{"id":41511,"date":"2019-05-24T08:48:12","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T06:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=41511"},"modified":"2019-05-24T08:58:26","modified_gmt":"2019-05-24T06:58:26","slug":"kostandini-madh-kolosi-i-gjakut-e-origjines-dardane-ne-kontekstin-dardan-dhe-dardani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kostandini-madh-kolosi-i-gjakut-e-origjines-dardane-ne-kontekstin-dardan-dhe-dardani\/","title":{"rendered":"Kostandini Madh, kolosi i gjakut e origjin\u00ebs dardane, n\u00eb kontekstin Dardan dhe Dardani"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Revista Drini<\/a> – 23 Maj 2019<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 22 maj t\u00eb vitit 337 sh\u00ebnohet dita e vdekj\u00ebs s\u00eb Kostandinit t\u00eb Madh (306-307; 307-337), nj\u00eb kolos nga Ballkani Q\u00ebndror i gjakut dhe i origjin\u00ebs dardane<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Prof. Jahja Dran\u00e7olli<\/strong>, historian nga Prishtina<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb gjasht\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs ton\u00eb, edhe pse administrata romake kishte sjellur procese t\u00eb reja ekonomike, shoq\u00ebrore, politike, fetare e kulturore, qyteti i lindjes s\u00eb Kostandinit, Naissus, si dhe provinca e Dardanis\u00eb ku \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendur qyteti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, sipas burimeve t\u00eb koh\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshiheshin n\u00eb kuadrin e konceptit etnogjeografik \u201cDardani\u201d, respektivisht \u201cIliri\u201d. Themeluesi i dinastis\u00eb, babai i Kostandinit, Flavius Valerius Constantius Chlorus, ishte nga Iliriku, \u201cIllyricum patria fuit\u201d, sikurse shkruante Aurelii Victoris n\u00eb Liber Caesaribus, respektivisht n\u00eb Jet\u00ebshkrimin e Perandor\u00ebve. P\u00ebr vendlindjen e Kostadinit, qytetin Naissus shkruante Anonymi Valesiani, n\u00eb Origo Constantini Imperatoris. Gjithashtu, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb qytetet si vendlindje t\u00eb Kostandinit shkruante edhe Prisci n\u00eb Fragmenta, Historia Gothica ku theksohet se Naissus ishte qytet n\u00eb Iliri.<\/p>\n

Origjin\u00eb dardane kishte edhe perandori ngadhnjimtar mbi got\u00ebt, Klaudi II (268-270), i cili p\u00ebr nga linia fem\u00ebrore ruante lidhje perandorake. K\u00ebt\u00eb njoftim e ndeshim n\u00eb shkrimin Vita Aureliani n\u00eb Historia Augusta, ku thuhet se Klaudi II ishte nip i Eutropit me origjin\u00eb nga nj\u00eb familje e respektuar dardane (Eutropius, nobilissimus gentis Dardanae vir). Eutropi, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur ka qen\u00eb babai i Constantius Chlorus-it. Njoftime t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta ndeshim edhe te panegjerik\u00ebt e Kostandinit. Mir\u00ebpo, ndonj\u00eb historian i sot\u00ebm lidhjet gjeneaologjike t\u00eb Kostandinit me Klaudin II i pranon ca me rezerva.<\/p>\n

Duh\u00ebt p\u00ebrkujtuar edhe fakti se n\u00eb Dardani, respektivisht n\u00eb Naissus sipas Olympiodori Fragmenta, kishte lindur edhe Flavius Constantius, respektivisht perandori romak Konstanci III, i cili vdiq n\u00eb vitin 421. Ky ishte baba i perandorit tjet\u00ebr romak, Valentianus III Flavius Placidius (425-455). Nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb rajonin n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Naissus-it dhe Scupi-t rreth vitit 482 lindi nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr perandor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj\u00eb bizantin, Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus, respektivisht Justiniani I (527-565). Ky perandor me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb gjakut dardan p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se kishte themeluar qendr\u00ebn e madhe Iusiniana Prima, sipas vepr\u00ebs De Aedificis, t\u00eb Procopii Caesariensis, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb lindj\u00ebs, Dardani, kishte rind\u00ebrtuar 61 k\u00ebshtjella, dhe i kishte nd\u00ebrtuar 8 k\u00ebshtjella t\u00eb reja. Ekzistimi i k\u00ebtyre k\u00ebshtjellave d\u00ebshmohet pjes\u00ebrisht edhe nga autori bizantin, Marcellinus Comes n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij Chronicon, i cili duke b\u00ebr\u00eb fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr termetin e madh t\u00eb vitit 518, q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb provinc\u00ebn e Dardanis\u00eb ishin shkat\u00ebrruar 24 k\u00ebshtjella.<\/p>\n

E quaj m\u00eb vend t\u00eb theksoj se, pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb dhe dardan\u00ebt i ndeshim edhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn veriper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Azis\u00eb dhe n\u00eb disa zona n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Gadishullit Apenin. P\u00ebr Heroin eponim t\u00eb tyre, Eneun, k\u00ebndon Homeri n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebn nj\u00ebzet\u00eb t\u00eb Iliad\u00ebs si djalin e Zeusit dhe themeluesin i linj\u00ebs mbret\u00ebrore Troj\u00ebs. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 Eneut, si themelues i fuqis\u00eb dhe lavdis\u00eb s\u00eb Rom\u00ebs, me origjin\u00eb dardane krenoheshin edhe shum\u00eb popuj t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb antikitetit \u2013 Epirot\u00ebt, maqedonasit dhe romak\u00ebt, si dhe shum\u00eb personalitete t\u00eb shquara t\u00eb historis\u00eb \u2013 Julius Caesar, Oktavian Augusti, Klaudi II, dhe natyrisht Kostandini i Madh dhe Justiniani.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr v\u00ebmendj\u00ebn k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb se, q\u00eb nga mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ari i par\u00eb para\/Kr., treva e qytetit t\u00eb lindj\u00ebs s\u00eb Kostandinit t\u00eb Madh, Naissusi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb uniteti kulturor e etnik t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, respektivisht t\u00eb dardan\u00ebve t\u00eb Gadishullit Ballkanik, si nj\u00eb nga fiset kryesore ilire. Prania e k\u00ebtij etnosi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet edhe nga historian\u00eb dhe gjeograf\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb antikitetit. K\u00ebtej, Herodoti n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn Historia zbulon se territori i Dardanis\u00eb qe pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrse e Iliris\u00eb. Historiani romak Apijani, si dhe gjeografi grek Straboni, shkruajn\u00eb p\u00ebr iliricitetin e dardan\u00ebve, sikurse edhe t\u00eb fiset t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj hap\u00ebsire. Pliniu, nd\u00ebrkaq konstatatonte se lumi Vardar ndante Dardanin\u00eb prej Maqedonis\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkaq, historiani i madh romak, Tit Livi shkruante p\u00ebr luftrat kufitare dardano-maqedonase e p\u00ebr inkursionet romake n\u00eb Dardani. Nga shek. II burimet lidhur me Naissusin jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta, m\u00eb t\u00eb plota, nd\u00ebrkaq ngjarjet n\u00eb qytet mund t\u00eb ndiq\u00ebn pa nd\u00ebrprerje. At\u00ebbot\u00eb, qyteti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb qend\u00ebr p\u00ebr organizimin e mbrojtj\u00ebs s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb Veriore.<\/p>\n

Edhe kartografia e koh\u00ebs antike, si, Tabula Peutingerianadhe gjeografi Ptolomeuofrojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr shtrirjen gjeografike t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndiqet p\u00ebrmes kufijve verior\u00eb Novi Pazar-Nish, e gjith\u00eb treva e Kosov\u00ebs dhe e Maqedonis\u00eb Verip\u00ebrendimore me kryeqend\u00ebr, Scupin. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr, ndonj\u00eb studiues ka b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizonte edhe kufirin etnogjeografik t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, kufij ky q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndiqet p\u00ebrmes kufij\u00ebve Per\u00ebndimor sipas linj\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme Gjakov\u00eb-Pej\u00eb-Novipazar-Ivanjic\u00eb-\u00c7a\u00e7ak, e cila ishte nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe kufiri i provinc\u00ebs. N\u00eb Lindje nd\u00ebrkaq, kufirin e Dardanis\u00eb duhet k\u00ebrkuar nga pozicioni Kumanov\u00eb-Vranje, deri n\u00eb rrethet e Remesian\u00ebs (Bela Palanka e sotme) te lumi Nishava. Kufiri Verior \u00ebsht\u00eb shtrir\u00eb mbi rajonin e qytetit Naissus. N\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb njoftim i Ptolomeutt\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart\u00eb, sipas t\u00eb cilit, Naissus ishte nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr kat\u00ebr qytete t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, njoftim ky q\u00eb pajtohet deri diku me pohimet e Plinit, sipas t\u00eb cilit, lumejt\u00eb e njohur Margus, Timachus dhe Pingus rrjedhin nga Dardania. Nd\u00ebrkaq, sipas nj\u00eb monumenti epigrafik ku p\u00ebrmendet Dea Dardania, t\u00eb zbuluar n\u00eb vendin Kamenica, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Kragujevacit dhe Milanovcit t\u00eb Ep\u00ebrm, mund t\u00eb dyshohet se kufiri i Dardanis\u00eb shkon edhe m\u00eb n\u00eb veri nga kufiri, t\u00eb cilin e p\u00ebrcaktonin, Ptolomeu dhe Plini.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Se territori i Naissusit dhe Timachus Maius dhe Timachus Minus, gjend\u00ebn n\u00eb trev\u00ebn e Dardanis\u00eb, d\u00ebshmohet jo vet\u00ebm nga materiali epigrafik, por edhe ai arkeologjik. S\u00eb k\u00ebtejmi, element me pesh\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb onomastika, sa do t\u00eb ishte arti ose stili i p\u00ebrmendoreve nga trualli i Naissusit dhe Timokut, art ose stil ky i quajtur Dardan, q\u00eb ishte identik edhe me p\u00ebrmendoret t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb territorit klasik t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb. Aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kjo ngjashm\u00ebri stilistike shpjegohet edhe me faktin se n\u00eb truallin e Dardanis\u00eb nga mesi i shek. II, dhe sidomos pas vitit 250 ishin t\u00eb lidhura dy kohorte, si milici territoriale t\u00eb rekrutuar nga popullata autoktone lokale: I Aurelia Dardanorum me seli n\u00eb Nais, dhe II Aurelia Dardanorum e vendosur n\u00eb Timachum Minus.<\/p>\n

Nga kap\u00ebrcyelli i shek. III, respektivisht n\u00eb vitin 297 perandori Dioklecian pasi q\u00eb kishte reformuar adminsitrat\u00ebn romake, Dardania paraqitet si provinc\u00eb n\u00eb vete, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet nga nj\u00eb mbishkrim i zbuluar n\u00eb Rom\u00eb: [Nai]sso Darda(niae). \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se, Provinca e Dardanis\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte n\u00eb verilindje k\u00ebto qytete: Naissus, Remesiana (Bela Palanka e sotme), Justinopolis (Cari\u00e7in Grad i sot\u00ebm), dhe Serdica(Sofia e sotme), qendra k\u00ebto, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen edhe qendra kryesore administrative t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta zbardhur sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje lypset t\u00eb ndalemi edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb autor\u00ebve dhe burimeve t\u00eb antikitetit t\u00eb von\u00eb dhe bizantin\u00eb. M\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast mua m\u00eb p\u00eblqen tu referohem m\u00eb tep\u00ebr k\u00ebtyre burimeve: Eutropius, Joan Malala, Laterculus Veronensis, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius, Marcellinus Comes, Notitia Dignitatum, Prisci, Sozomenus, Vita Aureliani n\u00eb Historia Augusta, etj.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb gjendje e k\u00ebtill\u00eb e rregullimit adminstrativ romak ka vazhduar gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb shek. IV, por edhe pas ndarj\u00ebs s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake n\u00eb vitin 395 dhe deri n\u00eb vitin 618, vit ky i p\u00ebrmendur sipas Miracula Sancti Demetri, ku qyteti Naissus qe p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb Provinc\u00ebn e Dardanis\u00eb, e cila sikurse edhe provincat t\u00eb tjera jugore t\u00eb Ilirikut kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe jan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur n\u00eb mjaft\u00eb vendbanime t\u00eb lashta dhe t\u00eb reja q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me gjall\u00ebrimin e popullsis\u00eb autoktone dhe me forcimin e karakterit etnik t\u00eb saj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, duke lexuar vepr\u00ebn e Hieroclis Synecdemus, burim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i shek. VI-t\u00eb p\u00ebr njohjen e gjeografis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb organizimit administrativ t\u00eb Ilirikut, do t\u00eb shohim se provinc\u00ebn e Dardanis\u00eb e kan\u00eb adminstruar tre hegjemon\u00eb t\u00eb qyteteve: Skupometropolis, Meriondhe Ulpiana. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, kufiri lindor i Dardanis\u00eb, p\u00ebrputhej me kufirin verior t\u00eb municipiumit t\u00eb Ulpian\u00ebs, me kufirin lindor t\u00eb municipiumit DD (n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Mitrovic\u00ebs) dhe me kufirin per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb municipiumit Naissus.<\/p>\n

Nga ajo q\u00eb u tha m\u00eb sip\u00ebr del se, ky territor kaq i gj\u00ebr\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, dhe papullata dardane q\u00eb ka jetuar k\u00ebtu ka luajtur rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb formimin e etnosit ilir dhe n\u00eb zhvillimin e historis\u00eb ilire gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb procesit deri n\u00eb transformimin e tyre n\u00eb arb\u00ebr. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur nj\u00eb bibliografi e pasur e shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, sipas studiuesit A. Mocsy n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e perandorit Kostandin, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb reform\u00eb e re administrative ku qyteti Naissus s\u00ebrish \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb brenda Provinc\u00ebs s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb. Arsyen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reform\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtill\u00eb adminsitrative t\u00eb Kostandinit duhet k\u00ebrkuar jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pragmatizmin e tij politik, meq\u00eb, sipas tij ai i cili do t\u00eb zot\u00ebronte Naissusin, do t\u00eb kontrollonte kahjet q\u00eb shpienin n\u00eb Lindje dhe Per\u00ebndim. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, Naissus paraqiste at\u00ebbot\u00eb udh\u00ebkryqin e magjistral\u00ebs transballkanike dhe transpanonike, pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs kan\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe rrug\u00ebt e njohur Via publica, e cila nga Naissus p\u00ebrmes Serdik\u00ebs shpiente p\u00ebr n\u00eb Constantinopilis, si dhe rruga tjet\u00ebr e njohur: Naissus \u2013 Lissus, Nish-Lezh\u00eb, rrug\u00eb kjo e cila sipas Tabula Peutingeriana zot\u00ebronte k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb stacioneve, si dhe distanc\u00ebn mes tyre sipas k\u00ebsaj radhe: Naisso XIV Ad Herculem VI Hammeo XX Ad Fines XX Vindenis XIX Viciano XXV Theranda XXX Gabuleo XVII Creveni XXX Ad Picaria XXX Lissum. Distanca mes Nishit dhe Lezh\u00ebs sipas burimit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ishte 211 mila (rreth 315 km). Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 315-334 jan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar disa edikte perandorake, \u00e7\u00ebshtje kjo e cila d\u00ebshmohet sipas Codex Theodosianus t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb V. Nga realizimi i k\u00ebtyre edikteve perandorake nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshmoh\u00ebn edhe vizitat e shpeshta t\u00eb perandorit Kostandin, si dhe t\u00eb pasuesve t\u00eb tij, q\u00eb i kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb Naissus-it dhe Median\u00ebs n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi (3 mila), nj\u00eb rezidenc\u00eb e tij verore sikurse na njoftonte Ammianus Marcellinus (325\/330-ca. 391) n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn Res Gestae ose ndryshe t\u00eb quajtur Historiae.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb shekujve I-VI, Dardania ishte nj\u00eb nga regjionet ballkanike m\u00eb pak t\u00eb romanizuar, dhe pothuaj t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i krishterizuar, dukuri kjo, q\u00eb ndryshe nga ardhacak\u00ebt sllav\u00eb, bullgar\u00eb e hungarez\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt krishterimin e kishin p\u00ebrqafuar n\u00eb fazat e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb saj, dardan\u00ebt si popullat\u00eb autoktone e p\u00ebrqafuan krishterimin q\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb, e cila, sipas Sh\u00ebn Palit kishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Ilirin\u00eb. Sipas Illyricum Sacri, t\u00eb Farlatit mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet se n\u00eb Dardani, i pari prej apostujve q\u00eb ka predikuar Ungjillin ka qen\u00eb Mateu, i cili n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e apostujve ishte zgjedhur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Jud\u00ebs Iskariot. Ai ua ka predikuar krishterimin fiseve maqedone, dardane, tribale dhe bastarne (\u201cGentes Macedonum, Dardanorum, Triballorum, Bastarnorum\u201d).<\/p>\n

Burim\u00ebt e ruajtura flasin se gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj p\u00ebriudhe n\u00eb provincat jugore t\u00eb Ilirikut kishte afro 20 qytete t\u00eb njohura. K\u00ebto emra qytetesh, n\u00eb trajt\u00eb origjinale ilire-arb\u00ebrore, u ruajt\u00ebn gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb historis\u00eb son\u00eb. N\u00eb mesin e tyre p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn edhe disa qytete t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, si, Bin\u00e7a (Arribantium), Lipian (Ulpiana), Nishi (Naissus), Shkupi(Scupi). Nga k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna onomastike, si dhe nga fondi i m\u00eb s\u00eb 200 fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb ruajtura nga leksiku bimor del se Dardania ishte nj\u00eb nga vatrat e formimit t\u00eb arb\u00ebrve dhe gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Prandaj, prania shum\u00eb e lasht\u00eb iliro-arb\u00ebrore e shoq\u00ebruar me krishterim nga periudha apostolike n\u00eb Dardani, b\u00ebri q\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb studiues t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb takimet intensive t\u00eb shqip\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre an\u00ebve me gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb mo\u00e7me t\u00eb Ballkanit.<\/p>\n

Kultura materiale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjetjet arkeologjike t\u00eb rastit nga studiues t\u00eb huaj dhe studiues vendor provojn\u00eb se, gjurm\u00ebt materiale t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs paleokristiane n\u00eb trevat e Dardanis\u00eb i ndeshim nga shek. II, dhe q\u00eb k\u00ebtej duke u ngjitur n\u00eb shek. III-XI jan\u00eb zbuluar njoftime interesante p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtj\u00ebn q\u00eb e kemi n\u00eb shqyrtim. N\u00eb lokalitet arkeologjike, si, Bardh t\u00eb Madh, Bajic\u00eb dhe Stdenic\u00eb t\u00eb Pej\u00ebs, Bu\u00e7an, Cari\u010din Grad, \u00c7e\u00e7an t\u00eb Vushtris\u00eb, D\u00ebrrsnik, Gra\u00e7anic\u00eb, Harilaq, Kabash, Korish\u00eb t\u00eb Prizrenit, Lece, Leskovac dhe rrethe, Lipjan, Median\u00eb, Novob\u00ebrd\u00eb, Pej\u00eb, Prizren, Ra\u00e7\u00eb t\u00eb Gjakov\u00ebs, Shashkoc dhe Veletin t\u00eb Janjev\u00ebs, Greme, Nerodime dhe Sur\u00e7in t\u00eb Ferizajit, Syrogan\u00eb t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnderajt, Shtime, etj. jan\u00eb zbuluar burime t\u00eb bollshme t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb luajtshme dhe t\u00eb palujatshme t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs paleokristiane.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr qendrat dardane, q\u00eb gjat\u00eb g\u00ebrmimeve arkeologjike n\u00eb shek. XX ka ofruar material t\u00eb pasur t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs materiale \u00ebsht\u00eb vendlindja e Kostandinit t\u00eb Madh, Naissus. Aty \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar dhe m\u00eb pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar materiali pasur epigrafik i shkruar ekskluzivisht n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn latine, si, monogrami i Krishtit i qujatur signum Christi,. \u00cbsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb t\u00eb fitor\u00ebs s\u00eb Krishtit, t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb e kishte p\u00ebrdorur Kostandini i Madh n\u00eb vitin 313. Nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb lagj\u00ebn-Jagodin t\u00eb Nishit, n\u00eb murin lindor t\u00eb nj\u00eb varri \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar nj\u00eb monogram n\u00eb kuror\u00eb t\u00eb gjeth\u00ebs s\u00eb palm\u00ebs kushtuar Krishtit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb an\u00ebn e majt\u00eb dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn e djatht\u00eb t\u00eb saj jan\u00eb paraqitur dy figura burrash n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb. Nj\u00ebra q\u00eb mban nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr dhe tjetra bekimin. Si nj\u00eb homolog t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre paraqitjeve n\u00eb murin per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb varrit dyshohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur motivi kushtuar apostujve, Pjetri dhe Pali.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Ulpian\u00eb, si qend\u00ebr ipeshvnore, nga arkeolog\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar nj\u00eb bazilik\u00eb e madhe, ku jan\u00eb ruajtur reliktet, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht eshtrat e martir\u00ebve t\u00eb Ulpian\u00ebs, Floritdhe Laurit.N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn edhe martir\u00ebt Prokuli dhe Maksimi, m\u00ebsues t\u00eb Florit dhe Laurit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u p\u00ebrsekutuan gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb perandorit Hadrian (117-138). Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr Florin dhe Laurin, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se, martir\u00ebt n\u00eb fjal\u00eb dardan\u00eb nga Ulpiana, u ngrit\u00ebn gjat\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs n\u00eb kultin e martir\u00ebve kishtar\u00eb bizantin, si dhe t\u00eb sllav\u00ebve t\u00eb ardhur, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt krishterimin e p\u00ebrqafuan nga gjysma e dyt\u00eb e shek. IX. Q\u00eb k\u00ebtej, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kalendar palestinezo-gruzian t\u00eb shekullit X (at\u00ebbot\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Bizantit), p\u00ebrmendet Flori dhe Lauri, s\u00eb bashku me Palin e me motr\u00ebn Julian\u00ebn:\u201cFlor et Lauri, Pauli et sororis eius Juliana [\u2026]\u201d. Emri i k\u00ebtyre martir\u00ebve nep\u00ebrmjet kish\u00ebs bizantine, \u00ebsht\u00eb nderuar shekuj me radh\u00eb edhe nga sllav\u00ebt e ritit ortodoks. Me siguri se, emrat e k\u00ebtyre martir\u00ebve, sllav\u00ebt i p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuan nga popull\u00ebsia vend\u00ebse arb\u00ebrore. Nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb mir\u00eb ku p\u00ebrmendet Flori dhe Lauri \u00ebsht\u00eb menologu i Patrikan\u00ebs s\u00eb Pej\u00ebs i vitit 1561. Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb monument t\u00eb kultit, n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Apostujve ruhet edhe afreska nga fillim\u00ebt e shek. XIV kushtuar Sh\u00ebn Kostandinit dhe gruas s\u00eb tij Helen\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundi, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re se, dardan\u00ebt nuk arrit\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar apogeun kulturor, sepse forcat e tyre m\u00eb t\u00eb mira u shfyt\u00ebzuan p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur atdheun nga armiq\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb, s\u00eb pari nga t\u00eb ashtuquajturit trako-kimer\u00ebt, e m\u00eb von\u00eb nga ana e maqedonsasve, kelt\u00ebve dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht p\u00ebr tu inkuadruar n\u00ebn Perandorin Romake, forcat e tyre ishin fshehur plot\u00ebsisht, por n\u00eb shek. III \u2013 VII, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb kriz\u00ebs dhe r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake, Provinca e Dardanis\u00eb dhe popullata e saj u gjend\u00ebn p\u00ebrseri n\u00eb fokus t\u00eb ngjarjeve historike, kulturore dhe fetare. Kolosi nga Ballkani Q\u00ebndror-Kostandini Madh \u2013 sikurse i realizonte t\u00eb gjitha aspiratat e paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb larg\u00ebt: vendlindjen e tij e ngriti n\u00eb mas\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb mundshme, duke reziduar n\u00eb Rom\u00ebn e Re \u2013 Kostandinopoj\u00ebn, e cila ishte nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb dalje t\u00eb Dardaneleve, n\u00eb zon\u00ebn, ku ajo dikur sundohej nga paraardh\u00ebsi tij i larg\u00ebt Dardani.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Revista Drini – 23 Maj 2019 M\u00eb 22 maj t\u00eb vitit 337 sh\u00ebnohet dita e vdekj\u00ebs s\u00eb Kostandinit t\u00eb Madh (306-307; 307-337), nj\u00eb kolos nga Ballkani Q\u00ebndror i gjakut dhe i origjin\u00ebs dardane Jahja Dran\u00e7olli, historian nga Prishtina N\u00eb gjasht\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs ton\u00eb, edhe pse administrata romake kishte sjellur procese t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nKostandini Madh, kolosi i gjakut e origjin\u00ebs dardane, n\u00eb kontekstin Dardan dhe Dardani - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kostandini-madh-kolosi-i-gjakut-e-origjines-dardane-ne-kontekstin-dardan-dhe-dardani\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kostandini Madh, kolosi i gjakut e origjin\u00ebs dardane, n\u00eb kontekstin Dardan dhe Dardani - 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