb djegie t\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs t\u00eb hasura gjat\u00eb hetimeve.<\/p>\n

Gjenotoksiciteti potencial<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb studim q\u00eb afirmojn\u00eb se mekanizmi kancerogjen i CS nuk bazohet n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin e p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes me ADN, por drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb aparatin e qelizave mitotike, duke shkaktuar aberrime kromozomale. Agjenti CS mund t\u00eb alkilizoj\u00eb grupet sulfhidril dhe, ndoshta, ADN. Si i till\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb potencialisht gjenotoksik. Disa studiues kan\u00eb treguar se CS \u00ebsht\u00eb mutagjene n\u00eb qelizat e salmonel\u00ebs dhe minj.<\/p>\n

Rezultate<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja toksikologjike ekziston nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr hulumtime m\u00eb epidemiologjike dhe laboratorike q\u00eb ndri\u00e7ojn\u00eb pasojat sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb ekspozimit ndaj p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsve t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs si CS. Mund\u00ebsia e pasojave sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb formimi i kancerit, efektet riprodhuese dhe s\u00ebmundjet e mushk\u00ebrive, \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ekspozimeve t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta t\u00eb demonstruesve dhe jo demonstruesve n\u00eb disa zona t\u00eb trazirave civile.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi i toleranc\u00ebs s\u00eb CS, nj\u00eb fenomen q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb studimet mbi vullnetar\u00ebt njer\u00ebzor\u00eb ka rritur ndoshta gjat\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe intensitetin e ekspozimit t\u00eb mbajtur nga disa individ\u00eb. Shum\u00eb studime kan\u00eb lidhur ekspozimin e CS me aborte spontane. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kur CS \u00ebsht\u00eb metabolizuar, cianidi mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb indet njer\u00ebzore. ( Nga H. Howard dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, “Tear gaz? Agjent toksik si atn\u00eb kimike”. Gazet\u00ebn e Shoqat\u00ebs Mjek\u00ebsore Amerikane 4 gusht, 1989) trazirave nga forcat e policis\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ndalim. Gazi i CS \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pajisjeve t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb policis\u00eb italiane, q\u00eb nga viti 1991.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, pretendimet se gazi CS nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb toksik, jan\u00eb kund\u00ebrpeshuar nga shum\u00eb gjetje nga studimet e fundit, duke treguar shum\u00eb efekte toksike, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb rast t\u00eb keqp\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb gazit, ose n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe t\u00eb ndjeshme. Miratimi i parimit t\u00eb kujdesit paraprak duket, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, i rekomanduesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebrdorimi i gazit CS nga ana e forcave t\u00eb policis\u00eb p\u00ebr kontrollin e trazirave duhet t\u00eb braktiset, t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me kund\u00ebrmasat e tjera.<\/p>\n

Substanc\u00eb t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb CS klasifikohen nga Komisioni Evropian (substanca t\u00eb rrezikshme Direktiva 675\/148 \/ EEC) n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e 3, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht: “substancat paraqitur rezultate pozitive duke zbuluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb testet mutagjene, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb vivo. Substancat e k\u00ebtij lloji jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb efekteve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mundshme mutagjene” (Rregulloren e K\u00ebshillit Evropian 793\/93 \/ EEC t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 23 mars 1993. O.J. n.L84 1993\/05\/04).<\/p>\n

Efektet afatgjata<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka prova dhe studime t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit q\u00eb pastrojn\u00eb fush\u00ebn n\u00eb lidhje me efektet kancerogjene dhe mutagjene. Ne do t\u00eb marrim vet\u00ebm disa shembuj.
\n\u2022 N\u00eb artikullin mbi Arch. Toxikol. nga Frankemberg dhe Sorbo i 1973, 31 (1973) 99-108, \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikuar mekanizmi themelor i veprimit toksik t\u00eb CS, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht formimi i cianideve.<\/p>\n

\u2022 N\u00eb artikullin e vitit 1981 n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn revist\u00eb, Von Daniken dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, 49 (1981) 15-27 e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se CS nuk kishte asnj\u00eb efekt kancerogjen nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuar d\u00ebme t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb. Por n\u00eb artikullin mbi Arch. Toxicol. Ziegler-Skylakakis et al, 1989, 63 (1989) 314-319 zbulon mekanizmin kancerogjene e CS: ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e bazuar n\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprimin e kompleksit me ADN-n\u00eb, por direkt n\u00eb aparatin e qelizave mitotike, duke shkaktuar aberrations kromozomale. Ekspozimi ndaj CS \u00e7on n\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb kitit kromozomal (si thyerja dhe aneuploiditeti) dhe n\u00eb formimin e radikal\u00ebve t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Nj\u00eb efekt kancerogjene \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye edhe nuk ka d\u00ebme t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb, direkt duke ndryshuar norm\u00ebn e mitoz\u00ebs t\u00eb qelizave, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb ata t\u00eb luajn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, ose duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb ata nism\u00ebtar\u00ebt e kolonive t\u00eb tumorit. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb, qelizat e kancerit.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Duke treguar se ekspozimi ndaj CS mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb kromozome \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar se kjo do t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb d\u00ebmtim gjenetik dhe mund, n\u00eb disa raste, t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb humbjen e kontrollit t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb qelizave favorizon krijimin e kolonive t\u00eb tumorit.
\n\u2022 N\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna epidemiologjike – tani p\u00ebr tani – p\u00ebr shkak se p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb nuk ka popullata ekspozuara – tani p\u00ebr tani – me k\u00ebt\u00eb agjent t\u00eb gjat\u00eb-gjenotoksike por ka treguar si n\u00eb vitro dhe in vivo se efektet CS rritja e shpesht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ekspozimeve ndaj\u00a0gazit lotsjell\u00ebs (i quajtur edhe CS, CN, ose CX) dhe llak piper (OC) jan\u00eb komponimet kimike, q\u00eb jan\u00eb arm\u00ebt projektuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim nga ushtria dhe policia p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb turm\u00ebn e n\u00ebnshtruar individ\u00ebt. K\u00ebto komponime irritojn\u00eb membranat mukoz\u00eb (brenda goj\u00ebs dhe hund\u00ebs, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, jan\u00eb plot me mukoz\u00eb) dhe l\u00ebkur\u00ebn. Ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier me tret\u00ebs, dhe furnizohen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb shtyt\u00ebsve. Disa njer\u00ebz mendojn\u00eb se komponimet, tret\u00ebsit ose shtyt\u00ebsit mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb kancer, defekte t\u00eb lindjes dhe mutacione gjenetike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1999, protestat n\u00eb Seattle, sadi t\u00eb gazit lotsjell\u00ebs p\u00ebrmbanin klorid metilen, nj\u00eb tret\u00ebs shum\u00eb toksik, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb konfuzion mendor, dhimbje koke, ndjesi shpimi gjilp\u00ebrash n\u00eb gjymtyr\u00eb, takikardi, vizuale dhe hallucinations auditory, p\u00ebr\u00e7arje e ciklit menstrual, abort, dhe efekte t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb mushk\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb sistemin e tretjes stresi akut, frika q\u00eb shkakton trauma (q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb stresit akut ose \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb stresit post-traumatik) \u00e7orientim, konfuzion dhe nganj\u00ebher\u00eb panik. Disa njer\u00ebz raportojn\u00eb ndjenja t\u00eb depresionit t\u00eb fort\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ju nuk b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb pacient i af\u00ebrt me dik\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ekspozuar pa komunikuar qart\u00eb se kush jeni CS (O-chlorobenzylidene malonitrate) Gazi merr emrin e saj me inicialet e dy shkemctarve (Corson dhe Stoughton) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e sintetizuan n\u00eb vitin 1928. Gjendja e tij natyrore \u00ebsht\u00eb e fort\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb i tretsh\u00ebm n\u00eb uj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i saj i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn e aerosoleve, tymit ose avullit. P\u00ebrdorimet e zakonshme jan\u00eb ato t\u00eb luft\u00ebs ose t\u00eb policis\u00eb si kontroll trazimi, ajo p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu si nj\u00eb arm\u00eb e vet\u00ebmbrojtjes.<\/p>\n

Studimime t\u00eb Parlamenti Evropian gjithashtu p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb d\u00ebmit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme lidhur me p\u00ebrdorimin e dy kimikateve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura si gaz lotsjell\u00ebs, NK dhe Cs. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit, ajo p\u00ebrmbledh gjetjet e 115.107 publikimeve shkencore sull’Ortho-Chlorobenzylidene-malonitrile “anketuar” nga Stoa, dokumentuar se p\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebtij kimike n\u00eb disa raste mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb seriozisht e d\u00ebmshme, sidomos n\u00ebse t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb zonat e mbyllura dhe pa rrug\u00eb shp\u00ebtimi, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb largohen shpejt nga zonat e p\u00ebrqendrimit maksimal t\u00eb gazit.<\/p>\n

Pezmatim i l\u00ebkur\u00ebs, gastroenterit, edem\u00eb pulmonare, d\u00ebshtimi congestive zemr\u00ebs, d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb m\u00ebl\u00e7is\u00eb, modifikimet gjenetike, Kancer: k\u00ebto jan\u00eb, disa nga rreziqet serioze t\u00eb shkaktuara nga ekspozimi ndaj gazit lotsjell\u00ebs “ngarkuar” me Cs. Duke u treguar se ekspozimi ndaj CS mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb kitin kromozomal me sa duket se kjo mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb d\u00ebmtim gjenetik dhe mund, n\u00eb disa raste, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb humbja e kontrollit t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb qelizave duke favorizuar krijimin e kolonive neoplastike.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KUR NUK RESPEKTOHEN LIGJET NGA PROTESTUESIT Zef Mulaj Dr. n\u00eb shkencat “Metodologjike Analitike Mjeko-Ligjore” Ekspert dhe konsulet Shkencor n\u00eb Kimin\u00eb Toksikologjike Mjeko-Ligjore. Itali Produkti kimik ortokloro-benziliden-malononitril (i ashtuquajturi gaz CS), sintetizohet kimikisht duke reaguar dy komponime kimike: (1) 2-klorobenzaldehid dhe malononitrile. Gazi CS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur si gaz lotsjell\u00ebs nga forcat e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nGAS CS, ARMA ANTI-DEMOSTRUESE DHE EFEKTET TOKSIKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gas-cs-arma-anti-demostruese-dhe-efektet-toksike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GAS CS, ARMA ANTI-DEMOSTRUESE DHE EFEKTET TOKSIKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"KUR NUK RESPEKTOHEN LIGJET NGA PROTESTUESIT Zef Mulaj Dr. n\u00eb shkencat “Metodologjike Analitike Mjeko-Ligjore” Ekspert dhe konsulet Shkencor n\u00eb Kimin\u00eb Toksikologjike Mjeko-Ligjore. 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Itali Produkti kimik ortokloro-benziliden-malononitril (i ashtuquajturi gaz CS), sintetizohet kimikisht duke reaguar dy komponime kimike: (1) 2-klorobenzaldehid dhe malononitrile. 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