{"id":46195,"date":"2019-10-25T10:19:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-25T08:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=46195"},"modified":"2019-10-25T10:52:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-25T08:52:20","slug":"modeli-si-shkenca-sheron-semundjet-e-renda-sociale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/modeli-si-shkenca-sheron-semundjet-e-renda-sociale\/","title":{"rendered":"Modeli, si shkenca sh\u00ebron s\u00ebmundjet e r\u00ebnda sociale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Arben Malaj<\/strong>, Gazeta Telegraf<\/a> – 21 tetor 2019<\/em>
\nLektor i Ekonomiksit t\u00eb Zhvillimit<\/em><\/p>\n

Nobelist\u00ebt n\u00eb ekonomi 2019<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb qeverisur mir\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb kesh turp nga varf\u00ebria. N\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb qeverisur keq, duhet t\u00eb kesh turp nga pasuria\u201d. Confuci<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lufta kund\u00ebr varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pabarazis\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe as e shkurt\u00ebr. Si nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb sa individuale deri globale ajo nuk mund t\u00eb fitohet pa nj\u00eb angazhim t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar sa individual, familjar, komb\u00ebtar po aq edhe global. Politikat publike pro aktive me theks parandalues kan\u00eb kontribut p\u00ebrcaktues. Bazuar n\u00eb indeksin e zhvillimit njer\u00ebzor (HDI) ka arritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb nxjerrjen nga varf\u00ebria ekstreme e qindra milion njer\u00ebzve, n\u00eb rritjen e jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsis\u00eb, n\u00eb aksesin dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb arsimin e detyruesh\u00ebm dhe sh\u00ebrbimin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, sot varf\u00ebria ekstreme \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt historik. N\u00eb 1990, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 33% njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb bot\u00eb ose rreth 2 miliard jetonin n\u00eb varf\u00ebri ekstreme me 1,90 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb ose m\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 2015 varf\u00ebria ekstreme zbriti n\u00eb 10 p\u00ebr qind. Gjat\u00eb 30 viteve, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz i shp\u00ebtuan varf\u00ebris\u00eb ekstreme. Gjysma e vendeve e kan\u00eb ulur varf\u00ebrin\u00eb ekstreme n\u00ebn 3 p\u00ebr qind. Por sfidat n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr varf\u00ebris\u00eb, sfidat p\u00ebr ta nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e varf\u00ebris\u00eb nga prind\u00ebrit tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, sfidat q\u00eb me politika publike aktive ta ngushtojm\u00eb hendekun e varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe ta reduktojm\u00eb varf\u00ebrin\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm materiale, do t\u00eb na shoq\u00ebrojn\u00eb gjat\u00eb ose shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Kjo bazohet edhe n\u00eb disa fakte trondit\u00ebse t\u00eb publikuara nga Oxfam.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb konkretisht; (i) Gjat\u00eb dhjet\u00eb viteve t\u00eb post-kriz\u00ebs globale 2008-2018, pasuria e t\u00eb pasurve \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 2.5 miliard dollar\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb; (ii) 26 njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb bot\u00eb kan\u00eb pasuri sa 3.8 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb bot\u00eb; (iii) n\u00eb \u00e7do dy dit\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb miliarder, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb varf\u00ebri ekstreme ka m\u00eb pak se 5.5 dollar\u00eb\/dit\u00eb; (iv) vet\u00ebm 4 cent n\u00eb 1 dollar\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kontributi i t\u00eb pasurve n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat e buxheteve, nd\u00ebrsa 10% e m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve n\u00eb bot\u00eb paguajn\u00eb proporcionalisht me t\u00eb ardhurat m\u00eb shum\u00eb taksa se 10% e m\u00eb t\u00eb pasurve n\u00eb bot\u00eb; (v) mungesa e barazis\u00eb se mund\u00ebsive \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi kryesor i rritjes s\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pabarazis\u00eb, 262 milion f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb dot n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kenia \u00e7do vajz\u00eb nga nj\u00eb familje e varf\u00ebr ka vet\u00ebm 0.4 p\u00ebr qind mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr te vazhduar studimet universitare; (vi) rreth 10.000 f\u00ebmij\u00eb vdesin \u00e7do dite p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mos pasjes akses n\u00eb kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor\u00eb; (vii) diskriminimi gjinor mbetet nj\u00eb pengese reale p\u00ebr reduktimin e varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pabarazis\u00eb. Studimet tregojn\u00eb se rruga m\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprerjen e trash\u00ebgimit t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb brez pas brezi \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb – arsimimi dhe edukimin i n\u00ebnave. Promovimi i grave \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, shp\u00ebrblimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb diskriminues, inspirimi i tyre n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb varfra \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sfide jo vet\u00ebm personale. Meshkujt drejtojn\u00eb rreth 86% te korporatave, nd\u00ebrsa puna e papaguar e grave n\u00eb nivel global llogaritet 43 trilion dollar\u00eb ose 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se t\u00eb ardhurat vjetore t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb Apple.<\/p>\n

Sipas studiuesve sh\u00ebrbimet bazike publike po vuajn\u00eb nga mungesa kronike e burimeve te financimit, edhe sepse kur qeverit\u00eb taksojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb pasurit reduktohen burimet e financimit t\u00eb arsimit, sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, mbrojtjes se ambientit dhe mbrojtjes sociale, duke ushqyer rritjen e pabarazis\u00eb dhe varf\u00ebris\u00eb. N\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb varfra, nj\u00eb arsimim i mir\u00eb ose nj\u00eb kujdes sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor cil\u00ebsor \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb luks vet\u00ebm i t\u00eb pasurve. Nobelist\u00ebt \u201cu vler\u00ebsuan, sepse p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, eksperimentet n\u00eb terren jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb metoda standarde p\u00ebr zhvillimin e ekonomis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat hulumtojn\u00eb efektet e masave p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar varf\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/em>\u201d Gjetjet e tyre shkencore nga realiteti kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e politik-b\u00ebrjes. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb thelb kontributi i \u00e7muar i novelist\u00ebve n\u00eb ekonomi p\u00ebr vitin 2019.<\/p>\n

Ndikim pozitiv kan\u00eb nobelist\u00ebt edhe n\u00eb promovimin e politikave publike parandaluese p\u00ebr kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet subvencione si edhe politikave mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse p\u00ebr zhvillimin rural dhe mikrokredin\u00eb Ata u vler\u00ebsuan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyre t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb: \u201cp\u00ebr rolin e tyre n\u00eb shkurtimin e pyetjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha rreth varf\u00ebris\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrqendrimin \u2013 n\u00eb pyetjet e vogla e t\u00eb menaxhueshme.<\/em>\u201d Nobelisti Kremer n\u00eb 1990 u zhvendos larg auditor\u00ebve te Harvardit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin n\u00eb arsim, duke zhvilluar nj\u00eb num\u00ebr eksperimentesh n\u00eb terren n\u00eb Kenian Per\u00ebndimore. Koleg\u00ebt Banerjee dhe Duflo m\u00eb von\u00eb kryen studime t\u00eb ngjashme, duke nd\u00ebrtuar metoda t\u00eb reja hulumtimit p\u00ebr ekonomiksin e zhvillimit. Nga gjetjet dhe rekomandimet e tyre bazuar n\u00eb rezultate pozitiv\u00eb konkrete e t\u00eb prekshme n\u00eb arsimimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Indi p\u00ebrfituan m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5 milion f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Kontributi i tyre qart\u00ebsohet edhe n\u00eb gjetjet shkencore se \u201cdallime t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb \u00e7mime, mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb ndryshme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb kujdesin parandalues<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kremer zbuloi se 75 p\u00ebr qind e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb varf\u00ebr do t\u2019u jepnin f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre pilula p\u00ebr infeksione parazitare n\u00ebse ila\u00e7et ishin falas, krahasuar me vet\u00ebm 18 p\u00ebr qind, kur ila\u00e7i kushtonte m\u00eb pak se 1 $. Kjo gjetje shkencore ndikoi politik-b\u00ebrjen p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin mjek\u00ebsor\u00eb parandalues. OBSH rekomandoi q\u00eb \u201cila\u00e7et t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndaheshin pa kosto p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 800 milion\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb zonat ku m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20% e tyre ishin t\u00eb prekur nga infeksione parazitare<\/em>\u201d. Bazuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjetje shkencore, shum\u00eb vende p\u00ebrfshi edhe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuan politikat publike parandaluese n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e kujdesit t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit. Suksesi do t\u00eb varet nga rritja e nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimit publik, nga rritja e pjes\u00ebmarrjes aktive e individ\u00ebve, familjeve dhe komuniteteve, nga rritja e vullnetarizmit dhe solidaritetit social. Pa rritur dhe leht\u00ebsuar barazin\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive dhe efikasitetin maksimal t\u00eb \u00e7do qindarka t\u00eb taksapaguesve, q\u00eb me m\u00eb pak shpenzime t\u00eb arrihen m\u00eb shum\u00eb rezultate konkrete kund\u00ebr pabarazis\u00eb dhe varf\u00ebris\u00eb, suksesi do t\u00eb mbetet i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Modeli frym\u00ebzues i tre nobelist\u00ebve t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb 2019, mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr ne!<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n