{"id":40415,"date":"2019-04-18T11:17:19","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T09:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=40415"},"modified":"2019-04-18T19:16:07","modified_gmt":"2019-04-18T17:16:07","slug":"shkrimtaret-e-rilindjes-te-cilet-formuan-boten-moderne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shkrimtaret-e-rilindjes-te-cilet-formuan-boten-moderne\/","title":{"rendered":"Shkrimtar\u00ebt e Rilindjes, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Formuan Bot\u00ebn Moderne"},"content":{"rendered":"

Portret i Francesco Petrarca (1304-1379) Nga De Viris Illustribus. Artist: Altichiero, (Altichiero da Zevio) (1330-1390). Getty Images<\/em><\/p>\n

nga Jeffrey Somers<\/strong><\/a> – ThoughtCo.com<\/a>
\nAktualizuar m\u00eb 04 janar 2018<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb shqip dhe p\u00ebrgatiti Arben \u00c7okaj<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr keqkuptimit popullor, Mesjeta nuk ishte nj\u00eb “epok\u00eb e err\u00ebt” n\u00eb historin\u00eb ton\u00eb kolektive. Ky term nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn (p\u00ebrderisa Evropa dhe territoret e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake Per\u00ebndimore<\/a> me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb vuajn\u00eb periudha t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb r\u00ebnies sociale dhe \u00e7rregullimeve, shum\u00eb zona t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs lul\u00ebzuan gjat\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs periudh\u00eb, dhe vazhdimi i Perandoris\u00eb Romake, Perandoria Bizantine<\/a>, ishte m\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme dhe me ndikim gjat\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs Mosh\u00eb t\u00eb Err\u00ebt<\/em>), \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e pasakt\u00eb. Imazhi popullor i fshatar\u00ebve injorant\u00eb dhe murgjve t\u00eb sekuestruar, q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb injoranc\u00eb dhe supersticione, nd\u00ebrsa bota ra n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht fiction.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb sh\u00ebnon Mesjet\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7do gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ishte dominimi i Kish\u00ebs Katolike dhe paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria politike<\/strong> (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb krahasim me shekujt e dominimit t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm romak<\/em>). Kisha, duke par\u00eb filozofin\u00eb dhe let\u00ebrsin\u00eb romake greke dhe tradicionale si pagane dhe nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim, dekurajoi studimin dhe m\u00ebsimin e tyre dhe shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e nj\u00eb bote t\u00eb unifikuar politike n\u00eb shum\u00eb mbret\u00ebri e duqe t\u00eb vogla. Nj\u00eb rezultat i k\u00ebtyre faktor\u00ebve ishte nj\u00eb zhvendosje nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrim intelektual i p\u00ebrqendruar te njeriu n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb festoi gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb mbanin shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb s\u00eb bashku – ndan\u00eb besimet fetare dhe kulturore.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rilindja<\/a> ishte nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb q\u00eb fillonte n\u00eb shekullin e 14-t\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm dhe zgjati deri n\u00eb shekullin e 17-t\u00eb. Larg nga nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb e papritur mbrapa drejt arritjeve shkencore dhe artistike, ishte me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb rizbulim i filozofive njer\u00ebzore dhe artit t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb, s\u00eb bashku me forcat kulturore q\u00eb nxit\u00ebn Evrop\u00ebn drejt revolucioneve shoq\u00ebrore dhe intelektuale, q\u00eb festoi trupin e njeriut dhe zbavitej n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi – nostalgji p\u00ebr veprat romake dhe greke, q\u00eb papritmas dukeshin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri moderne dhe revolucionare. Larg nga nj\u00eb frym\u00ebzim i mrekulluesh\u00ebm i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, Rilindja u nxit n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe nga r\u00ebnia e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine dhe r\u00ebnia e Konstandinopoj\u00ebs n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane. Fluksi masiv i njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb iknin nga Lindja n\u00eb Itali – sidomos Firence, ku realitetet politike dhe kulturore u b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis mikprit\u00ebs – solli k\u00ebto ide p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi. Pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Vdekja e Zez\u00eb<\/em><\/a><\/strong> shkat\u00ebrroi popullatat n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn dhe i detyroi t\u00eb mbijetuarit t\u00eb mendonin jo p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrtejme, por p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e tyre fizike, duke zhvendosur fokusin intelektual n\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimet tok\u00ebsore<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se si n\u00eb shum\u00eb periudha historike, njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetonin gjat\u00eb Rilindjes kishin pak ide se ishin gjall\u00eb gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb famshme kohore. Jasht\u00eb arteve, Rilindja pa r\u00ebnien e fuqis\u00eb politike t\u00eb Papatit dhe rritjen e kontaktit midis fuqive evropiane dhe kulturave t\u00eb tjera n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tregtis\u00eb dhe eksplorimit<\/em>. Bota u b\u00eb n\u00eb thelb m\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i lejoi njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheshin p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra p\u00ebrtej mbijetes\u00ebs baz\u00eb – gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tilla si arti dhe let\u00ebrsia. N\u00eb fakt, disa nga shkrimtar\u00ebt q\u00eb dol\u00ebn gjat\u00eb Rilindjes mbeten shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebrave dhe ishin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr teknikat letrare, mendimet dhe filozofit\u00eb, q\u00eb ende huazohen dhe hulumtohen sot. Leximi i veprave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre 10 shkrimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Rilindjes, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do t’ju jap\u00eb nj\u00eb ide t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka karakterizuar mendimin dhe filozofin\u00eb e Rilindjes, por gjithashtu do t’ju jap\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb shkrimit modern n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, sepse k\u00ebta shkrimtar\u00eb jan\u00eb atje ku filloi ndjenja jon\u00eb moderne e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

01. William Shakespeare<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Hamleti nga William Shakespeare<\/em><\/p>\n

Askush nuk e diskuton literatur\u00ebn – n\u00eb asnj\u00eb kuptim – pa p\u00ebrmendur Shekspirin<\/a>. Ndikimi i tij thjesht nuk mund t\u00eb ekzagjerohet. Ai krijoi shum\u00eb fjal\u00eb ende n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb anglishtes (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb bedazzled<\/em>, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb arritja e tij m\u00eb e madhe), ai krijoi shum\u00eb fraza dhe idioma, q\u00eb ne ende p\u00ebrdorim sot (\u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqesh t\u00eb thyesh akullin<\/em>, thua nj\u00eb lutje p\u00ebr Billin), dhe ai kodifikoi disa histori dhe komplote q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb fjalorin e paduksh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00e7do historie t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb. Sepse, ende p\u00ebrshtaten pjes\u00ebt e tij n\u00eb filma dhe media t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb baz\u00eb vjetore. Nuk ka fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb asnj\u00eb shkrimtar tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb ka pasur nj\u00eb ndikim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn angleze, me p\u00ebrjashtime t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm…<\/p>\n

02. Geoffrey Chaucer<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> P\u00ebrrallat e Canterbury, nga Geoffrey Chaucer<\/em><\/p>\n

Ndikimi i Chaucer mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmblidhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb fjali: Pa t\u00eb, Shekspiri<\/a> nuk do t\u00eb ishte Shekspir<\/em>. Jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb “P\u00ebrrallat e Canterbury<\/a>” t\u00eb Chaucer sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb her\u00ebn e par\u00eb, q\u00eb anglishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00eb serioze n\u00eb ambiciet letrare (anglishtja konsiderohej gjuh\u00eb “e zakonshme” p\u00ebr t\u00eb paedukuarit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur familja mbret\u00ebrore e Anglis\u00eb e konsideronte veten ende n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra franceze dhe n\u00eb fakt franceze ishte gjuha zyrtare e gjykat\u00ebs<\/em>), por teknika e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb pes\u00eb streseve n\u00eb nj\u00eb rresht ishte nj\u00eb paraardh\u00ebs i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb i pentameterit jambik t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga Shakespeare dhe bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsit e tij.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

03. Nicholas Machiavelli<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Princi, nga Nicholas Machiavelli<\/em><\/p>\n

Ka vet\u00ebm disa shkrimtar\u00eb, emrat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kan\u00eb mbiemra (shih Shekspirian\u00ebt<\/a>), dhe Machiavelli<\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej tyre, fal\u00eb vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb tij m\u00eb t\u00eb famshme, “Princi<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Fokusi i Machiavellit mbi tok\u00ebn n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb qiellore \u00ebsht\u00eb tregues i ndryshimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb po ndodh gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, kur Rilindja mori avull. Koncepti i tij se kishte nj\u00eb ndarje midis moralit publik dhe privat, dhe miratimi i tij i dhun\u00ebs, vrasjes dhe mashtrimeve politike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar dhe ruajtur pushtetin, \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi ku marrim fjal\u00ebn Machiavellian<\/em>, kur p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm politikan\u00ebt e k\u00ebqinj ose skemat.<\/p>\n

Disa jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb rishikojn\u00eb “Princin<\/em>“, si nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb satir\u00ebs apo edhe nj\u00eb lloj manuali revolucionar (duke argumentuar se audienca e synuar ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb masat e shtypura, n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t’i treguar se si t’i p\u00ebrmbysnin sunduesit e tyre<\/em>), por pothuajse kjo nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi; Ndikimi i Machiavellit \u00ebsht\u00eb i padiskutuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

04. Miguel de Cervantes<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Don Kishoti, nga Miguel de Cervantes<\/em><\/p>\n

Gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb konsideroni t\u00eb jeni novela jan\u00eb nj\u00eb shpikje relativisht e re, dhe “Don Kishoti<\/a>” i Miguel de Cervantes<\/a> konsiderohet p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb nga shembujt e par\u00eb – n\u00ebse jo i pari.<\/p>\n

Botuar n\u00eb vitin 1605, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb e von\u00eb e Rilindjes, e cila gjithashtu meriton t\u00eb form\u00ebsoj\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tani gjuha spanjolle moderne; n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, Servantes duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet si i barabart\u00eb me Shekspirin n\u00eb aspektin e ndikimit kulturor.<\/p>\n

Servantes luajti me gjuh\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrdorur grushte dhe kontradikta p\u00ebr efektin humoristik dhe imazhin e San\u00e7os besnik, duke ndjekur mjerisht mjeshtrin e tij t\u00eb mashtruar, nd\u00ebrsa ai p\u00ebrkulet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb n\u00eb mullinjt\u00eb e er\u00ebs, ka kaluar gjat\u00eb shekujve. Romani q\u00eb shkon nga “Idioti” i Dostojevskit te “Psher\u00ebtima e fundit e Moorit” t\u00eb Ruzhdies, ndikohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite nga “Don Kishoti”, duke krijuar ndikimin e tij t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm letrar.<\/p>\n

05. Dante Alighieri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Komedia Hyjnore, nga Dante Alighieri<\/em><\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00ebse nuk dini asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rreth Dantes<\/a> apo Rilindjes, keni d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr vepr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Dantes, “Komedia Hyjnore<\/a>“, e cila ende merr emrin e kontrolluar nga nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb veprash moderne<\/a> si “Inferno<\/em>” i Dan Brown; n\u00eb fakt, sa her\u00eb q\u00eb i referohesh nj\u00eb “rrethi t\u00eb ferrit<\/a>“, po i referohemi vizionit t\u00eb Dantes p\u00ebr mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Satanait.<\/p>\n

“Komedia Hyjnore<\/em>” \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb poezi q\u00eb ndjek Danten vet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa udh\u00ebton n\u00ebp\u00ebr ferr, purgator dhe qiell. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb komplekse n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn dhe referencat e saj, dhe mjaft bukur n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e saj edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim. Nd\u00ebrsa ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me shum\u00eb tema teologjike dhe fetare, ajo tregon rrath\u00ebt e saj t\u00eb Rilindjes, n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra kritikat e Dantes dhe komentet mbi politik\u00ebn bashk\u00ebkohore fiorentine, shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe kultur\u00ebn. T\u00eb kuptuarit e t\u00eb gjitha shakave, fyerjeve dhe komenteve \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr lexuesit modern\u00eb, por ndikimi i poezis\u00eb ndihet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kultur\u00ebn moderne. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, sa shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb njihen vet\u00ebm me emrin e tyre t\u00eb par\u00eb?<\/p>\n

06. John Donne<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> P\u00ebrmbledhje me poezi, nga John Donne<\/em><\/p>\n

Donne<\/a> nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr i familjes jasht\u00eb anglishtes dhe majorave t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, por ndikimi i tij n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb n\u00eb vitet q\u00eb pasojn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb epik. Nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm “metafizik\u00eb”, Donne zbuloi m\u00eb shum\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak disa teknika letrare n\u00eb veprat e tij komplekse, sidomos mashtrimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb dy koncepteve n\u00eb dukje t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e metaforave t\u00eb fuqishme. P\u00ebrdorimi i tij i ironis\u00eb dhe toni shpesh cinik dhe i zjarrt\u00eb i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, befason shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkrimin m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr si t\u00eb lul\u00ebzuar dhe pretencioz\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Puna e Donne gjithashtu p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson zhvendosjen n\u00eb fokus nga shkrimi, q\u00eb pothuajse ekskluzivisht merrej me tema fetare p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb personale, nj\u00eb prirje e filluar n\u00eb Rilindjen q\u00eb vazhdon edhe sot. Braktisja e formave t\u00eb ashpra dhe t\u00eb rrepta t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, n\u00eb favor t\u00eb ritmeve m\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, q\u00eb ngjajn\u00eb shum\u00eb me fjal\u00ebn e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ishte revolucionar dhe dallg\u00ebt nga risit\u00eb e tij ende jan\u00eb duke u ngat\u00ebrruar ndaj ndri\u00e7imit modern.<\/p>\n

07. Edmund Spenser<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Mbret\u00ebresha e zanatit, nga Edmund Spenser<\/em><\/p>\n

Spenser<\/a> nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq shum\u00eb i nj\u00eb emri familjar si Shekspiri, por ndikimi i tij n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e poezis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq epik sa vepra e tij m\u00eb e njohur, “Mbret\u00ebresha e zanatit<\/a>“. Kjo poem\u00eb e gjat\u00eb (dhe teknikisht e pap\u00ebrfunduar<\/em>) \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje goxha lajkatuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur m\u00eb pas mbret\u00ebresh\u00ebn Elizabeta I; Spenser d\u00ebshironte d\u00ebshp\u00ebrimisht t\u00eb fisnik\u00ebrohej, nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim q\u00eb ai kurr\u00eb nuk arriti, dhe nj\u00eb poezi q\u00eb lidh Mbret\u00ebresh\u00ebn Elizabet\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha virtytet n\u00eb bot\u00eb, dukej si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar drejt k\u00ebsaj. S\u00eb bashku, Spenser zhvilloi nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb poetike t\u00eb njohur ende si Stanza Spenseriane dhe nj\u00eb stil soneti t\u00eb njohur si Soneti Spenserian<\/a>, t\u00eb cilat t\u00eb dyja jan\u00eb kopjuar nga poet\u00ebt e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm si Coleridge<\/em> dhe Shakespeare<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse jeni apo jo i dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas poezis\u00eb, Spenser duket i madh n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb literatur\u00ebn moderne.<\/p>\n

08. Giovanni Boccaccio<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Decameron, nga Giovanni Boccaccio<\/em><\/p>\n

Boccaccio jetonte dhe punoi gjat\u00eb Rilindjes s\u00eb hershme n\u00eb Firence, duke prodhuar nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim t\u00eb madh t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, q\u00eb i dha disa nga rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt themelore t\u00eb fokusit t\u00eb ri – humanist<\/a> t\u00eb epok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ai punoi si n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn italiane (q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e p\u00ebrditshme e popullsis\u00eb), ashtu edhe n\u00eb kompozime m\u00eb formale latine, dhe puna e tij ndikoi drejtp\u00ebrdrejt tek Chaucer<\/em> dhe Shakespeare<\/em>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendur \u00e7do shkrimtar, q\u00eb ka jetuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Puna e tij m\u00eb e famshme, “Decameron<\/a>“, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model i qart\u00eb p\u00ebr “P\u00ebrrallat e Canterbury”, pasi ajo p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb histori korniz\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve, q\u00eb iknin n\u00eb nj\u00eb vil\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar nga vdekja e zez\u00eb dhe arg\u00ebtonin veten, duke u treguar p\u00ebrralla. Nj\u00eb nga teknikat m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb Boccaccio ishte se b\u00ebnte dialog n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb natyrale, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb stilit tep\u00ebr tradicional t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs. \u00c7do her\u00eb q\u00eb lexon nj\u00eb linj\u00eb dialogu n\u00eb nj\u00eb roman, q\u00eb ndihet i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, mund t\u00eb fal\u00ebnderosh Boccaccio n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre.<\/p>\n

09. Francesco Petrarca (Petrark)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Poezi Lirike t\u00eb Petrarkut<\/em><\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebri prej poet\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Rilindjes, Petrark u detyrua t\u00eb studionte ligjin nga babai i tij, por e braktisi at\u00eb pun\u00eb sapo i vdiq i ati, duke zgjedhur studimet latine dhe shkrimet.<\/p>\n

Ai e popullarizoi form\u00ebn poetike t\u00eb sonetit<\/a> dhe ishte nj\u00eb prej shkrimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb evitoi stilin formal dhe t\u00eb strukturuar t\u00eb poezis\u00eb tradicionale n\u00eb favor t\u00eb nj\u00eb qasjeje m\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme dhe m\u00eb realiste ndaj gjuh\u00ebs. Petrark u b\u00eb shum\u00eb popullor n\u00eb Angli dhe k\u00ebshtu ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn ton\u00eb moderne; Chaucer<\/em> p\u00ebrfshiu shum\u00eb nga konceptet dhe teknikat e Petrarkut n\u00eb shkrimet e tij, dhe Petrarku mbeti nj\u00eb nga poet\u00ebt m\u00eb me ndikim n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn angleze, deri n\u00eb shekullin e 19-t\u00eb, duke siguruar q\u00eb koncepti yn\u00eb modern i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe mund t’i atribuohet k\u00ebtij shkrimtari t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 14-t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

10. John Milton<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Parajsa e humbur, nga John Milton<\/em><\/p>\n

Fakti q\u00eb edhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb e shohin poezin\u00eb si di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur sa m\u00eb shpejt, q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur, jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me titullin e vepr\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb famshme t\u00eb Miltonit, “Paradise Lost<\/a>” (Parajsa e humbur<\/em>), q\u00eb ju tregon gjith\u00e7ka, q\u00eb ju duhet t\u00eb dini p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb gjeni t\u00eb von\u00eb t\u00eb Rilindjes.<\/p>\n

Milton<\/a>, i cili b\u00ebri disa vendime t\u00eb dob\u00ebta politike n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tij dhe q\u00eb shkroi shum\u00eb nga veprat e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura pasi u b\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i verb\u00ebr, i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga “Paradise Lost<\/em>” n\u00eb vargun bosh, nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdorimet m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme dhe m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb teknik\u00ebs. Ai gjithashtu tregoi nj\u00eb histori tradicionale fetare (r\u00ebnia e njeriut<\/em>) n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme personale, duke hedhur historin\u00eb e Adamit dhe Ev\u00ebs, si nj\u00eb histori reale dhe duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personazheve – madje edhe Per\u00ebndis\u00eb dhe Satanit – personalitete t\u00eb qarta dhe unike. K\u00ebto risi mund t\u00eb duken t\u00eb dukshme sot, por kjo n\u00eb vetvete \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb testament p\u00ebr ndikimin e Miltonit.<\/p>\n

11. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (Moliere)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a> Mizantropi, nga Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (Moli\u00e8re)<\/em><\/p>\n

Moliere ishte nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb komedis\u00eb s\u00eb Rilindjes. Natyrisht, shkrimi humor kishte ekzistuar, por Moliere e reinventonte at\u00eb si nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb satir\u00ebs sociale q\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb pabesuesh\u00ebm<\/a> n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn dhe let\u00ebrsin\u00eb franceze n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Pjes\u00ebt e tij satirike shpesh i lexojm\u00eb si t\u00eb sheshta ose t\u00eb holl\u00eb n\u00eb faqe, por vijn\u00eb t\u00eb gjall\u00eb, kur kryhen nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuar, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb interpretojn\u00eb linjat e tij si\u00e7 ishin menduar. Gatishm\u00ebria e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb satirizuar ikonat politike, fetare dhe kulturore dhe qendrat e pushtetit ishte e guximshme dhe e rrezikshme – vet\u00ebm fakti q\u00eb mbreti Louis XIV e favorizoi at\u00eb, shpjegon mbijetes\u00ebn e tij – p\u00ebrcaktoi shenj\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkrimin e komedis\u00eb, q\u00eb mbetet shum\u00eb standard n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra edhe sot.<\/p>\n

Gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Let\u00ebrsia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb seri ishujsh t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb arritjeve; \u00e7do lib\u00ebr, dram\u00eb apo poem\u00eb e re \u00ebsht\u00eb kulmi i gjith\u00e7kaje, q\u00eb ka kaluar m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ndikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga puna n\u00eb pun\u00eb, i holluar, ndryshuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb alkimike, dhe t\u00eb ri-vendosura. K\u00ebto nj\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb Rilindjes, mund t\u00eb duken t\u00eb vjet\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb huaj p\u00ebr lexuesit e sot\u00ebm – por ndikimi i tyre mund t\u00eb ndihet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb lexoni sot.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Portret i Francesco Petrarca (1304-1379) Nga De Viris Illustribus. Artist: Altichiero, (Altichiero da Zevio) (1330-1390). Getty Images nga Jeffrey Somers – ThoughtCo.com Aktualizuar m\u00eb 04 janar 2018 P\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb shqip dhe p\u00ebrgatiti Arben \u00c7okaj P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr keqkuptimit popullor, Mesjeta nuk ishte nj\u00eb “epok\u00eb e err\u00ebt” n\u00eb historin\u00eb ton\u00eb kolektive. Ky term nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nShkrimtar\u00ebt e Rilindjes, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Formuan Bot\u00ebn Moderne - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shkrimtaret-e-rilindjes-te-cilet-formuan-boten-moderne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shkrimtar\u00ebt e Rilindjes, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Formuan Bot\u00ebn Moderne - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Portret i Francesco Petrarca (1304-1379) Nga De Viris Illustribus. 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