{"id":53863,"date":"2020-04-14T12:42:33","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T11:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=53863"},"modified":"2020-04-14T12:42:33","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T11:42:33","slug":"ernest-hemiguei-plaku-dhe-deti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ernest-hemiguei-plaku-dhe-deti\/","title":{"rendered":"ERNEST HEMIGUEI \u2013 \u201cPLAKU DHE DETI\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ernest Hemingvei <\/strong>(\"Xhelal) \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimtar amerikan. Lindi n\u00eb Ouk Park (Oak Park) m\u00eb 21 korrik 1899. F\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e kaloi n\u00eb vendlindje. Babai i tij quhej Klerenc (Clarence), nd\u00ebrsa e \u00ebma Grejs Hol (Grace Hall). Ishte i dyti prej gjasht\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tij. Ishin dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebr e kat\u00ebr motra. E pag\u00ebzuan me emrin e gjyshit nga vija e n\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb daj\u00ebs Miler. Heminguei lindi n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e gjyshit ku dhe jetoi familja e tij. Ouk Park ishte nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr banimi e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme, me shumic\u00eb protestant\u00ebsh. Mjedis konservator ku \u00e7mohej puna dhe edukimi fetar. Me t\u00eb atin shpesh shkonte n\u00eb peshkim n\u00eb liqenin Mi\u00e7igen. Pran\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej liqeneve, familja e tij kishte nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpiz\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur \u201cWindermere\u201d. E \u00ebma kishte prirje p\u00ebr k\u00ebng\u00eb. M\u00eb kot u p\u00ebrpoq t\u2019ia mbillte dashurin\u00eb p\u00ebr muzik\u00eb edhe t\u00eb birit. Ai s\u2019ishte p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb. Shkoll\u00ebn fillore dhe t\u00eb mesmen i kreu n\u00eb qytetin e lindjes. Qysh si nx\u00ebn\u00ebs shkolle t\u00eb mesme, sipas sh\u00ebmb\u00eblltyr\u00ebs s\u00eb satirik\u00ebve t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, shkruante artikuj t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkuar me humor<\/em>. I botonte n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \u201cTrapeze\u201d t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs. Me t\u00eb mbaruar shkoll\u00ebn e mesme, m\u00eb 1917 u pun\u00ebsua si reporter n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \u201eKansas City Star\u201c. Heminguei nuk ndoqi studime universitare dhe nuk kreu fakultet.<\/p>\n

Kur u b\u00eb i mosh\u00ebs madhore, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve me shikimin, nuk u pranua n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin ushtarak. Edhe e \u00ebma kishte pasur probleme me syrin e majt\u00eb. Prej muajit dhjetor 1917 deri n\u00eb prill 1918, u pun\u00ebsua si shofer i automjetit t\u00eb ambulanc\u00ebs pran\u00eb \u201cKryqit t\u00eb Kuq\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb s vet shtjellonte dy tipa njer\u00ebzish: N\u00eb grupin e par\u00eb ishin luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e vlerave morale<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00eb cilave edhe vet\u00eb u besonin, e q\u00eb n\u00eb realitet i respektonin vet\u00ebm d\u00ebshirat e veta emocionale. Grupi i dyt\u00eb i p\u00ebrkisni njer\u00ebzit me karakter t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe me emocione primitive.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore u nis p\u00ebr n\u00eb Itali. N\u00eb maj t\u00eb viti 1918 iu bashk\u00ebngjit ekspeditave luftarake. N\u00eb qershor t\u00eb po atij viti u plagos nga nj\u00eb granat\u00eb e pal\u00ebs austriake<\/em><\/strong>. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, nj\u00eb ushtar italian humb jet\u00ebn, tjetrit i shkojn\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa Heminguei humb vet\u00ebdijen. N\u00eb janar t\u00eb viti 1919 nga Evropa kthehet n\u00eb vendlindje. Prind\u00ebrit e sugjerojn\u00eb t\u2019i regjistroj\u00eb studimet universitare. Fjal\u00ebt e tyre Heminguei s\u2019i merrte dot parasysh. Tani koh\u00ebn e lir\u00eb e kalonte n\u00ebp\u00ebr biblioteka dhe duke shkruar. Pas k\u00ebsaj u shp\u00ebrngul n\u00eb \u00c7ikago. Nga vjeshta e vitit 1920 filloi t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn \u201eToronto Star Weekly\u201c. Nj\u00eb dit\u00eb takoi Hedli Ri\u00e7\u00ebrdsonin<\/strong> (Hadley Richardson) dhe u dashurua n\u00eb t\u00eb. N\u00eb shtator t\u00eb viti 1921 u martuan. P\u00ebrparoi n\u00eb pun\u00eb, u b\u00eb korrespondent i \u201eToronto Star Weekly\u201c\u00a0 p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dhjetor 1921, bashk\u00eb me gruan u vendos n\u00eb Paris. K\u00ebtu u njoh me shkrimtar\u00ebt dhe artist\u00ebt e The Lost Generation<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb Paris u njoh edhe me t\u00eb famshmin piktor Pablo Pikaso <\/strong>(Pablo Ruiz Picasso, 18811973). <\/strong>I suksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e gazetaris\u00eb, emri i tij b\u00ebri jehon\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e reporter\u00ebve gazetaresk\u00eb si dhe n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e shkrimtar\u00ebve. Duke qen\u00eb se gruan e kishte gravide, n\u00eb vitin 1923 u kthyen n\u00eb ShBA. N\u00eb tetor u lindi djali Xhon (<\/em><\/strong>John). N\u00eb janar t\u00eb vitit 1924 u kthyen n\u00eb Paris. Kat\u00ebr vjet pas lindjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebs, Heminguei u nda nga gruaja<\/em>. Tani u njoh me Polin\u00eb Fajferin <\/strong>(Pauline Pfeiffer), reportere p\u00ebr revista femrash. U kuror\u00ebzuan. N\u00eb vitin 1927 u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb Florid\u00eb. Po at\u00eb vit, babai<\/em> i Hemingueit, si pasoj\u00eb e problemeve mendore, b\u00ebri vet\u00ebvrasje<\/em><\/strong>. Nj\u00eb vit pas k\u00ebsaj tragjedie familjare, d.m.th.\u00a0 n\u00eb vitin 1928 \u00e7iftit Heminguei i lind djal\u00eb. E pag\u00ebzojn\u00eb Patrik (Patrick).<\/p>\n

Me t\u00eb botuar romanin \u201cDhe dielli lind p\u00ebrs\u00ebri\u201d<\/em> mori mir\u00ebnjohje letrare nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. K\u00ebtu pasqyron jet\u00ebn e brezit t\u00eb humbur <\/em><\/strong>pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb vitin 1929 boti vepr\u00ebn \u201cLamtumir\u00eb arm\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb vitin 1931 i lind edhe nj\u00eb djal\u00eb, Gregori (Gregory), i treti prej dy grave. N\u00eb vitin 1933 Heminguei vajti n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb ku q\u00ebndroi tre muaj. Atje u mor me gjuetin\u00eb e eg\u00ebrsirave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb dalin dy romane realiste t\u00eb tij: \u201cVdekja pasdite\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201eKodrat e gjelbra t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1937 shp\u00ebrthen n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb lufta civile. Heminguei niset p\u00ebr n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb raportuar p\u00ebr \u201eNorth American Newspaper Alliance\u201c. K\u00ebtu u njoh me shkrimtaren e re Marta Gelorn<\/strong> (Martha Gellhorn) me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn hyri n\u00eb dashuri. Kjo lidhje kat\u00ebr vjet u mbajt n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi. U nda nga Polina p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuror\u00ebzuar me Mart\u00ebn. P\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje politike t\u00eb caktuara, \u00a0me Polin\u00ebn kishin dallime n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje. Ajo ishte n\u00eb an\u00ebn e regjimit fashist t\u00eb Frankos, Heminguei nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb an\u00ebn e luajalist\u00ebve komunist\u00eb. Me Mart\u00ebn u shp\u00ebrngul n\u00eb Kub\u00eb. N\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Havan\u00ebs bleu sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb madhe. N\u00eb vitin 1940 botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201d<\/em>. Libri u prit mir\u00eb nga kritika dhe nga publiku. Kjo i solli autorit t\u00eb ardhura financiare t\u00eb konsiderueshme. Brenda gjasht\u00eb muajve u shit\u00ebn pes\u00ebqind mij\u00eb kopje.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore vajti n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar raporte nga fush\u00ebbetejat. Shpejt pas ardhjes n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr p\u00ebrjetoi fatkeq\u00ebsi rrugore. P\u00ebr ta marr\u00eb veten iu desh nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e gjat\u00eb. Gruaja e vet Marta e vizitoi n\u00eb spital, me \u00e7\u2019rast nuk la pa e qortuar p\u00ebr ngasje mjeti n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb dehur. Midis tyre pasoi ndarja.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb e b\u00ebri publike lidhjen e tij t\u00eb re me Merin <\/strong>(Mary). E vazhdoi pun\u00ebn e gazetarit duke raportuar p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn nga Parisi. Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar ishte edhe n\u00eb frontin kinez<\/em><\/strong>. Ushtroi pun\u00ebn e reporterit zyrtar t\u00eb Armat\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb amerikane. N\u00eb mars t\u00eb vitit 1946 u kthye n\u00eb ShBA.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Me jet\u00ebn dhe vepr\u00ebn e tij ushtroi ndikim mbi shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb. Shum\u00eb vepra t\u00eb tij jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb klasik\u00ebt e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb amerikane. Disa prej tyre jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur edh p\u00ebr filma. P\u00ebrvojat jet\u00ebsore ishin burim frym\u00ebzimi p\u00ebr t\u2019i shkruar veprat e veta. B\u00ebri nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb stuhishme t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb me aventura t\u00eb ndryshme. Disa her\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Padrejt\u00ebsin\u00eb politike dhe ekonomike e d\u00ebnoi n\u00eb veprat \u201cT\u00eb kesh dhe t\u00eb mos kesh\u201d<\/em> dhe \u201eKolona e pest\u00eb\u201c<\/em>. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201eP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201c<\/em> flet p\u00ebr problemin e<\/em><\/strong> humbjes s\u00eb liris\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr romanin \u201cPlaku dhe deti\u201d <\/em><\/strong>mori \u00e7mimin amerikan p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi \u201cPulicer\u201d. M\u00eb 28 tetor 1954 mori \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d. N\u00eb ceremonin\u00eb e ndarjes s\u00eb \u00e7mimit n\u00eb Suedi nuk mori pjes\u00eb. Fjalimin q\u00eb e shkroi Heminguei e lexoi ambasadori amerikan Xhon Kabot<\/strong> (John Cabot). Nuk mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb ceremoni ngase brenda nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kishte p\u00ebrjetuar dy fatkeq\u00ebsi ajrore, pas t\u00eb cilave i duhej t\u00eb k\u00ebndellej. N\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsin\u00eb e par\u00eb, bashk\u00eb me Merin, fluturonte mbi qiellin e Afrik\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur tuf\u00ebs s\u00eb shpend\u00ebve, piloti u ra telave t\u00eb telefonis\u00eb. Kaluan pa l\u00ebndime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda. Pas k\u00ebsaj mor\u00ebn nj\u00eb aeroplan tjet\u00ebr. E nd\u00ebrruan dhe pilotin. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri p\u00ebrjetuan fatkeq\u00ebsi ngase mjeti fluturues mori flak\u00eb. Piloti dhe Meri shp\u00ebtuan pa u l\u00ebnduar, nd\u00ebrsa Heminguei p\u00ebsoi fraktur\u00eb n\u00eb kafk\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1960 Heminguei dhe Meri, nga Kuba u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn n\u00eb Idaho. Artistin e madh nis\u00ebn ta p\u00ebrlajn\u00eb mendime suiside (vet\u00ebvras\u00ebse). Paranoja t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjella me depresion u b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandar\u00eb e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. M\u00eb 2 korrik 1961 vrau veten para hyrjes s\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb vet n\u00eb Ke\u00e7um (Ketchum), duke q\u00eblluar me pushk\u00eb n\u00eb kok\u00eb. Lajmi tragjik mori dheun.<\/p>\n

KRIJIMTARIA LETRARE<\/strong> \u2013 Lufta dhe d\u00ebshp\u00ebrimet e pasluft\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong> jan\u00eb tema t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb tregimeve t\u00eb Heminguenit. Ai shkruan p\u00ebr pijen, p\u00ebr promiskuitetin, p\u00ebr dhun\u00ebn, p\u00ebr vdekjen, p\u00ebr viktimat e panevojshme, dhe p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e pakuptimt\u00eb p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb. N\u00eb opusin letrar t\u00eb tij vend qendror z\u00ebn\u00eb tri tema: lufta, lufta me dema<\/em><\/strong> dhe gjuetia<\/em><\/strong>. Duke qen\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb nj\u00eb sportist dhe gjuetar i pasionuar, n\u00eb shum\u00eb vepra trajton tem\u00ebn e peshkimit dhe t\u00eb boksit, e sidomos luft\u00ebn me dema.<\/p>\n

Periudh\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb tij i p\u00ebrkasin veprat \u201cTre rr\u00ebfime dhe dhjet\u00eb poezi\u201d <\/em>dhe romani \u201cV\u00ebrshime pranverore\u201d<\/em>. Mir\u00ebnjohjet e para \u00a0i mori me novelat. I shkroi vazhdimisht deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Botoi disa p\u00ebrmbledhje me novela, duke krijuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zhan\u00ebr realizime t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb autor i disa romaneve: \u201cDhe dielli lind\u201d <\/em>(\u201cFesta\u201d<\/em>). N\u00eb t\u00eb trajtohet jeta e amerikan\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj, \u201cLamtumir\u00eb arm\u00eb\u201d, <\/em>me tema nga Lufta e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, \u201cT\u00eb kesh dhe t\u00eb mos kesh\u201d, <\/em>ku flitet p\u00ebr kontrabandist\u00ebt e Florid\u00ebs, \u201cP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201d, <\/em>ku flitet p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn civile n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb; romani me tem\u00eb dashurie \u201cMatan\u00eb lumit dhe n\u00eb pyll\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e veprave t\u00eb tij jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje tregimesh t\u00eb shkurtra. Midis tyre duhet p\u00ebrmendur \u201cN\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb\u201d, \u201cNjer\u00ebzit pa gra\u201d, \u201cFituesi nuk fiton asgj\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si adhurues i luft\u00ebs me dema, shkruan vepr\u00ebn \u201cVdekja pasdite\u201d, <\/em>me tem\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrsiatje nga nj\u00eb ngjarje e tmerrshme. N\u00eb t\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb zhurnaliste-eseistike shkruan p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn me dema. N\u00eb \u201cRrafshnaltat e gjelbra t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs\u201d <\/em>shkruan p\u00ebr gjuetin\u00eb e eg\u00ebrsirave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

Heminguei i pasqyron p\u00ebrshtypjet e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta dhe objektive. I paraqet aksionet dhe ndodhit\u00eb e fuqishme t\u00eb cilat i p\u00ebrshkruan n\u00eb holl\u00ebsi. Gjendjet emocionale i thur n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitjes s\u00eb aksioneve dhe t\u00eb ngjarjeve.<\/p>\n

Heminguei ka nj\u00eb stil<\/em><\/strong> letrar karakteristik: fjali e shkurt\u00ebr, shum\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje dhe pasqyrimi objektiv i reaksioneve vetjake (mbresa nga ndodhit\u00eb q\u00eb kishte par\u00eb apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat kishte d\u00ebgjuar)<\/em>. Stili letrar i Hemingueit u \u00e7mua lart\u00eb n\u00eb qarqet letrare. Me fjalit\u00eb e gdhendura dhe t\u00eb shkurtra t\u00eb cilat mezi nd\u00ebrlidhen nd\u00ebr vete, me gjuh\u00ebn kolokviale<\/em><\/strong> dhe me fjal\u00ebt tejet t\u00eb kursyera, Heminguei arrin efekte t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. N\u00eb proz\u00ebn e tij, tregimtari duket sikur q\u00ebndron jasht\u00eb ngjarjes dhe sikur nuk e komenton at\u00eb. Nuk kemi kurrfar\u00eb moralizimi<\/em>, patetike<\/em> apo sentimentalizmi<\/em>. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, stili i till\u00eb u quajt \u201chard-boiled\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (i zier mir\u00eb)<\/em>. Pra, fjali t\u00eb shkurtra dhe t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n

Sot ia veshin meritat p\u00ebr prurjen n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi t\u00eb motiveve t\u00eb reja<\/em>. Konsiderohet themelues i tregimit modern t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr<\/em><\/strong> dhe mjesht\u00ebr i paarritsh\u00ebm i form\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Pas suksesit t\u00eb madh q\u00eb arriti me librat e vet, me ardhjen e gjeneratave t\u00eb reja t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, Heminguein filluan ta \u00e7mojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak. Shum\u00eb v\u00ebrejtje iu b\u00ebn\u00eb sidomos romaneve t\u00eb tij. Mir\u00ebpo, kur u paraqit vepra e fundit e tij \u201cPlaku dhe deti\u201d<\/em>, Heminguein p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e ngren\u00eb lart\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Novela e sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00ebrhoqi v\u00ebmendjen e bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u201cPLAKU DHE DETI\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 \u00cbsht\u00eb historia e nj\u00eb peshkatari plak q\u00eb del t\u00eb peshkoj\u00eb n\u00eb det t\u00eb hapur, diku n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat e Kub\u00ebs, nga kalon rryma e Golfstrimit. N\u00ebp\u00ebr ato uj\u00ebra detare, Heminguei kishte lundruar shpesh me lundr\u00ebn e tij \u201cPilar\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kishte disa jav\u00eb q\u00eb plaku Santiago <\/strong>nuk kishte z\u00ebn\u00eb as edhe nj\u00eb peshk me grepin e tij, por nuk heq dor\u00eb. Nj\u00eb m\u00ebngjes ai mb\u00ebrrin mjaft larg me bark\u00eb dhe z\u00eb nj\u00eb peshk shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh, si kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Lufta midis plakut, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb muzgun e forcave t\u00eb veta dhe peshkut gjigant, zhvillohet mjaft e ashp\u00ebr, ngase peshku reziston dhe e t\u00ebrheq bark\u00ebn pas vetes. Dy kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb denj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, aq sa lufta mes tyre merr p\u00ebrmasa epike<\/em>. Kalon t\u00ebr\u00eb dita dhe e t\u00ebr\u00eb nata, asnj\u00ebri nuk e mposht dot tjetrin. N\u00eb nj\u00eb moment, plaku ndien edhe admirim<\/em> ndaj peshkut.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb dit\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb nuk dihet se cili do ta mund\u00eb shokun. Peshku t\u00ebrheq bark\u00ebn, kurse plaku \u2013 bark\u00ebn dhe peshkun. M\u00ebngjesin e dit\u00ebs s\u00eb tret\u00eb, peshku nxjerr kurrizin mbi uj\u00eb dhe plaku i shum\u00ebfishon forcat q\u00eb peshku i fort\u00eb t\u00eb mos i shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb. Plakut i b\u00ebhen duart gjak. Krah\u00ebt sa nuk i shqiten nga trupi duke t\u00ebrhequr. M\u00eb n\u00eb fund peshku dor\u00ebzohet. I ngaz\u00eblluar, plaku e lidh p\u00ebr barke dhe merr rrug\u00ebn e kthimit n\u00eb breg. Ishte ky triumfi<\/em> i tij.<\/p>\n

Por fitorja e tij zgjat shum\u00eb pak. Tani peshkatarin e pret nj\u00eb betej\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, edhe m\u00eb e mundimshme, ajo me peshkaqen\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>, me armiqt\u00eb e tij t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb i t\u00ebrheq gjaku i peshkut t\u00eb vrar\u00eb. Jan\u00eb nj\u00eb lukuni<\/em>. Plaku e ndjen se nuk do t\u00eb mund\u00eb ta mbroj\u00eb trofeun e vet, peshkun e madh. Lufton me k\u00ebta sulmues t\u00eb detit gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb nat\u00ebs, derisa i shteren forcat. Mezi ia del t\u00eb kthehet i gjall\u00eb n\u00eb breg ku e pritnin me padurim. K\u00ebta shohin t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb bark\u00eb, jo peshkun e madh e t\u00eb bukur, por nj\u00eb skelet <\/em><\/strong>t\u00eb st\u00ebrgjat\u00eb, si t\u00eb ishte skeleti i nj\u00eb bishe detare parahistorike. Ndjejn\u00eb m\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr plakun, por tregojn\u00eb dhe respekt.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Santiago \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ideal i paarritsh\u00ebm. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb fill i vet\u00ebm. N\u00eb vetmin\u00eb e tij q\u00ebndron forca e vepr\u00ebs. Ai s\u2019ka ask\u00ebnd p\u00ebr ta ndihmuar, pos vetes dhe p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs jet\u00ebsore. \u00c7\u2019do t\u00eb ndodhte me plakun po t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb breg duarthat\u00eb<\/em>? Mbase do t\u00eb thoshin: \u201c\u00c7\u2019mund t\u00eb pres\u00ebsh prej nj\u00eb plaku t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb force?\u201d<\/em> Pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb, Santiago nuk e pranon. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe si i till\u00eb, lufton. Nuk ka peshk q\u00eb ta mund\u00eb peshkatarin. As peshkaqen. As armik q\u00eb ta mposht njeriun e vendosur. Plaku v\u00ebrtet kthehet me nj\u00eb skelet n\u00eb vend t\u00eb peshkut, por moralisht ai ndihet fitimtar<\/em>. Pleq\u00ebria nuk n\u00ebnkupton dor\u00ebzim, aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kapitullim moral. Skeleti q\u00eb plaku solli n\u00eb port, nuk jep imazhin e humbjes, por at\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndres\u00ebs <\/em><\/strong>dhe t\u00eb heroizmit<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Heminguei lart\u00ebson guximin e njeriut dhe dinjitetin e tij p\u00ebrball\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit dhe n\u00eb prag t\u00eb vdekjes. Historia e peshkatarit plak paraqet nj\u00eb simbolik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> mjaft dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse. Plaku, n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb dhe deti, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, jan\u00eb dy miq armiq q\u00eb nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb dot pa nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Nga kjo simbolik\u00eb, peshkatari plak p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson njeriun q\u00eb lufton me forcat e verb\u00ebta t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs t\u00eb cilat duan ta shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb, por q\u00eb nuk mund ta shpartallojn\u00eb. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Filozofia e Hemingueit ka n\u00eb thelb, jo optimizmin, por dinjitetin <\/em><\/strong>njer\u00ebzor. Optimizmi i njeriut<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb mbytur diku n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb e detit, bashk\u00eb me peshkun e vrar\u00eb. N\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe mbetet nj\u00eb sasi dinjiteti<\/em><\/strong>, aq sa b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar jet\u00ebn, betej\u00ebn t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen dhe p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00ebmendjen e qarqeve letrare Heminguei e t\u00ebrhoqi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb kur si an\u00ebtar i ekspatriot\u00ebve<\/em> amerikan\u00eb n\u00eb Paris, iu bashk\u00ebngjit rrethit Los Generation.<\/p>\n

LOST GENERATION (brezi i humbur)<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nocion me t\u00eb cilin kuptohet grupi i shkrimtar\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht n\u00eb vitet \u201920 t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar vajt\u00ebn n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. U tubuan kryesisht n\u00eb Paris i cili at\u00ebher\u00eb u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb nj\u00eb vendtubim t\u00eb madh t\u00eb shkrimtar\u00ebve huaj, p\u00ebr idet\u00eb e t\u00eb tyre liberale<\/em> dhe t\u00eb hapura<\/em>. Qerthullit t\u00eb \u201cbrezit t\u00eb humbur\u201d <\/em>i takonin poetja dhe prozatorja amerikane Gertruda Stajn <\/strong>(Gertrude Stein, 1874-1946); Erenest<\/strong> Heminguei<\/strong>; poeti dhe kritiku anglez me prejardhje amerikane Tomas St\u00ebrnz Elli\u00ebt <\/strong>(Thomas Stearns Eliot, 1888-1965, nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurit poet\u00eb evropian\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX, laureat i \u00e7mimit\u201d Nobel\u201d, 1948); shkrimtari, poeti dhe kritiku amerikan Ezra Paund <\/strong>(Ezra Loomis Pound, 1885-1972, nj\u00eb nga poet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX dhe nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e l\u00ebvizjes poetike t\u00eb imazhizmit<\/strong>); shkrimtari amerikan Dos Pasos <\/strong>(John Roderigo Dos Passos, 1896-1970); shkrimtari amerikan Fransis Skot Fixh\u00ebrald <\/strong>(Francis Scott Fitzgerald, 1896-1940); shkrimtarja amerikane Silvia Bi\u00e7<\/strong> (Sylvia Beach, 1887-1962); shkrimtari amerikan Maks Istmen<\/strong> (Max Eastman, 1883-1969) etj.<\/p>\n

Nocionin \u201cbrezi i humbur\u201d<\/em>, e para q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdori ishte Gertruda Stajn. Ajo mbante nj\u00eb sallon<\/em> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn tuboheshin krijuesit letrar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb debatuar p\u00ebr krijimet letrare t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb nj\u00eb takim t\u00eb till\u00eb, ajo tha: \u201cT\u00eb gjith\u00eb ju jeni nj\u00eb brez i humbur\u201d<\/em>. Fjalia u b\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr arsye se Heminguei e p\u00ebrmendi n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb romanit t\u00eb vet \u201cDhe dielli lind p\u00ebrs\u00ebri\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr thelbin e brezit t\u00eb humbur <\/em>m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti flasin disa prej romaneve m\u00eb reprezentative, si \u201cGecbi i madh\u201d (The Great Gatsby) <\/em>i Fixher\u00ebldit si dhe romanet e Hemingueit \u201cP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201d <\/em>apo \u201cDhe dielli lind p\u00ebrs\u00ebri<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Me veprat e veta, shkrimtar\u00ebt e brezit t\u00eb humbur<\/em> i vun\u00eb bazat e nj\u00eb forme krejt t\u00eb re \u00a0t\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> modernizmit<\/em><\/strong>, duke ndikuar k\u00ebsisoj te shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb prej lokaleve ku takoheshin her\u00eb pas her\u00eb shkrimtar\u00ebt e brezit t\u00eb humbur<\/em> ishte edhe restoranti La Closerie des Lilas<\/em>.<\/strong> N\u00ebp\u00ebr ato sallone me t\u00eb madhe pihej alkooli dhe duhani. \u00a0\u00a0Shpesh ka pasur edhe afera dashurie. Prej k\u00ebtyre krijuesve do t\u00eb lind\u00eb nj\u00ebra nga periudhat m\u00eb t\u00eb frytshme t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb amerikane. Lind\u00ebn edhe disa nga veprat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj let\u00ebrsie.<\/p>\n

Personazhet e k\u00ebtyre veprave e shohin bot\u00eb ashtu si vet\u00eb autor\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt guximsh\u00ebm iu kund\u00ebrvun\u00eb materializmit<\/em><\/strong> dhe absurditetit t\u00eb bot\u00ebs moderne<\/em><\/strong>. Kjo ishte nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e ndryshimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe e zbulimeve shkencore, e industrializimit, e krizave t\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, e paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe e pasiguris\u00eb. Shkrimtar\u00ebt u p\u00ebrqendruan te njeriu i thjesht\u00eb, i humbur<\/em><\/strong> dhe te q\u00ebndrimi i tij ndaj bot\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhet, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet ekzistenciale.<\/em><\/strong> Shpeshher\u00eb, heroi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb figur\u00eb tragjike i cili nuk mund t\u2019i kund\u00ebrvihet fatit. Ai vdes me shpirtin fisnik, si nj\u00eb i drejt\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e padrejt\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodh n\u00eb romanin \u201cP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb Hemingueit.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/em><\/strong>: <\/strong>Duhet shtuar se Ezra Paund<\/strong> ishte mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs i fashizmit italian, ndaj pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, n\u00eb ShBA u ballafaqua me proces gjyq\u00ebsor. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb burg, e vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb spital me arsyetimin se pask\u00ebsh qen\u00eb me probleme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore apo mendore.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Veprat<\/strong>: \u201eTre rr\u00ebfime dhe dhjet\u00eb poezi\u201c (Three Stories and Ten Poems, 1923) \u201eV\u00ebrshime pranverore\u201c (The Torrents of Spring, 1925) \u201eN\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb\u201c (In Our Time, 1925) \u201eDhe dielli lind p\u00ebrs\u00ebri\u201c (The Sun Also Rises, 1926) \u201eMeshkujt pa gra\u201c (Men Without Women, 1927) \u201eLamtumir\u00eb arm\u00eb\u201c (A Farewell to Arms, 1929) \u201eVdekje pasdite\u201c (Death in the Afternoon, 1932) \u201eBor\u00ebrat e Kilimanxharos\u201c (The Snows of Kilimanjaro, 1932) \u201eFitimtari nuk fiton asgj\u00eb\u201c (Winner Takes Nothing, 1933) \u201eKodrat e gjelbra t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs\u201c (Green Hills of Africa, 1935) \u201eKolona e pest\u00eb\u201c (The Fifth Column, 1938) \u201eDyzet e n\u00ebnt\u00eb novelat e para\u201c (The First Forty-Nine Stories, 1938) \u201eP\u00ebr k\u00eb bie kambana\u201c (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940) \u201eMatan\u00eb lumit n\u00eb pyll\u201c (Across the River and Into the Trees, 1950) \u201ePlaku dhe deti\u201c (The Old Man and the Sea, 1952) \u201eSolemniteti i l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm\u201c (A Moveable Feast, 1964) \u201eIshuj n\u00eb rrym\u00eb\u201c (Islands in the Stream, 1970) \u201eKopshti i parajs\u00ebs\u201c (The Garden of Eden, 1987) \u201eE v\u00ebrteta n\u00eb ag\u201c (True at First Light,1999). Shum\u00eb vepra t\u00eb tij kan\u00eb mbetur n\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrime.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli Ernest Hemingvei () \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimtar amerikan. Lindi n\u00eb Ouk Park (Oak Park) m\u00eb 21 korrik 1899. F\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e kaloi n\u00eb vendlindje. Babai i tij quhej Klerenc (Clarence), nd\u00ebrsa e \u00ebma Grejs Hol (Grace Hall). Ishte i dyti prej gjasht\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tij. Ishin dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebr e kat\u00ebr motra. E pag\u00ebzuan me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nERNEST HEMIGUEI \u2013 \u201cPLAKU DHE DETI\u201d - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ernest-hemiguei-plaku-dhe-deti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ERNEST HEMIGUEI \u2013 \u201cPLAKU DHE DETI\u201d - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Ernest Hemingvei () \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrimtar amerikan. Lindi n\u00eb Ouk Park (Oak Park) m\u00eb 21 korrik 1899. F\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e kaloi n\u00eb vendlindje. Babai i tij quhej Klerenc (Clarence), nd\u00ebrsa e \u00ebma Grejs Hol (Grace Hall). Ishte i dyti prej gjasht\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tij. Ishin dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebr e kat\u00ebr motra. 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