{"id":51095,"date":"2020-02-16T00:04:44","date_gmt":"2020-02-15T23:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=51095"},"modified":"2020-04-12T10:16:37","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T09:16:37","slug":"shkenca-dhe-religjioni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shkenca-dhe-religjioni\/","title":{"rendered":"Shkenca dhe religjioni"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrktheu e p\u00ebrgatiti: Lis Bukuroca<\/a>, Gazeta Express<\/em> – 12.02.2020<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2026astrofizikani Steven Weinberg<\/strong> me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb konsideron shkenc\u00ebn moderne si dhurat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit, q\u00eb i ka dhuruar bot\u00ebs.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur se sa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb arsimuar mir\u00eb ende arrijn\u00eb t’i pajtojn\u00eb konceptet e tyre mbi bot\u00ebn me idet\u00eb pothuajse dy mij\u00eb vje\u00e7are t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb \u00e7oban\u00ebve injorant\u00eb n\u00eb Lindjen e Af\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n

Praktikisht t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb ashtuquajturat religjione t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, vet\u00eb kan\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar se jan\u00eb ideologji fetare, q\u00eb synojn\u00eb pushtetin. Klerik\u00ebt e lidhur me sundimtar\u00eb dhe politikan\u00eb, i instrumentalizojn\u00eb k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet e veta.<\/p>\n

Prof. dr. Edgar Baeger<\/strong>
\nShkenca dhe religjioni<\/strong>
\nShkenca dhe universitetet<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Q\u00ebkur njer\u00ebzit v\u00ebshtrojn\u00eb me vet\u00ebdije bot\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ata jetojn\u00eb, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur ta argumentojn\u00eb dhe shpjegojn\u00eb pse bota \u00ebsht\u00eb ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb; si u krijua ajo; sa do t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb bota; \u00e7far\u00eb roli luan njeriu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb; a mund t\u00eb ndikohet fuqia (ose t\u00eb ndikohen fuqit\u00eb), q\u00eb ata i merrnin me mend si krijues t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj bote dhe si formuesit e fatit t\u00eb tyre; cilat rregulla duhet t\u00eb ndiqen p\u00ebrball\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fuqie (ose disa fuqive) p\u00ebr interesin vetjak; me vdekjen e nj\u00eb njeriu, a \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi p\u00ebrgjithmonsh\u00ebm i k\u00ebtij individi dhe pyetje tjera t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, p\u00ebrgjigjet n\u00eb pyetje si ato ishin pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht prurje t\u00eb fantazis\u00eb dhe imagjinat\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore. Se sa shum\u00eb e frytshme \u00ebsht\u00eb imagjinata njer\u00ebzore, tregon vler\u00ebsimi i nj\u00eb antropologu, sipas t\u00eb cilit, njer\u00ebzimi deri m\u00eb tani ka krijuar rreth 100,000 religjione<\/strong>.1<\/sup> Dhe, kjo ecuri nuk ka p\u00ebrfunduar.<\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, religjionet dhe bot\u00ebkuptimet e reja krijohen vazhdimisht. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb produkte t\u00eb err\u00ebta t\u00eb fantazis\u00eb si UFO-logjia ose Scientology (sajantologjia<\/em>) e Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, si dhe i ashtuquajturit mutacion nga religjionet e m\u00ebdha me origjin\u00eb aziatike, apo Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrt, n\u00eb rastin e fundit, nj\u00eb kopje e krishterimit ose islamit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr k\u00ebsaj pjellorie t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr angazhimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb themeluesve pak a shum\u00eb karizmatik\u00eb t\u00eb religjioneve, t\u00eb prift\u00ebrinjve, profet\u00ebve, teolog\u00ebve, ajatollah\u00ebve, guruve, murgjve, prift\u00ebrinjve magjistar\u00eb, themeluesve t\u00eb sekteve \u2013 me zhvillimin e shkencave natyrore, bot\u00ebkuptimet e reja religjioze, nuk mund m\u00eb t\u00eb krijohen si n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e injoranc\u00ebs s\u00eb dikurshme, me an\u00eb t\u00eb fantazis\u00eb fetare.<\/p>\n

Pyetjet si ajo p\u00ebr krijimin e universit, materies dhe jet\u00ebs, k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, duke u bazuar n\u00eb njohurit\u00eb tona t\u00eb sotshme, q\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb bien n\u00ebn nj\u00eb standard t\u00eb caktuar shkencor. P\u00ebr shembull, kushdo q\u00eb edhe sot pyet se \u00e7far\u00eb ishte para krijimit t\u00eb universit, tregon vet\u00ebm me k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje, se ai nuk ka kuptuar konceptin e “koh\u00ebs”.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet nj\u00eb dat\u00eb e sakt\u00eb e koh\u00ebs ku k\u00ebrkimet shkencore z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan projeksionet naive t\u00eb fantazive njer\u00ebzore. Zhvillimi i shkencave natyrore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i vazhduesh\u00ebm, i cili, megjithat\u00eb, po ec\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara gati me hapa gjigand\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin ton\u00eb. Nj\u00eb moment historik i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zhvillim ishte padyshim shembja e bot\u00ebkuptimit t\u00eb Ptolemeut<\/em> n\u00ebp\u00ebrp\u00ebrmjet vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb Kopernikut<\/em> (1534), Kepler<\/em> (1609) dhe Galileit<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Risia vendimtare nuk ishte fakti q\u00eb befasisht dielli dhe jo m\u00eb toka shihej si qendra e gjith\u00ebsis\u00eb, por se p\u00ebrgjigjet nuk do t\u00eb merren m\u00eb nga interpretimi i “shkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta” nga nj\u00eb kler, i cili ndihej vet\u00ebm ai i thirrur p\u00ebr ato shpjegime.<\/p>\n

Kjo kthes\u00eb ndikoi q\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimi, eksperimenti dhe analiza matematikore t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb vendin e “t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave t\u00eb shpallura t\u00eb religjionit<\/em>.\u201c Kleri i Kish\u00ebs Katolike, gjithnj\u00eb i veshur me instinktin e pushtetit, n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb vler\u00ebsoi sakt\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrezik. P\u00ebr at\u00eb ishte logjike q\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonte k\u00ebt\u00eb zhvillim duke p\u00ebrdorur “ila\u00e7in<\/em>” e tij, vrasjen (si Giordano Bruno<\/em> m\u00eb 17 shkurt 1600) dhe torturat (me t\u00eb cilat u k\u00ebrc\u00ebnua Galileo<\/em>). Duhej t\u00eb ishte e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do klerik, q\u00eb kishte fantazi, se me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e re t\u00eb hulumtimeve shkencore, ep\u00ebrsia dhe hegjemonia e m\u00ebparshme e teologjis\u00eb, do t\u00eb merrte fund.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

Shpresa e klerit p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll mendimin e sapo nisur shkencor, nuk u realizua. Edhe pse shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shkencave natyrore ishin vazhdimisht objekt t\u00eb sulmeve masive nga kisha katolike (psh. Charles Darwin<\/em> ose Siegmund Freud<\/em>), beteja nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fituar.<\/p>\n

Ep\u00ebrsia e t\u00eb menduarit hulumtues, i cili ka kuptuar se dyshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb element thelb\u00ebsor i procesit t\u00eb dijes p\u00ebrball\u00eb pranimit t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb besimit “t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave t\u00eb shpallura<\/em>“, \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i qart\u00eb, sa q\u00eb astrofizikani Steven Weinberg<\/em> me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb konsideron shkenc\u00ebn moderne si dhurat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit, q\u00eb i ka falur bot\u00ebs.3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Koncepti p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn, q\u00eb ofron shkenca moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs, se sa t\u00eb gjitha shpalljet s\u00eb bashku, q\u00eb fantazit\u00eb religjioze kan\u00eb prodhuar deri m\u00eb tani. Prandaj, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr, mund t\u00eb ceket shkarazi vet\u00ebm me disa fjali. Ne, njer\u00ebzit, jemi qenie t\u00eb gjalla n\u00eb nj\u00eb planet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkon nj\u00eb orbit\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb ylli me madh\u00ebsi mesatare dhe shk\u00eblqim mesatar. Ky yll (dielli<\/em>) ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb krah an\u00ebsor t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi yjor spiral (“Rruga e Qum\u00ebshtit<\/em>” ose galaktika), e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga rreth 100 miliard\u00eb yje.<\/p>\n

Diametri i vet\u00ebm i k\u00ebtij sistemi yllor \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i madh, sa drit\u00ebs i duhen 100,000 vjet p\u00ebr ta kap\u00ebrcyer tej p\u00ebr tej<\/strong>. Por galaktika jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00ebra nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i paimagjinuesh\u00ebm i madh i galaktikave, ku secila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga disa miliard\u00eb ose deri n\u00eb disa qindra miliarda yje.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto galaktika largohen nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra, dhe sa m\u00eb larg t\u00eb jen\u00eb nga mes vetes, aq m\u00eb shpejt universi zgjerohet (ekspandim<\/em>). Ky v\u00ebzhgim, i cili u b\u00eb nga astronomi amerikan Edwin Hubble<\/em> n\u00eb vitin 1929, \u00e7on n\u00eb supozimin se n\u00eb retrospektiv\u00eb (rreth 10 deri 20 miliard\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb) e gjith\u00eb materia n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u200b\u200bduhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb e ngjeshur. Dhe se Universi, ka marr\u00eb fill nga nj\u00eb ngjeshm\u00ebri (densitet<\/em>) tep\u00ebr i madh.<\/p>\n

Kjo ngjeshm\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pandashme me nj\u00eb temperatur\u00eb t\u00eb paimagjinueshme t\u00eb universit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin materia nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistonte. Astrofizikan\u00ebt flasin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb univers t\u00eb dominuar nga rrezatimi. Materia formohet pastaj gjat\u00eb ftohjes s\u00eb tij. Nj\u00eb rrezatim i mbetur nga rrezatimi i universit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm q\u00eb kap\u00ebrcen \u00e7do imagjinat\u00eb, mund t\u00eb matet edhe sot. N\u00eb fakt, ky rrezatim u zbulua n\u00eb vitin 1965 nga Arno Penzias<\/em> dhe Robert Wilson<\/em> (fituan \u00c7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr Fizik\u00eb<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrezatim mikroval\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kapet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjitha drejtimet n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, i ashtuquajturi rrezatimi i sfondit kozmik. Zbulimi i tyre siguroi nj\u00eb nga provat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme eksperimentale p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb bot\u00ebrisht e njohur dhe q\u00eb nga astrofizika quhet si “teoria e shp\u00ebrthimit<\/em>\u201c (“Urknall-Theorie<\/em>” Big Bang<\/em>)” ku nis fillin bota. Llogaritjet prapa tregojn\u00eb gjithashtu se gjat\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb materjes nga rrezatimi i gjith\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb zgjerim, vet\u00ebm hidrogjeni<\/em>, deuteriumi<\/em>, heliumi<\/em> dhe disa element\u00eb t\u00eb lehta do t\u00eb ken\u00eb mundur t\u00eb krijohen. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb element\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb u krijuan shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb yjeve n\u00eb krijim e sip\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb shkrirjes n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, q\u00eb ndodhin brenda tyre. (\u2026)<\/p>\n

Po aq mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse sa fenomenet e gjith\u00ebsis\u00eb jan\u00eb pamjet e p\u00ebrfituara mbi mikrokozmosin, d.m.th. nd\u00ebrtimin e materies, lidhjet midis materies dhe energjis\u00eb (t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr kozmologjin\u00eb moderne). Edhe pse shtysat e para n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e atomit mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshmohen n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb greke, i mbeti shkenc\u00ebs moderne t\u00eb sjell\u00eb provat eksperimentale p\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit themelor\u00eb t\u00eb materies. Mir\u00ebpo, u d\u00ebshmua se modelet e dikurshme t\u00eb atomit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb atomike (e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga protonet dhe neutronet) rreth t\u00eb cil\u00ebve “rrotullohen” elektronet, ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta.<\/p>\n

Qart\u00ebsia e tyre, e cila rezultoi nga analogjia me nj\u00eb sistem planetar, humbi kur u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb, se grimcat elementare t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura, p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen edhe nga pjes\u00ebza m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta t\u00eb ashtuquajturat “quarks<\/em>” (grimca subatomike<\/em>). K\u00ebto \u201ekuarke<\/em>\u201c nuk mund t\u00eb ndahen m\u00eb. Se a jan\u00eb ato vet\u00ebm manifestime t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive tjera themelore t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, ndoshta t\u00eb ashtuquajturave “Strings<\/em>“, duhet t\u00eb sqarohet nga studimet e m\u00ebtutjeshme.<\/p>\n

Pra, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se sigurisht nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb e njer\u00ebzve, q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb sot, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr strukturave t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturve religjione t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, sesa bot\u00ebkuptimeve t\u00eb shkencave natyrore. Jo vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb marrjes me mend t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjeve kozmologjike dhe atomfizikale kapitullojn\u00eb shumica e bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsve tan\u00eb, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha, edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar strukturat marramend\u00ebse t\u00eb krijimit tep\u00ebr kompleks, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat materia mund t\u00eb organizohet vet\u00eb. (\u2026)<\/p>\n

Sistemet me kompleksitetin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh mund t\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb natyr\u00eb. Se si u krijua jeta n\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sqaruar.<\/strong> Mir\u00ebpo, shumica e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb shkencave natyrore besojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces natyror, q\u00eb nis kur n\u00eb nj\u00eb planet, presioni, temperatura dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e atmosfer\u00ebs, mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb formimin e molekulave komplekse dhe kur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb e gjat\u00eb kohore p\u00ebr zhvillim. (\u2026)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, asnj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar serioz nuk do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte fuqi mbinatyrore derisa mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr shpjegime fizike t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb shterrur dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, as q\u00eb mund t\u00eb flitet. P\u00ebr zhvillimin e jet\u00ebs n\u00eb Tok\u00eb, krijimin dhe diferencimin e specieve, v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se ka ndonj\u00eb mospajtim. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e provuara nga Darwini<\/em> n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e evolucionit. K\u00ebsaj mund t\u2019i shtohet, – pas zb\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb struktur\u00eb s\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb nga Watson<\/em> dhe Crick<\/em> n\u00eb vitin 1953,- edhe t\u00eb kuptuarit e tejbartjes s\u00eb ndryshimeve, q\u00eb gjenet i d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb n\u00eb brezin e ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

(Natyrisht kjo nuk p\u00ebrjashton politikan\u00ebt provincial\u00eb me formim religjioz, t\u00eb bashkuar me “shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt” e edukuar si ata, edhe sot sa i p\u00ebrket teoris\u00eb s\u00eb evolucionit, t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb beteja si ato q\u00eb \u00e7uan n\u00eb vitin 1925, n\u00eb procesin me fam\u00eb bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb quajtur “procesi i majmun\u00ebve” n\u00eb Nest Dayton, Tenesi<\/em>.4<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

Njeriu q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb viktim\u00eb e shp\u00eblarjes religjioze t\u00eb trurit n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm me konceptet e bot\u00ebs nga shkencat natyrore moderne, nuk mund t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfill\u00eb dijen dhe sigurin\u00eb, se nj\u00eb ur\u00eb midis doktrinave t\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha bashk\u00ebsive religjioze dhe koncepteve shkencore mbi bot\u00ebn, nuk mund m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb hendeku intelektual i ideve q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb zot-krijues, i cili u kushton kaq shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi njer\u00ebzve (objekteve t\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb tij<\/em>) sa ai u d\u00ebrgon mesazhe, llogarit n\u00eb ta dhe kujdeset p\u00ebr veprat e mira dhe t\u00eb liga t\u00eb tyre \u2013 madje ky zot urdh\u00ebron ithtar\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb ndezin luft\u00ebra pushtuese dhe me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e qart\u00eb, n\u00ebse e k\u00ebrkon nevoja, t\u00eb vrasin f\u00ebmij\u00eb, gra dhe pleq.5<\/sup> Konceptet e bot\u00ebs me engj\u00ebj, djaj, profet\u00eb, nj\u00eb “familje e shenjt\u00eb” ose nj\u00eb zot – gjykat\u00ebs i rrept\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebshkues, jan\u00eb projeksione t\u00eb qarta t\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebs (shum\u00eb) njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur se sa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb arsimuar mir\u00eb, ende arrijn\u00eb t\u2018i pajtojn\u00eb konceptet e tyre mbi bot\u00ebn me idet\u00eb pothuajse dy mij\u00eb vje\u00e7are t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb \u00e7oban\u00ebve injorant\u00eb n\u00eb Lindjen e Af\u00ebrt. Parimet e atyre religjioneve mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb korresponduar me dijet e asaj kohe, por sot ato jan\u00eb anakronike<\/strong>. N\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shkencave natyrore kan\u00eb fshir\u00eb tem\u00ebn e religjionit p\u00ebr veten dhe as q\u00eb iu shkon mendja se religjionet, kan\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb na treguar.<\/p>\n

Astrofizikani Steven Weinberg<\/em> shkruan n\u00eb librin e tij t\u00eb ri,6<\/sup> se edhe pse ai njeh disa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb fetar\u00eb, shumica e koleg\u00ebve t\u00eb tij fizikan\u00eb, as q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr religjionin. Librat me tituj si: “Vet\u00eb-organizimi i universit<\/em>“7<\/sup>, “Krijimi pa nj\u00eb krijues<\/em>“8<\/sup>, shkruar nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se ideja e nj\u00eb zoti krijues nuk ka m\u00eb vend n\u00eb konceptin e bot\u00ebs p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shkencave ekzakte.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, religjionet e m\u00ebdha jan\u00eb ende p\u00ebrcaktuese p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit q\u00eb jeton sot. Hierarkit\u00eb q\u00eb i mbajn\u00eb religjionet ende kan\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme dhe ndikim t\u00eb madh politik. Me gjith\u00eb ato studime dhe hulumtime t\u00eb shumta shkencore, ka shum\u00eb arsye pse nuk u zmbraps\u00ebn n\u00eb mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe sajesat religjioze para-shkencore. M\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmet do t\u00eb diskutohen m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

1. Edukimi fetar q\u00eb nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebria e hershme n\u00eb familje<\/strong>, shkoll\u00eb dhe rreth shoq\u00ebror, ndikon q\u00eb edhe te shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb shkencave natyrore, t\u00eb arsimuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyeshme, t\u00eb menduarit kritik t\u00eb fiket n\u00eb \u00e7astin kur \u00e7\u00ebshtjet fetare t\u00eb jen\u00eb tem\u00eb e debatit<\/em>.9<\/sup> (\u2026) Efektiviteti i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i ngulitjes s\u00eb koncepteve p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri, njihet qysh nga lasht\u00ebsia dhe, e kan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar praktikisht jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb gjitha shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb religjioze, por edhe ideologjit\u00eb politike (sidomos n\u00eb diktaturat).<\/p>\n

2. Edhe pse civilizimi i vendeve t\u00eb industrializuara do t\u00eb shembej menj\u00ebher\u00eb pa shkencat natyrore dhe teknik\u00ebn, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb arsimuar mir\u00eb n\u00eb shkencat natyrore. Sot ekziston ende nj\u00eb ideal arsimor i bazuar n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi, muzik\u00eb dhe artet pamore. Kushdo q\u00eb flet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb huaj (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, pak latinisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar arsim me citime t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme) mund t\u00eb flirtoj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb pa frik\u00eb nga humbja e imazhit, duke mos kuptuar gj\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr shkencat natyrore dhe teknologjin\u00eb<\/strong>. Steven W. Hawking<\/em> tallet n\u00eb librin e tij \u201eNj\u00eb Histori e shkurt\u00ebr e koh\u00ebs<\/em>\u201c kur deklaron se, atij i \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se \u00e7do ekuacion n\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr, p\u00ebrgjysmon shitjet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse \u00ebsht\u00eb kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb formul\u00ebn e Ajnshtajnit: E = mc2<\/sup><\/b>.<\/p>\n

3. Nga shumica e njer\u00ebzve, shkencat natyrore p\u00ebrjetohen n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb si nj\u00eb varg l\u00ebnd\u00ebsh<\/strong>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat m\u00ebsohen formulat dhe faktet. P\u00ebr efektet e dijes t\u00eb shkencave natyrore n\u00eb konceptet tona mbi bot\u00ebn e sotshme (q\u00ebllimisht) nuk b\u00ebhet kurr\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Ministrat e kultur\u00ebs t\u00eb orientuar klerikisht dhe burokrat\u00ebt nga ministrit\u00eb e kultur\u00ebs, sigurisht q\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesen, q\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb mos ndryshoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht astronomia<\/strong>, astrofizika<\/strong> dhe kozmologjia<\/strong>, gati nuk trajtohen fare<\/strong>, madje as n\u00eb klasat e larta t\u00eb gjimnazit. K\u00ebshtu, pasi t\u00eb largohen nga shkolla, shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi dhe tep\u00ebr shpejt\u00eb harrojn\u00eb m\u00ebsimet e marra, por jo t\u00eb kuptuara nga shkencat natyrore. Si pasoj\u00eb, ata jan\u00eb viktima t\u00eb lehta t\u00eb \u00e7do marr\u00ebzie religjioze dhe pseudo-shkencore<\/strong>. Raftet e librarive<\/em> mesatare jan\u00eb t\u00eb tejmbushura me libra rreth mistik\u00ebs fetare<\/em>, astrologjis\u00eb<\/em>, ezoterizmit<\/em> dhe sharlatanizmit<\/em> t\u00eb maskuar si shkenc\u00eb popullore t\u00eb nj\u00eb Erich von D\u00e4niken<\/em> (autor zviceran) dhe imituesve t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

4. Shpesh thuhet se religjionet nuk shfaqin mendime, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb bien ndesh me njohurit\u00eb e shkencave natyrore. Se gjoja temat e religjioneve qenkan “pyetjet e kuptimit t\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore<\/em>“, “g\u00ebzimi dhe vuajtja e qen\u00ebsis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore<\/em>“, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha, edhe arsyetimi religjioz i vlerave dhe normave, pa t\u00eb cilat nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzistonte.
\nPor gjendja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e thjesht\u00eb. (\u2026) N\u00ebse, p\u00ebr shembull, me hulumtime shkencore d\u00ebshmohet se ringjallja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fare e mundur<\/strong>, me k\u00ebt\u00eb rr\u00ebzohen shtyllat kryesore t\u00eb shum\u00eb feve t\u00eb Azis\u00eb Lindore.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse njohurit\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs son\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb zoti krijues ose t\u00eb nj\u00eb jete pas vdekjes, e zbresin drejt zeros, at\u00ebher\u00eb shtyllat e religjioneve t\u00eb barinjve t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme (fet\u00eb e krishtera, islamike, hebraike) shemben<\/strong>. Ka arsye t\u00eb mira pse nj\u00eb teolog i zgjuar si Eugen Drewermann<\/em>, duke zhvendosur m\u00ebsimet fetare n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e psikologjis\u00eb s\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe mistik\u00ebs, rrjedhimisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb imazhesh dhe legjendash, q\u00eb ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr interpretim, p\u00ebrpiqet ta heq\u00eb religjionin nga racionalizmi kritik.10<\/sup> (Tragjike p\u00ebr t\u00eb, sepse q\u00ebllimet e tij nuk po kuptohen nga nj\u00eb kish\u00eb zyrtare e orientuar drejt pushtetit<\/em>.)<\/p>\n

5. Edhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e shkencave natyrore kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebnien e fush\u00ebs sistemeve para-shkencore<\/strong>. Indiferenca e shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve ndaj religjionit e pasqyruar aq bukur nga Steven Weinberg<\/em>, tregon se ata zgjidhin problemin p\u00ebr veten, por ia l\u00ebn\u00eb popullsin\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00ebs (obskurantiz\u00ebm).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, bie n\u00eb sy se shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga hap\u00ebsira anglishtfol\u00ebse, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar ndaj nj\u00eb pik\u00ebv\u00ebshtrimi mbi baza shkencore, nd\u00ebrsa shkencat natyrore t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs gjermanishtfol\u00ebse, n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe shmangin \u00e7do lloj trazimi n\u00eb fush\u00ebn religjioze. K\u00ebshtu, lexuesi i interesuar, duhet t’u qaset librave t\u00eb Peter W. Atkins<\/em>, Paul Davies<\/em>, Richard Dawkins<\/em>, Stephen W. Hawking<\/em>, Robert Shapiro<\/em>, Steven Weinberg<\/em>, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se sa p\u00ebrputhen n\u00eb mes vete doktrinat religjioze me konceptet shkencore mbi bot\u00ebn. (Edhe Zigmund Frojd me librin e tij “Moisiu dhe feja monoteiste”, ku p\u00ebrfshihet edhe pjesa “E ardhmja e nj\u00eb iluizioni”, e sqaron psikoanalitikisht prejardhjen e fes\u00eb… \/A\u00c7<\/em>)<\/p>\n

6. Si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb lart\u00eb, ekziston nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, q\u00eb ka sjell\u00eb me vete progresi shkencor, sepse fenomenet themelore t\u00eb makro- si dhe t\u00eb mikrokozmosit jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakapshme p\u00ebr mendjen njer\u00ebzore<\/strong>. Koncepti i nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebkohe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkulur (lakuar) \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2018u shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb imazh, sa nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrim i kuarkeve, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsve themelor t\u00eb supozuar t\u00eb materies\u2026 (\u2026)<\/p>\n

Prandaj, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak befasuese se njer\u00ebzit pa arsimim nga shkencat natyrore, shum\u00eb m\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqen nga tregimet e thjeshta dhe t\u00eb lehta t\u00eb religjioneve. P\u00ebrrallat f\u00ebmij\u00ebrore me mrekulli p\u00ebr ecjen mbi uj\u00eb, ringjalljen e nj\u00eb t\u00eb vdekuri, besohen aq m\u00eb shpejt\u00eb si mrekulli, sa m\u00eb pak q\u00eb arsimimi vetjak t\u2018i aft\u00ebsoj\u00eb ata p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkapur p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht mrekullit\u00eb faktike t\u00eb mikrokozmosit, universit dhe sistemeve pafund\u00ebsisht komplekse t\u00eb jet\u00ebs si t\u00eb tilla<\/em>.<\/p>\n

7. Shum\u00eb, mbase, shumica e njer\u00ebzve sot nuk merren as me shkenc\u00ebn, as me religjionin<\/strong>. Njohuria e tyre p\u00ebr religjionin e vet shum\u00eb shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me njohurit\u00eb e tyre nga shkencat natyrore dhe gjendet krejt\u00ebsisht af\u00ebr zeros.11<\/sup> N\u00eb fakt, ata orientohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb pragmatike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb q\u00eb i rrethon. N\u00ebse kjo shoq\u00ebri dominohet nga religjioni, at\u00ebher\u00eb ata shfaqin nj\u00eb religjioiozitet formal jasht\u00eb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb formuar nga nj\u00eb ideologji tjet\u00ebr (p.sh. si n\u00eb sistemet e dikurshme marksiste-leniniste), at\u00ebher\u00eb ata konvertohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ideologji, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb ajo dominuese. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb ideologji religjioze arrin t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypjen e nj\u00eb institucioni t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm shoq\u00ebror, ajo nuk mund m\u00eb t\u00eb luhatet dhe t\u00eb vihet n\u00eb pyetje me argumente apo edhe me mendime shkencore. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, edhe n\u00eb vendet me arritje t\u00eb larta teknike dhe shkencore, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, mund t\u00eb gjendet nj\u00eb sistem i lul\u00ebzuar fetar dhe i sekteve, por edhe lider\u00eb politik\u00eb, bot\u00ebkuptimi fetar-ideologjik i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve p\u00ebrputhet sakt\u00ebsisht me strukturat e thjeshta t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit t\u00eb votuesve t\u00eb tyre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gjitha arsyeve q\u00eb u shtjelluan, se p\u00ebrparimi shkencor<\/strong> n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm erozioni t\u00eb dy bashk\u00ebsive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha religjioze<\/strong> (mendohet katolike dhe protestante n\u00eb Gjermani LB<\/i>), mund t\u00eb thuhet se gjithnj\u00eb m\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhin konceptet mbi bot\u00ebn me pohimet e “shkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta<\/em>“, t\u00eb para pothuajse dy mij\u00eb viteve. Fakti se nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb \u00e7do qytetar i kat\u00ebrt gjerman nuk i p\u00ebrket m\u00eb asnj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsie religjioze<\/strong>, tok me numrin e madh vjetor t\u00eb daljes nga kisha, (me daljen nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb m\u00eb tatime p\u00ebr kish\u00ebn, LB<\/i>) tregon se ka nisur nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptim dhe pik\u00ebpamje.<\/p>\n

Argumenti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i kishave n\u00eb ankth, \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjoja ato qenkan t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr t\u2019i arsyetuar vlerat morale dhe p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie kulturore. K\u00ebto duhet t\u00eb refuzohen duke pasur parasysh historin\u00eb e kish\u00ebs, por edhe baz\u00ebn themelore t\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Edhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn Federale, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt q\u00eb ndjehen p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr iluminizmin (ndri\u00e7imin) kritik, t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin publikisht konceptet e bot\u00ebs kritike dhe racionale<\/strong>. (\u2026)<\/p>\n

Nuk duhet n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb problemi i religjionit t\u00eb zgjidhet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr vete (edhe kur d\u00ebshmohet me munges\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsore t\u00eb interesimit). Kush vepron k\u00ebshtu lejon duke ditur pasojat q\u00eb fusha socio-politike, t\u2018u mbetet edhe m\u00eb tej e lir\u00eb bashk\u00ebsive religjioze, q\u00eb synojn\u00eb pushtetin. Mir\u00ebpo, politika q\u00eb ata ndjekin prek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb studiuesin n\u00eb “Kull\u00ebn e Fildisht\u00eb<\/em>“, ndoshta edhe familjen e tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse intelektuali kritik i religjionit mbetet joaktiv, ai lejon, duke ditur pasojat, t\u00eb vazhdohet tutje q\u00eb nga lindja, \u00e7erdhja, shkolla, institucionet sociale, deri te vdekja q\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrimet bot\u00ebkuptimore, rrethanat shoq\u00ebrore dhe ligjet e shtetit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen nga injorant\u00ebt, q\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar pothuajse dy mij\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Detyra civilizuese, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht duhet t\u00eb arrihet, \u00ebsht\u00eb se institucionet shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet modern, nuk duhet t\u00eb vihen m\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb bashk\u00ebsive religjioze p\u00ebr indoktrinimin religjioz n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri t\u00eb hershme. Kjo mbetet p\u00ebr t’u realizuar. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb shtet, ligjet e veta duhet t\u2019i bazoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb konsensus minimal etik dhe jo n\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat maksimale t\u00eb bashk\u00ebsive religjioze (p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet t\u00eb abortit, politik\u00ebs familjare, politik\u00ebs sociale, vdekjes humane (vdekjes humane: e drejta p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur vet\u00eb p\u00ebr vdekjen n\u00eb pleq\u00ebri ose pas nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeje t\u00eb pash\u00ebrueshme LB<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Praktikisht t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb ashtuquajturat religjione t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, vet\u00eb kan\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar se jan\u00eb jen\u00eb ideologji fetare, q\u00eb synojn\u00eb pushtetin. Klerik\u00ebt e lidhur me sundimtar\u00eb dhe politikan\u00eb, i instrumentalizojn\u00eb ata p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimet e veta. Bota e siguris\u00eb e krijuar nga religjionet p\u00ebr besimtar\u00ebt, n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb bota e skepticizmit dhe dyshimit. Suksesi i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i t\u00eb menduarit t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb shkencat natyrore dhe n\u00eb teknologji, tregon ep\u00ebrsin\u00eb e konceptit bot\u00ebkuptimor, i cili mund t\u00eb zgjerohet dhe ndryshohet n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb (n\u00ebse e arsyetojn\u00eb njohurit\u00eb e reja), p\u00ebrball\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjeve t\u00eb ngurta t\u00eb “t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave fetare<\/em>” t\u00eb religjioneve t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb libra.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, nj\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptim i hapur p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptim, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet nga nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb fetare.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptim, q\u00eb individi krijon dhe q\u00eb ai mund t’ia p\u00ebrshtat njohurive t\u00eb veta p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera: n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uar (iluminuar), modern, religjioni dhe bot\u00ebkuptimet jan\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje private t\u00eb \u00e7do qytetari ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7. Shteti duhet t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb rrept\u00ebsisht jasht\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zone. Ai duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb neutral ndaj bot\u00ebkuptimeve religjioze. N\u00eb shtetet e sotme, d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pushtetin religjionet e organizuara, \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma e pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb. Prandaj mbetet p\u00ebr t’u b\u00ebr\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht shum\u00eb p\u00ebr iluminizmin dhe racionalizmin kritik.<\/p>\n

\n

Posht\u00ebsh\u00ebnim<\/b>:
\n1. Cituar sipas artikullit t\u00eb Edward O. Wilson, profesor i zoologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit n\u00eb Kembrixh, Massachusetts, \u201eBiologjia – Nj\u00eb list\u00eb e gjeneve?<\/em>\u201c N\u00eb E. Dahl (bot.) \u201eDoktrina e kobit (mynxyr\u00ebs)<\/em>\u201c, Hamburg 1993, f. 84.
\n2. Edhe sot Vatikani nuk heq dor\u00eb nga ndalimi i t\u00eb menduarit. K\u00ebshtu e p\u00ebrshkroi astrofizikani dhe matematikani Stephen W. Hawking<\/em> nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb kozmologjike, q\u00eb kishin organizuar Jezuit\u00ebt. Papa i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm u kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm, se ata nuk duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb zbulonjn\u00eb vet\u00eb \u201eShp\u00ebrthimin e Madh<\/em>\u201c (Big Bang), sepse ajo qenka nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr e zotit. Me humorin e tij anglez, Hawking thot\u00eb se ai nuk pati d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb ndante fatin e Galileut dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, u ndje i lumtur q\u00eb Papa me sa duket nuk dinte p\u00ebrmbajtjen e fjalimit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Stephen W. Hawking \u201eNj\u00eb histori e shkurt\u00ebr e koh\u00ebs<\/em>\u201c, Reinbek Hamburg 1985, f. 48.
\n3. Steven Weinberg, profesor i fizik\u00ebs dhe astronomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Teksasit, \u00c7mimi Nobel 1972, \u201e\u00cbndrra e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb universit<\/em>\u201c, Mynih 1992, fq. 97.
\n4. Robert Shapiro, profesor i kimis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Nju Jorkut dhe specialist n\u00eb studimin e ADN-s\u00eb n\u00eb librin e tij \u201eKrijimi dhe rasti – mbi origjin\u00ebn e evolucionit<\/em>“, Mynih 1987.
\n5. Krahaso librin shum\u00eb t\u00eb rekomanduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Franz Buggle, profesor i psikologjis\u00eb klinike dhe zhvillimore n\u00eb Universitetin e Freiburgut i. Br., libri \u201eSepse ata nuk e din\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb besojn\u00eb<\/em>\u201c, Reinbek Hamburg 1992.
\n6. Steven Weinberg, \u201e\u00cbndrra e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb universit<\/em>\u201c f. 266. Ky kapitull \u00ebsht\u00eb riprodhuar gjithashtu n\u00eb E. Dahl (ed.), Doktrina e gj\u00ebm\u00ebs<\/em> (shiko Sh\u00ebnimin 1).
\n7. Erich Jantsch, \u201eVet\u00eb-Organizimi i Universit<\/em>\u201c, Mynih 1986.
\n8. Peter W. Atkins, profesor i kimis\u00eb fizike n\u00eb Universitetin e Oksfordit, \u201eKrijimi pa Krijues<\/em>\u201c, Reinbek Hamburg 1984.
\n9 Krahaso gjithashtu analizat interesante t\u00eb Franz Buggle (shiko sh\u00ebnimin 5).
\n10. Hubertus Mynarek, ish-profesor i Studimeve religjioze krahasimtare n\u00eb Universitetet e Bambergut dhe Vjen\u00ebs, \u201eSi teolog\u00ebt ‘progresiv\u00eb’ shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb krishterimin<\/em>” – p\u00ebrmbledhje e E. Dahl (botues.), Doktrina e kobit (mynxyr\u00ebs)<\/em>, Hamburg 1993.
\n11. Kjo injoranc\u00eb i dha titullin librit t\u00eb Franz Buggle.
\n1994<\/p>\n

Prof. dr. Edgar Baeger<\/b>
\nI lindur n\u00eb vitin 1933, profesor, dipl. inxh. prodekan, dekan i Departamentit t\u00eb Inxhinieris\u00eb Elektrike dhe Shkencave Kompjuterike n\u00eb Universitetin e Shkencave t\u00eb Aplikuara Aalen. An\u00ebtar i Unionit Humanist – Sht\u00ebpia e Demokracis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut. Ka publikuar shum\u00eb artikuj n\u00eb revista dhe libra me tem\u00ebn “Shteti dhe Kisha.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nuk di a \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjall\u00eb. I shkrova p\u00ebr lejen e p\u00ebrkthimit, por n\u00eb emailin q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb fakultet, nuk u p\u00ebrgjigj.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb lexojn\u00eb librin e profesor Franz Buggle, \u201eSepse ata nuk e din\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb besojn\u00eb<\/em>\u201c, gjermanisht, mund ta shkarkojn\u00eb k\u00ebtu falas si pdf: https:\/\/epdf.pub\/denn-sie-wissen-nicht-was-sie-glauben.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrktheu e p\u00ebrgatiti: Lis Bukuroca, Gazeta Express – 12.02.2020 \u2026astrofizikani Steven Weinberg me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb konsideron shkenc\u00ebn moderne si dhurat\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit, q\u00eb i ka dhuruar bot\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u habitur se sa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb arsimuar mir\u00eb ende arrijn\u00eb t’i pajtojn\u00eb konceptet e tyre mbi bot\u00ebn me idet\u00eb pothuajse dy mij\u00eb vje\u00e7are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,38,9,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-kuriozitete","category-ne-plan-te-pare","category-shkence"],"yoast_head":"\nShkenca dhe religjioni - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shkenca-dhe-religjioni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shkenca dhe religjioni - 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