{"id":52375,"date":"2020-03-08T08:35:27","date_gmt":"2020-03-08T07:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=52375"},"modified":"2020-03-08T08:35:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-08T07:35:27","slug":"aristoteli-poetika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/aristoteli-poetika\/","title":{"rendered":"ARISTOTELI \u2013 \u201cPOETIKA\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"XhelalXhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aristoteli<\/strong> (384-322 para K.) \u00cbsht\u00eb filozof grek m\u00eb i gjithansh\u00ebm dhe teoricien i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb i periudh\u00ebs antike. Nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebve. Lindi n\u00eb Stragir\u00eb, qytet n\u00eb bregdetin trak t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb Athin\u00eb. Ishte nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i filozofit t\u00eb madh grek Platonit<\/strong> (427-347 para K.). Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, u edukua dhe m\u00ebsimet e para t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb i mori n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e themeluesit t\u00eb idealizmit objektiv<\/em><\/strong>, Platonit. Shkoll\u00ebn filozofike t\u00eb njohur si Akademi, Platoni e themeloi n\u00eb nj\u00eb korie, vendi ku ra heroi grek Akademos.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 342, Aristoteli \u00a0shkoi n\u00eb oborrin mbret\u00ebror t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, i ftuar nga mbreti Filip si m\u00ebsues t\u00eb djalit t\u00eb tij Aleksandrit. Aty filozofi q\u00ebndroi shtat\u00eb vjet. M\u00ebsimet e Aristotelit ndikuan shum\u00eb n\u00eb formimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Aleksandrit. M\u00ebsimet q\u00eb mori ai nga filozofi i madh mb\u00ebshteteshin n\u00eb arritjet e deriat\u00ebhershme t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs greke. Prij\u00ebsi i ardhsh\u00ebm luftarak mori m\u00ebsime sidomos p\u00ebr poemat e Homerit<\/strong>. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim Aristoteli p\u00ebrgatiti p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e tij nj\u00eb botim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb poemave homerike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 335 para K. u kthye n\u00eb Athin\u00eb. Aty themeloi nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb e cila u quajt shkolla peripatetike<\/em><\/strong>. M\u00ebsimet n\u00eb t\u00eb mbaheshin n\u00eb natyr\u00eb apo n\u00eb sheshin pran\u00eb tempullit t\u00eb Apolonit.<\/p>\n

Athina e cila ndodhej n\u00ebn hegjemonin\u00eb maqedonase, ngriti krye me shpres\u00eb se do t\u00eb fitonte lirin\u00eb. Tani armiqt\u00eb e Aristotelit nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb kund\u00ebr tij. E faj\u00ebsonin p\u00ebr lidhjet q\u00eb mbante me Maqedonin\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, Aristoteli u detyrua t\u00eb\u00a0 largohej nga Athina. Vajti n\u00eb Kalkid\u00eb, qytet dhe port i Greqis\u00eb n\u00eb ishullin Eube. Vdiq aty n\u00eb vitin 322 para K. n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 62-vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

Aristoteli, nj\u00eb nga mendjet m\u00eb t\u00eb ndritura dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb thella t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebve, shkroi p\u00ebr shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb matematik\u00ebs, l\u00ebroi t\u00eb gjitha fushat e dijes, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb vepra me vler\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr filozofin\u00eb, etik\u00ebn, logjik\u00ebn, politik\u00ebn, shkencat e natyr\u00ebs, artin etj. Rreth 120 veprat e tij krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj enciklopedie. N\u00eb to p\u00ebrfshihen njohuri nga t\u00eb gjitha fushat e dijes. N\u00eb \u00e7do vep\u00ebr t\u00eb Aristotelit bie n\u00eb sy dashuria p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn<\/em>. Ndon\u00ebse e adhuronte dhe e nderonte shum\u00eb m\u00ebsuesin e tij, Platonin, p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje filozofike dhe estetike t\u00eb caktuara kishin dallime n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje. N\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr t\u00eb tij Aristoteli thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme t\u00eb kesh respekt p\u00ebr miqt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, por midis miqve dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb e shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb duash m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn. Nga kjo lindi shprehja latine. \u201cMik \u00ebsht\u00eb Platoni, por mike m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa vepra t\u00eb tij, let\u00ebrsin\u00eb dhe artet Aristoteli i konsideron si mjete me fuqi edukuese t\u00eb madhe. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> thot\u00eb se qytetar\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb merren me pun\u00eb, t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb paqen dhe t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb vepra t\u00eb dobishme e t\u00eb bukura. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim, filozofi i kushton r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe edukimit t\u00eb njeriut me muzik\u00eb <\/em>dhe me arte <\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb cilat ushqejn\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrisht dhe n\u00eb aspektin intelektual.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cPOETIKA\u201d <\/strong>\u2013 Pik\u00ebpamjet e tij p\u00ebr artin e ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr poezin\u00eb (epik\u00ebn, lirik\u00ebn dhe tragjedin\u00eb) Aristoteli i ka paraqitur n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> (Mbi artin poetik)<\/em> e cila ka arritur n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb cunguar. Por, edhe me kaq, mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb ide e qart\u00eb mbi pik\u00ebpamjet estetike<\/em> t\u00eb filozofit dhe estetit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjet letrare Aristoteli i ka shtjelluar n\u00eb dy veprat e tij n\u00eb proz\u00eb: \u201cRetorika\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>si dhe \u00a0\u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em>. <\/strong>N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cRetorika\u201d<\/em> i paraqet rregullat\u00a0 e oratoris\u00eb dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e stilit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> (Peri poietikes \u2013 Mbi artin poetik, <\/em>viti 334 para K.) Aristoteli \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari i cili hap \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e llojeve<\/em> dhe t\u00eb gjinive<\/em> poetike dhe i num\u00ebron ato: poezia epike, tragjedia, komedia, ditirambi, himni, parodia<\/em><\/strong> etj., duke i theksuar edhe karakteristikat e tyre.<\/p>\n

Thelbin e poezis\u00eb e p\u00ebrcakton si mimesis <\/em><\/strong>(greqisht: mimeomai \u2013<\/em> imitoj, p\u00ebrngjasoj<\/em><\/strong>), d.m.th. si veprimtari krijuese t\u00eb artistit.<\/p>\n

Aristoteli i p\u00ebrcakton kufijt\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet poezis\u00eb dhe jopoezis\u00eb (asaj q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb poezi), duke theksuar madh\u00ebsin\u00eb, dinjitetin dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb njoh\u00ebse t\u00eb poezis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

I p\u00ebrcakton nocionet themelore n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e vepr\u00ebs artistike (fabula, peripecia, episodi, thurja<\/em><\/strong> (g\u00ebrshetimi), shthurja <\/strong>(zgjidhja), personazhi, gjuha, ideja)<\/strong><\/em>, duke e konsideruar at\u00eb si nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi t\u00eb harmonishme t\u00eb rrumbullakuar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Teoria estetike e Aristotelit mbi poezin\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim i nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb klasike greke dhe t\u00eb mendimeve, q\u00eb pat\u00ebn dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt para tij mbi t\u00eb bukur\u00ebn<\/em><\/strong>, por q\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur n\u00eb mjegullnajat e koh\u00ebve. \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> mbetet monumenti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i mendimit estetik n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn klasike greke.<\/p>\n

Aty trajtohen \u00e7\u00ebshtjet kryesore t\u00eb estetik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb artit, si: kuptimi i s\u00eb bukur\u00ebs, prejardhja e gjinive letrare<\/em> dhe klasifikimi i tyre, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb me realitetin, parimet e vler\u00ebsimit artistik (vler\u00ebsimi objektiv<\/strong> <\/em>dhe vler\u00ebsimi subjektiv<\/strong><\/em> i vepr\u00ebs letrare artistike) etj.<\/p>\n

A \u00ebsht\u00eb arti reflektim i realitetit, apo ekziston i pavarur nga realja? A \u00ebsht\u00eb arti imitim i realitetit apo \u00ebsht\u00eb fush\u00eb e m\u00ebvet\u00ebsishme q\u00eb nuk varet nga realiteti? A do t\u00eb ishte Niagara e bukur, sikur t\u00eb mos kishte njer\u00ebz n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb do ta shijonin bukurin\u00eb e saj, apo ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e bukur vet\u00ebm po qe se ka njer\u00ebz n\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e konsiderojn\u00eb si t\u00eb till\u00eb, pra t\u00eb bukur?<\/p>\n

Platoni thot\u00eb se bota \u00ebsht\u00eb imitim<\/em><\/strong>, nd\u00ebrsa arti \u00ebsht\u00eb imitim i bot\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>. Nga kjo del arti \u00ebsht\u00eb imitim i imitimit<\/em><\/strong>. Kjo pik\u00ebpamje e Platonit u quajt teori e mimezisit<\/em><\/strong>. Platoni pyet: \u201cPo qe se arti \u00ebsht\u00eb imitim i bot\u00ebs apo i realitetit, at\u00ebher\u00eb si \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb Homeri<\/strong> t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs, p\u00ebrderisa nuk ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb?!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Aristoteli e ka quajtur vepr\u00ebn \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> pasi aty trajton probleme q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha gjinit\u00eb letrare q\u00eb shkruhen n\u00eb vargje si\u00e7 jan\u00eb eposi, poezia lirike <\/em><\/strong>dhe poezia dramatike<\/em><\/strong>. Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht vargu ai q\u00eb e ka shtyr\u00eb filozofin e madh ta em\u00ebrtoj\u00eb vepr\u00ebn k\u00ebsisoj. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtja ajo q\u00eb e dallon artin e fjal\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong> nga llojet e tjera t\u00eb shkrimit.<\/p>\n

Duke e zb\u00ebrthyer kuptimin dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e artit, Aristoteli thot\u00eb se \u201cdetyra e poetit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb flas\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndodhur n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, por edhe p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb, p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme dhe e domosdoshme t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Duke e analizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb mendim tejet t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb nd\u00ebrthuret edhe me artin realist<\/em>, del si p\u00ebrfundim ideja se poezia apo arti n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi i pasqyron v\u00ebrtet an\u00ebt m\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, por nuk i paraqet ato thjesht ashtu si\u00e7 jan\u00eb, n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb ngrir\u00eb dhe statike, por n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kreative, n\u00eb lidhjet e tyre t\u00eb brendshme, n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje dhe n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim, Aristoteli e quan poezin\u00eb si di\u00e7ka m\u00eb filozofike dhe m\u00eb universale, n\u00eb krahasim me historin\u00eb q\u00eb i tregon gj\u00ebrat vet\u00ebm ashtu si\u00e7 kan\u00eb ndodhur. K\u00ebshtu duhet kuptuar mendimi shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i autorit se \u201cvepra artistike duhet ta tejkaloj\u00eb modelin\u201d<\/em>. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, poeti apo artisti nuk duhet ta riprodhoj\u00eb realitetin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dokumentuese, por duke i analizuar diturit\u00eb e ve\u00e7anta, t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsoj\u00eb kuptimin e shkaqeve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Duhet shtuar se studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm Poetik\u00ebn\u201d<\/em> e Aristotelit e kan\u00eb interpretuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra dhe n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme, si dhe nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Vendin kryesor n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cPoetika\u201d<\/em> e z\u00eb teoria mbi tragjedin\u00eb. <\/em>N\u00eb t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr zanafill\u00ebn dhe zhvillimin historik t\u00eb saj, duke sjell\u00eb shembuj nga vepra t\u00eb tragjik\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj grek\u00eb. R\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb kan\u00eb mendimet e Aristotelit lidhur me ndikimin e tragjedis\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjen e njer\u00ebzve. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tmerrit dhe dhembjes, ajo i b\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb duke i pastruar nga pasionet e liga. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, spektator\u00ebt ose lexuesit, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb estetike q\u00eb ndjejn\u00eb duke par\u00eb ose duke lexuar nj\u00eb tragjedi, leht\u00ebsohen dhe \u00e7lirohen shpirt\u00ebrisht, nd\u00ebrsa ndjenjat e tyre fisnik\u00ebrohen.<\/p>\n

Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb katarz\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>(greqisht: kathairo \u2013 pastroj). Teoricieni i tragjedis\u00eb, Aristoteli, termin katarz\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>(katarzis) <\/em>e futi n\u00eb dramaturgji me kuptimin \u201cpastrim nga pasionet\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Pastrimi i ndjenjave n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ast t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb, vendimtar dhe kulmor t\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb dhe zbutje e gjendjes shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb nder\u00eb. N\u00eb \u00e7astin e kthes\u00ebs n\u00eb tragjedi, personazhi kryesor arrin q\u00ebllimin e vet t\u00eb madh dhe nj\u00ebherazi ia del t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb edhe t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn e plot\u00eb apo lajthitjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb jepte edhe jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar tragjedia ndikim pastrues te spektatori nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb saj heronj t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb nga lumturia n\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsi dhe anasjelltas. Me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb, heroi t\u00eb jet\u00eb njeri i zakonsh\u00ebm, jo i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr nga virtyti dhe drejt\u00ebsia dhe q\u00eb bie n\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsi, jo ngase \u00ebsht\u00eb i lig dhe me vese, por p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur g\u00ebzonte nder dhe lumturi, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shembull Edipi ose personazhe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ndonj\u00eb kapitull t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs, Aristoteli flet edhe p\u00ebr poezin\u00eb epike<\/em><\/strong>, p\u00ebr zanafill\u00ebn e saj etj. Gjinin\u00eb epike e krahason me at\u00eb tragjike, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se \u00e7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb i bashkon apo q\u00eb i dallon ato nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. Sipas mendimit t\u00eb Aristotelit, \u201cpoezia epike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjini m\u00eb e hershme dhe m\u00eb pak e p\u00ebrsosur se tragjedia e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrqendruar dhe ka fuqi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe veprimi\u201d<\/em>. Ai pohon se \u201ct\u00eb gjitha elementet q\u00eb i ka epopeja, i ka edhe tragjedia, kurse t\u00eb gjitha elementet e tragjedis\u00eb nuk i gjen n\u00eb epope\u201d. <\/em>P\u00ebrpos k\u00ebsaj, tragjedia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ngjeshur n\u00eb veprim. Epopeja \u201cka nj\u00eb unitet m\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebt dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb e d\u00ebshmon edhe fakti se prej \u00e7do imitimi epik mund t\u00eb dalin shum\u00eb tragjedi\u201d<\/em>. Nga t\u00eb gjitha vrojtimet q\u00eb b\u00ebn lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, autori vjen n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim se tragjedia q\u00ebndron m\u00eb lart\u00eb se epopeja.<\/p>\n

Me \u201cPoetik\u00ebn\u201d<\/em> e tij, Aristoteli krijoi nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr q\u00eb shquhet p\u00ebr thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e analiz\u00ebs. Ai i vuri themelet e mendimit estetik<\/em> t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr shum\u00eb probleme teorike t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Aristoteli ndikoi fuqimisht n\u00eb zhvillimin e estetik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb apo t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs mbi let\u00ebrsin\u00eb. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e terminologjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij themelore dhe burimore profesionale \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandar\u00eb e \u00e7do shkence t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

PIK\u00cbPAMJET TEORIKO-LETRARE DHE ESTETIKE PAS ARISTOTELIT<\/strong><\/p>\n

HORACI<\/strong> (Kvint Horacije Flak, 65-8 para K.) \u00ebsht\u00eb poet romak. Bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebs i epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Augustit. Shkroi letr\u00ebn qarkore kushtuar familjes s\u00eb Pizon\u00ebve \u201cEpistula ad Pisones\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>M\u00eb von\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ia shtuan titullin e vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb Aristotelit, ndaj m\u00eb tep\u00ebr njihet me titullin \u201cDe arte poetica\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>ose \u201cArs poetica\u201d<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

BUALO <\/strong>(Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux, 1636-1711), \u00ebsht\u00eb poet dhe kritik francez. Autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cL\u2019art po<\/em><\/strong>\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>tique <\/em><\/strong>(Arti poetik, 1674)<\/em> q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb poem\u00eb didaktike n\u00eb kat\u00ebr k\u00ebndime. Bualo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb oborrtare t\u00eb shekullit XVII<\/em><\/strong> dhe i racionalizmit<\/em><\/strong> borgjez q\u00eb do t\u00eb zhvillohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XVIII. K\u00ebrkon q\u00eb poet\u00ebt, krahas talentit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb \u00e7mojn\u00eb edhe arsyen<\/em> (racion) <\/em>dhe q\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb fam\u00eb dhe vler\u00ebsim, ngase ideja<\/em> dhe p\u00ebrmbajtja ideore<\/em> jan\u00eb shenja thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs poetike. Flet gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr format poetike<\/em> duke i paraqitur karakteristika e holl\u00ebsishme t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb l\u00ebmin e dram\u00ebs<\/em> mbron me vendosm\u00ebri parimin e tri nj\u00ebsive<\/em> (vendit, koh\u00ebs, veprimit).\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shekullin XVIII<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb rrethana shoq\u00ebrore dhe kulturore t\u00eb reja, paraqiten kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e parimeve t\u00eb poetikave t\u00eb hershme<\/em><\/strong>. Kund\u00ebrshtohen sidomos idet\u00eb themelore t\u00eb harmonis\u00eb, t\u00eb rendit, t\u00eb rregullave<\/em> dhe t\u00eb qet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb arsyes<\/em>. Ideja e gjeniut poetik<\/em><\/strong>, e gjeniut t\u00eb krijuesit dhe besimi n\u00eb gjenialitetin e poetit u b\u00ebn\u00eb nocione vendimtare dhe themelore t\u00eb poetik\u00ebs t\u00eb cilat i zgjerojn\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet e hershme, duke hapur pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb reja mbi krijimtarin\u00eb poetike.<\/p>\n

Romantizmi evropian<\/em><\/strong> nuk solli ndonj\u00eb vep\u00ebr teorike t\u00eb sistematizuar mbi poetik\u00ebn, por paraqiti pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb reja t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Poezin\u00eb e theksoi si form\u00eb dhe si shkall\u00eb t\u00eb njohjes, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e thell\u00eb, m\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se filozofia, shkenca dhe religjioni. Gjeniu i poetit nuk mund t\u00eb pengohet nga kurrfar\u00eb rregulli poetik<\/em><\/strong>, pra as nga ligjshm\u00ebrit\u00eb e llojeve poetike, p\u00ebr arsye se poeti, pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb vet e ka gjetur n\u00eb veprimtarin\u00eb instinktive t\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijshme<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb frym\u00ebzimin q\u00eb ka pasuar, ndaj t\u00eb cilit nuk ka pasur pushtet.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Modelet e antik\u00ebs dhe poetika e antik\u00ebs nuk jan\u00eb m\u00eb burime t\u00eb vetme. Madje, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e tyre lihen m\u00ebnjan\u00eb dhe nuk p\u00ebrfillen. Shikimet drejtohen tanim\u00eb kah studimi i let\u00ebrsive evropiane dhe p\u00ebrtej evropiane. P\u00ebrvet\u00ebsohen dhe vihen n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim format e let\u00ebrsive t\u00eb ndryshme \u00a0popullore gojore, t\u00eb let\u00ebrsive t\u00eb Lindjes<\/em> dhe t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme<\/em>. Shikimet u drejtuan kah let\u00ebrsia e t\u00ebr\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Problemet e poetik\u00ebs tani do t\u00eb ndri\u00e7ohen nga pik\u00ebpamja bot\u00ebrore dhe mbar\u00eb njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n

Realizmi letrar evropian<\/em><\/strong> jet\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore konkrete dhe aktuale e p\u00ebrcakton me objektin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb dhe qendror t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs letrare. Nocion themelor dhe thelb\u00ebsor b\u00ebhet e v\u00ebrteta<\/em><\/strong> e cila pasqyrohet me p\u00ebrshkrimin e plot\u00eb dhe t\u00eb holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme dhe t\u00eb figurave t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, q\u00eb nga bota fshatare deri te mjediset borgjeze. Bot\u00ebn dhe gj\u00ebrat duhet paraqitur ashtu si\u00e7 jan\u00eb. Frym\u00ebzimin poetik romantik tani do ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb puna intensive e shkrimtarit, vrojtimi i tij i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm dhe pasqyrimi i njer\u00ebzve dhe i sendeve rreth tij. Shkrimtari \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebzhgues dhe d\u00ebshmitar i asaj q\u00eb ka par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Poeti lirik i simbolizmit <\/em><\/strong>francez Pol Verlen<\/strong> (Paul Verlaine, 1844-1896) shkruan vepr\u00ebn \u201cArt po<\/em><\/strong>\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>tique\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Arti poetik, 1874)<\/em>. E ka shkruar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb poezie lirike t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, me gjithsej 36 vargje. Ndon\u00ebse nuk ka krijuar nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr teorike t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb poetik\u00ebs, ngase kryesisht flet p\u00ebr poezin\u00eb lirike<\/em>, megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb thukt\u00eb ka p\u00ebrcaktuar disa premisa teorike t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ide themelore t\u00eb poetik\u00eb s\u00eb re. Verleni k\u00ebrkon n\u00eb poezi, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb muzik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Poetika do t\u00eb paraqiten deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, termi \u201cpoetik\u00eb\u201d<\/em> dal\u00ebngadal\u00eb u hoq nga p\u00ebrdorimi. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb tij u vu n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim termi estetik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb studimit mbete vepra poetike<\/em><\/strong>, e par\u00eb nga determini i saj historik dhe shoq\u00ebror.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aristoteli (384-322 para K.) \u00cbsht\u00eb filozof grek m\u00eb i gjithansh\u00ebm dhe teoricien i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb i periudh\u00ebs antike. Nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebve. Lindi n\u00eb Stragir\u00eb, qytet n\u00eb bregdetin trak t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb. Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb Athin\u00eb. Ishte nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i filozofit t\u00eb madh grek Platonit (427-347 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-histori","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nARISTOTELI \u2013 \u201cPOETIKA\u201d - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/aristoteli-poetika\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ARISTOTELI \u2013 \u201cPOETIKA\u201d - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aristoteli (384-322 para K.) \u00cbsht\u00eb filozof grek m\u00eb i gjithansh\u00ebm dhe teoricien i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb i periudh\u00ebs antike. 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