{"id":51497,"date":"2020-02-26T22:38:31","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T21:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=51497"},"modified":"2020-02-26T22:41:21","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T21:41:21","slug":"tragjedia-antike-greke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/tragjedia-antike-greke\/","title":{"rendered":"TRAGJEDIA ANTIKE GREKE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\"XhelalXhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas poezis\u00eb epike<\/strong> dhe asaj lirike<\/strong>, kushtet e reja shoq\u00ebrore\nk\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb shprehjes artistike dhe kjo ishte poezia dramatike<\/strong>. Ajo e nisi rrug\u00ebn e\nzhvillimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, para mesit t\u00eb shekullit V para K.Ajo sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb nga majat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta\nt\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb klasike greke. Ashtu si poezia epike, edhe tragjedia, heronjt\u00eb i\nmori kryesisht nga mitologjia<\/strong>. Por,\nderisa e para i k\u00ebndoi b\u00ebmat e heronjve legjendar\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb, tragjedia pasqyroi\nndeshjet psikologjike dhe vuajtjet e tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrafsh njer\u00ebzor dhe t\u00eb lidhur\nngusht\u00ebsisht me problemet politike, shoq\u00ebrore, filozofike dhe etike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.\nPoeti epik ngjarjet dhe heronjt\u00eb i v\u00ebshtronte nga lart si nj\u00eb sodit\u00ebs i\npaansh\u00ebm, kurse poeti tragjik b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb me shqet\u00ebsimet dhe g\u00ebzimet e heronjve,\nduke shprehur q\u00ebndrimin e tij, her\u00eb p\u00ebrmes korit dhe her\u00eb p\u00ebrmes fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb\npersonazheve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dramaturg\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb grek\u00eb ishin Tespi,\nPratini <\/strong>dhe Korili <\/strong>t\u00ebshekullit VI para K. M\u00eb i njohuri prej\ntyre ishte Frinku<\/strong> athinas. N\u00eb dram\u00ebn\ne vet \u201cR\u00ebnia e Miletit\u201d<\/em><\/strong> flet p\u00ebr humbjen e grek\u00ebve t\u00eb Azis\u00eb s\u00eb Vog\u00ebl\nn\u00eb luft\u00eb me pers\u00ebt. N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb \u201cFenikaset\u201d<\/em><\/strong> flet p\u00ebr fitoren e\nAthin\u00ebs kund\u00ebr pers\u00ebve n\u00eb Salamin\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke filluar nga shekulli V e k\u00ebndej, qend\u00ebr kryesore kulturore,\nartistike e filozofike p\u00ebr mbar\u00eb Greqin\u00eb u b\u00eb Athina. K\u00ebtu jetuan dhe krijuan\ndramaturg\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj Eskili, Sofokliu,\nEuripidi, Aristofani; <\/strong>historian\u00ebt Herodoti,\nTuqididi, Ksenofoni; <\/strong>filozof\u00ebt Sokrati,\nPlatoni, Aristoteli, Epikuri; <\/strong>orator\u00ebt Isokrati,\nDemosteni <\/strong>etj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e sundimit t\u00eb Perikliut<\/em><\/strong>, burr\u00eb shteti athinas,\nqyteti u zbukurua me  nd\u00ebrtesa e\nmonumente t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs greke. U nd\u00ebrtua Partenoni, Propileu, Erehtioni<\/em><\/strong> q\u00eb\np\u00ebrb\u00ebnin ansamblin e Akropolit<\/em><\/strong>. K\u00ebto nd\u00ebrtesa u zbukuruan\nme skulpturat e Fidias, Mironit,\nPoliktetit, <\/strong>m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe t\u00eb Praksitelit,\nSkopas <\/strong>etj. Historiani i lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb Plutarku\n<\/strong>shkruan: \u201c…u krijuan vepra t\u00eb\njasht\u00ebzakonshme nga madh\u00ebshtia, thjesht\u00ebsi dhe eleganca\u201d<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ESKILI <\/strong>\u2013 lindi n\u00eb Eleuzin\u00eb, fshat\naf\u00ebr Athin\u00ebs, rreth vitit 525 para K. Patriotizmi i popullit n\u00eb nj\u00eb luft\u00eb p\u00ebr\njet\u00eb a vdekje kund\u00ebr pers\u00ebve, u b\u00eb burim frym\u00ebzues p\u00ebr qytetin-shtet t\u00eb\nAthin\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto ngjarje flet edhe historiani i par\u00eb grek Herodoti<\/strong>, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cHistoria\u201d<\/em>.<\/strong> N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb\nentuziazmi jetoi dhe krijoi i pari tragjedian i madh i Greqis\u00eb, Eskili. Bashk\u00eb\nme dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e vet mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn greko-perse. Luftoi n\u00eb Salamin\u00eb n\u00eb\nvitin 480 para K. dhe n\u00eb Plate n\u00eb vitin 479 para K. Lavdis\u00eb s\u00eb tij si poet,\nEskili ia shtoi edhe lavdin\u00eb e qytetarit t\u00eb ndersh\u00ebm dhe atdhetar. Vdiq m\u00eb 456\npar K. n\u00eb Gela t\u00eb Sicilis\u00eb. N\u00eb varrin e tij u shkrua epiteti: \u201cKy varr mban n\u00eb gjirin e tij Eskilin\nathinas…Persiani q\u00eb e njohu mund t\u00eb d\u00ebshmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr heroizmin e tij t\u00eb lavdish\u00ebm<\/em>.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veprat <\/strong>\u2013 Eskili ka shkruar rreth 80\napo 90 tragjedi. Jan\u00eb ruajtur t\u00eb plota: \u201cLut\u00ebset\u201d, \u201cPers\u00ebt\u201d, \u201cT\u00eb shtat\u00eb kund\u00ebr Teb\u00ebs\u201d\n<\/em><\/strong>dhe \u201cAgamemnoni\u201d, \u201cKoeforet\u201d, \u201cEumenidet\u201d<\/em><\/strong> q\u00eb jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse\nt\u00eb trilogjis\u00eb \u201cOrestia\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Humbjen fatale t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs d\u00ebrmuese t\u00eb tragjedive antike e ka analizuar I. Kadare<\/strong> n\u00eb studimin e tij \u201cEskili<\/em>, Tiran\u00eb 1986.    <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 tragjedis\u00eb \u201cPers\u00ebt\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb tjerat i kan\u00eb\nmarr\u00eb subjektet nga mitet dhe legjendat e lashta p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave Eskili\nshprehu shpirtin e koh\u00ebs, p\u00ebrplasjet politike e shoq\u00ebrore, virtytet dhe krimet,\npasionet njer\u00ebzore, luft\u00ebn n\u00eb rrafshin filozofik midis obskurantizmit dhe iluminizmit.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLut\u00ebset\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 n\u00eb themel t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs shtrohen dy probleme: ai i ndalimit t\u00eb\nmartes\u00ebs brenda fisit dhe ai i dashuris\u00eb si ligj i rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritjes s\u00eb gjinis\u00eb\nnjer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tragjedia e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cT\u00eb shtat\u00eb kund\u00ebr Teb\u00ebs\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb t\u00eb\nflitet p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushtet midis dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve \u2013 Eteoklit dhe Polinikut t\u00eb\ncil\u00ebt ishin marr\u00eb vesh t\u00eb qeverisnin Teb\u00ebn me radh\u00eb. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb Eteokli vendos t\u00eb\nmos e ndaj\u00eb pushtetin me v\u00ebllain. At\u00ebher\u00eb ky u drejtohet gjasht\u00eb prij\u00ebsve miq\nt\u00eb tij dhe vet\u00eb i shtat\u00eb shkon t\u2019i sulet v\u00ebllait, Etioklit. N\u00eb p\u00ebrleshje e\nsip\u00ebr me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, vriten q\u00eb t\u00eb dy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPers\u00ebt\u201d <\/em><\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga veprat e hershme t\u00eb Eskilit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e vetmja\ntragjedi nga ato q\u00eb njihen, q\u00eb e ka marr\u00eb subjektin, jo nga mitologjia, por nga\nngjarjet historike n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb shekullit V para K. Fitorja e grek\u00ebve\nkund\u00ebr pers\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm fitore e nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, por edhe e\ndemokracis\u00eb kund\u00ebr tiranis\u00eb s\u00eb Lindjes, e qytet\u00ebrimit t\u00eb ndritur helen kund\u00ebr\nprapambetjes dhe err\u00ebsir\u00ebs q\u00eb mbulonte nj\u00eb perandori despotike. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOrestia\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja trilogji q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur e plot\u00eb, e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb\nnga tri tragjedi: \u201cAgamemnoni\u201d,\n\u201cKoeforet\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201cEumenidet\u201d<\/em>. Subjekti\ni \u201cOrestias\u201d <\/em>\u00ebsht\u00eb mallkimi i fisit\nsi pasoj\u00eb e krimit t\u00eb kryer nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt. Ideja e autorit se krimi lind krimin,\np\u00ebrshkon t\u00eb gjitha ngjarjet e tragjedis\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb trilogjis\u00eb – \u201cAgamemnoni\u201d<\/em>,\nflitet p\u00ebr kthimin e mbretit n\u00eb atdhe dhe vrasjen e tij nga e shoqja\nKlitemnestra dhe i dashuri i saj Egisti. Kjo pjes\u00eb e tragjedis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur\nme atmosfer\u00eb dramatike dhe kontraste t\u00eb fuqishme, pas t\u00eb cilave fshihet\nhipokrizia e Klitemnestr\u00ebs, e cila e pret t\u00eb shoqin me nderime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idet\u00eb madhore demokratike e humane t\u00eb Eskilit shpalosen gjer\u00eb n\u00eb\ntrilogjin\u00eb \u201cOrestia\u201d<\/em> q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga\nvlerat m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7muara t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Liriku, epiku, dramaturgu,\nprozatori, p\u00ebrkthyesi, kritiku dhe teoricieni letrar gjerman Johan Volfgang G\u00ebte <\/strong>(Johann Wolfgang\nGoethe, 1749-1832) tragjedin\u00eb \u201cAgamemnoni\u201d<\/em>\nt\u00eb Eskilit e ka cil\u00ebsuar si \u201ckryevep\u00ebr t\u00eb\nkryeveprave\u201d<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edhe n\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb, \u201cKoeforet\u201d<\/em>\n(grat\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb varre vajra, ver\u00eb etj.) spikat thell\u00ebsia e artit eskilian.\nOresti vret t\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebn, Klitemnestr\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb dashurin e saj Egistin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb\nhakun e t\u00eb atit. Por, para se t\u00eb ngrej\u00eb shpat\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i m\u00ebshuar, ai stepet nga\nfjal\u00ebt e s\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebs q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon m\u00ebshir\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb t\u00eb trilogjis\u00eb, \u201cEumenidet\u201d<\/em>\ntrajtohet \u00e7\u00ebshtja q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me aktin e kryer nga Oresti m\u00ebm\u00ebvras\u00ebs.\nParaqitet hija e Klitemnestr\u00ebs e cila k\u00ebrkon shpagim ndaj t\u00eb birit. Ajo u\ndrejtohet Erineve, hyjneshave t\u00eb hakmarrjes q\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb lidhjet e gjakut nga ana\ne n\u00ebn\u00ebs (matriarkatin). Hija k\u00ebrkon t\u2019i zgjoj\u00eb nga gjumi dhe t\u00eb mos e\nbraktisin, por ta mbrojn\u00eb. Orestin e mundon dhe e p\u00ebrndjek nd\u00ebrgjegjja e vrar\u00eb.\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebnimi m\u00eb i madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb, q\u00eb as n\u00eb ferr nuk do t\u2019i ndahet. Oresti ka n\u00eb\nan\u00ebn e tij hyjnin\u00eb Apolon i cili  mbron\nlidhjet e gjakut nga ana e babait (patriarkatin). N\u00eb debatin midis Apolonit dhe\nErineve p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen, thirret hyjnesha Aten\u00eb e cila i nderon t\u00eb dyja\npal\u00ebt. Ajo fton gjykat\u00ebsit p\u00ebr ta drejtuar gjyqin. Votat ndahen baras, sa p\u00ebr\nOrestin, aq edhe p\u00ebr Erinet\u00eb. Vot\u00ebn e vet, Atena ia jep Orestit. Pas k\u00ebsaj,\nOresti lirohet nga p\u00ebrndjekja e Erineve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trilogji \u00ebsht\u00eb shtruar gati t\u00ebr\u00eb tryeza homerike me mitet dhe legjendat\ne saj, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave Eskili u ka b\u00ebr\u00eb jehon\u00eb problemeve politike e shoq\u00ebrore\nn\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e vendosjes s\u00eb shtetit demokratik skllavopronar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eskili, ky baba i tragjedis\u00eb\nantike<\/strong>, \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur poet i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs, simbol i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs n\u00eb mitologji\nishte bija e Zeusit, hyjnesha Dike. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb, sa realist<\/strong> n\u00eb pasqyrimin e jet\u00ebs, aq edhe romantik<\/strong> n\u00eb \u00ebndrr\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb virtytshme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kadare thot\u00eb: \u201cPa Eskilin, nuk dim\u00eb\nsi do t\u00eb dukej Shekspiri<\/em>\u201d, babai i tragjedis\u00eb moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tragjedia \u201c<\/em><\/strong>PROMETEU I MB\u00cbRTHYER\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb vep\u00ebr madh\u00ebshtore e Eskilit.\n\u00cbsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e nj\u00eb trilogjie, dy pjes\u00ebt e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u201cPrometeu\nzjarrsjell\u00ebs\u201d <\/em><\/strong>dhe \u201dPrometeu i \u00e7liruar\u201d<\/em><\/strong> nuk jan\u00eb\nruajtur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sipas mitit, Prometeu krijoi me balt\u00eb njeriun e par\u00eb, i cili me koh\u00eb u\nshum\u00ebzua. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos i l\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb mjerim dhe padije, shkoi te qerja e zjarrt\u00eb e\nDiellit (Helios), vodhi nj\u00eb shk\u00ebndij\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e vuri n\u00eb nj\u00eb kallam dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb\nburim t\u00eb zjarrit hyjnor ua solli njer\u00ebzve. Kjo b\u00ebri q\u00eb Zeusi t\u00eb tmerrohet. Ai\nurdh\u00ebroi Pushtetin, Dhun\u00ebn dhe Hefestin ta mb\u00ebrthejn\u00eb Prometeun n\u00eb nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmb\nn\u00eb malet e Skithis\u00eb n\u00eb Kaukaz. K\u00ebtu fillon veprimi i tragjedis\u00eb q\u00eb zhvillohet\nn\u00eb at\u00eb vis t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, ku nuk ka shkelur k\u00ebmb\u00eb njeriu. Prometeu \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u ankuar\np\u00ebr nd\u00ebshkimin e padrejt\u00eb. D\u00ebgjohet f\u00ebrsh\u00ebllima e flatrave t\u00eb nimfave oqeanide,\nt\u00eb cilat, bashk\u00eb me baban\u00eb e tyre vijn\u00eb nga larg p\u00ebr ta ngush\u00eblluar. Oqeani i\nshpreh keqardhje heroit dhe p\u00ebrpiqet ta bind\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb pajtohet me Zeusin. Prometeu\nm\u00eb par\u00eb pranon t\u00eb vuaj\u00eb sesa t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohet tiranit. Oqeani largohet. Prometeu\nia tregon korit t\u00eb nimfave oqeanide t\u00eb mirat q\u00eb ia ka sjell\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit. M\u00eb pas\nvjen Io-ja, e dashura dhe viktima e Zeusit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gruaja e tij, Hera, e\nkishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb m\u00ebshtjerr\u00eb. Prometeu kishte dhunti profetike p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur\nt\u00eb panjohur\u00ebn. Ai ia b\u00ebn me dije Ios vuajtjet e tjera q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetoj\u00eb ajo. I\nthot\u00eb se nga fisi i saj do t\u00eb lind\u00eb nj\u00eb hero i fuqish\u00ebm i cili do ta shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb\nat\u00eb nga vuajtjet. K\u00ebtu krijohet nyja q\u00eb e lidh tragjedin\u00eb me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb\ntrilogjis\u00eb \u201cPrometeu i \u00e7liruar\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I tmerruar nga q\u00ebndrimi i paepur i titanit, Zeusi e d\u00ebrgon Hermesin p\u00ebr\nta k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar dhe p\u00ebr ta detyruar t\u2019ia zbuloj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, por Prometeu hesht.\nHeshtja e tij shpreh urrejtjen p\u00ebr tiranin. Zeusi s\u2019duron dot m\u00eb. E gjuan\nPrometeun me rrufe. Ky, bashk\u00eb me shk\u00ebmbin ku ishte mb\u00ebrthyer, groposet n\u00eb fund\nt\u00eb dheut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tragjedia \u201cPrometeu i mb\u00ebrthyer\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb vep\u00ebr e mbushur me patosin e\nluft\u00ebs p\u00ebr liri, me ndjenj\u00ebn e vet\u00ebflijimit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konflikti midis Prometeut dhe Zeusit ka kuptim t\u00eb thell\u00eb filozofik.\nN\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tij, Eskili goditi p\u00ebr vdekje obskurantizmin dhe tiranin\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prometeun e kan\u00eb quajtur t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb. E kan\u00eb konsideruar si martirin\nm\u00eb fisnik n\u00eb historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit<\/em><\/strong>. Ky martir kryengrit\u00ebs, m\u00eb par\u00eb\npranon t\u00eb vuaj\u00eb dhe t\u2019i duroj\u00eb dhimbjet m\u00eb t\u00eb tmerrshme sesa t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohet\nZeusit dhe t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si skllav<\/em><\/strong>. Oqeanidet i thon\u00eb titanit: \u201cKur t\u00eb \u00e7lirohesh, do t\u00eb matesh n\u00eb fuqi me\nZeusin\u201d<\/em>. K\u00ebtu poeti sheh mund\u00ebsin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr ta sfiduar qiellin.<\/em><\/strong>\nEskili e ka zbritur Prometeun hy,j n\u00eb tok\u00eb, e ka humanizuar p\u00ebr\nt\u00eb simbolizuar me t\u00eb – drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb, arsyen njer\u00ebzore kund\u00ebr arbitrarizmit dhe\npushtetit absolut t\u00eb hyjnive. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zjarri prometean simbolizon arsyen, p\u00ebrparimin, drit\u00ebn q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndri\u00e7oj\u00eb\nmendjen e njeriut e q\u00eb do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb e tij.\nPrometeu parandien se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7lirohet nga vargonjt\u00eb e Zeusit. Ai beson\nn\u00eb forc\u00ebn emancipuese t\u00eb p\u00ebrparimit, ndaj \u00ebsht\u00eb iluminist<\/em><\/strong>. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i\npari romantik i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb evropiane, ai \u00ebnd\u00ebrron p\u00ebr dit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira. P\u00ebr\nfisnik\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe dashurin\u00eb q\u00eb ka p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb\nmadh\u00ebshtore t\u00eb artit bot\u00ebror. Dinjiteti dhe p\u00ebrmasat vigane t\u00eb Prometeut shquhen\np\u00ebrball\u00eb hyjnive servil\u00eb q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb verb\u00ebrisht Zeusit tiran, Pushtetit dhe\nHefesit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e mb\u00ebrthejn\u00eb n\u00eb pranga. Ai u thot\u00eb: \u201cJam armik i Zeusit dhe i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb per\u00ebndive q\u00eb e k\u00ebrrusin qaf\u00ebn\u201d<\/em>.\nServil\u00eb q\u00eb i binden vullnetit t\u00eb Zeusit pa asnj\u00eb luhatje, madje me zell t\u00eb\nmadh. Hefesti i bindej urdhrit t\u00eb Zeusit, por i dhimbsej Prometeu, ashtu si\u00e7 i\ndhimbsej edhe Oqeanit. Por, k\u00ebta nuk mund ta kuptojn\u00eb sesi mund t\u00eb guxoj\u00eb\nndokush t\u00eb ngrihet kund\u00ebr Zeusit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dhimbje t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr Prometeun ndiejn\u00eb nimfat oqeanide. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb\nvet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr despotizmin e Zeusit. Por edhe oqeanidet, duke i par\u00eb vuajtjet\ne titanit, p\u00ebrpiqen ta pajtojn\u00eb at\u00eb me Kryeper\u00ebndin\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb fati i\nheronjve-viktima, t\u00eb ndjekur nga hyjnit\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*   *   *<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SOFOKLIU <\/strong>jetoi n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e qytetit-shtet\nt\u00eb Athin\u00ebs. Lindi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb af\u00ebr Athin\u00ebs m\u00eb 497 para K. Ishte i entuziazmuar\nnga fitorja e grek\u00ebve kund\u00ebr ushtris\u00eb perse pran\u00eb ishullit t\u00eb Salamin\u00ebs n\u00eb\nvitin 480 para K. Kurr\u00eb nuk udh\u00ebtoi jasht\u00eb atdheut t\u00eb tij, Atik\u00ebs. Jetoi 91\nvjet. Vdiq n\u00eb vitin 406 para K. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vepra <\/strong>\u2013 Autor\u00ebt antik\u00eb thon\u00eb se\nSofokliu ka shkruar rreth 123 tragjedi. Prej tyre kan\u00eb mbetur shtat\u00eb t\u00eb plota.\nKa shkruar edhe dram\u00ebn satirike \u201cIhneut\u00ebt\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (K\u00ebrkuesit e gjurm\u00ebve)<\/em>. Edhe nga kjo dram\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur shum\u00eb\nvargje. Tragjedit\u00eb jan\u00eb: \u201cAjaksi\u201d, \u201cAntigona\u201d, \u201cEdipi mbret\u201d, \u201cElektra\u201d,\n\u201cTrahiniet\u201d, \u201cFilokteti\u201d, \u201cEdipi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Nga t\u00eb 115 veprat nga t\u00eb\ncilat njihen vet\u00ebm titujt, kan\u00eb mbetur mbi 1000 fragmente. Subjektet e\ntragjedive dhe t\u00eb dramave satirike, Sofokliu i ka marr\u00eb nga mitologjia dhe\nlegjendat e ndryshme. Si p\u00ebr krijuesit e tjer\u00eb, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr Sofokliun, burim\ni pashterur kan\u00eb qen\u00eb poemat e Homerit. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babai i historiografis\u00eb greke, Herodoti\n<\/strong>(shek.. V para K.) thot\u00eb se Homeri<\/strong>\ndhe Hesiodi<\/strong> kan\u00eb jetuar kat\u00ebr shekuj\npara Sofokliut. Homeri mendohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb shekullin IX para K. Por ka\nedhe mendime se ai ka jetuar n\u00eb shek. VIII para K.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Tragjedia \u201dAjaksi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\nka n\u00eb themel t\u00eb saj ngjarjen e njohur n\u00eb K\u00ebng\u00eb XI t\u00eb \u201cOdises\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, vargjet\n673-704. Ajaks Telamoni, heroi m\u00eb i fort\u00eb pas Akilit n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb\nfyer r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga prij\u00ebsit grek\u00eb \u2013 Agamemnoni dhe Menelau, p\u00ebr arsye se arm\u00ebt e\nAkilit nuk ia kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij por Odiseut. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb \u201cEdipi mbret\u201d<\/em><\/strong> poeti trajton problemin e fatit t\u00eb paracaktuar\ndhe p\u00ebrpjekjet njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr ta m\u00ebnjanuar at\u00eb. Pasojat e fajit t\u00eb mbretit t\u00eb\nTeb\u00ebs, Lait do t\u00eb r\u00ebndojn\u00eb mbi fatin e djalit t\u00eb tij, Edipit dhe n\u00eb fatin e\nf\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tij. Kjo vazhd\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsish q\u00eb bie mbi nj\u00eb familje t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb do t\u00eb tregohet\nedhe n\u00eb dy tragjedit\u00eb e tjera \u2013 \u201cAgamemnoni\u201d<\/em><\/strong> dhe \u201cEdipi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.\nSipas orakullit, interpretuesit n\u00eb tok\u00eb, t\u00eb vullnetit t\u00eb per\u00ebndive, Edipit i\nishte p\u00ebrcaktuar nj\u00eb fat i r\u00ebnd\u00eb: t\u00eb vriste t\u00eb atin dhe t\u00eb martohej me t\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebn,\nJokast\u00ebn. Ky njeri i mir\u00eb i cili m\u00ebshiron idealin e sundimtarit t\u00eb drejt\u00eb q\u00eb i\nsjell t\u00eb mira atdheut t\u00eb vet, Teb\u00ebs, kryen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme krime t\u00eb\ntmerrshme. Por Edipi vepron q\u00eb fatin e paracaktuar t\u2019ia n\u00ebnshtroj\u00eb vullnetit t\u00eb\nvet. Kjo flet p\u00ebr besimin e heroit n\u00eb forcat e veta dhe kjo p\u00ebrb\u00ebn shtratin e\ntragjedis\u00eb, d.m.th. luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr fatit<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ebtragjedin\u00eb \u201cEdipi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong> flitet p\u00ebr fatin e\nEdipit, pas verbimit t\u00eb tij. Ai largohet nga Teba p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur strehimin e tij\nt\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb, vendlindje e Sofokliut. Mbreti i ri i Teb\u00ebs, Kreonti,\nk\u00ebrkon ta kthej\u00eb Edipin n\u00eb qytetin e tij sepse sipas profecis\u00eb s\u00eb orakullit,\nvendi ku do t\u00eb vdiste Edipi do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej i begatt\u00eb dhe do ta shtonte mir\u00ebqenien\ne qytetar\u00ebve. Por Edipi nuk largohet nga ai vend, mbreti i t\u00eb cilit, Tezeu, e\npriti me bujari. Zeusi ia b\u00ebn me dije Edipit se i ka ardhur fundi. I shoq\u00ebruar\nnga Tezeu dhe i ndjekur nga qytetar\u00ebt e brengosur q\u00eb e shohin p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb\nfundit, niset drejt pyllit t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb Eumenideve ku edhe vdes. Zhduket\npapandehur. E  mor\u00ebn n\u00eb gjirin e tyre\nper\u00ebndit\u00eb. I martirizuar prej tyre, ai tani shp\u00ebrblehet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vuajtjet\nq\u00eb p\u00ebrjetoi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuptimi i k\u00ebsaj tragjedie p\u00ebrmblidhet n\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e s\u00eb bij\u00ebs, Ismen\u00ebs, drejtuar\nt\u00eb atit: \u201cTani per\u00ebndit\u00eb t\u00eb ngren\u00eb lart, por pasi m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb hodh\u00ebn n\u00eb humner\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.\n <\/em><\/strong>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb tragjedi Sofokliu del kund\u00ebr fuqive q\u00eb e kan\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb fatin e njeriut, e q\u00eb\nsillen ndaj tij me eg\u00ebrsi dhe shp\u00ebrfillje.    \n <\/strong>    <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subjekti i tragjedis\u00eb \u201cElektra\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga cikli\nmitologjik mbi Atrid\u00ebt. Ngjarjet e k\u00ebsaj tragjedie shtjellohen n\u00eb situata t\u00eb\nngjashme me ato t\u00eb \u201cKoeforeve\u201d<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb Eskilit: N\u00eb t\u00eb dyja veprat Oresti rritet dhe\nb\u00ebhet burr\u00eb n\u00eb dhe t\u00eb huaj. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i shoq\u00ebruar nga miku i tij Piladi. N\u00eb t\u00eb\ndyja tragjedit\u00eb Oresti v\u00eb n\u00eb prov\u00eb t\u00eb motr\u00ebn duke iu shfaqur n\u00eb fillim si i\nhuaj. M\u00eb pas vjen \u00e7asti i rinjohjes. Tek Eskili rolin kryesor e ka Oresti,\nnd\u00ebrsa Sofokliu n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes v\u00eb motr\u00ebn e vet, Elektr\u00ebn. Oresti nuk\n\u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7se krahu, nd\u00ebrsa shpirti \u00ebsht\u00eb e motra. Q\u00eb t\u00eb dy jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur dhe\ns\u2019kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb luhatje kur e vrasin n\u00ebn\u00ebn e tyre, Klitemnestr\u00ebn. P\u00ebr nga forca e\nvullnetit dhe p\u00ebr nga vendosm\u00ebria p\u00ebr ta kryer nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb, Elektra\n\u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me Antigon\u00ebn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb \u201cTrahiniet\u201d<\/em><\/strong> poeti i thur himn ndjenj\u00ebs\nfisnike t\u00eb dashuris\u00eb dhe shtron nj\u00eb problem shoq\u00ebror q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me fatin e\ndhimbsh\u00ebm t\u00eb gruas n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb. Burri i lejonte vetes gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk\nia lejonte gruas s\u00eb tij. Prej saj k\u00ebrkonte besnik\u00ebri dhe n\u00ebnshtrim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sofokliu solli risi n\u00eb dramaturgjin\u00eb\ngreke \u2013 p\u00ebrfshiu n\u00eb sken\u00eb aktorin e tret\u00eb<\/em>.\nKjo e zvog\u00ebloi rolin e korit. K\u00ebt\u00eb risi q\u00eb e solli Sofokliu, e zbatoi edhe\nbashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsi i tij, Eskili n\u00eb trilogjin\u00eb \u201cOrestia\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komediografi i madh Aristofani<\/strong> (445 para K.) n\u00eb komedin\u00eb e\nvet \u201dPaqja\u201d<\/em><\/strong>,\nte tragjedit\u00eb e Sofokliut zbulon edhe an\u00eb lirike<\/strong>.                     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cANTIGONA\u201d<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb me tem\u00eb nga cikli\nmitologjik teban. Ajo nis aty ku mbaron vepra e Eskilit \u201cT\u00eb shtat\u00ebt kund\u00ebr Teb\u00ebs\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.\nPas vrasjes s\u00eb dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Eteoklit dhe Polinikut n\u00eb dyluftim me\nnj\u00ebri-tjetrin, n\u00eb Teb\u00eb b\u00ebhet mbret Kreonti. Ky jep urdh\u00ebr q\u00eb Poliniku dhe t\u00eb\ntjer\u00ebt q\u00eb luftuan kund\u00ebr atdheut, t\u00eb mos varrosen. K\u00ebtu z\u00eb fill konflikti\nnd\u00ebrmjet Antigon\u00ebs e cila mbron ligjet e pashkruara t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/em><\/strong>,\nt\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb gjakut me v\u00ebllain, n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb dhe Kreontit, i cili mbron ligjet e\nshkruara t\u00eb shtetit, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Urdhrit t\u00eb Kreontit se do t\u00eb d\u00ebnoj\u00eb me\nvdekje cilindo q\u00eb do t\u00eb guxoj\u00eb t\u00eb varros\u00eb Polinikun t\u00eb shpallur tradhtar, i\nkund\u00ebrvihet Antigona, e cila, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr urdhrit mbret\u00ebror, e varros v\u00ebllain.\nKreonti e d\u00ebnon Antigon\u00ebn me vdekje. N\u00eb familjen e mbretit nisin fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb.\nDjali i tij, Hemoni, i fejuari i Antigon\u00ebs, vret veten. N\u00eb fund duket Kreonti\nduke mbajtur n\u00eb duar trupin e t\u00eb birit t\u00eb vdekur. I d\u00ebrmuar shpirt\u00ebrisht, i\nlutet vdekjes ta marr\u00eb edhe at\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb bot\u00ebn e lasht\u00eb, t\u00eb varrosje t\u00eb vdekurin ishte nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e shenjt\u00eb.\nNdryshe, shpirti i tij do t\u00eb endej pa gjetur dot prehje. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tragjedi kemi\nedhe detyrimin familjar p\u00ebr ta varrosur an\u00ebtarin e familjes, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr ndalimit\nme urdh\u00ebr pushtetari. Kemi dashurin\u00eb e motr\u00ebs ndaj v\u00ebllait. Antigona flijoi\nveten dhe nuk e la v\u00ebllain t\u00eb pavarrosur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por, edhe Kreontit i duhej t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte prej qytetar\u00ebve ta respektonin\nrendin dhe ligjin. Shkeljen e ligjit e konsideronte tradhti ndaj atdheut. Kori\nn\u00eb tragjedi e qorton Antigon\u00ebn p\u00ebr veprimin e saj, por Kreontin e d\u00ebnon m\u00eb\ntep\u00ebr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr Sofokliun, Kreonti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mbret autokrat dhe tiran, nj\u00eb sundimtar\narrogant q\u00eb i shkel me k\u00ebmb\u00eb ndjenjat e shenjta t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve. Ai nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb\nsundimtar q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjet frym\u00ebs demokratike t\u00eb epok\u00ebs kur jetoi poeti. Sipas\nSofokliut, ligjet e shtetit duhen respektuar, por pa u cenuar ligjet e\npashkruara morale dhe zakonore t\u00eb rr\u00ebnjosura n\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjen e njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*   *   *<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EURIPIDI, i pari poet modern i koh\u00ebs son\u00eb. <\/strong>N\u00eb vitin 480 para K., n\u00eb\nSalamin\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb betej\u00eb detare u thye nj\u00eb supershtet i koh\u00ebs, Persia. Invadimi i\npers\u00ebve e rrafshoi Athin\u00ebn. P\u00ebrball\u00eb rreth 1000 anijeve perse dol\u00ebn 378 anije\nathinase dhe spartane. Euripidi lindi n\u00eb Salamin\u00eb m\u00eb 20 shtator 480 para K.,\npra n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e betej\u00ebs detare t\u00eb Salamin\u00ebs. Disa studiues thon\u00eb se ai ka lindur\nn\u00eb vitin 485 para K. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb edhe babai i tragjedis\u00eb antike Eskili<\/strong> 45 vje\u00e7ar.<\/strong> N\u00eb krye t\u00eb korit q\u00eb himnizonte shp\u00ebtimin e atdheut dhe t\u00eb\nqytet\u00ebrimit grek, q\u00ebndronte Sofokliu<\/strong>\n16 vje\u00e7ar. Emrat e tre tragjik\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj bashkohen me k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb\nhistoris\u00eb s\u00eb Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb. K\u00ebta tre poet\u00eb, p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra vjet i flasin bot\u00ebs\np\u00ebr heroizma, p\u00ebr g\u00ebzime, vuajtje e hidh\u00ebrime t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. K\u00ebta tre poet\u00eb\np\u00ebrcjellin nd\u00ebr breza ndjenja dhe mendime njer\u00ebzore, nderimin p\u00ebr atdheun,\ntrim\u00ebrin\u00eb, lirin\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn. Euripidi ishte athinas sikund\u00ebr Tespi, Kirili, Friniku, Sofokliu. <\/strong>Ishte\nbashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebs iluft\u00ebs s\u00eb Peloponezit\nmidis Athin\u00ebs dhe Spart\u00ebs p\u00ebr hegjemoni (431-404 para K.). Kishte miq\u00ebsi me Sokratin <\/strong>i cili ndiqte\u00e7do shfaqje t\u00eb tragjedive t\u00eb\nEuripidit. Sa qe gjall\u00eb, athinasit e pat\u00ebn l\u00ebnduar fort. U shp\u00ebrngul n\u00eb Pel\u00eb t\u00eb\nMaqedonis\u00eb. Tragjiku i madh realist dhe novator, vdiq n\u00eb Pel\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 406 para\nK., n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 75-vje\u00e7are. U varros me nderime t\u00eb larta n\u00eb Aretus\u00eb af\u00ebr\nAmfipolit. Pak muaj para Sofokliut.   <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vepra <\/strong>\u2013 Euripidi shkroi 72 vepra.\nDisa studiues thon\u00eb se ka shkruar mbi 90 vepra. Prej tyre jan\u00eb ruajtur t\u00eb plota\n18 tragjedi dhe 1 dram\u00eb satirike – \u201cCiklopi\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Me idet\u00eb filozofike\np\u00ebrparimtare rinovoi konceptin e dram\u00ebs. Edhe mitin e ndryshoi n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb\nshprehjes s\u00eb mendimeve filozofike t\u00eb tij. Vuri n\u00eb qend\u00ebr njeriun e koh\u00ebs,\nindividin me prejardhje t\u00eb ndryshme shoq\u00ebrore dhe me t\u00ebr\u00eb kompleksitetin e\nndjenjave. I thuri himne atdheut dhe liris\u00eb. Dashurin\u00eb p\u00ebr atdheun e shprehu\nsidomos n\u00eb tragjedit\u00eb e shfaqura pas shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Peloponezit, ku\njan\u00eb mbrujtur mite dhe legjenda atikase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veprat e Euripidit q\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur jan\u00eb: Ifigjenia n\u00eb Aulid\u00eb, Elektra,\nOresti, Ifigjenia n\u00eb Taurid\u00eb, Risoja, Troadet (Trojanet), Hekuba, Andromaka,\nHelena, Ciklopi, Bakidet (Baket), Alkesta, Herakliu i t\u00ebrbuar, Fenikaset, Joni,\nMedea, Hipoliti, Heraklid\u00ebt, Iketid\u00ebt (Lut\u00ebsit)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb \u201cHeraklid\u00ebt\u201d<\/em><\/strong> pasqyron fisnik\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe sakrifikimin e athinasve\nt\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur djemt\u00eb e Herakliut, hap\u00ebn luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr\nndjek\u00ebsit t\u00eb tyre, Euristeas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lavd p\u00ebr athinasit \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe \u201dIketid\u00ebt\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tragjedi Tezeu,\nmbreti mitologjik i Athin\u00ebs q\u00eb paraqitet si mbrojt\u00ebs i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb\nn\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbur dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i qytet\u00ebrimit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb, i detyron me luft\u00eb teban\u00ebt\nt\u2019ua dor\u00ebzojn\u00eb n\u00ebnave bijt\u00eb argjit\u00eb, t\u00eb vrar\u00eb n\u00eb muret e Teb\u00ebs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb tragjedit\u00eb \u201cOresti\u201d, \u201cIfigjenia\nn\u00eb Taurid\u00eb\u201d, \u201cMedea\u201d, \u201cIketid\u00ebt\u201d \u201cHeraklid\u00ebt\u201d, <\/em>poeti i madh k\u00ebndoi t\u00eb\ndrejt\u00ebn dhe dinjitetin njer\u00ebzor dhe \u00ebndrr\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. N\u00eb tragjedit\u00eb\ne tij p\u00ebrplasen karaktere dhe interesa t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt. Ai ishte kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebrave\nshkat\u00ebrrimtare, padrejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe tiranis\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ai paraqiti me ngjyra t\u00eb gjalla dhe simpati figura skllev\u00ebrish<\/em><\/strong> dhe grash<\/em><\/strong>\nme nj\u00eb bot\u00eb komplekse dhe plot virtyte. N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb \u201cMedea\u201d <\/em>afirmoi luft\u00ebn e grave p\u00ebr t\u2019u personifikuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb\nnj\u00eb vend t\u00eb nderuar n\u00eb familje dhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Kritikoi gjendjen e mjer\u00eb t\u00eb\ngruas n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e Athin\u00ebs. Femra ishte e shtypur dhe nuk g\u00ebzonte kurrfar\u00eb t\u00eb\ndrejte. Ajo ishte e destinuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb lindur f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Pasqyroi femra me\nkaraktere t\u00eb forta, si Alkesta, Ifigjenia, Elektra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me simpati paraqiti edhe trojane<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb shquara, si Hekuba,\nAndromaka etj. t\u00eb cilat kishin r\u00ebn\u00eb skllave n\u00eb duart e grek\u00ebve fitimtar\u00eb.       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb veprat e veta shprehu an\u00ebt thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb mendimit filozofik\np\u00ebrparimtar t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Temat e tragjedive i mbrun me l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e miteve dhe\nt\u00eb legjendave, por me tendenc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar nj\u00eb problematik\u00eb t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb aktuale<\/em>. U b\u00eb shpreh\u00ebs i dukurive dhe i\nideve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. U b\u00ebri jehon\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb dit\u00ebs dhe e shnd\u00ebrroi\nteatrin n\u00eb nj\u00eb aren\u00eb politike e filozofike. Vepra e Euripidit u b\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb e\ngjall\u00eb e kontradiktave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euripidi dallohej p\u00ebr idet\u00eb e guximshme p\u00ebrparimtare, p\u00ebr realizmin dhe\nfrym\u00ebn aktuale dhe novatore. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, qarqet konservatore t\u00eb  koh\u00ebs e prit\u00ebn ftoht\u00eb dhe drejtuan kund\u00ebr tij\nshigjetat e poet\u00ebve satirik\u00eb. Nuk shp\u00ebtoi as nga arti shpotit\u00ebs i Aristofanit<\/strong>, i cili n\u00eb komedin\u00eb \u201cBretkosat\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\ne vendosi p\u00ebrball\u00eb Eskilit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shekullin IV para K., busti i tij u vendos n\u00eb teatrin e Athin\u00ebs,\np\u00ebrkrah Eskilit dhe Sofokliut.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aristoteli <\/strong>e ka karakterizuar si m\u00eb tragjikun nd\u00ebr tragjedian\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb. Poeti m\u00eb novator i Greqis\u00eb antike, Euripidi, \u00ebsht\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar si i pari poet modern i koh\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli Pas poezis\u00eb epike dhe asaj lirike, kushtet e reja shoq\u00ebrore k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb shprehjes artistike dhe kjo ishte poezia dramatike. Ajo e nisi rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, para mesit t\u00eb shekullit V para K.Ajo sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb nga majat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb klasike greke. Ashtu si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nTRAGJEDIA ANTIKE GREKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/tragjedia-antike-greke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRAGJEDIA ANTIKE GREKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Pas poezis\u00eb epike dhe asaj lirike, kushtet e reja shoq\u00ebrore k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb shprehjes artistike dhe kjo ishte poezia dramatike. Ajo e nisi rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, para mesit t\u00eb shekullit V para K.Ajo sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb nga majat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb klasike greke. 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Ajo e nisi rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, para mesit t\u00eb shekullit V para K.Ajo sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb nga majat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb klasike greke. 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