{"id":4360,"date":"2016-07-09T04:02:35","date_gmt":"2016-07-09T03:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=4360"},"modified":"2021-07-08T23:41:24","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T21:41:24","slug":"cameria-renia-nen-sundimin-osman-dhe-islamizimi-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/cameria-renia-nen-sundimin-osman-dhe-islamizimi-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7AM\u00cbRIA: R\u00ebnia n\u00ebn sundimin osman dhe islamizimi (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dita<\/a> – Prof. P\u00ebllumb Xhufi<\/strong>, 8 korrik 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

(Vijon nga numri i kaluar<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga paraardh\u00ebsi i tij fam\u00ebkeq, despoti Esau u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb vendoste marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira me shqiptar\u00ebt e qytetit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs dhe me shqiptar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb rrethinave. Por konfliktet me despotin Shpata nuk u shuan, dhe k\u00ebtyre iu shtuan edhe ato me sundimtarin tjet\u00ebr shqiptar, Gjon Zenebishin, i cili po shtrinte sundimin e tij n\u00eb Vageneti, duke i mbyllur despotit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs daljen n\u00eb det. N\u00eb vjesht\u00eb 1386, Gjon Zenebishi mori Sajadh\u00ebn, t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr kriporet e saj. N\u00eb fortes\u00eb ndodhej nj\u00eb garnizon me ushtar\u00eb venecian\u00eb, q\u00eb u zun\u00eb rob dhe q\u00eb Zenebishi ua shiti turqve. Ky fakt krijoi nj\u00eb konflikt t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr me Republik\u00ebn e Venedikut, q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht at\u00eb vit kishte sht\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb Korfuzin dhe q\u00eb pretendonte se edhe vija bregdetare e Vagenetis\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn jurisdiksionin e Korfuzit. Fuqizimi i Zenebishit shqet\u00ebsoi edhe Esau Buondelmontin e Janin\u00ebs, i cili nuk pa rrug\u00ebdalje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 asaj t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit me turqit. M\u00eb 1386 ai ishte tashm\u00eb vasal i Sulltanit dhe me ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb Turqve, m\u00eb 1387 mundi t\u2019i rr\u00ebmbej\u00eb Gjon Zenebishit Sajadh\u00ebn me kriporet e saj. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar mbrojtjen e tyre, Esau fortifikoi fortes\u00ebn e braktisur t\u00eb Kastris\u00eb. Por Zenebishi e mori p\u00ebrs\u00ebri Sajadh\u00ebn, kur m\u00eb 1389 despoti Esau u gjend p\u00ebrs\u00ebri i rrethuar n\u00eb Janin\u00eb nga forcat e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ndihmat e ardhura nga qeveritari serb i Thesalis\u00eb, Joasaf, dhe sidomos nga turqit, e \u00e7liruan edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb tjet\u00ebr Janin\u00ebn nga dara e rrethimit t\u00eb Shpat\u00ebs. Konflikti pafund mes dy rival\u00ebve duket se u zbut m\u00eb 1396, kur, pas vdekjes s\u00eb gruas s\u00eb par\u00eb, serbes Maria Angelina, despoti Esau vendosi t\u00eb martohet me vajz\u00ebn e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, Iren\u00ebn. Burimet historike l\u00ebvdojn\u00eb bukurin\u00eb dhe virtytet e gruas s\u00eb re t\u00eb zotit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. Por, n\u00ebse kjo martes\u00eb qet\u00ebsoi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tij t\u00eb trazuara me sundimtarin tashm\u00eb plak t\u00eb Art\u00ebs, mbetej i hapur konflikti tjet\u00ebr i ashp\u00ebr me sundimtarin tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Epirit shqiptar, Gjon Zenebishin. T\u00eb diel\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara Pashk\u00ebve, m\u00eb 5 prill 1399, Esau vendosi t\u2019i jap\u00eb nj\u00eb goditje p\u00ebrfundimtare Zenebishit. Pasi mblodhi ushtar\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjitha viset n\u00ebn pushtetin e tij, ku b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb edhe shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb nga Malakasi, Mazareku, Papingji, Zagori i Madh e Dropulli, Esau mori drejtimin drejt veriut dhe u ndal n\u00eb Dhiv\u00ebr, af\u00ebr Mesopotamit. Por k\u00ebtu ai u sulmua papritur nga forcat e Gjon Zenebishit. Ushtria e tij u shpartallua keqas, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb despot Esau u zu rob nga fitimtari shqiptar.<\/p>\n

Disfata e Esaut dhe z\u00ebnia rob e tij prej Gjon Zenebishit u b\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e rendit t\u00eb dit\u00ebs n\u00eb kancelerit\u00eb e dy an\u00ebve t\u00eb Adriatikut. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsi e Firences, nd\u00ebrmori nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim p\u00ebr n\u00eb Venedik, dhe prej andej n\u00eb Korfuz e m\u00eb tej n\u00eb Gjirokast\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar lirimin e despotit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, pinjollit t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej familjeve m\u00eb fisnike t\u00eb Firences. N\u00eb favor t\u00eb lirimit t\u00eb despotit Esau nd\u00ebrhyri edhe Senati i Venedikut, i cili i bashkangjiti delegacionit nga Firencja edhe nj\u00eb ambasadorin e vet, bart\u00ebs t\u00eb nj\u00eb letre t\u00eb atij Senati p\u00ebr Gjon Zenebishin. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn \u00e7\u00ebshtje, Komuna e Firences i d\u00ebrgoi at\u00eb koh\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr edhe sundimtarit tjet\u00ebr shqiptar t\u00eb Epirit, \u201cprincit t\u00eb ndritur, zotit Shpata, despot i Romanis\u00eb\u201d (illustri principi et domino domino Spatae, despoto Romaniae). Komuna e Firences, q\u00eb e kishte Esaun qytetarin e vet, shpresonte shum\u00eb tek roli i Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs n\u00eb zgjidhjen e k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje, duke qen\u00eb se ai ishte nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh vjehrr i Esaut dhe i Gjon Zenebishit (quum utriusque socer sitis, vestrum sit generos inter se componere). M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, Esau Acciaiuoli u la i lir\u00eb t\u00eb largohej nga burgu i Gjirokastr\u00ebs, kundrejt pages\u00ebs s\u00eb 10 mij\u00eb dukateve ari.<\/p>\n

Viti 1399 solli zhdukjen nga skena t\u00eb nj\u00eb protagonisti t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Epirit n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb-shekullin e fundit. Gjin Bua Shpata vdiq dhe vendin e tij e zuri i v\u00ebllai, Sguro Bua, q\u00eb deri at\u00eb koh\u00eb kishte qeverisur territoret Shpatajve n\u00eb Etolo-Akarnani, me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Angelokastron. Por nuk kaluan vet\u00ebm pak muaj dhe nj\u00eb personazh, p\u00ebrndryshe i panjohur, q\u00eb kronikat e koh\u00ebs e quajn\u00eb Bokoi, sulmoi Art\u00ebn dhe e pushtoi at\u00eb. Kronika e Janin\u00ebs e identifikon Bokoin me nj\u00eb term hibrid, serboshqiptarobullgarovllahu, tregues ky i simbioz\u00ebs etnike q\u00eb ekzistonte n\u00eb mal\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Epirit nga ku vinte ky personazh enigmatik. Brenda vitit 1400, Bokoi mori Parg\u00ebn dhe Fanarin. Pask\u00ebtaj, Sguro Bua u t\u00ebrhoq n\u00eb Naupakt, nga ku vazhdoi t\u00eb qeveriste zot\u00ebrimet e tij t\u00eb Etolo-Akarnanis\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, vet\u00ebm pas nj\u00eb viti, nipi i tij, Muriq Shpata u hakmorr mbi Bokoin, duke ua kthyer Art\u00ebn Shpatajve dhe duke vrar\u00eb uzurpatorin. Nga ana e vet, Venediku p\u00ebrfitoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ripushtuar Parg\u00ebn e Fanarin, ku vendosi garnizonet e veta.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Gjon Zenebishi, vazhdonte t\u00eb mbante pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Poshtme, me Gjirokastr\u00ebn, Delvin\u00ebn e Vagenetin\u00eb. Por, nga momenti q\u00eb m\u00eb 1386 Republika e Venedikut mori Korfuzin, deri at\u00ebher\u00eb zot\u00ebrim napoletan, brigjet e Vagenetis\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb planet e saj t\u00eb pushtimit. At\u00eb vit, nipi i Zenebishit, Riccardo de Altavilla, baron Korfiot e k\u00ebshtjellar i Butrintit, ia dor\u00ebzoi k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn Venecian\u00ebve. Po m\u00eb 1386 venecian\u00ebt mor\u00ebn n\u00eb dor\u00ebzim Sajadh\u00ebn. Por vet\u00ebm pas ndonj\u00eb viti, Sajadha u mor n\u00eb befasi nga despoti i Janin\u00ebs, Esau Buondelmonti. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb moment u duk se midis Zenebishit e Venedikut u krijua nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb kund\u00ebr Esaut. M\u00eb 1394 Gjon Zenebishi bashk\u00eb me kontin Lanza, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr sundimtar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Poshtme, i ndihmuan venecian\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mure e forcoma n\u00eb vendin e Ksamilit, duke d\u00ebrguar aty mjeshtra murator\u00eb e l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Fortifikimi i Ksamilit ishte nj\u00eb nyje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndalur zbritjen e turqve drejt Butrintit. Por marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Venedikun e me qeveritar\u00ebt venecian\u00eb t\u00eb Korfuzit ndryshuan pas vitit 1399, kur Zenebishi shpartalloi dhe zuri rob despotin italian t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. Qeveritari venecian i Korfuzit e shfryt\u00ebzoi disfat\u00ebn e despotit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs dhe, pas ndonj\u00eb viti, zhdukjen nga skena e uzurpatorit Bokoi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb sht\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb qytetin e Parg\u00ebs, k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn Vilichi dhe skel\u00ebn e Fanarit, n\u00eb derdhje t\u00eb lumit Akeront (1401). N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, Gjon Zenebishi sulmoi dhe pushtoi Sajadh\u00ebn dhe kriporet e saj, duke z\u00ebn\u00eb rob ushtar\u00ebt venecian\u00eb q\u00eb i ruanin, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ua shiti turqve. Zoti shqiptar vuri menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb kriporet e Sajadh\u00ebs, ku, si\u00e7 thon\u00eb burimet,\u201cprodhohej krip\u00eb me shumic\u00eb e me pak shpenzime\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e Sajadh\u00ebs i r\u00ebndoi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes Venedikut dhe sundimtarit t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Poshtme. Zenebishi pretendonte se Sajadh\u00ebn e kishte trash\u00ebgim nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt e tij. N\u00eb 7 korrik 1401, Senati i Venedikut i drejtohej Gjonit, t\u00eb cilin me at\u00eb rast e quan \u201csundimtar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri\u201d (Jonius Genebesi, dominus in Albania), duke pretenduar se Sajadha ishte veneciane, pasi ai vend i p\u00ebrkiste jurisdiksionit t\u00eb Korfuzit, dhe nga momenti q\u00eb Korfuzi u b\u00eb venecian, edhe Sajadha me kriporet e saj duhet t\u2019i kalonte Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Markut. Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i Venedikut, kriporet e Sajadh\u00ebs konkuronin fort kriporet e Korfuzit duke d\u00ebmtuar interesat veneciane. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, qeveritari venecian i Korfuzit u urdh\u00ebrua t\u00eb shtinte n\u00eb dor\u00eb, me t\u00eb mir\u00eb apo me t\u00eb keq, kull\u00ebn e Sajadh\u00ebs, t\u00eb quajtur Bastia, sepse \u201cai q\u00eb zot\u00ebronte kull\u00ebn, zot\u00ebronte edhe kriporet\u201d (quia habendo turrim, habebuntur saline). N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen e vet, Zenebishi u b\u00ebnte t\u00eb qart\u00eb venecian\u00ebve se \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Sajadh\u00ebs ishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje lufte a paqe. Prandaj u k\u00ebrkonte venecian\u00ebve \u201cta linin t\u00eb qet\u00eb t\u00eb prodhonte krip\u00eb n\u00eb ato kripore, pasi kripa ishte buka e tij\u201d (quod ipse possit habere panem suum quetum scilicet dictas salinas, et facere salem). N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, venecian\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn ta sulmojn\u00eb ushtarakisht Sajadh\u00ebn, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1401. Pushtimi i saj i kushtoi humbje t\u00eb shumta Republik\u00ebs, e cila pask\u00ebtaj e rrafshoi p\u00ebr tok\u00eb kull\u00ebn (Bastian) dhe i rr\u00ebnoi p\u00ebrfundimisht kriporet e Sajadh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Shpartallimi i turqve osman\u00eb prej mongol\u00ebve n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Ankaras\u00eb, m\u00eb 1402, ndikoi si kudo q\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Poshtme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb far\u00eb kohe t\u00eb ruhej statu quo-ja. Megjithse dinamik e i vendosur, pasardh\u00ebsi i Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, nipi i tij Muriqi Shpata, nuk mundi t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb zot\u00ebrimet e trash\u00ebguara nga gjyshi. Tani atij i duhej t\u00eb luftonte n\u00eb kat\u00ebr fronte, kund\u00ebr despotit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, kund\u00ebr Carlo Tocco-s s\u00eb Qefalonis\u00eb, kund\u00ebr Turqve e kund\u00ebr Venecian\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tij me Shpatajt e tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Sguro Buan, nuk ishin nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb mirat. M\u00eb 1403, Sguro Bua vdiq pasi kishte humbur shum\u00eb nga k\u00ebshtjellat e tij, q\u00eb i kaluan zotit t\u00eb Qefalonis\u00eb, Carlo Tocco-s. Djali i tij, Pal Shpata, humbi k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e Angelokastr\u00ebs q\u00eb Carlo Tocco e mori me miratimin e Venedikut (1407). Po b\u00ebhej gati t\u2019u dor\u00ebzonte turqve edhe Naupaktin, por Venediku, nxitoi t\u2019ia blej\u00eb at\u00eb me t\u00eb holla sundimtarit shqiptar.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb Janin\u00eb, despoti Esau i Janin\u00ebs, pasi kishte ndar\u00eb m\u00eb 1402 gruan e tij, Irena Shpat\u00ebn, vajz\u00eb e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, lidhi kuror\u00eb me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr princesh\u00eb shqiptare, Eudokia Balsh\u00ebn, vajz\u00eb e Gjergj Balsh\u00ebs s\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs. Kur despoti Esau vdiq, m\u00eb 1411, banor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb fshatrave p\u00ebrreth dhe ata t\u00eb qytetit, u ngrit\u00ebn t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin ardhjen e nj\u00eb qeveritari shqiptar. Muriqi Shpata dhe Gjon Zenebishi mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara mureve t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb merrnin m\u00eb n\u00eb fund qytetin e shum\u00ebd\u00ebshiruar. Por paria serbo-bizantino-italiane e Janin\u00ebs, nga frika se Eudokia mund t\u2019ia dor\u00ebzonte Janin\u00ebn sundimtar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb, ia ofruan qytetin kontit Carlo Tocco t\u00eb Qefalonis\u00eb. N\u00ebn presionin e tyre Eudokia u largua dhe p\u00ebr pak koh\u00eb u strehua tek Gjon Zenebishi, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb kthehej bashk\u00eb me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Carlo Tocco hyri n\u00eb Janin\u00eb n\u00eb 1 prill 1411 dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiti luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr zot\u00ebrve shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Art\u00ebs e t\u00eb Gjirokastr\u00ebs. Ashtu si paraardh\u00ebsit e tij, edhe Carlo Tocco u mb\u00ebshtet kryesisht n\u00eb forc\u00ebn ushtarake t\u00eb krer\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebnaqur, q\u00eb kishin braktisur Shpatajt e Zenebishin. Nga ana e tij, Gjon Zenebishi, q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ishte autoriteti kryesor mes zot\u00ebrve shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Poshtme, u k\u00ebrkoi ndihm\u00eb atyre. Shpatajt, Muzakajt dhe sundimtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, aleat\u00eb e kush\u00ebrinj t\u00eb Zenebishit i d\u00ebrguan atij forca ushtarake. Kur n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1411 Carlo Tocco u nis me ushtri kund\u00ebr zotit t\u00eb Gjirokastr\u00ebs e Vagenetis\u00eb, ky e priti i n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn e Kranes\u00eb. Ushtria e Carlo Tocco-s u shpartallua keqas nga ushtria e Gjon Zenebishit dhe pothuaj gjith\u00eb komandant\u00ebt e saj ran\u00eb n\u00eb duart e shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Pas disfat\u00ebs s\u00eb Kranes\u00eb, Tocco-s nuk i mbeti ve\u00e7se t\u00eb lidhej me turqit dhe t\u00eb shpresonte t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte nga grindjet mes vet\u00eb krer\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb. Duke konsideruar si hallk\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt Muriqi Shpat\u00ebn, ai ushtroi presion mbi Art\u00ebn, duke e sulmuar at\u00eb si nga veriu (Janina), ashtu edhe nga ishujt e Jonit dhe nga Vonica, zot\u00ebrimi i tij n\u00eb Gjirin e Art\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb viteve 1412-1414 Carlo Tocco pushtoi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb pozicionesh p\u00ebrreth Art\u00ebs. Si\u00e7 u theksua m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, m\u00eb 1407 ai i mori Pal Shpat\u00ebs k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e Angelokastr\u00ebs, qendr\u00ebn historike t\u00eb Shpatajve t\u00eb jugut. Po at\u00eb vit, Venediku bleu prej Pal Shpat\u00ebs k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn strategjike t\u00eb Naupaktit. Shpatajve u mbetej vet\u00ebm Arta, qendra e dikurshme e despotit Gjin Bua Shpata. M\u00eb 1414 vdiq Muriqi Shpata, dhe vendin e tij n\u00eb Art\u00eb e zuri i v\u00ebllai, Jakubi, q\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb ishte konvertuar n\u00eb islam. Ky u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb zgjeroj\u00eb territorin p\u00ebrreth Art\u00ebs, duke ripushtuar fortesat e humbura nga i v\u00ebllai. Por, n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb rimarr\u00eb fortes\u00ebn e Vomblianas, m\u00eb 1 tetor 1414, Jakubi mbeti i vrar\u00eb. Carlo Tocco e pushtoi m\u00eb n\u00eb fund edhe Art\u00ebn duke ribashkuar n\u00ebn skeptrin e vet pothuaj gjith\u00eb territoret e despotatit t\u00eb dikursh\u00ebm t\u00eb Art\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mori fund zot\u00ebrimi i Shpatajve n\u00eb Epir e n\u00eb Etolo-Akarnani. Pamund\u00ebsia e Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs dhe e pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb Janin\u00ebn rezultoi fatale p\u00ebr fatet e k\u00ebtij zot\u00ebrimi.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb ishte zgjidhur edhe konflikti i gjat\u00eb midis Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Venedikut dhe zotit t\u00eb Vagenetis\u00eb, Gjon Zenebishit, p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e Sajadh\u00ebs. N\u00eb 1413 Sajadha qeverisej nga nj\u00eb kapiten venecian, i em\u00ebruar nga bajliu i Korfuzit. Nga ana e tyre, osman\u00ebt rifilluan t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb presion mbi zot\u00ebrimet e Zenebishit n\u00eb Vageneti, shpesh her\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nga despoti Carlo Tocco i Janin\u00ebs. N\u00eb korrik 1414 sebastokratori Gjon Zenebishi i k\u00ebrkoi Senatit venecian t\u00eb mund t\u00eb rekrutonte 30 balistar\u00eb venecian\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur k\u00ebshtjellat e veta nga turqit. Po at\u00eb vit, Zenebishi k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb blej\u00eb disa prona n\u00eb Korfuz me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb vendosej aty me familjen, n\u00eb rast se turqit do pushtonin zot\u00ebrimet e tij. N\u00eb tetor 1418, pas nj\u00eb rrethimi q\u00eb zgjati disa muaj, i biri i Gjonit, Simoni, ia dor\u00ebzoi Gjirokastr\u00ebn komandantit osman, Hamza Beut, dh\u00ebnd\u00ebr i Carlo Tocco-s s\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb, Gjon Zenebishi, q\u00eb ishte strehuar n\u00eb pron\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb Korfuz, u pranua qytetar venecian nga Senati. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Carlo Tocco-s, m\u00eb 1430 edhe Janina iu dor\u00ebzua pa luft\u00eb nj\u00eb ushtrie osmane, t\u00eb komanduar nga Sinan Pasha.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1431 osman\u00ebt krijuan \u201csanxhakun shqiptar\u201d me qend\u00ebr Gjirokastr\u00ebn, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte territoret nga Kruja, n\u00eb veri, deri n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e lumit Kalamas, n\u00eb jug. Regjistri p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs i hartuar at\u00eb vit, sh\u00ebnonte feudet (timaret) si dhe shum\u00ebn e t\u00eb ardhurave q\u00eb nxirrej nga \u00e7donjeri prej tyre. Sanxhaku ndahej n\u00eb vilajete dhe n\u00eb nj\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla administrative, nahije. Edhe pse ishte regjistruar vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e saj, Vagenetia (\u00c7am\u00ebria) em\u00ebrtohet aty si vilajet, nj\u00eblloj si vilajeti i Gjirokastr\u00ebs, Kanin\u00ebs, K\u00eblcyr\u00ebs etj. Ky regjistrim i par\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi vendosjen e sundimit osman n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe shfron\u00ebsimin e klas\u00ebs feudale vendase. Ai shkaktoi nj\u00eb val\u00eb kryengritjesh, m\u00eb e madhja e t\u00eb cilave ishte ajo e Gjergj Arianitit, m\u00eb 1433. Vatra e saj ishte n\u00eb mal\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kurveleshit, ku ushtria e sanxhakbeut Ali Bej Evrenozi u shpartallua keqas.<\/p>\n

Pas dy vjet\u00ebsh n\u00eb viset e Gjirokastr\u00ebs shp\u00ebrtheu nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kryengritje. P\u00ebr ta drejtuar at\u00eb erdhi nga Korfuzi Dep\u00eb Zenebishi, i biri i Gjon Zenebishit. Kryengrit\u00ebsit rrethuan kryeqendr\u00ebn e sanxhakut, por nj\u00eb ushtri e drejtuar nga qeveritari i Thesalis\u00eb, Turhan Pasha, i zuri kryengrit\u00ebsit n\u00eb befasi duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebrdin\u00eb mbi ta. Vet\u00eb Depa u zu rob dhe u ekzekutua nga turqit. Mbeturinat e kryengrit\u00ebsve u t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn drejt jugut, dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb u hodh\u00ebn me varka n\u00eb Korfuz. Lidhur me ta, midis autoriteteve veneciane t\u00eb Korfuzit dhe qeveritarit osman t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb, vojvod\u00ebs Isak, lindi nj\u00eb konflikt, q\u00eb zgjati disa vjet. M\u00eb 1436, qeveritari turk vazhdonte t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte kthimin e t\u00eb ikurve nga \u00c7am\u00ebria (Vagenetia), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm \u201cp\u00ebr ta populluar at\u00eb provinc\u00eb t\u00eb shkretuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb kultur\u00eb tokat e braktisura\u201d (redirent in destructam provinciam ad habitandum et laborandum).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, edhe pse pushtimi osman solli nj\u00eb depresion ekonomik e demografik, pas disa vjet\u00ebsh \u00c7am\u00ebria duket se e kishte marr\u00eb veten. Mbi t\u00eb gjitha d\u00ebshmohet nj\u00eb rritje e madhe e prodhimit t\u00eb grurit, i cili n\u00eb ato koh\u00eb luftrash k\u00ebrkohej shum\u00eb. Ishulli i Korfuzit i plot\u00ebsonte nevojat e tij n\u00eb drithra me importet q\u00eb mb\u00ebrrinin t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga stereja shqiptare (terra ferma dalla quale si riceve l\u2019intiero alimento). Autoritetet veneciane t\u00eb Korfuzit p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqnin t\u00eb gjitha eksportet n\u00eb ishull, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kontratave t\u00eb shitjes q\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruanin \u00e7do vit me qeveritar\u00ebt osman\u00eb t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebrcillej p\u00ebr n\u00eb Venedik. Por n\u00eb vitin 1444 autoritetet veneciane ankoheshin se n\u00eb skelat e Igumenic\u00ebs, Parg\u00ebs, Nist\u00ebs, Vilikit, Fanarit ishin dukur anije t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb huaja, t\u00eb cilat transportonin ngarkesa me grur\u00eb drejt destinacioneve t\u00eb tjera. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht aktiv\u00eb dhe konkurrues po tregoheshin n\u00eb ato an\u00eb tregtar\u00ebt e Raguz\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e blinin grurin nga prodhuesit shqiptar\u00eb me dy aspra m\u00eb shum\u00eb se korfiot\u00ebt. P\u00ebr ta frenuar k\u00ebt\u00eb trafik, Senati i Venedikut urdh\u00ebroi q\u00eb \u00e7do anije e huaj me kapacitet mbi 70 stare e ngarkuar me grur\u00eb n\u00eb limanet e \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb, duhej t\u00eb kthehej domosdoshm\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Korfuz p\u00ebr t\u2019u pajisur me licenc\u00eb. P\u00ebrndryshe, ngarkesa do konsiderohej kontraband\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb sekuestrohej.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse larg vatr\u00ebs s\u00eb ngjarjeve, \u00c7am\u00ebria nuk mbeti pa u ndikuar nga kryengritja e madhe shqiptare e Gjergj Kastriotit-Sk\u00ebnderbeut dhe q\u00ebndresa e tij antiosmane. N\u00eb vitin 1454, nj\u00eb pinjoll i Zenebish\u00ebve, Simon Zenebishi u arratis nga oborri i Sulltanit dhe u vendos n\u00eb fortes\u00ebn e Strobilit, af\u00ebr Sajadh\u00ebs, prej nga ku vendosi lidhje me Mbretin e Napolit, Alfonsin V. N\u00eb 26 gusht 1455, mbreti Alfons V iu drejtua me nj\u00eb let\u00ebr \u201cburrit t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer Simon Zenebishi, zot i Strobilit n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri, besnikut ton\u00eb t\u00eb dashur\u201d (Magnifico viro Simoni Gimbixi, domino castri Villari in Albania, fideli nostro dilecto). Prej saj m\u00ebsohet se pak koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, djali i Simonit kishte shkuar te mbreti, dhe n\u00eb pranin\u00eb e tij ishte pag\u00ebzuar n\u00eb kish\u00eb me emrin Alfons (vostro figlio, messer Alfonso Gimbixi, lo quale mediante divina gracia havemo facto baptizare). Kuptohet, q\u00eb Simon Zenebishi dhe i biri, Alfonsi, kishin kaluar n\u00eb islam gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb oborrin e Sulltanit.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb 26 qershor 1456, mbreti Alfons i Napolit i shkruante Sk\u00ebnderbeut, duke i rekomanduar atij Simon Zenebishin, i cili, bashk\u00eb me gjith\u00eb vasal\u00ebt e tij, \u201cishte i gatsh\u00ebm t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbente Zotit dhe mbretit\u201d (haber per recommandato lo magnifico Simoni Gimbisi e soy vassalli, ha servicio de dio e ad nuy multo caro). Letr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcolli tek Sk\u00ebnderbeu fra Johan Clevere, k\u00ebshilltar i Alfonsit V, i cili u ndal edhe n\u00eb Strobil, ku bisedoi me Simon Zenebishin. Po at\u00eb vit, Simon Zenebishi k\u00ebrkoi ndihma nga Mbreti Alfons i Napolit, si dhe nga Papa Kalisti III. Ky i fundit, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen e tij t\u00eb 5 dhjetorit 1456, e inkurajonte zotin shqiptar n\u00eb q\u00ebndres\u00ebn e tij kund\u00ebr turqve. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb e njoftonte at\u00eb, se e kishte t\u00eb pamundur t\u2019i d\u00ebrgonte ndihma, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shpenzimeve t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb Kisha b\u00ebnte p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur ushtrit\u00eb n\u00eb frontin hungarez dhe flot\u00ebn n\u00eb Mesdhe. Megjithat\u00eb, Papa siguronte se u kishte shkruar sovran\u00ebve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta ndihmuar Zenebishin.<\/p>\n

d) Periudha osmane<\/strong>
\nP\u00ebrpjekjet e Simon Zenebishit e t\u00eb djalit t\u00eb tij, Alfonsit, ishin t\u00eb fundit q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb ringritjes s\u00eb zot\u00ebrimit t\u00eb dikursh\u00ebm t\u00eb familjes. Vdekja e Sk\u00ebnderbeut dhe r\u00ebnia e k\u00ebshtjellave t\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs e t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs, p\u00ebrcaktoi p\u00ebrfundimisht edhe fatin e principatave jugore shqiptare. Me r\u00ebnien e tyre, Republika e Venedikut u gjend n\u00ebn goditjen direkte t\u00eb osman\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt k\u00ebrkuan t\u00eb pushtojn\u00eb edhe zot\u00ebrimet e saj n\u00eb bregdetin shqiptar t\u00eb Jonit. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb 1454 e 1455 turqit sulmuan Parg\u00ebn, Butrintin, Strovilin e Rinias\u00ebn. Fal\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit me popullsin\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre vendeve, venecian\u00ebt mund\u00ebn t\u2019i mbajn\u00eb k\u00ebto zot\u00ebrime, madje m\u00eb 1463 u shtuan atyre edhe Himar\u00ebn, Sopotin (Borshin), Arill\u00ebn e Agian.<\/p>\n

Ashtu si n\u00eb gjith\u00eb trevat e tjera shqiptare, pushtimi osman shkaktoi edhe n\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri val\u00eb emigracioni drejt Greqis\u00eb, ishujve t\u00eb Jonit e drejt Italis\u00eb, q\u00eb prek\u00ebn shtresat e larta t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb por edhe masat e thjeshta. Megjithat\u00eb, regjistrimet e para osmane t\u00eb shek. XV-XVI d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e qyteteve dhe t\u00eb vendbanimeve rurale n\u00eb at\u00eb krahin\u00eb. Defteri i Delvin\u00ebs dhe ai i Janin\u00ebs i vitit 1583 provojn\u00eb karakterin shqiptar t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb e t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb saj, n\u00eb sanxhakun e Janin\u00ebs. N\u00eb fakt, pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e emrave t\u00eb regjistruar aty i p\u00ebrket antroponimis\u00eb tipike shqiptare: Gjin, Mark, Martin, Ded\u00eb, Gjok\u00eb, Pal, Belush, Kurtes, Nik\u00eb, Gjon, Lask\u00eb, Kondo, Muzhak, Dimo, Kuka, Geg\u00eb, Buban, Lek\u00eb, etj. etj. Por, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat provojn\u00eb se shqiptar\u00ebt mbanin gjithashtu edhe emra t\u00eb fondit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb, m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ortodoks, t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me grek\u00ebt e vlleh\u00ebt. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb nj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb 10 qershorit 1562 t\u00eb hartuar n\u00eb Korfuz p\u00ebrmenden disa banor\u00eb t\u00eb ikur nga fshatra t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb e t\u00eb strehuar n\u00eb at\u00eb ishull, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt cil\u00ebsohen q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb si \u201cshqiptar\u00eb\u201d. K\u00ebshtu, nga fshati Vrohon\u00e0 p\u00ebrmenden Georg Bufi, Reci Greveniti, Jessera Parlo, Llazar Grevenioti, Andalica. Nga Leftehori: Nik Gjokomuni, Jani Kurteshi. Nga Senica: Stelio Petribunxa, Dimo Kondi, Jan Tusha, Stamat Jani, Gum\u00eb Bosi, Jorgo Armuri, Mizzi. Nga Sh\u00ebngjoni i Ri: Jani Kakoj, i biri i Serbishit. Nga Dobra: Peleshi, Paliari, Kurteshi Sanga. Nga Agi\u00e0: Jan Dima, Jani Janaka. Nga Gllobo\u00e7ari: Pal Lupari. Nga Ku\u00e7i: Niko Dima, Stamati Qesari, Pal Serbisha.<\/p>\n

Pas mposhtjes s\u00eb q\u00ebndres\u00ebs shqiptare, nga fundi i shek. XV, pushtuesit osman\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb organizim t\u00eb ri t\u00eb territoreve t\u00eb jugut. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb tij, nj\u00eb rol kryesor fitonte sanxhaku i Vlor\u00ebs, jurisdiksioni i t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebrfshinte gjith\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Poshtme deri posht\u00eb n\u00eb Prevez\u00eb. Aty nga mesi i shek. XVI u b\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb tjera, duke krijuar sanxhakun e ri t\u00eb Delvin\u00ebs, i cili, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rrethit t\u00eb Delvin\u00ebs e Kurveleshit, p\u00ebrfshiu pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb, me Parakallamin, Mazarakun, Marg\u00eblli\u00e7in, Paramithin\u00eb, Parg\u00ebn e Frarin. Sanxhaku tjet\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, ai i Janin\u00ebs, shtrihej drejt jugut, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Art\u00ebn e Prevez\u00ebn me rrethet e tyre. Megjithat\u00eb, sanxhakbeu i Vlor\u00ebs e ruajti edhe pask\u00ebtaj pozicionin e tij si \u201cprimus inter pares\u201d midis sanxhakbejler\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb jugut. <\/p>\n

I till\u00eb ishte Piri Pasha, i cili e mbuloi disa her\u00eb postin e sanxhakbeut t\u00eb Vlor\u00ebs. M\u00eb 1605, dy djemt\u00eb e tij, Ali Pasha dhe Osman Pasha ishin respektivisht sanxhakbe i Vlor\u00ebs dhe sanxhakbe i Delvin\u00ebs dhe i Paramithis\u00eb. Por, mes dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve, edhe kancelerit\u00eb e huaja e njihnin supremacin\u00eb e Ali Pash\u00ebs n\u00eb raport me t\u00eb v\u00ebllain, sanxhakbeun e Delvin\u00ebs, dhe me sanxhakbejler\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut. N\u00eb fakt, e konsideronin at\u00eb \u201ckomandant t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha atyre trevave\u201d (generale di tutti questi contorni). Krahu i djatht\u00eb i sanxhakbeut ishte qehajai, q\u00eb q\u00ebndronte gjithnj\u00eb pran\u00eb tij. Sanxhakbejler\u00ebt e Delvin\u00ebs i qeverisnin qytetet e krahinat n\u00ebn zot\u00ebrimin e tyre me an\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebk\u00ebmb\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre, q\u00eb quheshin vojvod\u00eb. T\u00eb till\u00eb kishte n\u00eb Mazarak, Marg\u00eblli\u00e7, Paramithi, Frar (Fanar). Nj\u00eb vend me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi n\u00eb jerarkin\u00eb osmane t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb kishte emini i Bastias (Sajadh\u00ebs), i cili kontrollonte trafikun e madh t\u00eb mallrave q\u00eb l\u00ebviznin nga ajo skel\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

(Vijon<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Nes\u00ebr do t\u00eb lexoni:
\n– Procesi i islamizimit n\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri dhe reagimet e fuqive per\u00ebndimore
\n– Humbja e autoritetit t\u00eb Sulltanit dhe forcimi i pushtetit t\u00eb krer\u00ebve vendas
\n– Dy misionet e murgut Kozma nga Etolia midis viteve 1767-1779 n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Poshtme<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dita – Prof. P\u00ebllumb Xhufi, 8 korrik 2016 (Vijon nga numri i kaluar) Ndryshe nga paraardh\u00ebsi i tij fam\u00ebkeq, despoti Esau u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb vendoste marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira me shqiptar\u00ebt e qytetit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs dhe me shqiptar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb rrethinave. Por konfliktet me despotin Shpata nuk u shuan, dhe k\u00ebtyre iu shtuan edhe ato […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7AM\u00cbRIA: R\u00ebnia n\u00ebn sundimin osman dhe islamizimi (III) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/cameria-renia-nen-sundimin-osman-dhe-islamizimi-iii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7AM\u00cbRIA: R\u00ebnia n\u00ebn sundimin osman dhe islamizimi (III) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dita – Prof. P\u00ebllumb Xhufi, 8 korrik 2016 (Vijon nga numri i kaluar) Ndryshe nga paraardh\u00ebsi i tij fam\u00ebkeq, despoti Esau u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb vendoste marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb mira me shqiptar\u00ebt e qytetit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs dhe me shqiptar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb rrethinave. 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