{"id":52078,"date":"2020-03-02T02:24:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T01:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=52078"},"modified":"2020-03-02T03:39:45","modified_gmt":"2020-03-02T02:39:45","slug":"poezia-lirike-antike-greke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/poezia-lirike-antike-greke\/","title":{"rendered":"POEZIA LIRIKE ANTIKE GREKE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\"XhelalXhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poezia lirike lindi dhe u zhvillua n\u00eb shekujt VII dhe VI para K. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha kur n\u00eb gjirin e rendit t\u00eb aristokracis\u00eb fisnore u poq\u00ebn elementet e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb skllavopronare. Ndryshimet soll\u00ebn shkat\u00ebrrimin e mbret\u00ebrive, dikur t\u00eb fuqishme, t\u00eb epok\u00ebs heroike q\u00eb k\u00ebndoi \u201cIliada\u201d<\/em><\/strong> dhe \u201cOdisea\u201d<\/em>. <\/strong>Mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb u fik\u00ebn nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u2019i l\u00ebn\u00eb vendin lindjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb re, me qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb dhe me skllev\u00ebr. U rrit\u00ebn qytetet (poliset). Lidhjet e vjetra fisnore u shkat\u00ebrruan, nd\u00ebrsa vendin e tyre e zuri nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e re, e organizuar n\u00eb shtet. Ndryshimet erdh\u00ebn pas nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet popullit (demosit) dhe fisnik\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Kjo p\u00ebrplasje, n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Greqis\u00eb ka hyr\u00eb si luft\u00eb midis demokracis\u00eb<\/em> dhe aristokracis\u00eb<\/em>.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ndryshimet ekonomike n\u00eb shekujt VII dhe VI para K. soll\u00ebn n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb greke interesa t\u00eb reja, q\u00eb u pasqyruan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e<\/em> shprehjes s\u00eb ndjenjave<\/em> dhe t\u00eb mendimeve<\/em>. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb paraqitjes n\u00eb poezi t\u00eb hyjnive<\/em> dhe t\u00eb heronjve<\/em> t\u00eb idealizuar, vendin kryesor tani e z\u00eb njeriu me hallet dhe g\u00ebzime e tij, me dashurit\u00eb, me urrejtjet dhe me shqet\u00ebsimet e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00eb k\u00ebto rrethana t\u00eb reja, k\u00ebrkohej dhe nj\u00eb art i ri<\/em><\/strong>, q\u00eb do ta paraqiste bot\u00ebn e brendshme<\/em> t\u00eb njeriut me drith\u00ebrimat dhe klithmat e qenies s\u00eb tij. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto, gjet\u00ebn shprehje n\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj letrar t\u00eb ri, n\u00eb poezin\u00eb lirike<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fjala lirik\u00eb<\/em> vjen nga greqishtja lira<\/em>, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb veg\u00ebl muzikore me tela, q\u00eb shoq\u00ebronte k\u00ebng\u00ebn e poetit, i cili shpesh i p\u00ebrcillte vargjet edhe me l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb trupit apo me valle. Sipas m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnduarit t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebs, dallojm\u00eb lirik\u00ebn monodike<\/em>, q\u00eb k\u00ebndohet vet\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb njeri dhe lirik\u00ebn korale<\/em>, q\u00eb k\u00ebndohet nga nj\u00eb grup njer\u00ebzish. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Rruga nga poezia epike<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb poezin\u00eb\nlirike<\/em><\/strong> ka qen\u00eb e gjat\u00eb. Poezia lirike, si poezi subjektive, q\u00eb shpreh\nndjenjat dhe mendimet e poetit, njihej edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb fisin e akejve. K\u00ebt\u00eb e\nd\u00ebshmojn\u00eb poemat<\/em> e Homerit. Kur ai e\np\u00ebrshkruan n\u00eb \u201cIliad\u00eb\u201d<\/em> mburoj\u00ebn e\nAkilit, tregon figur\u00ebn e nj\u00eb f\u00ebmije q\u00eb \u201ci\nbinte \u00ebmb\u00ebl qestes dhe leht\u00eb me z\u00eb, k\u00ebng\u00ebn e Linit merrte\u201d<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00eb\ne trishtuar q\u00eb vajton vdekjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs Lin. Elemente lirike hasim edhe n\u00eb\nvajtimet e Andromak\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Hekub\u00ebs mbi kufom\u00ebn e Hektorit, n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimet e\nnatyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb emocioneve t\u00eb heronjve etj. Por, poezia lirike si gjini letrare m\u00eb\nvete u zhvillua vet\u00ebm kur u krijuan rrethana shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shekujt VII, VI dhe gjysma e par\u00eb e shekullit V nxor\u00ebn poet\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj lirik\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb vargjet e tyre i k\u00ebnduan pasionet e vrullshme politike e shoq\u00ebrore, ndjenjat e thella e t\u00eb brishta t\u00eb dashuris\u00eb, t\u00eb dhimbjes, virtytin e urt\u00ebsin\u00eb, natyr\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha drithmat dhe n\u00eb vezullimet e bukuris\u00eb s\u00eb saj<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

*  \n*   *<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

POET\u00cbT E PAR\u00cb LIRIK\u00cb <\/strong>\u2013 Poet\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb lirik\u00eb t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb ishin Terpandri, Arioni, Tirteu, Soloni <\/strong>etj. N\u00eb vargjet e tyre ting\u00ebllon e fuqishme tema e mbrojtjes s\u00eb atdheut<\/em>, thirrja e qytetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar me trim\u00ebri, pa iu trembur vdekjes. (Gjergj Fisht\u00ebn<\/strong>, p\u00ebr lirikat e tij, kritika letrare e ka quajtur Tirteu shqiptar<\/em><\/strong>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poet\u00ebt antik\u00eb krijuan edhe poezi lirike me p\u00ebrmbajtje didaktike<\/em>, q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr veprime t\u00eb mira dhe t\u00eb virtytshme, p\u00ebr dashurin\u00eb ndaj s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs dhe drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr nderimin dhe bindjen ndaj ligjeve t\u00eb shtetit. N\u00eb shum\u00eb poezi u k\u00ebndohet ndjenjave intime<\/em> si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e miq\u00ebsis\u00eb, e dashuris\u00eb, e dhembjes p\u00ebr rrjedh\u00ebn e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr rinin\u00eb, q\u00eb shket pa e kuptuar, nd\u00ebrsa vendin e saj e z\u00eb pleq\u00ebria. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi ting\u00ebllon e fort\u00eb thirrja p\u00ebr ta g\u00ebzuar jet\u00ebn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lirika monodike <\/strong>\u2013 Poezia lirike monodike njohu zhvillim t\u00eb madh te fisi i eol\u00ebve<\/em>, sidomos n\u00eb ishullin Lesbos<\/em>. Prej k\u00ebtu ishin poet\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb Terpandri <\/strong>dhe Arioni<\/strong>, i cili i takon jo vet\u00ebm historis\u00eb por edhe legjend\u00ebs. Babai i historis\u00eb antike, Herodoti <\/strong>(Herodotos Halikarnesseus, 848-424<\/em>) tregon sesi Arioni, duke udh\u00ebtuar n\u00ebp\u00ebr det nga Taranti p\u00ebr n\u00eb Korinth, \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar nga pirat\u00ebt. Poeti k\u00ebndoi nj\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00eb me qesten e tij dhe, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb duart e tyre, u hodh n\u00eb det. Nj\u00eb delfin, i prekur nga tingujt e k\u00ebng\u00ebs, e mori poetin mbi shpin\u00eb dhe e \u00e7oi n\u00eb Kepin e Tenarit. Nj\u00eb legjend\u00eb tjet\u00ebr thot\u00eb se poeti \u00e7alaman Tirteu <\/strong>i priu ushtris\u00eb spartane n\u00eb luft\u00eb, jo si strateg, por me k\u00ebng\u00ebn e tij q\u00eb i ndezi flak\u00eb zemrat e luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve. K\u00ebnga e sirenave (\u201cOdisea\u201d<\/em> K\u00ebnga XII) ose k\u00ebnga e g\u00ebrshet\u00ebzave, e nuseve t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00eb legjendat shqiptare, flasin p\u00ebr forc\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb artit dhe p\u00ebr rolin e tij n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. K\u00ebtu z\u00eb fill edhe nj\u00eb nga parimet themelore t\u00eb teoris\u00eb mbi t\u00eb bukur\u00ebn<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te grek\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr muzika<\/em> ishte\ne lidhur shum\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me poezin\u00eb<\/em>,\nsaq\u00eb n\u00eb fillim lirika u quajt melik\u00eb<\/em>,\nnga fjala melos (k\u00ebng\u00eb)<\/em>. Melika <\/em>lindi n\u00eb ishullin Lesbos, nj\u00eb nga\nvendbanimet e fisit t\u00eb eol\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ishull lind\u00ebn, jetuan dhe krijuan dy nga\npoet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb poezis\u00eb antike greke – Alkeu <\/strong>dhe Safo<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ALKEU <\/strong>\u2013 Ky poet lirik ka jetuar\nmidis shekujve VII dhe VI para K. Poezia e tij u b\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij.\nLuft\u00ebrat e vazhdueshme kund\u00ebr tiran\u00ebve, problemet e m\u00ebrgimit nga atdheu,\nkonfliktet sociale gjet\u00ebn shprehje n\u00eb vargjet e shkruara me shqet\u00ebsim dhe me\nshp\u00ebrthime t\u00eb shpejta, plot thirrje nostalgjike p\u00ebr koh\u00ebt heroike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrokur\narm\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cme burr\u00ebrin\u00eb e et\u00ebrve trima<\/em>
q\u00eb dergjen posht\u00eb n\u00ebn dhe\u201d.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Poeti hedh posht\u00eb edhe paragjykimet mbi bot\u00ebn e p\u00ebrtejme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPo si kujtove ti? Kur t\u00eb kalosh<\/em>
tej Akerontit q\u00eb valon me gjire,<\/em>
kujton se p\u00ebrs\u00ebri do ta shikosh<\/em>
rrezen e past\u00ebr t\u2019diellit? Oh, d\u00ebgjom\u00eb,<\/em>
shporru asi mendimi, je shum\u00eb larg<\/em>
——————————————<\/em>
E nd\u00ebrsa fryn veriu me furi,<\/em>
ta pim\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ver\u00eb si mjalt\u00eb,<\/em>
ila\u00e7 hidh\u00ebrimesh\u201d.  <\/em> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Poeti i ka kushtuar nj\u00eb poezi edhe poetesh\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe – Safos: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFlok\u00ebmanushaqe, t\u00eb dlir\u00eb<\/em>
e me nj\u00eb t\u00eb qeshur t\u00eb \u00ebmb\u00ebl si mjalti\u201d<\/em>.                <\/strong> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            Vargjet e Alkeut dallohen p\u00ebr forc\u00ebn\nshpreh\u00ebse t\u00eb tyre, p\u00ebr figurat e thjeshta dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme dhe p\u00ebr muzikalitetin\ne pasurin\u00eb ritmike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poetesha SAFO <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebse e Alkeut. \u00cbsht\u00eb poetja m\u00eb e madhe e antikitetit. Lindi n\u00eb Eres, por jetoi n\u00eb qytetin kryesor t\u00eb ishullit Lesbos, n\u00eb Mitilin\u00eb. Nga atdheu u largua vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim p\u00ebr n\u00eb Sicili. Bashk\u00ebqytetar\u00ebt e nderonin shum\u00eb, ndaj ia kishin besuar edukimin e vajzave t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn, q\u00eb kishte hapur ajo p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimin e k\u00ebng\u00ebs, valles dhe vjersh\u00ebrimit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safoja jetonte n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e saj fem\u00ebrore, t\u00eb vog\u00ebl e t\u00eb mbyllur, me t\u00eb\ngjitha g\u00ebzimet e dhembjet e nx\u00ebn\u00ebseve \u2013 shoqe t\u00eb saj. G\u00ebzimi i tyre m\u00eb i madh\nishte t\u00eb lexonin, t\u00eb mblidhnin lule e t\u00eb b\u00ebnin me to kurora dhe t\u00eb deheshin me\nbukurin\u00eb e k\u00ebng\u00ebs e t\u00eb valles. Jeta p\u00ebr Safon ishte vet\u00ebm dashuri p\u00ebr \u00e7do gj\u00eb t\u00eb bukur e t\u00eb brisht\u00eb<\/em>. N\u00eb nj\u00eb fragment ajo\nshpreh mendimin se gj\u00ebja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb\n\u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb dashurosh at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e bukur dhe fisnike<\/em>. Poetja e urren luksin\ndhe pasurin\u00eb. Ajo \u00e7mon shum\u00eb virtytet dhe\nbot\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore, t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb ndjenja e mendime<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i bukur \u00ebsht\u00eb ai njeri,<\/em>
q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh nga shpirti\u201d<\/em>.                 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            Tema\nkryesore e poezis\u00eb s\u00eb Safos \u00ebsht\u00eb dashuria<\/em>.\nMe ngroht\u00ebsi dhe thjesht\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, poezia zbulon emocionet e saj intime\ndhe t\u00eb fshehtat e zemr\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Poetja \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngash\u00ebruar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb\ndashuris\u00eb dhe e fton Af\u00ebrdit\u00ebn t\u00eb vij\u00eb e ta \u00e7liroj\u00eb nga mendimet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cO fronstolisur Af\u00ebrdit\u00eb a amshuar,<\/em>
tin\u00ebzarja bij\u00eb e atit Zeus,<\/em>
t\u00eb lutem me brenga e vuajtje,<\/em>
o hyjnesh\u00eb e madhe<\/em>
mos ma lodh zemr\u00ebn,<\/em>
por k\u00ebtu eja…\u201d <\/em>  <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ode<\/em> t\u00eb bukur, poetes i mjafton t\u00eb shoh\u00eb fytyr\u00ebn hyjnore t\u00eb Af\u00ebrdit\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur ngush\u00ebllim e p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpresuar se dashuria e humbur do t\u2019i kthehet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me gjith\u00eb madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb e saj si hyjnesh\u00eb, Af\u00ebrdita \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb me tipare\nnjer\u00ebzore q\u00eb e ndihmojn\u00eb poeten t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb pasionin e saj. Poetja e quan at\u00eb \u201cshoqe lufte\u201d<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Safoja ka ndjenja t\u00eb holla poetike, aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u2019i kapur dridhjet,\nrog\u00ebtimat m\u00eb t\u00eb thella t\u00eb shpirtit t\u00eb njeriut, z\u00ebrat e panum\u00ebrta t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb\nshoh\u00eb ngjyrat m\u00eb delikate t\u00eb saj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar me t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto gjendje psikologjike,\nharmoni tingujsh e melodish, t\u00eb rralla n\u00eb poezin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Ndjenjat e saj ajo\ni derdh n\u00eb vargje me nj\u00eb ngroht\u00ebsi dhe thjesht\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga poezia e saj u ndikuan poet\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, sidomos liriku romak Katuli <\/strong>(Gaius Valerius Catullus, 84-54) por edhe poeti i madh italiani kap\u00ebrcyellit t\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs dhe shekullit t\u00eb ri, Dante Aligieri <\/strong>(Dante Alighieri, 1265-1321) si dhe poeti italian Fran\u00e7esko Petrarka <\/strong>(Francesko Petrarca, 1304-1374), n\u00eb sonetet<\/em> dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebt e tyre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 lirik\u00ebs s\u00eb dashuris\u00eb<\/em>,\nSafoja u b\u00eb e njohur edhe p\u00ebr epitalam\u00ebt<\/em>,\nk\u00ebng\u00ebt e dasm\u00ebs. K\u00ebto k\u00ebng\u00eb k\u00ebndoheshin nat\u00ebn, kur n\u00ebn drit\u00ebn e pishtar\u00ebve e\n\u00e7onin nusen n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e dh\u00ebndrit dhe shoq\u00ebroheshin me refrenin \u201cHymen, o hymene\u201d<\/em>. Me epitalam\u00ebt e saj,\nme nj\u00eb pasuri t\u00eb madhe krahasimesh <\/em>dhe\nsimilitudash <\/em>t\u00eb tipit folklorik,\nSafoja na p\u00ebrkujton k\u00ebng\u00ebt popullore t\u00eb dasm\u00ebs, t\u00eb njohura qysh n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e Homerit<\/strong>. N\u00eb nj\u00eb fragment t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr,\nme nj\u00eb paraleliz\u00ebm figurativ, jepet portreti i nuses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c…se\u00e7 kuq\u00eblon molla e \u00ebmb\u00ebl maj\u00eb deg\u00ebs,<\/em>
n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb maj\u00ebs, vjel\u00ebsit e harruan.<\/em>
Jo, s\u2019e harruan, por s\u2019e arrit\u00ebn dot\u201d.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dh\u00ebndri krahasohet me nj\u00eb fidan t\u00eb bukur, t\u00eb hedhur aq lart, saq\u00eb \u00e7atia duket e ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00eb lart\u00eb ngrini \u00e7atin\u00eb,<\/em>
O hymene…<\/em>
Si Aresi po kalon dh\u00ebndri\u201d<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Me dy tri poezi t\u00eb plota e me vargje t\u00eb grimcuara e t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura, Safoja\nu b\u00eb e dashur n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebt. Kund\u00ebrshtari i demokracis\u00eb athinase, filozofi\ngrek Platoni <\/strong>(427-347) e ka quajtur\nSafon \u201cMuza e dhjet\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Termi muz\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> vjen nga Greqia antike dhe mitologjia greke. N\u00ebnt\u00eb per\u00ebndeshat \u2013 n\u00ebnt\u00eb vajzat e Zeusit dhe t\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00ebs s\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs, Mnemosim\u00ebs \u2013 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse, mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse apo mecen\u00eb t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb artit: Talia <\/em><\/strong>\u2013mbrojt\u00ebse e komedis\u00eb, m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe e t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebs skenike, teatrore; Urania <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e astronomis\u00eb; Melpomena <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e tragjedis\u00eb; Polihimnia <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e poezis\u00eb lirike; Erato<\/strong> \u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e poezis\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht e poezis\u00eb epike; Klio<\/strong> \u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e historis\u00eb; Kaliopa <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e deklamimit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht e oratoris\u00eb; Euterpa <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e muzik\u00ebs; dhe Terpsihora <\/strong>\u2013 mbrojt\u00ebse e vall\u00ebzimit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANAKREONTI <\/strong>\u2013 Ky poet i shquar lirik lindi n\u00eb qytetin jonian Teos, n\u00eb bregdetin e Azis\u00eb s\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, midis shekujve VI dhe V para K. Poezia e k\u00ebtij k\u00ebng\u00ebtari, q\u00eb jetoi mbi tet\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet, p\u00ebr nga karakteri dhe fryma, eci n\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e poezis\u00eb s\u00eb Safos dhe t\u00eb Alkeut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb vargjet e tij plot muzikalitet, i k\u00ebndoi dashuris\u00eb, ver\u00ebs, u k\u00ebndoi gostive, valleve e luleve dhe g\u00ebzimeve t\u00eb jet\u00ebs<\/em>. P\u00ebr dallim nga ndjenjat e thella e t\u00eb trishtuara t\u00eb Safos, ndjenjat e Anakreontit jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta dhe t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqshme. Brengat e dashuris\u00eb, poeti i kap\u00ebrcen leht\u00eb, me tone gazmore dhe me nj\u00eb humor t\u00eb holl\u00eb. Nga kjo n\u00ebnkuptohet se, p\u00ebrpos dashuris\u00eb, jeta ka edhe g\u00ebzime t\u00eb tjera. Vajza e bukur\u00a0nga Lezbosi ia shan poetit flok\u00ebt e thinjur, nd\u00ebrsa kjo ia p\u00ebrkujton atij pleq\u00ebrin\u00eb. Mbase vajza tanim\u00eb dashuron dik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, poeti nuk d\u00ebshp\u00ebrohet, por pik\u00ebllohet kur i shkon nd\u00ebrmend se po i afrohet fundi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poetit i p\u00eblqen ta shijoj\u00eb jet\u00ebn me t\u00eb gjitha g\u00ebzimet e saj, i p\u00eblqen\nvera, por jo edhe sa t\u00eb dehet, i japin k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi vajzat e bukura, por jo edhe sa\nt\u2019i dridhet zemra. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ai urdh\u00ebron q\u00eb ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb gati p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndeshur me\nper\u00ebndin\u00eb e dashuris\u00eb, Erosin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vargjet e Anakreontit shquhen p\u00ebr ndjenj\u00ebn e sinqert\u00eb, p\u00ebr shprehjen e\nthjesht\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr qart\u00ebsin\u00eb e figurave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lirika korale <\/strong>\u2013 Ky lloj i lirik\u00ebs u\nzhvillua n\u00eb shekujt VI dhe V para K. n\u00eb fisin e dor\u00ebve<\/em>. Poezia korale k\u00ebndohej n\u00eb mes t\u00eb popullit dhe n\u00eb vende\npublike nga nj\u00eb grup njer\u00ebzish. Shprehte ndjenja, mendime dhe d\u00ebshira t\u00eb\np\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb qytetin. N\u00eb festat popullore fetare, n\u00eb dasma e funerale,\nn\u00eb loj\u00ebra olimpike p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb hyjnive t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, koret e dor\u00ebve<\/em> ushtonin n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e qyteteve\nduke vall\u00ebzuar dhe duke k\u00ebnduar me nj\u00eb stil solemn. N\u00eb k\u00ebto manifestime merrnin\npjes\u00eb atlet\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjitha krahinat e Greqis\u00eb. Loj\u00ebrat shnd\u00ebrroheshin n\u00eb festa\npopullore. N\u00eb atdheun e tyre fituesit nderoheshin gati si hyjni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

PINDARI <\/strong>\u2013 \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi m\u00eb i\nmadh i lirik\u00ebs korale<\/em> dhe nj\u00eb nga\npoet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb antikitetit. Ka jetuar midis shekujve VI dhe V para K.\nLindi n\u00eb nj\u00eb fshat t\u00eb Beotis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje me tradita muzikore. Sa poet, aq\nedhe muzikant, Pindari l\u00ebvroi lloje t\u00eb ndryshme poetike t\u00eb k\u00ebnduara n\u00eb kor, si himne<\/em>, ode<\/em>. U shqua sidomos p\u00ebr epiniket\n<\/em>e tij. N\u00eb to himnizon me tone t\u00eb ngritura fitoret e atlet\u00ebve n\u00eb garat e\nndryshme q\u00eb organizoheshin p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb hyjnive t\u00eb caktuar. Duke marr\u00eb shkas\nprej k\u00ebtyre ngjarjeve, poeti nxjerr p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsime me karakter moral mbi virtytin, t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, ndershm\u00ebrin\u00eb,\nmir\u00ebsin\u00eb, e ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht mbi bukurin\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore e fizike t\u00eb njeriut<\/em>. Ky\nishte mish\u00ebrim i idealit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs<\/em> dhe\nsh\u00ebmb\u00eblltyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talenti i k\u00ebtij poeti shp\u00ebrthen kur dep\u00ebrton n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e<\/em> miteve<\/em> dhe t\u00eb<\/em> legjendave<\/em>, n\u00eb ato bredhje poetike q\u00eb tanim\u00eb njihen me shprehjen \u201cfluturime pindarike\u201d<\/em>. Poeti romak Horaci <\/strong>(Quintus Horatius Flaccus, 65-8), i shkolluar n\u00eb Rom\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb figurative e p\u00ebrfytyron Pindarin, si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrrua t\u00eb vrullsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb rrjedh nga malet, duke rr\u00ebmbyer n\u00eb shtratin e tij gjith\u00e7ka<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuptimi i jet\u00ebs p\u00ebr Pindarin q\u00ebndron n\u00eb vet\u00ebflijimin p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb larta e fisnike<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c… e mira m\u00eb e par\u00eb jan\u00eb veprat e hijshme<\/em>
nd\u00ebrsa nami, e dyta. <\/em>
Kush ndeshi dhe rroku t\u00eb dyja,<\/em>
m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00ebn kuror\u00eb fitoi\u201d.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Heroizmi<\/em> dhe lavdia<\/em> jan\u00eb dy shtyllat kryesore mbi t\u00eb cilat ngrihet poezia e\nPindarit. Legjenda thot\u00eb se kur Aleksandri i Madh e ka rr\u00ebnuar Teb\u00ebn, u paska\nth\u00ebn\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij: \u201cSht\u00ebpin\u00eb e\npoetit mos e digjni!\u201d<\/em> Pindari dhe Homeri kan\u00eb qen\u00eb p\u00ebr Lek\u00ebn e Madh poet\u00ebt\nm\u00eb dashur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pindari sheh te poezia zjarrin q\u00eb ngre pesh\u00eb zemrat dhe zgjon ndjenja t\u00eb bukura. Jan\u00eb me interes mendimet e poetit p\u00ebr rolin e poezis\u00eb, t\u00eb shprehura n\u00eb vargjet e tij. \u201cFjala jeton m\u00eb gjat\u00eb se vepra dhe po qe se del nga thell\u00ebsia e zemr\u00ebs, e b\u00ebn at\u00eb t\u00eb pavdekshme. Edhe veprat m\u00eb t\u00eb bukura mbeten t\u00eb mbuluara nga err\u00ebsira, po qe se nuk k\u00ebndohen n\u00eb himne\u201d<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me Pindarin mbyllet periudha e shk\u00eblqyer e poezis\u00eb q\u00eb lul\u00ebzoi me aq bukuri n\u00eb fiset eole <\/em>dhe dore<\/em>. Tanim\u00eb kushtet e reja shoq\u00ebrore k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb shprehjes artistike dhe kjo ishte poezia dramatike<\/em><\/strong>. Ajo e filloi rrug\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, para mesit t\u00eb shekullit V para K.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*   *   *<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7\u00cbSHTJA HOMERIKE\u201d <\/strong>– P\u00ebr Homerin <\/strong>(shekulli VIII para K.) asgj\u00eb s\u2019<\/strong>dihet me sakt\u00ebsi. E konsiderojn\u00eb autor t\u00eb ep\u00ebve \u201cIliada\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201cOdisea<\/em>. Epoka antike e konsideronte personalitet historik. T\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb u mor\u00ebn me \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtjen homerike\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ishin gramatikan\u00ebt aleksandrin\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjen homerike n\u00eb kuptimin e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs, e shtroi filologu klasik gjerman F. A. Wolf<\/strong> n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cMbi Homerin\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (Prolegomena ad Homerum, 1795). Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, Vulfi shprehu dilem\u00eb radikale p\u00ebr ekzistimin e Homerit. Ai thot\u00eb: \u201cHomerum numquam fuisse suscipio \u2013 Dyshoj q\u00eb Homeri t\u00eb ket\u00eb ekzistuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb)<\/em>. Teza e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb se poezia homerike \u00ebsht\u00eb poezi gojore<\/em><\/strong>, shkrimi i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ka lindur jo m\u00eb par\u00eb se n\u00eb epok\u00ebn klasike<\/em><\/strong>. Teza e Vulfit sh\u00ebnon fillimin e shkoll\u00ebs analitike n\u00eb homerologji<\/strong>. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e k\u00ebsaj shkolle thon\u00eb se teksti i \u201cIliad\u00ebs\u201d <\/em>dhe i \u201cOdises\u00eb\u201d <\/em>ka lindur me bashkimin artizanal t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve t\u00eb vogla. Ata thon\u00eb po ashtu se teksti i ep\u00ebve mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb lindur nga nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb e vog\u00ebl<\/em> e cila, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar me shtesa t\u00eb tjera. Studiuesit klasik\u00eb gjerman\u00eb Fr. A Wolf<\/strong> dhe K. Lachmann <\/strong>epet popullore t\u00eb m\u00ebdha i kan\u00eb sqaruar me an\u00eb t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve<\/strong>. <\/em>S\u00eb pari kan\u00eb lindur k\u00ebng\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebng\u00ebtar\u00ebt apo rapsod\u00ebt i kan\u00eb lidhur dhe k\u00ebsisoj jan\u00eb krijuar epet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrball\u00eb tyre q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb unionist\u00ebt <\/strong>t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pohonin se q\u00eb t\u00eb dy epet, \u201cIliada\u201d<\/em> dhe \u201cOdisea\u201d<\/em> artistikisht jan\u00eb vepra unike, t\u00eb cilat i krijoi poeti gjenial \u2013 Homeri<\/strong>, duke p\u00ebrdorur l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn rr\u00ebfime t\u00eb caktuara, tanim\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara, si t\u00ebr\u00ebsi t\u00eb rrumbullakuara. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb shekullin XX, nj\u00eb teori t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr lindjen e\nep\u00ebve t\u00eb Homerit paraqit\u00ebn edhe studiuesit amerikan\u00eb M. Parry <\/strong>dhe A. Lord<\/strong>, t\u00eb\ncil\u00ebt Homerin<\/strong> dhe poezin\u00eb\nepike gojore t\u00eb popujve ballkanik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> e studiuan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb krahasimtare<\/em><\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mes duhet theksuar romani \u201cDosja H\u201d<\/em> e Ismail Kadares\u00eb <\/strong>ku flitet p\u00ebr dy studiues fiktiv\u00eb irlandezo-amerikan\u00eb, Maks Roth dhe Vili Norton, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nisen p\u00ebr n\u00eb malet e humbura t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb veriore t\u00eb paraluft\u00ebs, me magnetofon n\u00eb dor\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb atdheut t\u00eb eposit. T\u00eb dy folklorist\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebr synim t\u00eb hetojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhjeje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb midis poezis\u00eb homerike<\/em><\/strong> dhe k\u00ebng\u00ebve heroike <\/em><\/strong>t\u00eb k\u00ebnduara nga mal\u00ebsor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb me lahutat e tyre<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli Poezia lirike lindi dhe u zhvillua n\u00eb shekujt VII dhe VI para K. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha kur n\u00eb gjirin e rendit t\u00eb aristokracis\u00eb fisnore u poq\u00ebn elementet e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb skllavopronare. Ndryshimet soll\u00ebn shkat\u00ebrrimin e mbret\u00ebrive, dikur t\u00eb fuqishme, t\u00eb epok\u00ebs heroike q\u00eb k\u00ebndoi \u201cIliada\u201d dhe \u201cOdisea\u201d. Mbret\u00ebrit\u00eb u fik\u00ebn nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u2019i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nPOEZIA LIRIKE ANTIKE GREKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/poezia-lirike-antike-greke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"POEZIA LIRIKE ANTIKE GREKE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Poezia lirike lindi dhe u zhvillua n\u00eb shekujt VII dhe VI para K. \u00cbsht\u00eb koha kur n\u00eb gjirin e rendit t\u00eb aristokracis\u00eb fisnore u poq\u00ebn elementet e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb skllavopronare. 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