{"id":5000,"date":"2016-07-24T08:49:36","date_gmt":"2016-07-24T07:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=5000"},"modified":"2018-03-24T12:13:11","modified_gmt":"2018-03-24T11:13:11","slug":"fantazmat-otomane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fantazmat-otomane\/","title":{"rendered":"Fantazmat Otomane"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga: Ayhan \u00d6zer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shqip\u00ebruar: Aulona Bushi Capaj<\/strong>, 22 korrik 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

(Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb Turk. I graduar n\u00eb Stamboll dhe ka emigruar q\u00eb ne 1971 n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb. Bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb shoqen, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e shum\u00eb prej organizatave q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejne p\u00ebr komunitetin turko-amerikan n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Mora pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Princeton p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e jashtme t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb nga Ahmet Davutoglu<\/em>. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ai ende nuk ishte em\u00ebruar Minist\u00ebr i Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme, ishte nj\u00eb qytetar i thjesht\u00eb. N\u00eb fjal\u00ebn e tij Z. Davutoglu t\u00ebrthorazi tha se \u201cqeveria turke ishte duke menduar p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb ringjallur Otomanizmin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikrijuar “lavdin\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr” t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. Paraprakisht po “provohen uj\u00ebrat” n\u00eb Ballkan p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur dhe t\u00eb ri-lidhur me njer\u00ebzit e shteteve t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb varura, q\u00eb dikur ishin pjes\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb dhe rezultuan premtuese. Kultura Osmane dhe traditat n\u00eb Ballkan ishin t\u00eb mbuluara me hi, por ende t\u00eb pad\u00ebmtuara<\/em>\u201d-shtoi ai.<\/p>\n

D\u00ebgjova fjal\u00ebt e zotit Davutoglu me mosbesim. Ai duket se nuk ka pasur mir\u00ebkuptimin e historis\u00eb dhe ishte iracional rreth saj. Osman\u00ebt nuk krijuan ndonj\u00eb kultur\u00eb t\u00eb tyre si mund ata t\u00eb linin ndonj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb kulturore n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera? Osman\u00ebt nuk donin m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e tyre (t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs), ata p\u00eblqenin \u00e7do gj\u00eb t\u00eb huaj, ata kishin nj\u00eb kompleks inferioriteti t\u00eb thell\u00eb. N\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar di\u00e7ka t\u00eb tyre, Osman\u00ebt \u00e7do gj\u00eb e kopjuan nga t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt; ata mor\u00ebn fen\u00eb nga Arab\u00ebt, talleshin me gjuh\u00ebn e tyre turke, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje n\u00eb Arabisht dhe Persisht, sistemi administrativ ishte huazuar nga Pers\u00ebt, e ashtuquajtura muzik\u00eb e oborrit (apo klasike) ishte p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar nga Bizantin\u00ebt; dhe traditat m\u00eb posht\u00ebruese si Haremi dhe skllav\u00ebrimin e grave e kishin adoptuar nga Beduinet Arab\u00eb. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr ishte nj\u00eb imitim i dob\u00ebt i per\u00ebndimit.<\/p>\n

Osman\u00ebt sunduan Ballkanin, Bosnje-Hercegovin, Hungari, Bullgari, Shqip\u00ebri, Greqi dhe Rumani p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se kat\u00ebr shekuj dhe trash\u00ebgimia e varf\u00ebr e jetes\u00ebs nga kjo periudh\u00eb e gjat\u00eb jan\u00eb disa fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thyera Truke, disa en\u00eb Turke, dhe disa zakone Islamike; pa trash\u00ebgimi kulturore, pa sistem qeveritar; pra, kjo mani e re p\u00ebr t\u00eb ringjallur Otomanizmin \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht idiotike dhe nj\u00eb aventuriz\u00ebm i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm; ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e barazvlershme me fshirje nga progresi, q\u00eb Republika Turke ka arritur gjat\u00eb 80 viteve t\u00eb fundit. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu duke ngritur flamurin e gjelb\u00ebr t\u00eb Islamit kund\u00ebr Rilindjes s\u00eb Ataturkut, i cili sh\u00ebmbi muret e prapambetjes dhe i dha kombit nj\u00eb identitet t\u00eb ri, vet\u00eb-respekt dhe dinjitet.<\/p>\n

Fal\u00eb k\u00ebtij ndir\u00e7imi, Kombi Turk k\u00ebrceu nga Epoka e Mesme n\u00eb Epok\u00ebn Moderne me nj\u00eb hedhje kozmike. Gjat\u00eb gjasht\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb sundimit, Osman\u00ebt skllav\u00ebruan popullin e tyre, dhe nuk u dhan\u00eb asgj\u00eb, por mjerim, injoranc\u00eb dhe varf\u00ebri. Minoritetet, duke qen\u00eb jo-muslimane, ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb shkolluar dhe nuk mund t\u00eb duronin dot m\u00eb at\u00eb, dhe nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb ata u rebeluan dhe u ndan\u00eb. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe turke \u00a0(pra te turqizuarit) ishin servila dhe t\u00eb paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar fatin e tyre – deri sa erdhi Ataturku. Sot, avokat\u00ebt e Otomanizmit duhet t\u00eb vuajn\u00eb duke mos pasur studiuar historin\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, ose ata jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb me fantazi; cilido rast \u00ebsht\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Shekujt 16 dhe 17 ishin nj\u00eb agim i ri p\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimin; kishin arritur Rilindjen dhe Reform\u00ebn, dhe me k\u00ebt\u00eb vrull kishin hedhur themelet e Iluminizmit. Avancimet teknologjike dhan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe Per\u00ebndimit n\u00eb \u00e7do fush\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb teknik\u00ebn luftarake. Nd\u00ebrsa Osman\u00ebt ende mb\u00ebshteshin n\u00eb forc\u00ebn e pap\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, Per\u00ebndimi shpiku arm\u00eb t\u00eb reja dhe metoda t\u00eb reja t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitjes. Ushtrit\u00eb Osmane, dikur t\u00eb pamposhtura, filluan duke humbur shumic\u00ebn e luft\u00ebrave q\u00eb ata angazhoheshin. N\u00eb shekullin e shtat\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, nj\u00eb luft\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb Osman\u00ebt humb\u00ebn ishte me rrethimin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs (1683). Ky shpartallim \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb nga Per\u00ebndimi si pik\u00eb pushimi n\u00eb magjin\u00eb Osmane.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shekujt XVIII dhe XIX, Osman\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb bezdissh\u00ebm dhe \u00e7oroditje p\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimin. Ata i referoheshin si “Njeriu i S\u00ebmur\u00eb i Evrop\u00ebs<\/em>“. Slogane si “Turqit ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzim!<\/em>” dhe “Nuk rritet bar n\u00ebn thundrat e kalit t\u00eb Turqve!<\/em>“, ishin d\u00ebshmit\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb imazh negativ. Perandoria ishte e dob\u00ebt dhe nuk mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte m\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebt e veta, Britanik\u00ebt dhe Francez\u00ebt e p\u00ebrkrahnin at\u00eb p\u00ebr interesat e tyre. Britanik\u00ebt i p\u00ebrdornin Osman\u00ebt si nj\u00eb gur shahu kund\u00ebr politik\u00ebs zgjeruese t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb, duke bllokuar at\u00eb t\u00eb arrinte detet e ngrohta dhe parandalimin e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb prishur interesat Britanike n\u00eb Indi.<\/p>\n

Francez\u00ebt g\u00ebzonin l\u00ebshime fitimprur\u00ebse tregtare t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga Sulltan\u00ebt Osman\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Kapitullimeve (ne ishim nje prej tyre<\/em>). N\u00ebse Perandoria Osmane sh\u00ebmbej ata mund t\u00eb humbisnin nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb madh dhe fitimprur\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye Britanik\u00ebt dhe Francez\u00ebt ruajt\u00ebn status quo-n\u00eb (gj\u00ebndjen ekzituese) duke mbajtur Osman\u00ebt e sakatuar gjall\u00eb, edhe pse me paterica. Gjerman\u00ebt, t\u00eb ardhur von\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konflikt, llogarit\u00ebn se r\u00ebnia e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane ishte e pashmangshme, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb aksionet e tyre t\u00eb pla\u00e7k\u00ebs nga kjo r\u00ebnie ata zgjodh\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb afruar veten p\u00ebr pakicat turke, sidomos Armen\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1875 Perandoria Osmane falimentoi. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb korrupsionit, injoranc\u00ebs dhe harxhimeve t\u00eb shkaktuara nga borxhe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb Angli, Franc\u00eb dhe Itali<\/strong>. Ajo nuk kishte t\u00eb nxirrte t\u00eb ardhura nga prodhimi; prandaj, nuk kishte burime p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar k\u00ebto para mbrapa. Pas k\u00ebsaj, kreditor\u00ebt themeluan nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur “Administrimi Publik i Borxhit Osman” (n\u00eb turqisht, Duyun-u Umumiye) p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur borxhin. T\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb ardhurat nga sh\u00ebrbimi postar, doganat, krip\u00eb dhe monopoleve t\u00eb duhanit, taksat e pullave, taksat p\u00ebr peshk, shpirtrat, m\u00ebndafshi, mineralet, dhe lajthit\u00eb iu dor\u00ebzuan Administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb borxhit, q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin p\u00ebr likuidimin e borxhit. Perandoria Osmane nuk ishte m\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet sovran. Vendi po p\u00ebrp\u00eblitej n\u00eb varf\u00ebri t\u00eb skajshme dhe kushtet e k\u00ebqia. Mjerisht, k\u00ebto kushte posht\u00ebruese ishin p\u00ebrtej shtr\u00ebngimit t\u00eb publikut t\u00eb gjer\u00eb; ata ishin braktisur t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga Sulltani, q\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb larg nga realiteti; ata ishin t\u00eb varf\u00ebr, t\u00eb lodhur dhe t\u00eb paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb mbi ta.<\/p>\n

Regjimi Osman ishte nj\u00eb monarki kock\u00eb e l\u00ebkur\u00eb, e organizuar p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vij\u00ebs fetare, pa asnj\u00eb hierarki laike. Sulltan\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur dhimbshurisht nga bota reale dhe nga populli i tyre. Shumica e 26 sulltan\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit ishin t\u00eb paaft\u00eb, t\u00eb \u00e7mendur ose t\u00eb \u00e7’rregullt. Shum\u00eb prej tyre mbaheshin n\u00eb kafaz p\u00ebr vite, p\u00ebr t’i parandaluar ata p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar fronin, mbaheshin mbyllur me vajza t\u00eb bukura t\u00eb haremit, ver\u00eb dhe opium, nuk kishin absolutisht asnj\u00eb kontakt me bot\u00ebn e jashtme. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, papritur dhe plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb pap\u00ebrgatitur nga intrigat e Pallatit i vinin ata n\u00eb fron. Vendi ishte l\u00ebn\u00eb pas dore, arsimi ishte dogmatik; nuk kishte sistem t\u00eb strukturuar komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb arsimit laik.<\/p>\n

Bujq\u00ebsia ishte primitive; infrastruktura, spitale, kanalizime, dhe rrug\u00ebt nuk ekzistonin. Pakicat e Krishtera, Grek\u00ebt, Armen\u00ebt, si dhe Hebrenjt\u00eb u paraqit\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se shumica e Turqve, pasi shkollat e tyre fetare i edukonin ata m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra laike. Pakicat kishin parashikuar m\u00eb her\u00ebt se vendi ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb kurs t\u00eb pashpres\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr veten e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb rezistuar ata filluan investuan shpresat n\u00eb vendet e huaja. Misionar\u00ebt Amerikan\u00eb, Britanik\u00eb, Francez\u00eb dhe Gjerman\u00eb mbush\u00ebn vendin, duke ndihmuar pakicat e Krishtera duke hapur shkolla dhe jetimore, dhe ofruar p\u00ebrgatitje profesionale dhe sh\u00ebrbime sociale. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto dhan\u00eb rezultat. S\u00eb shpejti pothuajse gjith\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi civil osman, financave, bankave, tregtis\u00eb, artizanatit ishin n\u00eb duart e pakicave. Duke qen\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Turqve me shumic\u00eb q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pa shkolluar ishte nj\u00eb plus i madh; n\u00ebn ndikimin e Islamit ata ishin t\u00eb pafuqish\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb humbur.<\/p>\n

Me tradit\u00ebn dhe kultur\u00ebn e gabuar Turqit p\u00ebrbuznin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin-lek\u00eb, dhe i shikonin pakicat si inferiore dhe thirrjeve se ata ishin duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb begat\u00eb me shpjet\u00ebsi. N\u00eb tradit\u00ebn Osmane nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs i qeveris\u00eb, ishte dembel, joproduktiv, por i\u00a0sigurt, si nj\u00eb n\u00ebpun\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion t\u00eb err\u00ebt. Nd\u00ebrsa pakicat ishin p\u00ebrshtatur me m\u00ebnyrat moderne, t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb Turq ishin n\u00ebn ndikimin e kurseve kuranore, q\u00eb m\u00ebsonin n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn arabe nga mullah\u00ebt. Imagjinoni, makina e shtypit erdhi n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Osmane n\u00eb 1727, treqind vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb se ajo kishte qen\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb – n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb konvertuari Hungarez! Ngaq\u00eb institucioni fetar e kishte kund\u00ebrshtuar at\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye se Dor\u00ebshkrimi i Shenjt\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb i shtypur nga nj\u00eb shpikje infidele, e cila do ta b\u00ebnte at\u00eb t\u00eb pabes\u00eb! Treqind vjet \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb e gjat\u00eb, n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se e v\u00ebm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb, Shtetet e Bashkuara nuk jan\u00eb 300 vje\u00e7 ende.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb 622 viteve t\u00eb dinastis\u00eb Osmane mbret\u00ebruan 36 sulltan\u00eb. Dhjet\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebt prej tyre (1330-1566) ishin sundimtar\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00eb. Nuk kishte asnj\u00eb ndikim Haremi ende. Tradicionalisht, trash\u00ebgimtari i ardhsh\u00ebm i fronit ishte i arsimuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rigoroze dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar si t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb guvernator gjysm\u00eb i pavarur. Nuk kishte asnj\u00eb praktik\u00eb me kafaz t\u00eb mbyllur dhe t\u00eb sekuestronin udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin e ardhsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb koh\u00eb vet\u00ebk\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia e vendosur dhe kjo tradit\u00eb degjeneroi. Haremi u b\u00eb shum\u00eb i ndikuesht\u00ebm, me nj\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeshme. Disa nga grat\u00eb ushtronin fuqi t\u00eb madhe. Sulltan\u00ebt ishin kokat, shqet\u00ebsimi i tyre i vet\u00ebm ishte p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar pasardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse sulltani kishte nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar nga nj\u00eb konkubin\u00eb, f\u00ebmija mbytej menj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar \u00e7do pretendim n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen p\u00ebr fronin. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat m\u00eb t\u00eb mbajtura me kujdes n\u00eb Perandori, ishin ato q\u00eb mbaheshin nga Kryeshefi i Eunukve (K\u0131zlara\u011fas\u0131). \u00c7far\u00eb dite sulltani flinte me k\u00eb, dhe cili ishte cikli menstrual i k\u00ebsaj gruaje? T\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar pretendimet e ardhshme n\u00eb fron. Shefi i Eunukve ishte personi i tret\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb Pallat pas Sulltanit dhe Grand Vezirit<\/strong>, i paraprinte t\u00eb gjitha postimet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme qeveritare dhe komandant\u00ebve ushtarak\u00eb t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb dhe Marin\u00ebs. E till\u00eb ka qen\u00eb struktura e qeveris\u00eb Osmane. Nj\u00eb Eunuk i Zi, Shef i cili organizonte trafikun e dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb Sulltanit ushtronte fuqi t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n

Haremi ishte nj\u00eb institucion \u00e7’njer\u00ebzor, q\u00eb kultura ka prodhuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Ai vrau shpirtin e femrave dhe grabiti ato nga dinjiteti i tyre. M\u00ebrzia, monotonia dhe pafuqia i ktheu t\u00eb burgosurit e Haremit n\u00eb narkoman\u00eb. Grat\u00eb nuk kishin pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb, ku t\u00eb shkonin, ve\u00e7 q\u00eb t\u00eb angazhonin me veten e tyre, pa arsim, dhe asnj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri me meshkuj. Jeta e tyre p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga thashethemet apo komplotet di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar favore. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet Lesbiane ishin t\u00eb zakonshme. Lufta e eg\u00ebr p\u00ebr fuqi, intrig\u00eb dhe rivalitet mes konkubinave b\u00ebnte dinamik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirshme n\u00eb Harem. Grat\u00eb q\u00eb kapeshin t\u00eb tradh\u00ebtonin, shpifnin, ose komplotonin iu n\u00ebnshtruan nj\u00eb vdekje tragjike; ato mbyteshin dhe hidheshin n\u00eb det n\u00eb nj\u00eb cop\u00eb thes t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, ose helmuar.<\/p>\n

Osman\u00ebt nuk prodhuan ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb. T\u00eb ardhurat e thesarit nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nga puna dhe industria e popullit t\u00eb saj, por nga hara\u00e7et e mbledhura; por edhe ato ishin konsumuar nga sulltan\u00ebt p\u00ebr shpenzimet e Haremeve, si dhe zem\u00ebrgjer\u00ebsia bujare p\u00ebr majtas e djathtas, apo t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb xhamive p\u00ebr t\u00eb mashtruar publikun. Qeveritar\u00ebt t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin caktuar nga ana e sulltan\u00ebve p\u00ebr poste vart\u00ebse ishin t\u00eb korruptuar. Ata administronin territoret e tyre si \u00e7ifligjet e tyre. Ata kishin zbarkuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto poste duke paguar ryshfete sulltanit, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ata duhej t\u00eb mblidhnin k\u00ebto para me shpejt\u00ebsi, duke pla\u00e7kitur popullsin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Korrupsioni, abuzimi, prapambetja dhe ngacmimet seksuale ishin vulat e Osman\u00ebve, dhe t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto krijuan pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi t\u00eb thella n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e kontribuesve. Ata zienin me zem\u00ebrim p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzim t\u00eb pashpirt, neglizhenc\u00ebs dhe shtypjes q\u00eb i b\u00ebnte objekt. Osman\u00ebt ishin drit\u00ebshkurt\u00ebr dhe pa arsye, por armiqt\u00eb q\u00eb kishin krijuar kishin vizione t\u00eb gjata. Edhe sot, Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrethuar me shtete q\u00eb ushqehen me nj\u00eb armiq\u00ebsi t\u00eb rr\u00ebnjosur n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi keqe e Osman\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Revolucioni Francez i vitit 1789 ndezi nj\u00eb flak\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb liris\u00eb dhe nacionalizmit, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshiu Europ\u00ebn si nj\u00eb fur\u00e7\u00eb zjarri. K\u00ebto koncepte ishin t\u00eb huaja p\u00ebr Osman\u00ebt. Vendi ishte n\u00ebn kontrollin e fanatizmit fetar, dhe nuk ishte nj\u00eb komb n\u00eb kuptimin modern, por ishte nj\u00eb “ummah”, me nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb fetare. Nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb shtetet vasale n\u00ebn sundimin Osman u zgjuan dhe filluan t\u00eb revoltoheshin. S\u00eb pari Greqia n\u00eb 1820, pastaj n\u00eb 1876 Rumania, Bullgaria, Bosnje-Hercegovina luftuan p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi. N\u00eb vend, pakica Armene u b\u00ebn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim dhe ata rebelonin vazhdimisht. S\u00eb fundi, n\u00eb vitin 1917 Arab\u00ebt u revoltuan. Sulltani dhe klika e tij qen\u00eb t\u00eb paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u marr\u00eb me k\u00ebto fatkeq\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Osman\u00ebt ishin jo-popullore n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb, ata nuk kishin miq. “Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha” i abuzuan dhe p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn ata. Edhe Arab\u00ebt, bashk\u00ebfetar\u00ebt e tyre, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb armiq\u00ebsore dhe ndikuan nga af\u00ebr p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pengim. Grek\u00ebt dhe Armen\u00ebt, si t\u00eb krishter\u00eb mor\u00ebn simpati t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme dhe ndihm\u00eb nga Per\u00ebndimi kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve. N\u00eb rastin e Greqis\u00eb, Lord Bajroni, poetit t\u00eb njohur britanik nguliti n\u00eb vendlindje gjendjen e grek\u00ebve n\u00ebn zgjedh\u00ebn e “barbare” t\u00eb Turqve Mysliman\u00eb. Ai b\u00ebri fushat\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Greke; Paraqitja e tij ishte “Greqia na dha demokracin\u00eb dhe qytet\u00ebrimin per\u00ebndimor; si mund t\u00eb injorojm\u00eb aspiratat e tyre p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi dhe luft\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr liri nga turqit brutal\u00eb. “N\u00eb funksion t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre fatkeq\u00ebsive Osmane Sulltan Resat (1909-1918) n\u00eb nj\u00eb shpres\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar b\u00ebri thirrje vendeve myslimane?; dhe m\u00eb 11 n\u00ebntor 1914 shpall Xhihadin kund\u00ebr Aleat\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ai u b\u00ebri thirrje musliman\u00ebve n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn t\u00eb ngriheshin dhe luftonin p\u00ebr kauz\u00ebn Islame n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Osman\u00ebve! Mjerisht, asnj\u00eb vend Mysliman nuk iu p\u00ebrgjigj thirrjes s\u00eb tij. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb, Britanik\u00ebt p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn musliman\u00ebt Indiane n\u00eb Galipoli, Francez\u00ebt p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn musliman\u00ebt Senegalez n\u00eb Adana, Urfa dhe n\u00eb Galipoli, dhe Rusia p\u00ebrdori Tartar\u00ebt Mysliman\u00eb n\u00eb Frontin Lindor kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve. N\u00eb vitin 1917 Arab\u00ebt mysliman\u00eb tradh\u00ebtuan Turqit n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Britanik\u00ebt. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysje t\u00eb fundit Sultan Vahdettin (Mehmet VI), tradhtari i fundit, dhe shpura e tij u larguan nga vendi m\u00eb 17 n\u00ebntor 1922, duke hipur n\u00eb nj\u00eb luftanije Britanike q\u00eb shkonte p\u00ebr n\u00eb Malt\u00eb. Vendi u mund, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim ajo ishte \u00e7lirimi nga nj\u00eb mallkim q\u00eb zgjati p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb shekuj. Nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha shtetet e vasale dhe minoritetet u \u00e7liruan prej Osman\u00ebve, e fundit ishte pjesa m\u00eb e madhe Turke.<\/p>\n

Dinastia Osmane ishte nj\u00eb rac\u00eb e korruptuar e cila neveriti n\u00ebnshtetasit e vet\u00eb, dhe i grabiti ata nga t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut t\u00eb qytet\u00ebruar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga Per\u00ebndia, t\u00eb drejtat e grave, t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr arsimim dhe t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb gabim monumental p\u00ebr t\u00eb pastruar, rehabilituar e t\u00eb shenjt\u00ebrosh k\u00ebt\u00eb dinasti t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb iluzion t\u00eb pritet ndonj\u00eb e mir\u00eb nga Fantazmat Osmane. Osman\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga moda 200 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb; sot Otomaniz\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb anakroniz\u00ebm.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Projekti p\u00ebr ta kthyer Turqin\u00eb n\u00eb lavdin\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt q\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar Turqin\u00eb, por p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb pushtet vetes si sulltan, Erdogani. \/A\u00c7<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga: Ayhan \u00d6zer Shqip\u00ebruar: Aulona Bushi Capaj, 22 korrik 2016 (Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb Turk. I graduar n\u00eb Stamboll dhe ka emigruar q\u00eb ne 1971 n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb. Bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb shoqen, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e shum\u00eb prej organizatave q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejne p\u00ebr komunitetin turko-amerikan n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn). Mora pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Princeton p\u00ebr […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nFantazmat Otomane - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fantazmat-otomane\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fantazmat Otomane - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nga: Ayhan \u00d6zer Shqip\u00ebruar: Aulona Bushi Capaj, 22 korrik 2016 (Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb Turk. 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I graduar n\u00eb Stamboll dhe ka emigruar q\u00eb ne 1971 n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb. Bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb shoqen, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e shum\u00eb prej organizatave q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejne p\u00ebr komunitetin turko-amerikan n\u00eb mbar\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn). 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