{"id":4106,"date":"2016-07-07T15:37:43","date_gmt":"2016-07-07T14:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=4106"},"modified":"2021-07-08T23:40:29","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T21:40:29","slug":"cameria-sundimtaret-shqiptare-ne-epir-dhe-despoti-serb-i-janines-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/cameria-sundimtaret-shqiptare-ne-epir-dhe-despoti-serb-i-janines-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7AM\u00cbRIA: Sundimtar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Epir dhe despoti serb i Janin\u00ebs (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dita<\/a>, Prof. P\u00ebllumb Xhufi<\/strong>, 7 korrik 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

(Vijon nga numri i kaluar<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Mesjeta: nga thema e Nikopoj\u00ebs n\u00eb despotatin e Art\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrhapja e besimit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb ishte, edhe n\u00eb Epir, treguesi m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs i kalimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb re historike, n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Mesjet\u00ebs. Zbulimet arkeologjike n\u00eb Nikopolis, Euroia, Anchesmos, Butrint, q\u00eb kan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb rr\u00ebnoja t\u00eb kishave paleokristiane, baptister\u00eb, afreske e mozaike me motive kristiane, jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e prekshme e p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb hershme t\u00eb krishterimit n\u00eb viset e Thesprotis\u00eb. Duke ndjekur shembullin e provincave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake, edhe n\u00eb Epir qendra politike e administrative e tij, Nikopolis, u kthye nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh edhe n\u00eb vatr\u00ebn kryesore nga ku krishterimi u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ato treva. Burimet e shkruara provojn\u00eb, gjithashtu, ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb organizimi t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs kishtare qysh n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs vulgare. K\u00ebshtu, sipas Eusebios t\u00eb Kaisareia-s, n\u00eb Koncilin e par\u00eb ekumenik t\u00eb Nikaia-s, m\u00eb 325, mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb edhe drejtuesit e kish\u00ebs epirote. Prania e tyre d\u00ebshmohet edhe n\u00eb koncilet pasuese.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb sinodin e Efesit t\u00eb vitit 449, metropoliti i Nikopolit u shoq\u00ebrua edhe nga peshkop\u00ebt e Euroias (Glyki), t\u00eb Anchiasmos (Saranda) e t\u00eb Adrianopolit (Gjirokastra). N\u00eb fund t\u00eb shek. IV sh\u00ebnohet veprimtaria e peshkopit t\u00eb Euroias, Donatit, i cili m\u00eb von\u00eb u shpall sh\u00ebnjtor. Prej tij, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn bizantine selia peshkopale e Photike-s, Paramithia e sotme, mori emrin Ajdonat (Sh\u00ebn Donat). Mitropoliti i Nikopolit, s\u00eb bashku me peshkop\u00ebt epirot\u00eb, sufragan\u00eb t\u00eb tij, vareshin nga Vikari i Selanikut. Ky, zyrtarisht ishte n\u00ebn juridiksionin e Pap\u00ebs s\u00eb Rom\u00ebs. Por, n\u00eb kushtet e rivalitetit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm midis Rom\u00ebs e Konstantinopoj\u00ebs, ky shpesh her\u00eb q\u00ebllonte t\u00eb b\u00ebhej veg\u00ebl e Patrikut dhe e Perandorit t\u00eb Lindjes.<\/p>\n

Nga ana e tyre, peshkop\u00ebt e Epirit ishin vazhdimisht n\u00eb konflikt me Vikarin e Selanikut, deri sa m\u00eb 516, ata shpall\u00ebn shk\u00ebputjen nga Selaniku dhe vendosjen e lidhjeve direkte me Pap\u00ebn. Tashm\u00eb, metropoliti i Nikopolit shugurohej drejp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga papa i Rom\u00ebs. Shembulli i klerit t\u00eb Epirit u ndoq edhe nga peshkop\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb trevave ilire, si p.sh. nga peshkop\u00ebt e Dardanis\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 731, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e \u201cluft\u00ebrave ikonoklaste\u201d, Perandori Bizantin, Leoni III, i shk\u00ebputi nga Roma dhe i vuri n\u00ebn var\u00ebsi t\u00eb Patrikut t\u00eb Konstantinopoj\u00ebs t\u00eb gjitha selit\u00eb peshkopale t\u00eb Ilirikut, mes t\u00eb cilave edhe ato t\u00eb Epirit. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr num\u00ebroheshin k\u00ebto peshkopata: Nikopolis (metropoli), Adrianopolis, Euroia, Anchiasmos, Butrinti, Dodona.<\/p>\n

Reforma administrative e perandorit romak Dioklecian (284-305) solli mes t\u00eb tjerash krijimin e dy provincave, Epiri i Vjet\u00ebr, me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Nikopolis, dhe Epiri i Ri me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs. Kjo tregon se edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, trevat e Epirit klasik, q\u00eb shtriheshin nga Malet e Vet\u00ebtim\u00ebs (Akrokeraune) deri n\u00eb Gjirin e Ambrakis\u00eb, bashk\u00eb me viset n\u00eb veri t\u00eb tyre, ishin pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs plazm\u00eb etno-kulturore. Sipas Hierokles, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shek. V, Epiri i Vjet\u00ebr, me kryeqend\u00ebr Nikopolis, kishte 11 qytete: Dodona, Euroia, Adrianopolis, Appon, Phoinike, Anchiasmos, Buthrotos, Photike, Kerkyra e Itaka. Prej k\u00ebtyre, Dodona, Euroia, Photike (=Ajdonati=Paramithia) dhe vet\u00eb Nikopolis ndodheshin n\u00eb territorin e Thesprotis\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb edhe viset e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr u prek\u00ebn nga sulmet barbare. Nga 395 deri n\u00eb 397 aty u duk\u00ebn Visigot\u00ebt. N\u00eb 467 n\u00eb brigjet e Epirit kryen inkursione t\u00eb shpejta shkat\u00ebrrimtare Vandal\u00ebt e ardhur nga brigjet e Afrik\u00ebs veriore. K\u00ebta u rishfaq\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb 474, kur pushtuan e pla\u00e7kit\u00ebn p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht vet\u00eb Nikopolin. M\u00eb 517 nj\u00eb hordhi kalor\u00ebsish Get\u00eb (Getae equites) p\u00ebrshkoi Maqedonin\u00eb e Thessalin\u00eb e u shty deri n\u00eb Epirin e Vjet\u00ebr, i cili u pla\u00e7kit prej tyre. M\u00eb 551, nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e madhe Ostrogot\u00ebsh t\u00eb ardhur me flot\u00eb nga Italia shkretoi edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb brigjet e Epirit midis Anchiasmos (Sarand\u00ebs) dhe Nikopolit (Prevez\u00ebs).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 548 sh\u00ebnohet inkursioni i par\u00eb i Sllav\u00ebve n\u00eb Epirin e Ri. Por njoftimi i par\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zbritje t\u00eb Sllav\u00ebve n\u00eb Epirin e Vjet\u00ebr vjen nga Kronika e Monemvasis\u00eb, dhe i p\u00ebrket vitit 587. Sipas saj, turma t\u00eb m\u00ebdha Avar\u00ebsh t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier me Sllav\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkruan Epirin e Vjet\u00ebr dhe viset m\u00eb n\u00eb jug t\u00eb tij. Nga letrat e Pap\u00ebs Gregori i Madh, t\u00eb vitit 603 e 604, m\u00ebsohet se ndonj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb peshkopi, kleri dhe banor\u00eb t\u00eb qytetit Euroia u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn n\u00eb qytetin Kassiopea, n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Korfuzit, duke sjell\u00eb aty edhe reliket e Sh\u00ebn Donatit, patronit t\u00eb Euroias. Rreth vitit 615 njeri nd\u00ebr grupimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha sllave, ai i Vaiunit\u00ebve, u shp\u00ebrngul nga rrethinat e Selanikut dhe u vendos n\u00eb Epirin e Vjet\u00ebr. Sipas ndonj\u00eb studiuesi, emri mesjetar i Thesprotis\u00eb antike (\u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb moderne), Vagenetia, vjen pik\u00ebrisht nga emri i sllav\u00ebve Vajonit\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb konstatuar gjithashtu, se toponimet sllave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruara kryesisht n\u00eb mal\u00ebsit\u00eb lindore, nd\u00ebrsa fasha bregdetare, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkonte me territoret e Vagenetis\u00eb, paraqet nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl sosh.<\/p>\n

Periudha e dyndjeve barbare la gjurm\u00eb edhe n\u00eb territoret e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr. Qytete e seli peshkopale, si Anchesmos, Phoinike (Finiq), Photike u rr\u00ebnuan p\u00ebrfundimisht. Megjithat\u00eb, struktura demografike e urbane u ruajt n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto treva. K\u00ebt\u00eb e provon edhe fakti, q\u00eb peshkop\u00ebt epirot\u00eb i gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb koncilet ekumenike t\u00eb viteve 680, 692, 787 e 869. N\u00eb koncilin e vitit 879, p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb si pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs peshkopi i Vagenetis\u00eb. Ky fakt le t\u00eb dyshosh se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 krahin\u00ebs, emrin Vagenetia e mbante at\u00eb koh\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb qytet, ku duhet ta kishte selin\u00eb peshkopi n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Aty nga mesi i shek. IX, autoriteti i Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine ishte rivendosur n\u00eb viset e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb re administrative, thema Nikopolis. Ky fakt, si dhe fakti tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb koncilet e viteve 869 e 879 mori pjes\u00eb edhe peshkopi i Vagenetis\u00eb, provon se at\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb krahin\u00eb vazhdonte t\u00eb ushtrohej pushteti bizantin. Gjat\u00eb shek. IX-X perandor\u00ebt bizantin\u00eb u munduan ta mbrojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb provinc\u00eb nga sulmet e arab\u00ebve t\u00eb Sicilis\u00eb e m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe nga ato t\u00eb mbret\u00ebris\u00eb bullgare. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e car Samuelit (987-1014), bullgar\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb n\u00eb mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre edhe territoret e them\u00ebs Nikopolis, deri n\u00eb Gjirin e Ambrakis\u00eb. M\u00eb 1014, pas disfat\u00ebs vendimtare q\u00eb car Samueli p\u00ebsoi nga perandori bizantin, Bazilios II Bulgaroktonos, mbi k\u00ebto territore u rivendos autoriteti bizantin. Por, tashm\u00eb, qendra politike dhe ajo kishtare e them\u00ebs u shp\u00ebrngul m\u00eb n\u00eb jug, n\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn Naupaktos (Lepanto), buz\u00eb Gjirit t\u00eb Korintit.<\/p>\n

Xhufi2N\u00eb vitet 1081-1085, krahina e Vagenetis\u00eb ashtu si mbar\u00eb territoret e themave Epir i Ri dhe Epir i Vjet\u00ebr, u b\u00eb teat\u00ebr i betejave midis ushtrive bizantine t\u00eb Perandorit Aleks I Komnen, dhe ushtrive t\u00eb mbretit norman Robert Guiskard, q\u00eb synonte t\u00eb shembte Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine e t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb perandori t\u00eb re universale, n\u00ebn shembullin e Perandoris\u00eb Romake. Norman\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb krah ishullin e Korfuzit, portin e Vonic\u00ebs, Butrintin, Art\u00ebn dhe gjith\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Vagenetis\u00eb, nga ku iu drejtuan Janin\u00ebs. Por vdekja e Robert Guiskardit m\u00eb 1085, dhe intensifikimi i operacioneve luftarake bizantine, n\u00eb tok\u00eb e n\u00eb det, ku nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh filloi t\u00eb luaj\u00eb flota e Venedikut, aleate e Bizantit, b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb norman\u00ebt t\u00eb humbin terren e t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqen nga bregdeti adriatiko-jonian. M\u00eb 1107 n\u00ebn Boemundin, dhe m\u00eb 1147 n\u00ebn mbretin Roger II, norman\u00ebt e Italis\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut tentuan p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb hidhen n\u00eb bregdetin bizantin e t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb k\u00ebshtjellat e atyshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar m\u00eb tej marshimin drejt zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine, Konstantinopoj\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb invazion t\u00eb fundit norman e tentoi n\u00eb 1185 edhe mbreti Guljelmi II i Sicilis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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K\u00ebsaj radhe, fushat\u00ebn e norman\u00ebve e nxiti nj\u00eb kryengritje fshatare q\u00eb kishte shp\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb Vageneti. Sipas Eustathit t\u00eb Selanikut, kryengritjen e drejtonte nj\u00eb fshatar nga ajo krahin\u00eb, i cili, nisur nga ngjashm\u00ebria fizike, pretendonte se ishte perandori i shfron\u00ebsuar Aleksi II Komnen. I mb\u00ebshtetur nga nj\u00eb murg i ardhur nga Italia, pretendenti i fronit bizantin ngriti n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb popullsin\u00eb e provinc\u00ebs vagenete dhe k\u00ebrkoi ndihm\u00ebn e mbretit norman, Guljelm II i Sicilis\u00eb. Ky organizoi m\u00eb 1185 nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr fushat\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte e fundit e mbret\u00ebrve norman\u00eb t\u00eb Sicilis\u00eb. Rezultati p\u00ebrfundimtar i saj ishte pushtimi i ishujve t\u00eb Korfuzit (q\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt kaloi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb duart e bizantin\u00ebve), Qefalonis\u00eb, Za\u00e7intit e Itak\u00ebs si dhe i disa k\u00ebshtjellave n\u00eb bregdetin epirot. Drejtimin e k\u00ebtyre zot\u00ebrimeve n\u00eb ishujt e n\u00eb bregdetin Jon, Guljelmi II ia besoi admiralit Margaritone, i cili u vet\u00ebquajt \u201cmbret i Epirot\u00ebve\u201d (rex Epirotarum).<\/p>\n

Fushata e Mbretit Guljelm II n\u00eb bregun lindor t\u00eb Adriatikut ishte prelud i kolapsit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine, q\u00eb erdhi me organizimin e Kryq\u00ebzat\u00ebs IV (1204). Pas pushtimit t\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00ebs nga kryqtar\u00ebt per\u00ebndimor\u00eb, territoret e Perandoris\u00eb u ndan\u00eb mes fitimtar\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt krijuan aty nj\u00eb mori principatash latine. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn, n\u00eb trevat e Epirit vendosi sundimin nj\u00eb pinjoll i familjes bizantine t\u00eb \u00cbngj\u00ebllor\u00ebve, Mihali I (1204-1215). \u00cbngj\u00ebllor\u00ebt kishin trash\u00ebguar prona t\u00eb m\u00ebdha sidomos n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e Vagenetis\u00eb. Brenda nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, Mihal \u00cbngj\u00eblli i shtriu zot\u00ebrimet e tij nga Naupakti (Lepanto), n\u00eb jug, deri n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, n\u00eb veri. K\u00ebtu u krijua i ashtuquajturi \u201cDespotat i Art\u00ebs\u201d, i vetmi formacion bizantin mes principatave latine q\u00eb lind\u00ebn n\u00eb Ballkan pas pushtimit t\u00eb Konstantinopoj\u00ebs nga kryqtar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Brenda vitit 1215, despoti Mihal I \u00cbngj\u00eblli pushtoi edhe qytetin e Durr\u00ebsit dhe, p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht edhe at\u00eb t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs, duke hyr\u00eb n\u00eb konflikt nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh me Venedikun, me Principat\u00ebn e Arb\u00ebrit dhe me Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Serbis\u00eb. Mb\u00ebshtetja kryesore e Mihalit I \u00cbngj\u00ebllit u b\u00ebn\u00eb feudal\u00ebt, kleri dhe krer\u00ebt lokal\u00eb. Metropoliti i Naupaktit, Joan Apokaukos, ishte nd\u00ebr bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb letrat e nj\u00eb prelati tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb lart\u00eb, Georg Bardhanes, metropoliti cil\u00ebsohet si \u201cburr\u00eb ilir\u201d. Pas Mihalit I \u00cbngj\u00eblli, Despotati i Art\u00ebs arriti kulmin e fuqis\u00eb me Teodorin I (1215-1230). Por shk\u00eblqimi i Despotatit nuk zgjati shum\u00eb. Rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbja e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine, fuqizimi i mbret\u00ebrive bullgare e serbe dhe pushtimi i bregdetit lindor t\u00eb Adriatikut nga Mbret\u00ebria e Sicilis\u00eb (1258), b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb Despotati i Art\u00ebs t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor t\u00eb dob\u00ebt lokal. P\u00ebr gati nj\u00eb shekull, despot\u00ebt e Art\u00ebs u luhat\u00ebn mes aleancave dhe vasalitetit her\u00eb me Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Sicilis\u00eb dhe her\u00eb me Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine, deri sa m\u00eb 1348 edhe Epiri ra n\u00ebn sundimin e carit serb Stefan Dushani.<\/p>\n

Sundimtar\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Epir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Dushanit, m\u00eb 1355, froni i Despotit t\u00eb Art\u00ebs u b\u00eb objekt konfliktesh midis pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb carit serb, trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb \u00cbngj\u00ebllor\u00ebve bizantin\u00eb dhe feudal\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb. Roli i k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike t\u00eb Despotatit t\u00eb Art\u00ebs ishte rritur qysh n\u00eb vitet 1330, kur vet\u00eb Perandori bizantin, Joan Kantakuzeni, erdhi me ushtri n\u00eb Epir p\u00ebr t\u2019i shtruar ata. Tashm\u00eb, krer\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb nga familjet Shpata, Zenebishi, Losha, Klada, Mazaraku e Malakasi ishin kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor kryesor politik e ushtarak. N\u00eb vitin 1358 k\u00ebta shpartalluan ushtrin\u00eb e pretendentit t\u00eb fundit bizantin, Niqiforit II, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Akelout (Art\u00ebs). Niqifori, q\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kishte thirrur p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb edhe turqit, mbeti i vrar\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00eb. Pask\u00ebtaj, Gjin Bua Shpata u b\u00eb zot i viseve t\u00eb Etolo-Akarnanis\u00eb, me qend\u00ebr Angelokastr\u00ebn, kurse Pjet\u00ebr Losha zuri territoret e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr, me qend\u00ebr Art\u00ebn. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Pjet\u00ebr Losh\u00ebs, n\u00eb Art\u00eb u vendos Gjin Bua Shpata (1374).<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb pushteti i tij shtrihej nga Naupakti, n\u00eb jug, e deri n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e lumit Akeront, n\u00eb veri. Dokumentet bizantine dhe ato latine i atribuojn\u00eb atij titullin \u201cDespot\u201d (Despotou tou Spata, dispota di Arta). Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, zot\u00ebrimet e tij quhen \u201cDespotati i Shqiptar\u00ebve\u201d (lu despotatu de li Albanesi). Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, zot\u00ebrimet e Shpatajve t\u00eb Etolo-Akarnanis\u00eb me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Angelokst\u00ebr, iu lan\u00eb n\u00eb qeverisje v\u00ebllait t\u00eb Gjinit, Sguro Buas, t\u00eb cilin nj\u00eb dokument i vitit 1382 e quan \u201czot t\u00eb Angelokastr\u00ebs e t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d (Sguros Buda Spada dominus Angelicastro et Albanie). Sguro Bua kontrollonte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb territorin deri n\u00eb Naupakt, ku kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb dh\u00ebndrin e tij, spanjollin Marquesan de Flor. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dh\u00ebnd\u00ebr i tij, veneciani Francesco Foscari mori si paj\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Dragamestit (1386).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ver\u00ebn e vitit 1378, Mjeshtri i Madh i Urdh\u00ebrit t\u00eb Hospitalier\u00ebve t\u00eb Rodit, Huan Fernandez de Heredia zbarkoi me ushtri n\u00eb Vonic\u00eb, n\u00eb bregun jugor t\u00eb Gjirit t\u00eb Art\u00ebs dhe prej andej iu drejtua k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs strategjike t\u00eb Naupaktit. Heredia ishte d\u00ebrguar nga Papa Grigori XI dhe Mbret\u00ebresha Xhiovana e Napolit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt tentuan at\u00eb koh\u00eb, t\u00eb fuqizonin pozitat e Anzhuin\u00ebve t\u00eb Napolit dhe t\u00eb kish\u00ebs katolike n\u00eb Ballkanin per\u00ebndimor. Pasi mori Naupaktin, Heredia marshoi drejt Art\u00ebs, kryeqendr\u00ebs s\u00eb despotatit shqiptar t\u00eb Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs. Sipas \u201cKronik\u00ebs s\u00eb Janin\u00ebs\u201d, n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e zhvilluar n\u00ebn muret e Art\u00ebs, shqiptar\u00ebt shpartalluan ushtrin\u00eb e Joanit\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb komandanti zulm\u00ebmadh, Heredia u zu rob nga sundimtari shqiptar, i cili ua shiti at\u00eb Turqve kundrejt nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimi t\u00eb majm\u00eb. Fitorja mbi Heredin\u00eb e lan\u00e7onte Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebn n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e madhe evropiane. Pask\u00ebtaj, Republika e Venedikut, Komuna e Firences dhe vet\u00eb Perandoria Bizantine do tregojn\u00eb interes e do lidhin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie me prijsin shqiptar. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Gjin Bua Shpata guxoi t\u00eb sulmoj\u00eb zot\u00ebrimet e af\u00ebrta n\u00ebn sovranitetin e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Napolit, qytetin e Vodic\u00ebs dhe ishujt e af\u00ebrt t\u00eb Qefalonis\u00eb, Zakynthit, Itak\u00ebs e Leukad\u00ebs, q\u00eb qeveriseshin nga familja italiane Tocco. Vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, konflikti i Shpatajve me Tocco-t e Qefalonis\u00eb p\u00ebr zot\u00ebrimin e Epirit e t\u00eb Etolo-Akarnanis\u00eb u b\u00eb pjes\u00eb kryesore e historis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre trevave.<\/p>\n

Sipas Kronik\u00ebs s\u00eb Janin\u00ebs (shek. XV), n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Art\u00ebs mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb edhe krer\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb. Edhe pse k\u00ebta nuk p\u00ebrmenden me em\u00ebr, mes tyre duhet llogaritur edhe sebastokratori Gjon Zenebishi, q\u00eb ishte edhe dh\u00ebnd\u00ebr i Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs. At\u00eb koh\u00eb Zenebishi e kishte shtrir\u00eb sundimin e tij nga Gjirokastra n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Vagenetis\u00eb. Familja Zenebishi, ashtu si familja Shpata, shfaqet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb dokument anzhuin t\u00eb vitit 1304, bashk\u00eb me disa familje t\u00eb tjera fisnike shqiptare, aleate t\u00eb Anzhuin\u00ebve t\u00eb Napolit. Gjon Zenebishi kishte krijuar lidhje t\u00eb ngushta me faktor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb vepronin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb areal.<\/p>\n

Ai vet\u00eb ishte martuar me t\u00eb bij\u00ebn e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, kurse nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb e tij, Maria, ishte martuar me fisnikun e njohur nga Korfuzi, Peroto de Altavilla, pinjoll i dinastis\u00eb s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr normane Altavilla nga Italia e Jugut. Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Parg\u00eb, n\u00eb 13 shkurt 1418, autoritetet veneciane t\u00eb Korfuzit, em\u00ebruan si k\u00ebshtjellar t\u00eb atij vendi Rikardo d\u2019Altavillan, djal\u00eb i Maria Zenebishit dhe i Peroto d\u2019Altavilla-s. Deri n\u00eb Parg\u00eb e kishte shtrir\u00eb pushtetin e tij, qysh n\u00eb vitin 1394, Sebastokratori Gjon Zenebishi, q\u00eb ishte gjyshi nga e \u00ebma i k\u00ebshtjellarit t\u00eb Parg\u00ebs, Rikardo d\u2019Altavilla.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, sundimi i Stefan Dushanit kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Janin\u00eb, ku vazhdonte t\u00eb sundonte despoti serb, Thoma Preljubovi\u00e7. Her\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuar e her\u00eb ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7, krer\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb, Gjin Bua Shpata, Gjon Zenebishi, Pjet\u00ebr Losha, Gjin Frati tentuan t\u00eb marrin Janin\u00ebn me luft\u00eb. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje e till\u00eb u krye m\u00eb 1377, por n\u00eb at\u00eb rast sulmuesit, q\u00eb ishin nga fisi i malakas\u00ebve, u thyen dhe kreu i tyre, Gjin Frati u zu rob. Malakasasit e sulmuan me forca m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 1379. K\u00ebsaj radhe, sulmuesit ishin kordinuar mir\u00eb edhe me banor\u00eb t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, mes t\u00eb cil\u00ebve shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ngrit\u00ebn krye kund\u00ebr despotit serb dhe arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Por, edhe kjo p\u00ebrpjekje d\u00ebshtoi dhe Thoma Preljubivi\u00e7i u hakmorr n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mizore mbi kund\u00ebrshtarin. Kronika e Janin\u00ebs thot\u00eb, se p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mizorive t\u00eb kryera mbi shqiptar\u00ebt, despotit serb t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs iu vu nga bashk\u00ebkohasit nofka \u201cThoma shqiptarovras\u00ebsi\u201d (albanitoktonos). N\u00eb muajin maj t\u00eb atij viti ishte radha e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar Janin\u00ebn, por edhe ky nuk mundi ve\u00e7 t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb arat dhe vreshtat jasht\u00eb mureve t\u00eb qytetit. Edhe k\u00ebsaj here Thoma Preljubovi\u00e7i e shprazi zem\u00ebrimin e tij mbi banor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. Pasi urdh\u00ebroi q\u00eb nj\u00eb numuri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb tyre t\u2019u priteshin gjymtyr\u00ebt e t\u2019u nxirreshin syt\u00eb, Thomai i nisi ata si nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb e kobshme n\u00eb kampin e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, i cili u detyrua t\u00eb hiqte rrethimin. Nga ai moment, kund\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebve despoti serb k\u00ebrkoi mb\u00ebshtetjen e turqve osman\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1380 k\u00ebta u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Epir dhe u ndesh\u00ebn me forcat e Zenebishit e t\u00eb Mazarak\u00ebve n\u00eb Poli\u00e7an t\u00eb Pogonit. Nd\u00ebrsa shqiptar\u00ebt luftonin me turqit, Thoma Preljubovi\u00e7i p\u00ebrfitoi t\u00eb zgjeroj\u00eb zot\u00ebrimet e tij tej mureve t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. N\u00ebn sundimin e tij kaluan k\u00ebshtjellat e Vursin\u00ebs, Vel\u00e7isht\u00ebs, Arahovic\u00ebs dhe vet\u00eb qyteti i Paramithis\u00eb (Ajdonati). Dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb 1382, turqit erdh\u00ebn p\u00ebrs\u00ebri dhe u shtyn\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb zot\u00ebrimet e Gjon Zenebishit, ku pushtuan k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e Zhulatit. Nuk ishin dit\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr krer\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb, dhe me nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb prej dh\u00ebndurrve t\u00eb tij, Markezanit, Gjin Bua Shpata lidhi paqe me Thoma Preljubovi\u00e7in. Paqja u vulos me martes\u00ebn e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs me motr\u00ebn e despotit serb. Thomai premtoi si paj\u00eb t\u00eb motr\u00ebs Helen\u00eb vendet e Velas, Dropullit, Vagenetin\u00eb (\u00c7am\u00ebrin\u00eb) dhe vendet e Malakas\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Por m\u00eb 1383 shp\u00ebrthyen p\u00ebrs\u00ebri armiq\u00ebsit\u00eb mes Preljubovi\u00e7it dhe Shpat\u00ebs, i cili pretendonte t\u2019i jepeshin vendet e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme, q\u00eb Thomai refuzonte t\u2019ia dor\u00ebzonte. M\u00eb 1385, komandanti turk, Timurtashi, sulmoi Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebn n\u00eb kryeqendr\u00ebn e tij, n\u00eb Art\u00eb. Sulmuesit nuk mund\u00ebn ta pushtojn\u00eb qytetin, por shkat\u00ebrruan gjith\u00eb territorin rreth tij dhe gjat\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes mor\u00ebn shum\u00eb rob\u00ebr. K\u00ebsaj radhe, prijsi shqiptar u p\u00ebrpoq ta t\u00ebrheq\u00eb despotin Thoma n\u00eb nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb kund\u00ebr turqve, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ky e refuzoi. Por, nat\u00ebn e 23 dhjetorit 1385 tirani serb ra viktim\u00eb e nj\u00eb komploti pallati, ku ishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb rojet e tij personale. Tani u duk se qyteti do t\u00eb binte shpejt n\u00eb duart e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, por e veja e Thomait dhe paria bizantino-serbe e Janin\u00ebs thirr\u00ebn nga Qefalonia fisnikun italian, Esau Buondelmonti Acciaiuoli. Ky mish\u00ebronte pretendimet napoletane mbi Despotatin e dikursh\u00ebm t\u00eb Art\u00ebs. Martesa e Esaut me t\u00eb ven\u00eb e Thoma Preljubovi\u00e7it legjitimoi p\u00ebrfundimisht pushtetin e tij despotal.<\/p>\n

(Vijon<\/a><\/em>)<\/p>\n

Nes\u00ebr do t\u00eb lexoni:
\n– Vijim\u00ebsia e pushtetit t\u00eb sundimtar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Epir
\n– \u00c7am\u00ebria n\u00ebn sundimin osman dhe islamizimi
\n– Nj\u00eb renegat shqiptar nga Himara n\u00eb oborrin e Sulltanit<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dita, Prof. P\u00ebllumb Xhufi, 7 korrik 2016 (Vijon nga numri i kaluar) Mesjeta: nga thema e Nikopoj\u00ebs n\u00eb despotatin e Art\u00ebs P\u00ebrhapja e besimit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb ishte, edhe n\u00eb Epir, treguesi m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs i kalimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb re historike, n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Mesjet\u00ebs. 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