{"id":54615,"date":"2020-04-24T05:49:36","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T04:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=54615"},"modified":"2020-04-24T14:22:55","modified_gmt":"2020-04-24T13:22:55","slug":"pandemia-e-pare-moderne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/pandemia-e-pare-moderne\/","title":{"rendered":"Pandemia e par\u00eb moderne – COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

INOVACIONI VS. KORONAVIRUSI<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrparimet shkencore q\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar COVID-19.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nga Bill Gates<\/strong><\/a> | 23 Prill 2020 – <\/em>P\u00ebrktheu <\/span>Arben \u00c7okaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pandemia e koronavirusit e b\u00ebn t\u00ebr\u00eb njer\u00ebzimin kund\u00ebr virusit. D\u00ebmet p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin, pasurin\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebqenien tashm\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb luft\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ne jemi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn an\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar rreth s\u00ebmundjes dhe t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb mjete p\u00ebr ta luftuar at\u00eb. Un\u00eb e shoh inovacionin global si \u00e7el\u00ebsin p\u00ebr kufizimin e d\u00ebmit. Kjo p\u00ebrfshin inovacione n\u00eb testimin, trajtimet, vaksinat dhe politikat p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebrhapjen, duke minimizuar d\u00ebmet p\u00ebr ekonomit\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebqenien.<\/p>\n

Ky memorandum ndan mendimin tim p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn dhe si mund t’i p\u00ebrshpejtojm\u00eb k\u00ebto risi. (Sepse ky postim \u00ebsht\u00eb i gjat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu i disponuesh\u00ebm si PDF<\/em>.) Situata ndryshon \u00e7do dit\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb informacione n\u00eb dispozicion – shum\u00eb prej tyre kontradiktore – dhe mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb kuptosh t\u00eb gjitha propozimet dhe idet\u00eb, q\u00eb ju mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni rreth k\u00ebsaj. Mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb gjithashtu sikur i kemi t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrparimet shkencore t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rihapur ekonomin\u00eb, por n\u00eb fakt ne nuk po e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Edhe pse disa nga ato, q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb jan\u00eb mjaft teknike, shpresoj se i ndihmon njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodh, t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb risit\u00eb q\u00eb na nevojiten akoma dhe t\u00eb marrin vendime t\u00eb informuara n\u00eb lidhje me trajtimin e pandemis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Rritja dhe r\u00ebnia eksponenciale<\/strong><\/h3>\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, ne pam\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrhapje eksponenciale n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr vendesh, duke filluar me Kin\u00ebn dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Azin\u00eb, Evrop\u00ebn dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara. Numri i infeksioneve po dyfishohej shum\u00eb her\u00eb \u00e7do muaj. N\u00ebse sjellja e njer\u00ebzve nuk do t\u00eb kishte ndryshuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb shumica e popullat\u00ebs do t\u00eb ishte infektuar. Duke ndryshuar sjelljen, shum\u00eb vende kan\u00eb marr\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e infeksionit n\u00eb pllaj\u00eb dhe fillojn\u00eb e bien.<\/p>\n

Rritja eksponenciale nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb intuitive. N\u00ebse thoni q\u00eb 2 p\u00ebrqind e popullsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e infektuar dhe kjo do t\u00eb dyfishohet \u00e7do tet\u00eb dit\u00eb, shumica e njer\u00ebzve nuk do ta kuptojn\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb se n\u00eb 40 dit\u00eb, shumica e popullat\u00ebs do t\u00eb infektohet. P\u00ebrfitimi i madh i ndryshimit t\u00eb sjelljes \u00ebsht\u00eb ulja n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dramatike e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb infeksionit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb dyfishohet \u00e7do tet\u00eb dit\u00eb, t\u00eb zbres\u00eb \u00e7do tet\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ne p\u00ebrdorim di\u00e7ka t\u00eb quajtur shkalla e riprodhimit, ose R0 (e theksuar “nuk jan\u00eb asgj\u00eb”), p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur sa infeksione t\u00eb reja jan\u00eb shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb infeksion i hersh\u00ebm. R0 \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u matur, por ne e dim\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn 1.0 kur kudo q\u00eb numri i \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve po bie dhe mbi 1.0 kudo q\u00eb numri i \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve po rritet. Dhe ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim i vog\u00ebl n\u00eb R0, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshime shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse \u00e7do infeksion shkon nga shkaktimi i 2.0 rasteve vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shkaktimin e 0.7 infeksioneve, at\u00ebher\u00eb pas 40 dit\u00ebsh keni nj\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb infeksione n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 32 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb 192 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak raste. K\u00ebtu keni nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb menduar: N\u00ebse do t\u00eb fillonit me 100 infeksione n\u00eb nj\u00eb komunitet, pas 40 dit\u00ebsh do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonit me 17 infeksione n\u00eb R0 t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe 3200 n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Ekspert\u00ebt po debatojn\u00eb tani vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb R0 shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar numrin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve, para se t\u00eb filloj\u00eb hapja.<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnia eksponenciale \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb pak intuitive. Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb habitur, q\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende do t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb nga spitalet duke u mbingarkuar n\u00eb prill p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur shum\u00eb shtret\u00ebr bosh n\u00eb korrik. Skuqja e kamxhikut do t\u00eb jet\u00eb konfuze, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashmangshme nga natyra eksponenciale e infeksionit.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa futemi n\u00eb ver\u00eb, disa vende q\u00eb ruajn\u00eb ndryshimin e sjelljes do t\u00eb p\u00ebsojn\u00eb r\u00ebnie eksponenciale. Sidoqoft\u00eb, pasi sjellja kthehet n\u00eb normale, disa vende do t\u00eb belb\u00ebzohen s\u00eb bashku me grupimet e vazhdueshme t\u00eb infeksioneve dhe disa do t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb rritje eksponenciale. Fotografia do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb komplekse sesa \u00ebsht\u00eb sot, me shum\u00eb heterogjenitet.<\/p>\n

A kemi mbireaguar?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e arsyeshme q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb pyesin, n\u00ebse ndryshimi i sjelljes ishte i nevojsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebrgjigjja \u00ebsht\u00eb po. Mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb disa zona, ku numri i \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve nuk do t\u00eb kishte marr\u00eb kurr\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh t\u00eb infeksioneve dhe vdekjeve, por nuk kishte asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb dihej paraprakisht se cilat zona do t\u00eb ishin ato. Ndryshimi na lejoi t\u00eb shmangim shum\u00eb miliona vdekje dhe mbingarkes\u00eb ekstreme t\u00eb spitaleve, t\u00eb cilat gjithashtu do t\u00eb kishin rritur vdekjet nga shkaqe t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Kostoja ekonomike q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb paguar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur shkall\u00ebn e infeksionit \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashembullt. R\u00ebnia e pun\u00ebsimit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb se gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kemi p\u00ebrjetuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Sektor\u00ebt e t\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb jan\u00eb mbyllur. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kuptohet, q\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm rezultat i politikave qeveritare q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb aktivitetet. Kur njer\u00ebzit d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje infektive po p\u00ebrhapet gjer\u00ebsisht, ato ndryshojn\u00eb sjelljen e tyre. Asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhje p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur ekonomin\u00eb e fort\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2019 n\u00eb vitin 2020.<\/p>\n

Shumica e njer\u00ebzve do t\u00eb kishin zgjedhur t\u00eb mos shkonin n\u00eb pun\u00eb ose restorante ose t\u00eb b\u00ebnin udh\u00ebtime, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur infektimin ose infektimin e t\u00eb moshuarve n\u00eb familjen e tyre. K\u00ebrkesat e qeveris\u00eb siguruan q\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm ndryshuan sjelljen e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e riprodhimit n\u00ebn 1.0, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb rifilloj\u00eb disa aktivitete.<\/p>\n

Vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura po shohin infeksione t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluara dhe fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se si t\u00eb hapen. Edhe pse nj\u00eb qeveri relakson kufizimet n\u00eb sjellje, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb rifillojn\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb aktivitetet q\u00eb lejohen. Do t\u00eb duhet shum\u00eb komunikim i mir\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se cilat jan\u00eb rreziqet dhe t\u00eb ndjehen t\u00eb qet\u00eb t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb pun\u00eb ose shkoll\u00eb. Ky do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb proces gradual, me disa njer\u00ebz menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, q\u00eb lejohet dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt ta marrin m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb. Disa pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs do t\u00eb marrin disa muaj para se t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt t\u00eb kthehen. Disa njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb duan q\u00eb kufizimet t\u00eb ngrihen m\u00eb shpejt dhe mund t\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb thyejn\u00eb rregullat, t\u00eb cilat do t’i v\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik. Drejtuesit duhet t\u00eb inkurajojn\u00eb pajtueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dallimet midis vendeve<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pandemia nuk i ka prekur t\u00eb gjitha vendet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. Kina ishte aty, ku ndodhi infeksioni i par\u00eb. Ata ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin izolim t\u00eb rrept\u00eb dhe testime t\u00eb gjera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes. Vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz nga e gjith\u00eb bota, ishin t\u00eb tjerat q\u00eb preken. Vendet q\u00eb reaguan shpejt p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb testime dhe izolime evituan infeksionin n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. P\u00ebrfitimet e veprimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm gjithashtu n\u00ebnkuptonin, se k\u00ebto vende nuk u duhej t\u00eb mbyllnin ekonomit\u00eb e tyre aq sa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb teste t\u00eb mira shpjegon shum\u00eb nga ndryshimet. \u00cbsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb mposht\u00ebsh nj\u00eb armik, q\u00eb nuk mund ta shohim. Pra, testimi \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll s\u00ebmundjen dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar rihapjen e ekonomis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Deri m\u00eb tani, vendet n\u00eb zhvillim si India dhe Nigeria p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb infeksioneve globale t\u00eb raportuara. Nj\u00eb nga prioritetet e fondacionit ton\u00eb ka qen\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb ngritjen e testimeve n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ata t\u00eb din\u00eb situat\u00ebn e tyre. Me fat, disa faktor\u00eb q\u00eb nuk i kuptojm\u00eb akoma, si m\u00ebnyra se si moti mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e virusit, do t\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb infeksionin n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, supozimi yn\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb q\u00eb dinamika e s\u00ebmundjes \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si n\u00eb vendet e tjera. Edhe pse popullsia e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale e re \u2014 gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb prirej t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb m\u00eb pak vdekje nga COVID-19 \u2014 ky avantazh pothuajse sigurisht kompensohet nga fakti se shum\u00eb sisteme imune t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dob\u00ebsohen nga kushte si kequshqyerja ose HIV. Dhe sa m\u00eb pak e zhvilluar ekonomia e nj\u00eb vendi, aq m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebsh ndryshime n\u00eb sjellje, q\u00eb zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e riprodhimit t\u00eb virusit. N\u00ebse jetoni n\u00eb nj\u00eb lag\u00ebshtir\u00eb urbane dhe b\u00ebni pun\u00eb joformale p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer familjen tuaj \u00e7do dit\u00eb, nuk do ta keni t\u00eb leht\u00eb ta shmangni kontaktin me njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb. Gjithashtu, sistemet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende kan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak kapacitet, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb edhe sigurimi i trajtimit t\u00eb oksigjenit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tragjike, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, q\u00eb vdekjet totale n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta sesa n\u00eb vendet e zhvilluara.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Njohurit\u00eb tona p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjen do t\u00eb na ndihmojn\u00eb me mjetet dhe politikat. Ekzistojn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i gj\u00ebrave kryesore q\u00eb ende nuk i kuptojm\u00eb. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr studimesh jan\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr t’iu p\u00ebrgjigjur k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00eb Seattle, t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb me Universitetin e Uashingtonit. Bashk\u00ebpunimi global p\u00ebr k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe duhet t\u00eb dim\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

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  • A \u00ebsht\u00eb s\u00ebmundja sezonale apo<\/strong> e varur<\/strong> nga moti?<\/strong> Pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha viruset e frym\u00ebmarrjes (nj\u00eb grup q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin COVID-19) jan\u00eb sezonale. Kjo do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb se ka m\u00eb pak infeksione gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb na zhg\u00ebnjejn\u00eb kur t\u00eb vij\u00eb vjeshta. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje shkalle. P\u00ebr shkak se ne shohim se koronavirusi i ri p\u00ebrhapet n\u00eb Australi dhe vende t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb hemisfer\u00ebn Jugore, ku stin\u00ebt jan\u00eb e kund\u00ebrta e jona, ne tashm\u00eb e dim\u00eb se virusi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq sezonal sa \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i gripit.<\/li>\n
  • Sa njer\u00ebz nuk kan\u00eb kurr\u00eb simptoma, e kan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm virus, q\u00eb t\u00eb infektojn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt?<\/strong> Po p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb rikuperuar dhe kan\u00eb ndonj\u00eb virus t\u00eb mbetur – sa jan\u00eb infektiv\u00eb? Modelet kompjuterike tregojn\u00eb se n\u00ebse ka shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb jan\u00eb asimptomatik\u00eb por infektiv\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb hapesh pa ringjallje n\u00eb raste. Ka shum\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje n\u00eb lidhje me sa infeksion vjen nga k\u00ebto burime, por ne e dim\u00eb se shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz me virus nuk raportojn\u00eb simptoma, dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb duke e transmetuar at\u00eb.<\/li>\n
  • Pse t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, p\u00ebr t’u s\u00ebmur\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb kur infektohen?<\/strong> T\u00eb kuptuarit e dinamik\u00ebs k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb t\u00eb peshojm\u00eb rreziqet e hapjes s\u00eb shkollave. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar, sepse edhe n\u00ebse t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb nuk s\u00ebmuren aq shpesh, ata ende mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapin s\u00ebmundjen te t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/li>\n
  • Cilat simptoma tregojn\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb testoheni?<\/strong> Disa vende jan\u00eb duke marr\u00eb temperatur\u00ebn e shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve si nj\u00eb mjet shqyrtimi fillestar. N\u00ebse duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb na ndihmon t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb mundshme, ne mund ta p\u00ebrdorim at\u00eb n\u00eb aeroporte dhe tubime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Ne duhet t\u00eb synojm\u00eb testet q\u00eb kemi tek njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, pasi nuk kemi teste t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb.<\/li>\n
  • Cilat aktivitete shkaktojn\u00eb rrezikun m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb infeksionit?<\/strong> Njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pyetje, n\u00eb lidhje me shmangien e ushqimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur ose \u00e7el\u00ebsat e dyerve ose tualetet publike, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb minimizojn\u00eb rrezikun e tyre. Uroj t\u00eb dija se \u00e7far\u00eb t’u tregoja atyre. Do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb merren gjykime n\u00eb lidhje me llojet e ndryshme t\u00eb tubimeve, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb klasat apo kishat dhe n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb lloj ndarjeje. N\u00eb vendet pa kanalizime t\u00eb mira, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapet nga kontaminimi i fekaleve, pasi personat q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb infektuar derdhin virusin.<\/li>\n
  • Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj s\u00ebmundjes?<\/strong> Ne e dim\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb moshuarit jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madh si nga s\u00ebmundja e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, ashtu edhe nga vdekja. T\u00eb kuptuarit se si ndikojn\u00eb gjinia, raca dhe bashk\u00ebp\u00ebrfshirjet n\u00eb t\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim e sip\u00ebr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Roli i Fondacionit Gates<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    N\u00eb koh\u00eb normale, Fondacioni Gates vendos m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysm\u00ebn e burimeve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e vdekjeve nga s\u00ebmundjet infektive. K\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje jan\u00eb arsyeja pse nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb varf\u00ebr ka 20 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb vdes\u00eb para mosh\u00ebs pes\u00eb vje\u00e7, sesa nj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb pasur. Ne investojm\u00eb n\u00eb shpikjen e trajtimeve dhe vaksinave t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje dhe duke u siguruar q\u00eb ato t\u00eb dor\u00ebzohen tek t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr to. S\u00ebmundjet p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb HIV<\/em>, malarian<\/em>, tuberkulozin<\/em>, poliomielitin<\/em> dhe pneumonin\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Kurdoher\u00eb q\u00eb ka nj\u00eb epidemi si Ebola<\/em>, SARS<\/em>, ose Zika<\/em>, ne punojm\u00eb me qeverit\u00eb dhe sektorin privat p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb modelimin e rreziqeve dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar galvanizimin e burimeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar mjete t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar epidemin\u00eb. Ishte p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrvojave q\u00eb un\u00eb fola p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn, duke mos qen\u00eb gati p\u00ebr nj\u00eb epidemi t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb fjalimin tim TED p\u00ebr 2015-\u00ebn. Edhe pse nuk u b\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm, u hodh\u00ebn disa hapa p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrgatitur, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb krijimin e Koalicionit p\u00ebr Inovacionin e P\u00ebrgatitjes Epidemike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb diskutoj m\u00eb posht\u00eb, n\u00eb seksionin e vaksinave.<\/p>\n

    Tani q\u00eb epidemia ka goditur, ne jemi duke p\u00ebrdorur ekspertiz\u00ebn ton\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur idet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb secil\u00ebn zon\u00eb dhe duke u siguruar q\u00eb ata t\u00eb ecin p\u00ebrpara me shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e plot\u00eb. Ka shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje q\u00eb po ndodhin. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 grupe jan\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb trajtime dhe 100 t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr vaksina. Ne jemi duke financuar nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre, por i gjurmojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nga af\u00ebr. \u00cbsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb shikoni secilin projekt, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, por edhe shanset q\u00eb ai mund t\u00eb rritet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb veprimtari urgjente \u00ebsht\u00eb mbledhja e parave p\u00ebr zhvillimin e mjeteve t\u00eb reja. Un\u00eb mendoj p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, se si duhet t\u00eb shpenzojm\u00eb miliarda, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kursejm\u00eb triliona. \u00c7do muaj shtes\u00eb q\u00eb duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb vaksin\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb muaj kur ekonomia nuk mund t\u00eb kthehet n\u00eb normalitet. Sidoqoft\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si vendet do t\u00eb bashkohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb koordinuar fondet. Disa mund t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb direkt n\u00eb sektorin privat, por k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi. Ka shum\u00eb diskutime midis qeverive, Organizat\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit, sektorit privat dhe fondacionit ton\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e organizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrpjekjeve.<\/p>\n

    Inovacioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb mundur armikun<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, nj\u00eb sasi e mahnitshme e inovacionit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb radar\u00ebt, torpedot e besueshme dhe thyerjen e kodeve, ndihmuan n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj me pandemin\u00eb. Un\u00eb e ndaj inovacionin n\u00eb pes\u00eb kategori: trajtime<\/strong>, vaksina<\/strong>, testime<\/strong>, gjurmime t\u00eb kontaktit<\/strong> dhe politikat p\u00ebr hapjen<\/strong>. Me disa p\u00ebrparime n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga k\u00ebto zona, ne nuk mund t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb biznes si zakonisht, ose t\u00eb ndalojm\u00eb virusin. M\u00eb posht\u00eb, un\u00eb po kaloj n\u00ebp\u00ebr secil\u00ebn zon\u00eb, n\u00eb disa detaje.<\/p>\n

    Trajtimet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u00c7do jav\u00eb, do t\u00eb lexoni p\u00ebr ide t\u00eb reja trajtimi q\u00eb jan\u00eb provuar, por shumica e tyre do t\u00eb d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, un\u00eb jam optimist se disa nga k\u00ebto trajtime do t\u00eb zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm barr\u00ebn e s\u00ebmundjes. Disa do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t’u shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e pasura, sesa vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, dhe disa do t\u00eb marrin koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkall\u00ebzuar. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i k\u00ebtyre mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion deri n\u00eb ver\u00eb ose n\u00eb vjesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    N\u00ebse n\u00eb pranver\u00ebn e vitit 2021 njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha publike – si nj\u00eb loj\u00eb apo koncert n\u00eb nj\u00eb stadium – do t\u00eb jet\u00eb sepse kemi nj\u00eb trajtim t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm, q\u00eb i b\u00ebri njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb ndjehen t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb dish sakt\u00ebsisht se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb pragu, por un\u00eb dyshoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka si 95 p\u00ebrqind; dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, na duhet nj\u00eb trajtim, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb 95 p\u00ebrqind efektiv, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb ndjehen t\u00eb sigurt n\u00eb tubime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha publike. Edhe pse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim i trajtimeve t\u00eb ket\u00eb mbi 95 p\u00ebrqind efektivitet, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ne nuk mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi n\u00eb t\u00eb. N\u00ebse trajtimet tona m\u00eb t\u00eb mira ulin vdekjet me m\u00eb pak se 95 p\u00ebrqind, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb na mbetet akoma nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb, para se t\u00eb kthehemi n\u00eb normale.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb trajtim i mundsh\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrshtatet me p\u00ebrkufizimin normal t\u00eb nj\u00eb ila\u00e7i, p\u00ebrfshin grumbullimin e gjakut nga pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb rikuperuar nga COVID-19, duke u siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb koronavirus dhe infeksione t\u00eb tjera, dhe dh\u00ebnien e plazm\u00ebs p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb. Kompanit\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb jan\u00eb duke punuar s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb protokoll standard, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse kjo funksionon. Ata do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb masin \u00e7do pacient p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se sa t\u00eb fort\u00eb jan\u00eb antitrupat e tyre. Nj\u00eb variant i k\u00ebsaj qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb marrja e plazm\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrqendrimi i tij<\/strong> n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje t\u00eb quajtur globulin hiperimune<\/em>, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pacienti sesa plazma e pakoncentruar. Fondacioni po mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00eb konsorcium t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb kompanive udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse, q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar vler\u00ebsimin dhe, n\u00ebse procedura funksionon, t\u00eb jet\u00eb e gatshme p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrhapur at\u00eb. K\u00ebto kompani kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb Bot Plasma<\/em>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar pacient\u00ebt e rikuperuar COVID-19 t\u00eb dhurojn\u00eb plazma p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr i trajtimit t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrfshin identifikimin e antitrupave t\u00eb prodhuar nga sistemi imunitar i njeriut<\/strong>, q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb efektiv\u00ebt kund\u00ebr koronavirusit t\u00eb ri. Pasi t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjetur ato antitrupa, ato mund t\u00eb prodhohen dhe p\u00ebrdoren si nj\u00eb trajtim ose si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar s\u00ebmundjen (n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ajo njihet si imunizim pasiv<\/em>). Kjo qasje e antitrupave gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb shans t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, megjith\u00ebse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se sa doza mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen. Kjo varet nga sa materiale antitrupa jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr doz\u00eb; n\u00eb 2021, prodhuesit mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb s\u00eb paku 100,000 trajtime ose shum\u00eb miliona. Koha e drejtimit p\u00ebr prodhim \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth shtat\u00eb muaj n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Grantist\u00ebt tan\u00eb po punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krahasuar antitrupat e ndrysh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb sigurohen, q\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt t\u00eb ken\u00eb qasje n\u00eb kapacitetin e kufizuar prodhues.<\/p>\n

    Ekziston nj\u00eb klas\u00eb e barnave t\u00eb quajtura antiviral\u00eb<\/strong>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e mbajn\u00eb virusin q\u00eb t\u00eb mos funksionoj\u00eb ose riprodhoj\u00eb. Industria e barnave ka krijuar antivirale t\u00eb mahnitshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar njer\u00ebzit me HIV, megjith\u00ebse u desh\u00ebn dekada p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar bibliotek\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb terapive shum\u00eb efektive t\u00eb trefisht\u00eb t\u00eb ila\u00e7eve. P\u00ebr koronavirusin e ri, kandidati kryesor p\u00ebr ila\u00e7et n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori \u00ebsht\u00eb Remdesivir<\/strong> nga Galaad<\/em>, i cili tani \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb testim. Ajo u krijua p\u00ebr Ebola<\/em>. N\u00ebse v\u00ebrtetohet se ka p\u00ebrfitime, at\u00ebher\u00eb prodhimi do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dramatike.<\/p>\n

    Fondacioni koh\u00ebt e fundit u k\u00ebrkoi kompanive t\u00eb ila\u00e7eve q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb qasje n\u00eb tubacionin e tyre t\u00eb ila\u00e7eve antivirale t\u00eb zhvilluara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, q\u00eb studiuesit t\u00eb financuar nga Accelerator Terapeutik t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzekutojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ekran p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb, se cilat duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb s\u00eb pari n\u00eb gjykimet njer\u00ebzore. Kompanit\u00eb e ila\u00e7eve t\u00eb gjith\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn shum\u00eb shpejt, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb list\u00eb e gjat\u00eb e antiviral\u00ebve q\u00eb po ekzaminohen.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb klas\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e barnave funksionon duke ndryshuar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si trupi i njeriut reagon ndaj virusit. Hydroksilklorina<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup. Fondacioni po financon nj\u00eb gjykim, q\u00eb do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb, n\u00ebse funksionon n\u00eb COVID-19 deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb majit. Duket se p\u00ebrfitimet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb modeste n\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr lloj ila\u00e7i q\u00eb ndryshon m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si nj\u00eb njeri reagon ndaj nj\u00eb virusi, quhet nj\u00eb modulues i sistemit imunitar<\/strong>. K\u00ebto ila\u00e7e do t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje serioze n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e von\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb jan\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, q\u00eb munden p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar me gjykimet.<\/p>\n

    Vaksina<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Vaksinat kan\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb jet\u00eb, se \u00e7do mjet tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb histori. Lia, e cila vriste miliona njer\u00ebz \u00e7do vit, u zhduk me nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb. Vaksinat e reja kan\u00eb luajtur nj\u00eb rol kryesor n\u00eb uljen e vdekjeve t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nga 10 milion n\u00eb vit n\u00eb 2000, n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 5 milion n\u00eb vit sot.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb trajtim i mrekulluesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ne nuk mund t\u00eb besojm\u00eb, e vetmja m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyer bot\u00ebn n\u00eb vendin ku ishte para shfaqjes s\u00eb COVID-19 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb mjaft e efektshme, q\u00eb parandalon s\u00ebmundjen.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, koha tipike e zhvillimit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb re \u00ebsht\u00eb mbi pes\u00eb vjet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb: a) b\u00ebrjen e vaksin\u00ebs s\u00eb kandidatit<\/strong>; b) testimin e tij te kafsh\u00ebt<\/strong>; c) testimi i siguris\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl njer\u00ebzish<\/strong> (kjo njihet si faza 1); d) testimi i siguris\u00eb dhe efikasitetit n\u00eb numrat e mes\u00ebm<\/strong> (faza 2); e) Testimi i siguris\u00eb dhe efikasitetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh<\/strong> (faza 3); dhe f) miratimin rregullator p\u00ebrfundimtar dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e nd\u00ebrtesave nd\u00ebrsa regjistroni vaksin\u00ebn n\u00eb \u00e7do vend<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Studiuesit mund t\u00eb kursejn\u00eb koh\u00eb duke kompresuar fazat klinike t\u00eb siguris\u00eb \/ efikasitetit gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb testeve paralele t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve dhe nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb aft\u00ebsive prodhuese. Edhe k\u00ebshtu, askush nuk e di paraprakisht se cila vaksin\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr prej tyre duhet t\u00eb financohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ata t\u00eb p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Shum\u00eb nga p\u00ebrpjekjet e vaksinave do t\u00eb d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb, sepse nuk do t\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb fort\u00eb imunitar sa duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar mbrojtje. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt do t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj brenda tre muajve nga testimi i nj\u00eb vaksine t\u00eb caktuar te njer\u00ebzit duke shikuar gjenerimin e antitrupave. Me interes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebse vaksina do t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e moshuar, sistemi imunitar i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk u p\u00ebrgjigjet as vaksinave.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7\u00ebshtja e siguris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Rregullator\u00ebt jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur efektet an\u00ebsore dhe gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur gjer\u00ebsisht reputacionin e vaksinave, pasi n\u00ebse dikush ka probleme dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse, njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb hezituar p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb. Rregullator\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur se sa e madhe duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb aprovuar nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb COVID-19.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb hap q\u00eb u mor pas themelimit dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt k\u00ebrkuan investime n\u00eb gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb e pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb 2015, ishte krijimi i Koalicionit p\u00ebr Inovacione t\u00eb Gatishm\u00ebris\u00eb Epidemike (CEPI). Megjith\u00ebse burimet ishin mjaft modeste, ato kan\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb avancimin e qasjeve t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb vaksina, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pandemi. CEPI shtoi burime p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb quajtur vaksinat ARN, t\u00eb cilat fondacioni yn\u00eb i mb\u00ebshteti p\u00ebr ca koh\u00eb. Tre kompani po ndjekin k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje. Vaksina e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar provat njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb ARN nga Moderna<\/em>, e cila filloi nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim klinik t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb faz\u00ebs 1 n\u00eb mars.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb ARN \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm e ndryshme nga nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb konvencionale. Nj\u00eb goditje gripi, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmban copa t\u00eb virusit t\u00eb gripit q\u00eb sistemi imunitar i trupit tuaj m\u00ebson t\u00eb sulmoj\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb ju jep imunitet. Me nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb ARN, n\u00eb vend se t\u00eb injektoni fragmente t\u00eb virusit, ju i jepni trupit kodin gjenetik t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm<\/strong>, p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar shum\u00eb kopje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre fragmenteve. Kur sistemi imunitar sheh fragmentet virale, m\u00ebson se si t’i sulmoj\u00eb ata. Nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb ARN n\u00eb thelb<\/strong>, e kthen trupin tuaj n\u00eb nj\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb vaksinave<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Ekzistojn\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn pes\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje kryesore, q\u00eb duken premtuese dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin qasje t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar sistemin imunitar t\u00eb njohin dhe sulmojn\u00eb nj\u00eb infeksion viral. CEPI dhe fondacioni yn\u00eb do t\u00eb ndjekin p\u00ebrpjekjet nga e gjith\u00eb bota, p\u00ebr t’u siguruar q\u00eb ato m\u00eb premtuese marrin fonde. Pasi t\u00eb jet\u00eb gati nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb, partneri yn\u00eb GAVI do t\u00eb sigurohet, q\u00eb ai t\u00eb jet\u00eb i disponuesh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb vendet me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr provat e vaksinave \u00ebsht\u00eb se koha e k\u00ebrkuar p\u00ebr testimet varet nga gjetja e vendeve t\u00eb provave, ku shkalla e infeksionit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e lart\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa po ta vendosni sitin e prov\u00ebs dhe po t\u00eb merrni miratimin rregullator, shkalla e infeksionit n\u00eb at\u00eb vend mund t\u00eb zbres\u00eb. Dhe testimet duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh njer\u00ebzish. P\u00ebr shembull, supozoni se shkalla e pritur e infeksionit \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 p\u00ebrqind n\u00eb vit dhe d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb gjykim, ku do t\u00eb prisnit q\u00eb 50 persona t\u00eb infektoheshin pa vaksin\u00ebn. P\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muaj gjykimit do t\u00eb duheshin 10,000 njer\u00ebz n\u00eb t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Q\u00ebllimi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhim nj\u00eb ose dy konstruksione m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb vaksinave dhe t\u00eb vaksinojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn – kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb 7 miliard\u00eb doza n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb me doz\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, dhe 14 miliard\u00eb n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vaksin\u00eb me dy doza. Bota do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitim p\u00ebr t’i marr\u00eb ato, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb shkalla e prodhimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e papar\u00eb dhe me siguri do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb kompani t\u00eb shumta.<\/p>\n

    Shpesh m\u00eb pyesin se kur do t\u00eb filloj\u00eb vaksinimi n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Ashtu si zyrtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb amerikan\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit publik, un\u00eb them q\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb 18 muaj, edhe pse mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq i shkurt\u00ebr sa n\u00ebnt\u00eb muaj ose m\u00eb af\u00ebr dy vjet. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb kryesore k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjat\u00ebsia e prov\u00ebs s\u00eb faz\u00ebs 3<\/em>, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb aty, ku p\u00ebrcaktohet siguria dhe efikasiteti i plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Kur vaksina \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u prodhuar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, do t\u00eb lind pyetja, se kush duhet t\u00eb vaksinohet s\u00eb pari. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale, do t\u00eb kishte marr\u00ebveshje globale, se kush duhet ta marr\u00eb vaksin\u00ebn s\u00eb pari, por duke pasur parasysh sa interesa konkurruese ka, kjo nuk ka gjasa t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb. Qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb fonde, vendet ku zhvillohen gjykimet dhe vendet ku pandemia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e keqja, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb rast, q\u00eb ata duhet t\u00eb marrin p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

    Testimi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    T\u00eb gjitha testet e deritanishme p\u00ebr koronavirusin e ri p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb marrjen e nj\u00eb shtup\u00eb hund\u00ebsh dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e saj n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb Polimeraza e Reaksionit Zinxhir<\/strong> (PCR). Fondacioni yn\u00eb investoi n\u00eb hulumtime q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se duke pasur pacient\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00eb shtup\u00ebn, n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb hund\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb po aq e sakt\u00eb sa t\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb mjek t\u00eb shtyj\u00eb shtup\u00ebn m\u00eb tej n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e prapme t\u00eb fytit. Grantit tan\u00eb po punojn\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb hartuar shtup\u00eb, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lira dhe t\u00eb afta t\u00eb prodhohen n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, por q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, si dhe ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb me furnizim t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr. Kjo qasje e vet\u00ebl\u00ebvizjes \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb, mbron punonj\u00ebsit e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor nga rreziku i ekspozimit, dhe duhet t’i lejoj\u00eb rregullator\u00ebt t\u00eb aprovojn\u00eb swabbing<\/em> (pastrimin pas \u00e7do pacienti) n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do vend, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr mjek\u00ebsore. Testi PCR \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i ndjesh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb, n\u00ebse e keni virusin edhe p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb keni simptoma apo t\u00eb infektoni njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar shum\u00eb n\u00eb numrin e testeve q\u00eb kryhen n\u00eb secilin vend. Disa, si Koreja e Jugut, b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyeshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur kapacitetin e testimit. Por numri i testeve vet\u00ebm nuk tregon, n\u00ebse ato p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive. Ju gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb po i jepni p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi testimit mbi njer\u00ebzit e duhur. P\u00ebr shembull, punonj\u00ebsit e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb tregues t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm, n\u00ebse ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb infektuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ata t\u00eb din\u00eb n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Njer\u00ebzit pa simptoma nuk duhet t\u00eb testohen derisa t\u00eb kemi teste t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb me simptoma. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, rezultatet nga testi duhet t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 24 or\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb dini shpejt n\u00ebse do t\u00eb vazhdoni t\u00eb izoloni veten dhe t\u00eb karantinohen njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me ju. N\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, u desh\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb se shtat\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb disa vende p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb rezultatet e prov\u00ebs, gj\u00eb q\u00eb zvog\u00eblon vler\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dramatike. Ky lloj i vones\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i papranuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

    Ekzistojn\u00eb dy lloje t\u00eb makinave PCR<\/strong>: makina t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb seris\u00eb me v\u00ebllim t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe makina me v\u00ebllim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. T\u00eb dy kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rol p\u00ebr t\u00eb luajtur. Makinat me v\u00ebllim t\u00eb lart\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb kapacitetit. Makinerit\u00eb me v\u00ebllim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, kur marrja e nj\u00eb rezultati n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb or\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata, q\u00eb i prodhojn\u00eb k\u00ebto makina, dhe disa prodhues t\u00eb rinj, po b\u00ebjn\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb makina q\u00eb munden. Shtimi i k\u00ebtij kapaciteti dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i plot\u00eb i makinave, q\u00eb jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion do t\u00eb rris\u00eb kapacitetin e testimit. Fondacioni po flet me prodhuesit p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar makinat e m\u00ebdha, q\u00eb mund t’i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ato m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy her\u00eb m\u00eb produktive.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr i testit q\u00eb zhvillohet quhet Test i Diagnostikimit t\u00eb Shpejt\u00eb<\/strong> (RDT). Kjo do t\u00eb ishte si nj\u00eb test i shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Do t\u00eb lyeni hund\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si p\u00ebr testin PCR, por n\u00eb vend q\u00eb ta d\u00ebrgoni at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimi, do ta vendosnit n\u00eb nj\u00eb en\u00eb me l\u00ebng dhe m\u00eb pas do ta derdhni at\u00eb l\u00ebng n\u00eb nj\u00eb shirit letre, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshonte ngjyr\u00ebn n\u00ebse zbulon viruse. Kjo form\u00eb e prov\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e disponueshme brenda disa muajve. Edhe pse nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq e ndjeshme sa nj\u00eb test PCR, p\u00ebr dik\u00eb q\u00eb ka simptoma duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i sakt\u00eb. Ju ende do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb raportoni rezultatin tuaj t\u00eb testit n\u00eb qeverin\u00eb tuaj, pasi ata kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shikim n\u00eb tendencat e s\u00ebmundjes.<\/p>\n

    Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz flasin p\u00ebr testin e serologjis\u00eb<\/strong>, ku ju jepni gjak dhe zbuloni n\u00ebse keni antitrupa kund\u00ebr virusit. N\u00ebse e b\u00ebni k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb keni qen\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuar. K\u00ebto teste tregojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm rezultate pozitive von\u00eb n\u00eb s\u00ebmundjen tuaj, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ato nuk ju ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb vendosni n\u00ebse do t\u00eb karantinoheni. Gjithashtu, t\u00eb gjitha testet e b\u00ebra deri m\u00eb tani kan\u00eb probleme me pozitat false. Derisa t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se cili nivel i antitrupave \u00ebsht\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb prov\u00eb me pothuajse asnj\u00eb pozitiv t\u00eb rrem\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb gabim t’u thuani njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb mos shqet\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr ekspozimin e tyre ndaj infeksionit, bazuar n\u00eb testet serologjike q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion sot. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, testet e serologjis\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb kush mund t\u00eb dhuroj\u00eb gjak dhe t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb dinamik\u00ebn e s\u00ebmundjes.<\/p>\n

    Shum\u00eb vende b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb duke p\u00ebrqendruar kapacitetin e PCR n\u00eb pacient\u00ebt me p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi. Shumica e vendeve donin q\u00eb qeveria e tyre t\u00eb luante nj\u00eb rol qendror n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces. N\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, nuk ka asnj\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar, q\u00eb testimi t\u00eb ndahet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb racionale. Disa shtete kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb brenda, por edhe n\u00eb shtetet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, aksesi nuk kontrollohet plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

    Testimi b\u00ebhet jasht\u00ebzakonisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm pasi nj\u00eb vend e konsideron hapjen. Ju d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb keni kaq shum\u00eb teste, q\u00eb po zhvillohen sa t\u00eb shihni pika t\u00eb nxehta dhe t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyni, duke ndryshuar politik\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara se numrat t\u00eb rriten. Ju nuk doni t\u00eb prisni derisa spitalet t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen dhe numri i vdekjeve t\u00eb rritet.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb thelb, ekzistojn\u00eb dy raste kritike<\/strong>: kushdo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb simptomatik<\/strong>, dhe kushdo q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt me dik\u00eb<\/strong>, q\u00eb ka provuar t\u00eb jet\u00eb pozitiv<\/strong>. Idealisht t\u00eb dy grupeve do t’u d\u00ebrgohej nj\u00eb test, q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, pa hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr mjek\u00ebsore. Testet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb akoma n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb qendrat mjek\u00ebsore, por m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb, q\u00eb shumica t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. P\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb, nj\u00eb qeveri do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb uebfaqe, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shkoni dhe t\u00eb futni rrethanat tuaja, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb simptomat tuaja.<\/p>\n

    Do t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb renditje prioritare, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ofruesit e testit do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb ata ofrojn\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb shpejta n\u00eb nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsis\u00eb. N\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb faktit se sa sakt\u00eb simptomat parashikojn\u00eb infeksione, sa njer\u00ebz testojn\u00eb pozitiv\u00eb dhe sa kontakte ka nj\u00eb person zakonisht, mund t\u00eb kuptoni se sa kapacitet \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar k\u00ebto raste kritike. Tani p\u00ebr tani, shumica e vendeve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb testimit p\u00ebr k\u00ebto raste.<\/p>\n

    Do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb tundim p\u00ebr kompanit\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb blejn\u00eb makina testimi p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit ose klient\u00ebt e tyre. Nj\u00eb operator ose nj\u00eb anije udh\u00ebtimi lundrimi do t\u00eb donte t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t’i testonte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse nuk kan\u00eb simptoma. Ata do t\u00eb duan t\u00eb marrin makinat PCR, q\u00eb japin rezultate t\u00eb shpejta ose testin e shpejt\u00eb diagnostikues. K\u00ebto kompani do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb \u00e7mime shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta – shum\u00eb m\u00eb lart, se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb sistemi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor publik – k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb qeverit\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb kur ka kapacitete t\u00eb mjaftueshme, p\u00ebr ta lejuar k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb supozim \u00ebsht\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb testohen, do t\u00eb izolohen dhe do t’i karantinojn\u00eb ata n\u00eb familjen e tyre. Disa qeveri e policojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb me kujdes, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt thjesht\u00eb supozojn\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb ndjekin rekomandimin. Nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb qeveri ofron nj\u00eb vend p\u00ebr dik\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb izolohen, n\u00ebse nuk mund ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tyre. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, n\u00ebse keni njer\u00ebz t\u00eb moshuar n\u00eb lagje t\u00eb af\u00ebrta n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb tuaj.<\/p>\n

    Gjurmimi i kontaktit<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Un\u00eb p\u00ebrmenda n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e testimit, se nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore p\u00ebr testimin \u00ebsht\u00eb kushdo q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me dik\u00eb q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb testuar pozitiv. N\u00ebse mund t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre personave shpejt dhe t\u00eb siguroheni, q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb test si testi PCR (i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i ndjesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar nj\u00eb infeksion t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit), at\u00ebher\u00eb k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz mund t\u00eb izolohen para se t\u00eb infektojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb<\/strong>. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra ideale p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar p\u00ebrhapjen e virusit.<\/p>\n

    Disa vende, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe Koren\u00eb e Jugut, k\u00ebrkuan q\u00eb pacient\u00ebt t\u00eb kthenin informacionin se ku kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb 14 dit\u00ebt e fundit, duke shikuar informacionin GPS n\u00eb telefon ose regjistrimet e shpenzimeve t\u00eb tyre. Nuk ka gjasa q\u00eb vendet per\u00ebndimore do ta k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ka aplikacione q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkarkoni, q\u00eb do t’ju ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbani mend se ku keni qen\u00eb; n\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb testoheni pozitiv, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb rishikoni vullnetarisht historin\u00eb ose t\u00eb zgjidhni ta ndani at\u00eb me k\u00ebdo, q\u00eb ju interviston n\u00eb lidhje me kontaktet tuaja.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i qasjeve dixhitale jan\u00eb duke u propozuar kur telefonat zbulojn\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb telefonash t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jan\u00eb af\u00ebr tyre. (Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e Bluetooth plus d\u00ebrgimin e nj\u00eb tingulli, q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit nuk mund ta d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb, por kjo v\u00ebrteton q\u00eb t\u00eb dy telefonat jan\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme af\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit.<\/em>) Ideja \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00ebse dikush testohet pozitiv, at\u00ebher\u00eb telefoni i tyre mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh te tjetri telefon dhe pronar\u00ebt e tyre mund t\u00eb testohen. N\u00ebse shumica e njer\u00ebzve do ta instalonin vullnetarisht k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj aplikacioni, ndoshta do t\u00eb ndihmonte disa. Nj\u00eb kufizim \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ju nuk duhet t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vend n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb infektuar dik\u00eb – mund ta lini virusin prapa n\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Ky sistem do e humbas\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj transmetimi.<\/p>\n

    Un\u00eb mendoj se shumica e vendeve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin qasjen, q\u00eb po p\u00ebrdor Gjermania, e cila k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb intervistoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb testohen pozitiv dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash p\u00ebr t’u siguruar, q\u00eb ka vazhdim\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontaktet. Modeli i infeksioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se rreziku \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb dhe politika mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00ebse dikush testohet dhe konfirmohet pozitiv, mjeku k\u00ebrkohet me ligj q\u00eb ta informoj\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb qeverisjes vendore. Mjeku duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat personale – emrin, adres\u00ebn, numrin e telefonit – n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb zyra e sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb kontaktoj\u00eb personin dhe t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb q\u00eb ato t\u00eb izolohen.<\/p>\n

    Pastaj zyra lokale e sh\u00ebndetit fillon procesin e gjurmimit t\u00eb kontaktit. Ata intervistojn\u00eb personin e infektuar, zbulojn\u00eb se si t\u00eb kontaktoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, q\u00eb ai ose ajo ka takuar gjat\u00eb dy jav\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit dhe t’i kontaktoj\u00eb ata njer\u00ebz, p\u00ebr t’u k\u00ebrkuar atyre t\u00eb izolohen dhe t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb prov\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Kjo qasje mb\u00ebshtetet tek personi i infektuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb raportuar sakt\u00ebsisht kontaktet e tyre, dhe gjithashtu varet nga aft\u00ebsia e autoriteteve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, p\u00ebr t’u ndjekur me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Stafi i sh\u00ebrbimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor normal nuk mund ta b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb edhe n\u00ebse numrat e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. \u00c7do sistem sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se si t\u00eb punoj\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb kjo pun\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e duhur. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb kryejn\u00eb pun\u00ebn do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb trajnuar si\u00e7 duhet dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen q\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha informacionet private. Studiuesve u k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur modele t\u00eb infeksionit, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me masa mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb intimitetit.<\/p>\n

    Hapja<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Shumica e vendeve t\u00eb zhvilluara do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb epidemis\u00eb n\u00eb dy muajt e ardhsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruani k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. \u00cbsht\u00eb gjysm\u00eb normale. Njer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb dalin jasht\u00eb, por jo aq shpesh, dhe jo n\u00eb vende t\u00eb mbushura me njer\u00ebz. Fotografo restorantet ku ulen vet\u00ebm njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb \u00e7do tryez\u00eb tjet\u00ebr dhe aeroplan\u00ebt ku \u00e7do vend i mes\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb bosh. Shkollat \u200b\u200bjan\u00eb t\u00eb hapura, por ju nuk mund t\u00eb mbushni nj\u00eb stadium me 70,000 njer\u00ebz. Njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb duke punuar disa dhe duke shpenzuar disa nga t\u00eb ardhurat e tyre, por jo aq sa kan\u00eb qen\u00eb p\u00ebrpara pandemis\u00eb. Me pak fjal\u00eb, koh\u00ebt jan\u00eb anormale, por jo aq anormale sa gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Rregullat p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb lejohet, duhet t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb gradualisht, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb shohim n\u00ebse niveli i kontaktit po fillon t\u00eb rris\u00eb numrin e infeksioneve. Vendet do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb nga vendet e tjera, q\u00eb kan\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb forta testimi, p\u00ebr t’i informuar ato kur t\u00eb shfaqen problemet.<\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb shembull i rihapjes graduale \u00ebsht\u00eb Microsoft China<\/em>, i cili ka afro 6,200 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar. Deri m\u00eb tani rreth gjysma po hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Ata po vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit q\u00eb duan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Ata k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulin se njer\u00ebzit me simptoma q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb maska \u200b\u200bdhe sigurojn\u00eb pastrues dore dhe b\u00ebjn\u00eb pastrim m\u00eb intensiv. Edhe n\u00eb pun\u00eb, ata zbatojn\u00eb rregulla n\u00eb distanc\u00eb dhe lejojn\u00eb udh\u00ebtimin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Kina ka qen\u00eb konservatore p\u00ebr hapjen dhe deri m\u00eb tani ka shmangur \u00e7do reagim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

    Parimi themelor duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb lejimi i aktiviteteve q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb ose mir\u00ebqenien e njer\u00ebzve, por q\u00eb paraqesin nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb vog\u00ebl infeksioni. Por nd\u00ebrsa g\u00ebrmoni n\u00eb detaje dhe shikoni n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb, fotografia shpejt b\u00ebhet e nd\u00ebrlikuar. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e thjesht\u00eb sa t\u00eb thuash “mund t\u00eb b\u00ebsh X, por jo Y.<\/em>” Ekonomia moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe e nd\u00ebrlidhur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    P\u00ebr shembull, restorantet mund t’i mbajn\u00eb darkat gjasht\u00eb metra larg, por a do t\u00eb ken\u00eb ata nj\u00eb zinxhir furnizimi pune p\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e tyre? A do t\u00eb jen\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs me k\u00ebt\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar? Industria prodhuese do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb fabrikat p\u00ebr t’i mbajtur pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt sa m\u00eb larg, n\u00eb distanc\u00eb. Shumica e fabrikave do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten me rregulla t\u00eb reja, pa nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb produktivitetit. Por si mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e pun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb k\u00ebto restorante dhe fabrika? A po marrin autobus apo tren? Po n\u00eb lidhje me furnizuesit q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb dhe d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb fabrik\u00eb? Dhe kur duhet t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb t\u00eb insistojn\u00eb q\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit e tyre t\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb pun\u00eb?<\/p>\n

    Nuk ka p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pyetje. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, lider\u00ebt n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar, shtet\u00ebror dhe lokal do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb tregti bazuar n\u00eb rreziqet dhe p\u00ebrfitimet e hapjes s\u00eb pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb. N\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb shtet hapet shum\u00eb shpejt dhe fillon t\u00eb shoh\u00eb shum\u00eb infeksione. A duhet q\u00eb shtetet e tjera t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t’i ndalojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb shtetit?<\/p>\n

    Shkollat \u200b\u200bofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim t\u00eb madh dhe duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi. Ngjarjet e m\u00ebdha sportive dhe arg\u00ebtuese ndoshta nuk do ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb aktivitetin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb; p\u00ebrfitimi ekonomik i audienc\u00ebs live nuk varet nga rreziku i p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb infeksionit. Aktivitete t\u00eb tjera bien n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb gri, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e kishave ose nj\u00eb loj\u00eb futbolli n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb mesme, me disa duzina njer\u00ebz n\u00eb skajet.<\/p>\n

    Ekziston nj\u00eb faktor tjet\u00ebr, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr tu dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi: natyra njer\u00ebzore. Disa njer\u00ebz do t\u00eb jen\u00eb natyrisht t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb dalin, edhe kur qeveria thot\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rregull. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt do t\u00eb marrin mendimin e kund\u00ebrt – ata do t\u00eb supozojn\u00eb se qeveria po tregohet tep\u00ebr e kujdesshme dhe do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb rregullat. Drejtuesit do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb me kujdes se si t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb ekuilibrin e duhur k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n

    P\u00ebrfundimi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Un\u00eb dhe Melinda u rrit\u00ebm duke m\u00ebsuar se Lufta e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ishte momenti p\u00ebrcaktues i brezit t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve tan\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, pandemia COVID-19 – pandemia e par\u00eb moderne<\/strong> – do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb epok\u00eb. Askush q\u00eb jeton p\u00ebrmes Pandemis\u00eb nuk do ta harroj\u00eb kurr\u00eb. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb mbingarkosh dhimbjen q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit ndjejn\u00eb tani dhe do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndjehen p\u00ebr vitet e ardhshme.<\/p>\n

    Kostoja e r\u00ebnd\u00eb e pandemis\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit me pag\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb varf\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr Melind\u00ebn dhe mua. S\u00ebmundja po d\u00ebmton n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb disproporcionale komunitetet e varf\u00ebra dhe pakicat racore. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, ndikimi ekonomik i mbylljes po godet me t\u00eb ardhurat e ul\u00ebta, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e pakicave. Krijuesit e politikave do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa vendi hapet, rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbja nuk e b\u00ebn pabarazin\u00eb edhe m\u00eb keq sesa \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ne jemi t\u00eb impresionuar me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si po mblidhet bota, p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb. Do dit\u00eb, ne flasim me shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb universitete dhe nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb vogla, CEO t\u00eb kompanive farmaceutike, ose krer\u00ebt e qeverive, p\u00ebr t’u siguruar q\u00eb fondet e reja, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat kam diskutuar, b\u00ebhen t\u00eb mundshme sa m\u00eb shpejt t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur. Dhe ka kaq shum\u00eb heronj p\u00ebr t’u admiruar tani, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb punonj\u00ebsit e sh\u00ebndetit n\u00eb vij\u00ebn e par\u00eb. Kur bota p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb shpall\u00eb Pandemin\u00eb I t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar, ne do t’i kemi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata, q\u00eb do t’i fal\u00ebnderojm\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    INOVACIONI VS. KORONAVIRUSI P\u00ebrparimet shkencore q\u00eb kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar COVID-19. Nga Bill Gates | 23 Prill 2020 – P\u00ebrktheu Arben \u00c7okaj Pandemia e koronavirusit e b\u00ebn t\u00ebr\u00eb njer\u00ebzimin kund\u00ebr virusit. D\u00ebmet p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin, pasurin\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebqenien tashm\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb luft\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, ne jemi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,173,9,194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-covid-19","category-ne-plan-te-pare","category-shendeti"],"yoast_head":"\nPandemia e par\u00eb moderne - COVID-19 - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/pandemia-e-pare-moderne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pandemia e par\u00eb moderne - COVID-19 - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"INOVACIONI VS. 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