{"id":56727,"date":"2020-06-06T21:32:34","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T19:32:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=56727"},"modified":"2020-11-20T23:27:08","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T21:27:08","slug":"gjuhet-indoevropiane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gjuhet-indoevropiane\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0GJUH\u00cbT INDOEVROPIANE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Xhelal Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

ribotim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane jan\u00eb grup gjuh\u00ebsh t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebr nga krijimi i tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta. Ky grup i gjuh\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn familje gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb<\/em>. Q\u00eb nga lasht\u00ebsia<\/em> fliten ose jan\u00eb folur n\u00eb nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, prej skajit per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs<\/em> deri n\u00eb cepin lindor t\u00eb Indis\u00eb<\/em> dhe deri n\u00eb Turkestanin<\/em> kinez, n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Azis\u00eb. Prej zbulimeve gjeografike e k\u00ebndej, k\u00ebto gjuh\u00eb fliten edhe n\u00eb zonat e t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulurve n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn veriore, qendrore dhe jugore, n\u00eb Australi, n\u00eb Zeland\u00ebn e Re, pastaj n\u00eb Siberi dhe gjetk\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Em\u00ebrtimi \u201cgjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane\u201d<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr k\u00ebto gjuh\u00eb \u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i vjetri dhe i pranuar nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Pothuajse po kaq i vjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe em\u00ebrtimi \u201cgjuh\u00ebt indogjermane\u201d<\/em>, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb vendet e shprehjes gjuh\u00ebsore gjermane. N\u00eb Angli ngandonj\u00ebher\u00eb shfaqet edhe em\u00ebrtimi\u00a0\u201c<\/em>gjuh\u00ebt<\/em> ariane\u201d<\/em>. Mir\u00ebpo, termi\u00a0arian<\/em>\u00a0i p\u00ebrgjigjet gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb indian\u00ebve<\/em> dhe t\u00eb iranian\u00ebve<\/em> t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr<\/em>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmit nga indoevropian\u00ebt q\u00eb e kan\u00eb quajtur veten arian\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ngjashm\u00ebria nd\u00ebrmjet gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane, n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste edhe sot \u00ebsht\u00eb evidente. P\u00ebr shembull fjala\u00a0\u201ctre\u201d<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb indishten e vjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0trayah,\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eb greqishten e vjet\u00ebr\u00a0treis<\/em>\u00a0(n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\u00a0tres<\/em>), n\u00eb gotishte\u00a0preis,\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eb lituanisht\u00a0trys<\/em>, n\u00eb sllavishten e vjet\u00ebr\u00a0trije,\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eb latinisht\u00a0tres.\u00a0<\/em>Kuptohet, ka edhe shum\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb shqiptohen ngjash\u00ebm n\u00eb disa gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj familjeje. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb tyre, gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim se n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e larg\u00ebt banor\u00ebt e hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb lartp\u00ebrmendura kan\u00eb folur n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e lasht\u00eb indoevropiane, d.m.th. n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e indoevropian\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Supozohet se atdheu i par\u00eb i indoevropian\u00ebve ka qen\u00eb diku n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore dhe Juglindore, por ka t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb e vendosin n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore. Pothuajse para gjasht\u00eb mij\u00eb vjet\u00ebve<\/em> fiset indoevropiane kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen duke k\u00ebrkuar hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u2019u vendosur. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb bashk\u00ebsia e par\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore indoevropiane fillon t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet<\/em>. K\u00ebshtu lind\u00ebn m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe deg\u00ebt<\/em> dhe n\u00ebndeg\u00ebt<\/em> e familjes gjuh\u00ebsore indoevropiane. Gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuara indoevropiane p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb to n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb<\/em>, diku t\u00eb madhe, diku m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Gjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt i kan\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb dy grupe: n\u00eb grupin\u00a0satem <\/em><\/strong>dhe n\u00eb grupin\u00a0kentum<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb i takojn\u00eb grupit satem, velar\u00ebt palatal\u00eb<\/em> t\u00eb indoevropianishtes s\u00eb st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb k, g, g h<\/em> kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb sibilant\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Fjala satem<\/em>\u00a0buron nga gjuha avestike<\/em> p\u00ebr numrin \u201cnj\u00ebqind\u201d<\/em>\u00a0– satem.<\/em>\u00a0Nd\u00ebrsa\u00a0kentum\u00a0<\/em>rrjedh prej fjal\u00ebs latine\u00a0centum\u00a0<\/em>p\u00ebr numrin \u201cnj\u00ebqind\u201d.<\/em> Ka pasur studiues t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ndarjen e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane n\u00eb\u00a0satem<\/em>\u00a0dhe n\u00eb\u00a0kentum<\/em>\u00a0e kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb familjen e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt, si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

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  1. GJUHA SHQIPE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    P\u00ebrb\u00ebn deg\u00eb indoevropiane t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb<\/em>. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e af\u00ebrt me asnj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga gjuh\u00ebt e njohura indoevropiane. Sipas gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebve eminent\u00eb evropian\u00eb, sidomos gjerman\u00eb dhe austriak\u00eb, shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebse e gjuh\u00ebs ilire<\/em>. Flitet: n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn lindore (Preshev\u00eb, Bujanovc, Medvegj\u00eb), n\u00eb viset shqiptare n\u00eb Maqedoni, n\u00eb viset shqiptare n\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi, n\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri. N\u00eb Ballkan, gjuha shqipe flitet prej shtat\u00eb milion\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve. Shqipja flitet edhe n\u00eb ngulimet e arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve<\/em> n\u00eb Kalabri dhe n\u00eb Sicili, n\u00eb Zar\u00eb t\u00eb Dalmacis\u00eb n\u00eb bregdetin kroat (lagjja Arbanasi) etj. Shqipja flitet edhe n\u00eb diaspor\u00ebn shqiptare n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, n\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb Kanada, n\u00eb Australi. Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i shqiptar\u00ebve banojn\u00eb n\u00eb Turqi.<\/p>\n

    Gjuha shqipe i ka ruajtur tiparet thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb trash\u00ebguara nga nj\u00eb faz\u00eb e hershme indoevropiane, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb\u00a0sistemi i rasave <\/em>dhe\u00a0zgjedhimi foljor<\/em>, natyrisht, me ndryshime t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrftuara n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e shekujve. Ajo ka edhe nj\u00eb fond t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm\u00a0fjal\u00ebsh t\u00eb trash\u00ebguara<\/em><\/strong>, si:\u00a0dit\u00eb, nat\u00eb, dim\u00ebr, ujk, uj\u00eb, pun\u00eb, zem\u00ebr, i leht\u00eb, i thell\u00eb, i r\u00ebnd\u00eb, jam, kam, bie, ha, pi etj.<\/em>\u00a0Ky fond i trash\u00ebguar arrin n\u00eb rreth 2000<\/em> fjal\u00eb t\u00eb parme<\/em>, nga t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb formuar shum\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb prejardhura, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra<\/em> dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrngjitura<\/em>, si p.sh.:\u00a0pun\u00ebtor, pun\u00ebtori, punishte, punoj, punim, punonj\u00ebs, pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs\u00a0<\/em>etj. Sipas studiuesve t\u00eb huaj, shqipja ndodhet pik\u00ebrisht te rr\u00ebnja e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane.<\/p>\n

    Disa fjal\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0GJUH\u00cbN ILIRE<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar shkrimtar\u00ebt antik\u00eb. Emra t\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7\u00ebm vendesh e njer\u00ebzish jan\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb veprat e shkrimtar\u00ebve antik\u00eb<\/em> apo n\u00eb mbishkrimet ilire<\/em>. P\u00ebr ilir\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong> dhe Ilirin\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>b\u00ebjn\u00eb fjal\u00eb burimet e autor\u00ebve antik\u00eb grek\u00eb e latin\u00eb dhe bizantin\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, prej koh\u00ebve t\u00eb lashta\u00a0homerike <\/em>deri n\u00eb shekullin VII t\u00eb e.s.\u00a0(Ilir\u00ebt dhe Iliria te autor\u00ebt antik\u00eb,\u00a0<\/em>Instituti i Historish dhe i Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb i USHT-s\u00eb, 1965, v\u00ebll. I, ribotuar n\u00eb vitin 2002).<\/p>\n

    Fise t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta ilire,\u00a0panoj\u00ebt\u00a0<\/em>dhe tesprot\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebrmenden n\u00eb poemat\u00a0Iliada<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Odisea<\/em><\/strong>. Emri i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt\u00a0ilir\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>del vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shekullin V p.e.r. te\u00a0Herodoti<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0Iliria<\/em><\/strong> e banuar nga ilir\u00ebt, p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit IV p.e.r. nga\u00a0Demosteni <\/em><\/strong>si fqinje per\u00ebndimore e Maqedonis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Nga gjuha ilire jan\u00eb ruajtur pak glosa, si:\u00a0sika<\/em> – thika, peli<\/em>\u00a0– qelq (Epir),\u00a0aspetos\u00a0<\/em>– i shpejt\u00eb (Epir),\u00a0sabaja<\/em> – nj\u00eb lloj birre etj.; emra njer\u00ebzish si\u00a0Bardhyl; Dardania<\/em> -dardh\u00eb,\u00a0Dalmatia<\/em> – delme – dele,\u00a0ulkin<\/em>\u00a0– ujk, \u00a0bala<\/em>\u00a0– bal\u00eb,\u00a0daz<\/em>\u00a0– dash etj.<\/p>\n

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    1. GJUHA ARMENE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb deg\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. E flasin armen\u00ebt n\u00eb atdheun e tyre dhe jasht\u00eb tij, armen\u00ebt n\u00eb emigracion. Njihet n\u00eb dy forma:armenishtja klasike<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0armenishtja e sotme<\/em>\u00a0e re.<\/p>\n

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      1. DEGA INDO-IRANIANE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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        • N\u00ebndega indiane <\/em><\/strong>– Gjuh\u00ebt e vjetra indase<\/em>:\u00a0gjuha<\/em>vede<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0sanskritishtja;<\/em>gjuh\u00ebt indase t\u00eb mesme prak\u00ebrt, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:\u00a0pali, shaurasen\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0maharashtri<\/em>\u00a0si dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb reja indase: gjuh\u00ebt letrare \u2013\u00a0gjuha urde<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Pakistan dhe\u00a0gjuha hindu<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn qendrore dhe per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Gangesit dhe n\u00eb Rajasthan,\u00a0gjuha guxharat<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Guxharat,\u00a0gjuha penxhap <\/em>n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e ep\u00ebrme t\u00eb Indit,\u00a0gjuha pahar<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Himalaje dhe n\u00eb Nepal,\u00a0gjuha land<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn qendrore t\u00eb Indit,\u00a0gjuha sind<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb poshtme t\u00eb Indit,\u00a0gjuha marat<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Maharashtri n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb Bombeit,\u00a0gjuha bihar <\/em>n\u00eb Bihar dhe n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb Gangesit,\u00a0gjuha orise\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eb Orissi,\u00a0gjuha bengale<\/em>\u00a0rreth gryk\u00ebs s\u00eb Gangesit n\u00eb Bengal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Jasht\u00eb Indis\u00eb fliten\u00a0gjuha sinkaleze<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Sri-Lank\u00eb,\u00a0gjuha nepale <\/em>n\u00eb Nepal,\u00a0gjuha cigane<\/em>\u00a0ose\u00a0rome,\u00a0<\/em>gjuh\u00eb e cigan\u00ebve apo e rom\u00ebve evropian\u00eb.<\/p>\n

          N\u00eb Pakistan fliten sot 60 gjuh\u00eb, me gjuh\u00ebn\u00a0urdu\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>si gjuh\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb Indi fliten sot 200 gjuh\u00eb, 14 nga t\u00eb cilat m\u00ebsohen. Ka dhe shum\u00eb dialekte. Gjuh\u00eb zyrtare \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0indishtja<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn sanskrit<\/em><\/strong> (indishtja e vjet\u00ebr) \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar\u00a0Mahabharata<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Historia e madhe e Bharatas)<\/em>\u00a0nj\u00ebri nga dy eposet e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb sanskrite n\u00eb Indi, i konsideruar si nj\u00eb prej teksteve t\u00eb shenjta hindu. P\u00ebrfshin 110.000 kuplete (215.000 vargje)\u00a0<\/em>dhe mbase \u00ebsht\u00eb poema m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Tema qendrore e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb lufta nd\u00ebrmjet dy familjeve q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje fisnore, Kauravas dhe\u00a0 Pandavas, q\u00eb n\u00eb fund del fituese.<\/p>\n

          Mahabharata<\/em>\u00a0nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vep\u00ebr e nj\u00eb poeti t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, por p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb varg t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb poezish t\u00eb rapsod\u00ebve t\u00eb Indis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrpiluar nd\u00ebrmjet viteve 400 para er\u00ebs s\u00eb re dhe 200 t\u00eb er\u00ebs s\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

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              • N\u00ebndeg\u00ebs iraniane\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>t\u00eb deg\u00ebs indo-iraniane i takojn\u00eb: prej gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb vjetra iraniane \u2013gjuha avestike,\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>d.m.th.gjuha e librave t\u00eb shenjt\u00ebt\u00eb ithtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Zaratustr\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0gjuha e vjet\u00ebr persiane<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jan\u00eb shkruar mbishkrimet t\u00eb mbretit t\u00eb Persis\u00eb – Darit dhe t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij; gjuh\u00ebt e mesme iraniane:\u00a0gjuha pehlevi<\/em>, gjuh\u00eb persiane nga fisi i sundimtar\u00ebve Sasanid,\u00a0gjuha<\/em>\u00a0part<\/em>,\u00a0horezmike<\/em>\u00a0dhe sodike<\/em>\u00a0e part\u00ebve dhe pasardh\u00ebsi bashk\u00ebkohor i saj\u00a0gjuha jagnobike<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Samarkandit. Gjuha sodike ka qen\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me gjuh\u00ebn e vdekur\u00a0skite<\/em>\u00a0q\u00eb e kan\u00eb folur skit\u00ebt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Supozohet se nga gjuha skite rrjedh\u00a0gjuha osete\u00a0<\/em>e sotme \u2013 gjuh\u00eb iraniane n\u00eb Kaukaz. N\u00eb Azerbajxhan fliten gjuh\u00ebt iraniane:\u00a0gjuha tal\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0gjuha tat. <\/em><\/p>\n

                N\u00eb\u00a0gjuh\u00ebn kurde<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>flasin 25 milion\u00eb kurd\u00eb t\u00eb Kurdistanit, d.m.th. n\u00eb Irak, n\u00eb Turqi, n\u00eb Iran dhe n\u00eb Siri.\u00a0Gjuha pashto<\/em>\u00a0ose afgane\u00a0<\/em>\u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb zyrtare n\u00eb Afganistan, kurse\u00a0gjuha baluxhe<\/em>\u00a0flitet n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn Baluxhistan t\u00eb Pakistanit. N\u00eb Pamir fliten disa\u00a0gjuh\u00eb pamiri<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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                    1. DEGA BALTIKE-SLLAVE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 – <\/em><\/strong>N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt baltike<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb: lituanishtja, letonishtja\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0prusishtja e vjet\u00ebr<\/em>\u00a0e vdekur.<\/p>\n

                      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0– <\/em>Gjuh\u00ebt sllave<\/em><\/strong>p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen prej tre grupeve: gjuh\u00ebt sllave lindore, ku b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb:\u00a0 \u00a0rusishtja, ukrainishtja\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0bjellorus<\/em>ishtja;<\/em> gjuh\u00ebt sllave per\u00ebndimore, ku hyjn\u00eb:\u00a0polakishtja, polapishtja\u00a0<\/em>e vdekur, \u00e7ekishtja, sllovakishtja, gjuha luzhe e ep\u00ebrme, gjuha luzhe e poshtme;<\/em>\u00a0dhe gjuh\u00ebt sllave jugore, ku b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb: kroatishtja,<\/em>\u00a0serbishtja<\/em>,\u00a0sllovenishtja, bullgarishtja, maqedonishtja<\/em>\u00a0dhe forma e vjet\u00ebr e saj\u00a0sllavishtja e vjet\u00ebr<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                      N\u00eb grupin e gjuh\u00ebve sllave jugore pretendojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen edhe:\u00a0gjuha<\/em>\u00a0boshnjake\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0gjuha<\/em>\u00a0malazeze<\/em>. Sipas shkoll\u00ebs serbe, kroatishtja<\/em>, gjuha boshnjake<\/em> dhe gjuha malazeze<\/em> nuk jan\u00eb ve\u00e7se serbishte apo dialekte t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

                      Edhe bullgar\u00ebt e mohojn\u00eb ekzistimin e maqedonishtes. Sipas tyre, maqedonishtja popullore \u00ebsht\u00eb bullgarishte.<\/p>\n

                      Pes\u00eb deg\u00ebt e lartp\u00ebrmendura t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb grupin\u00a0satem<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

                      P\u00ebr dallim nga grupi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm i gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane, te t\u00eb cilat velar\u00ebt palatal\u00eb (qiellzor\u00eb) k, g, g h<\/em> kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb sibilant\u00eb, grupi\u00a0kentum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0i gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane\u00a0<\/em>q\u00eb pasojn\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb, velar\u00ebt palatal\u00eb i ruan si velar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

                      Pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha\u00a0gjuh\u00ebt kentum<\/em>\u00a0i takojn\u00eb pjes\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb banuar me indoevropian\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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                          1. DEGA KELTE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Prej saj, deri n\u00eb vitet \u201970 t\u00eb shekullit XX, jan\u00eb ruajtur deri diku tri gjuh\u00eb:\u00a0bretonishtja<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Bretanj\u00eb, e cila, n\u00ebn ndikimin e fr\u00ebngjishtes \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb zhdukje e sip\u00ebr,\u00a0gjuha velse<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0gjuha skoceze<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                            N\u00ebndeg\u00ebs ishullore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve kelte i takojn\u00eb edhe\u00a0gjuha man<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb ishullin Man dhe\u00a0gjuha kornike<\/em>\u00a0e vdekur n\u00eb Cornwall.<\/p>\n

                            Gjuha kelte<\/em>\u00a0apo\u00a0gjuha e gal\u00ebve<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb pjes\u00eb kontinentale ka vdekur n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb epok\u00ebs son\u00eb, por fushatat luftarake t\u00eb kelt\u00ebve e p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb Galin\u00eb, n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, n\u00eb Italin\u00eb veriore, n\u00eb Panonin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb (hap\u00ebsir\u00eb e rrafsh\u00ebt n\u00eb Hungari dhe n\u00eb Vojvodin\u00eb \u2013 Serbi), n\u00eb Ballkan, deri n\u00eb Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, ku disa emra n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn kelte ruhen edhe sot, si p.sh.: krahina\u00a0Galatia<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

                            Beogradin e quanin\u00a0Singidunum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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                                1. GJUH\u00cbT GJERMANIKE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Ndahen n\u00eb n\u00ebndeg\u00ebn lindore, me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesen kryesore –\u00a0gotishten\u00a0<\/em>e vdekur; n\u00eb n\u00ebndeg\u00ebn veriore, me gjuh\u00ebt:\u00a0islandishtja, norvegjishtja, suedishtja\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0danishtja<\/em>; n\u00eb n\u00ebndeg\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore, me gjuh\u00ebt: gjerman<\/em>ishtja<\/em> me dialektet e saj t\u00eb larta dhe t\u00eb ulta,\u00a0gjuha frige<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Friesland,\u00a0holandishtja\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eb Holand\u00eb me\u00a0afrikans\u00ebn<\/em>\u00a0(gjuh\u00eb e emigracionit holandez n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn e Jugut) si dhe\u00a0anglishtja<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                      1. DEGA ITALIKE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u00a0<\/strong>N\u00eb fillim\u00a0<\/strong>jan\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>folur gjuh\u00ebt e vjetra n\u00eb Italin\u00eb qendrore, si: n\u00ebndega\u00a0<\/em>latino-faliske me\u00a0gjuh\u00ebn latine<\/strong>,<\/em>\u00a0fillimisht gjuh\u00eb e qytetit t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs dhe e krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Lacis\u00eb dhe me\u00a0gjuh\u00ebn faliske<\/em>, gjuh\u00eb e qytetit t\u00eb Faleris\u00eb; n\u00ebndega osko-umbre, me\u00a0gjuh\u00ebn oske\u00a0<\/em>dhe me\u00a0gjuh\u00ebn umbre<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                        Pas nj\u00eb kohe, latinishtja mbizot\u00ebroi mbi t\u00eb gjitha gjuh\u00ebt e tjera italike dhe u b\u00eb gjuh\u00eb bot\u00ebrore e Perandoris\u00eb Romake.<\/p>\n

                                        Nga e ashtuquajtura\u00a0latinishte vulgare<\/em>\u00a0(popullore)\u00a0<\/em>lind\u00ebn GJUH\u00cbT<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ROMANE <\/em><\/strong>apo\u00a0NEOLATINE\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>t\u00eb sotme, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:\u00a0portugalishtja, spanjishtja, katalonishtja, gjuha provansale, fr\u00ebngjishtja,<\/em>\u00a0tre grupet e dialekteve\u00a0retoromane<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Alpe t\u00eb cilat disa i konsiderojn\u00eb si gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta: grupi\u00a0grizhun, tirol\u00a0<\/em>dhe furlan<\/em>,\u00a0gjuha istroromane <\/em>n\u00eb zon\u00ebn prej Pulle deri n\u00eb Rovinj (qytete n\u00eb bregdetin kroat dhe slloven) n\u00eb Istrie,\u00a0gjuha istrorumune<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb disa fshatra t\u00eb U\u00e7k\u00ebs (U\u00e7ka),\u00a0gjuha dalmate<\/em>\u00a0e vdekur n\u00eb bregdetin kroat, prej K\u00ebrke deri n\u00eb Dubrovnik (flitej deri n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7arin e par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX).<\/p>\n

                                        K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfshihen edhe do gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb fliteshin jasht\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, e q\u00eb ishin zhvilluar mbi baz\u00ebn romane, si p.sh.\u00a0gjuha haite, kreole.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                        N\u00eb veri t\u00eb Danubit ndodhet Dakia<\/em><\/strong>, vend i vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, sot Rumania. Perandori romak Marko Ulpie Trajani (sundoi n\u00eb vitet 98-117)<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb vitet 101-107 pas K. e pushtoi Dakin\u00eb. Banor\u00ebt e saj \u2013 dak\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>, u romanizuan<\/em>.\u00a0Rumanishtja <\/em>\u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja gjuh\u00eb\u00a0neolatine<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>e folur n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn lindore, e cila u zhvillua nga latinishtja<\/em> q\u00eb e solli aty Trajani. Roman\u00eb konsiderohen edhe\u00a0moldav\u00ebt, vlleht\u00eb, cincar\u00ebt (arumun\u00ebt)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>N\u00eb shekullin VI<\/em> gjuha latine del nga p\u00ebrdorimi publik<\/em> dhe mbetet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebr kisha.<\/p>\n

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                                            1. GJUHA GREKE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              Sikur shqipja<\/em> dhe armenishtja<\/em>, edhe greqishtja p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb deg\u00eb indoevropiane t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Dallohen:\u00a0greqishtja e vjet\u00ebr<\/em>\u00a0e cila kishte nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh dialektesh;\u00a0greqishtja e mesme (bizantine)<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0greqishtja e sotme (e re).<\/em><\/p>\n

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                                                  1. DEGA ANATOLIKE<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>N\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>lasht\u00ebsi, n\u00eb Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl jan\u00eb folur disa gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb vdekura. N\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0hetitishtja<\/em>, gjuh\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Hetite n\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arin e dyt\u00eb p.e.s<\/em>. Kjo gjuh\u00eb u zbulua n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX n\u00eb pllaka argjile q\u00eb u zbuluan prej arkeolog\u00ebve n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Ankaras\u00eb, n\u00eb Turqi. Pastaj gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me hetitishten, si\u00a0gjuha luvike, palaje;\u00a0<\/em>gjuh\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb Azis\u00eb s\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, po ashtu t\u00eb vdekura, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:\u00a0gjuha likike, gjuha lidike,\u00a0<\/em>mbase edhe gjuha karike.<\/em><\/p>\n

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                                                        1. DEGA E TOKARISHTES<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                          \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>N\u00eb Turkestanin kinez, n\u00eb lindje, jan\u00eb gjetur shkrime n\u00eb dy gjuh\u00eb. Emri i tyre i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nuk dihet. N\u00eb literatur\u00eb i quajn\u00eb: tokarishtja A<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0tokarishtja B<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                          * \u00a0* \u00a0*<\/p>\n

                                                          GJUH\u00cbT INDOEVROPIANE T\u00cb VDEKURA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                          P\u00ebrpos gjuh\u00ebve anatolike – hetitishtes<\/em> dhe\u00a0tokarishtes<\/em>\u00a0jan\u00eb edhe do gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera indoevropiane t\u00eb vdekura. N\u00eb Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb Lidis\u00eb, Mizis\u00eb dhe Karis\u00eb jan\u00eb gjetur ca mbishkrime n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn frige<\/em><\/strong>. Sipas legjendave, frigasit n\u00eb Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl kan\u00eb ardhur prej Gadishullit Ballkanik, e q\u00eb andej n\u00eb Armeni, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb disa mendojn\u00eb se frigishtja ka qen\u00eb mjaft e af\u00ebrt me armenishten.<\/p>\n

                                                          N\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb antike \u00ebsht\u00eb folur\u00a0maqedonishtja<\/em><\/strong>. Sipas studiuesve grek\u00eb, maqedonishtja ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb dialekt i greqishtes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Ka studiues q\u00eb thon\u00eb se nuk dihet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt n\u00eb ka qen\u00eb ndonj\u00eb dialekt i greqishtes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr apo gjuh\u00eb n\u00eb vete.<\/p>\n

                                                          \u00c7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me gjuh\u00ebt dhe me prejardhjen e popujve, shpesh n\u00eb histori jan\u00eb interpretuar nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime politike<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                          N\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Apulis\u00eb n\u00eb Italin\u00eb jugore jan\u00eb gjetur mbishkrime t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb\u00a0mesapishte<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>– dialekt i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb i ilirishtes.\u00a0<\/strong>Ka studiues q\u00eb thon\u00eb se mesap\u00ebt n\u00eb gadishullin italian kan\u00eb ardhur nga Ballkani.<\/p>\n

                                                          N\u00eb rajonin e Venetit t\u00eb sot\u00ebm n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, para ardhjes s\u00eb romak\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb folur\u00a0venetishtja<\/em><\/strong>. Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar si nj\u00eb dialekt i ilirishtes. M\u00eb von\u00eb do studiues e konsideruan si nj\u00eb deg\u00eb indoevropiane t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n

                                                          N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn antike, deri n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs s\u00eb re,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb Iliri \u00ebsht\u00eb folur\u00a0ilirishtja<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                          Trakishtja\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>ka\u00a0<\/strong>qen\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e fqinj\u00ebve verior\u00eb t\u00eb grek\u00ebve\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>trakasve<\/em>. Prej trakishtes jan\u00eb ruajtur vet\u00ebm disa fjal\u00eb dhe dy mbishkrime t\u00eb shkurtra<\/em>. Trakia n\u00eb koh\u00ebn antike ka qen\u00eb vend i Helad\u00ebve n\u00eb veri. Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Bullgaris\u00eb, e Greqis\u00eb dhe e Turqis\u00eb.\u00a0N\u00eb vitin 1923, e gjith\u00eb traka n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb lumit Maric\u00eb n\u00eb Bullgari, iu rikthye Turqis\u00eb dhe quhet Rumeli.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                          * \u00a0* \u00a0*<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                          PELLAZG\u00cbT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>–\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Pellazg\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb popullsi e lasht\u00eb mesdhetare parailire<\/em> dhe paragreke<\/em>. Sipas autor\u00ebve antik\u00eb\u00a0– Homerit, Hesiodit, Herodotit, Tukididit <\/em><\/strong>etj. – <\/em>pellazg\u00ebt kan\u00eb banuar n\u00eb pellgun e Egjeut dhe n\u00eb bregdetin per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Azis\u00eb se Vog\u00ebl, n\u00eb Peloponez, n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb qendrore, n\u00eb Thesali e gjetk\u00eb. P\u00ebrcaktimi i karakterit etnik t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj popullsie ishte shtruar si \u00e7\u00ebshtje qysh n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, p.sh. nga\u00a0Straboni<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                          Gjat\u00eb\u00a0Rilindjes Komb\u00ebtare<\/em>\u00a0Shqiptare <\/em>pik\u00ebpamja se nga pellazg\u00ebt e ka prejardhjen populli shqiptar u p\u00ebrkrah si mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar lasht\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij.<\/p>\n

                                                          Pik\u00ebpamjet e sotme m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmblidhen n\u00eb dy q\u00ebndrime kryesore:<\/p>\n

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                                                              1. N\u00eb Ballkan dhe n\u00eb Mesdhe ka jetuar nj\u00eb popull i st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb me emrin pellazg, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbeu si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr formimin e popujve t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj treve. Gjuha e tyre\u00a0– pellazgjishtja<\/em>duhet konsideruar si nj\u00eb\u00a0gjuh\u00eb e par\u00eb indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>;<\/li>\n
                                                              2. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan dhe n\u00eb Mesdhe nuk ka pasur nj\u00eb popullsi t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe as nj\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto treva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                Ndaj, sipas disa studiuesve, em\u00ebrtimet\u00a0pellazg\u00eb\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0pellazgjishte<\/em>\u00a0jan\u00eb t\u00eb pasakta. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast banor\u00ebt quhen\u00a0parailir\u00eb<\/em>,\u00a0paragrek\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0parathrak\u00eb,<\/em>\u00a0k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohet mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb karakterit t\u00eb tyre etnik.<\/p>\n

                                                                PELLAZGJISHTJA<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                Sipas disa studiuesve, gjuha e pellazg\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e panjohur. Disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr t\u00eb, nxirren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrthort\u00eb. Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar lidhje t\u00eb pellazgjishtes me gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera indoevropiane. E kan\u00eb afruar at\u00eb her\u00eb me\u00a0ilirishten<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet saj me\u00a0shqipen<\/em><\/strong>, her\u00eb me\u00a0thrakishten<\/em><\/strong>, her\u00eb me gjuh\u00ebt\u00a0gjermanike<\/em><\/strong> etj.<\/p>\n

                                                                Si mbetje t\u00eb pellazgjishtes jan\u00eb v\u00ebshtruar disa fjal\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0greqishtes<\/em>\u00a0dhe disa emra vendesh, njer\u00ebzish dhe per\u00ebndish, me disa prapashtesa t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta,\u00a0q\u00eb nuk i kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat tipare fonetike q\u00eb e karakterizojn\u00eb greqishten<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XVIII, e ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me\u00a0rilind\u00ebsit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e shekullit XIX, nga studiues shqiptar\u00eb dhe t\u00eb huaj u hodh dhe u trajtua\u00a0teza e lidhjes s\u00eb pellazg\u00ebve me shqiptar\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0e pellazgjishtes me shqipen<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                P\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar lasht\u00ebsin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes pellazge t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve e shtjelluan sidomos rilind\u00ebsit De Rada, Dhimit\u00ebr Kamarda, Pashko Vasa, Naim Frash\u00ebri, Sami Frash\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb e trajtoi dhe e b\u00ebri t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb rrethet shkencore evropiane diplomati, filologu dhe albanologu austriak, i konsideruar themelues i studimeve shqiptare\u00a0Johan Georg fon Han\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Johann Georg von Hahn, 1811-1869)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Gjat\u00eb shekullit XX me pellazg\u00ebt dhe me pellazgjishten jan\u00eb marr\u00eb disa gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, si linguisti gjerman\u00a0Paul Kre\u00e7mer\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Paul Kretschmer, 1866-1956),<\/em>\u00a0linguisti dhe filologu bullgar\u00a0Vladimir Ivanov Georgiev\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(1908-1986), <\/strong><\/em>gjuh\u00ebtari dhe studiuesi belg\u00a0<\/em>Albert Joris van Vindekens\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Albert Joris van Windekens, 1915-1989),\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>linguisti austriak\u00a0<\/em>Fric Lohner-Hytenbah\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Fritz Lochner-H\u0171ttenbach, 1930<\/em>–)<\/em>\u00a0etj. Vindekensi pellazgjishten e quan gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane.<\/p>\n

                                                                *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb vitet \u201960 t\u00eb shekullit XX tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes pellazge t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe e ka mbrojtur edhe pellazgologu i par\u00eb shqiptar – Prof.\u00a0Spiro N. Konda<\/strong>,<\/em>\u00a0filolog, helenist dhe historian, i lindur n\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00eb, i diplomuar n\u00eb Universitetin e Athin\u00ebs, autor i librit historiko-filologjik\u201cShqiptar\u00ebt dhe problemi pellasgjik\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb vitn 1962 n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke, por edhe n\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00eb m\u00eb 1964 n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe.<\/p>\n

                                                                Tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes pellazge t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve e ka mbrojtur edhe pellazgologu i shquar Prof.<\/strong>\u00a0Dhimit\u00ebr Pilika<\/strong>\u00a0(Kor\u00e7\u00eb, 1923-2003, Tiran\u00eb)<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb librin\u00a0\u201cPellazg\u00ebt, origjina jon\u00eb e mohuar. Cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit e pellazg\u00ebve\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0Botimet enciklopedike, Tiran\u00eb, 2005..Prof. Pilika studioi drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Sien\u00ebs n\u00eb Itali. \u00cbsht\u00eb nip i Thimi Mitkos.<\/p>\n

                                                                GJUH\u00cbT Q\u00cb FLITEN N\u00cb EVROP\u00cb, E Q\u00cb NUK I TAKOJN\u00cb FAMILJES S\u00cb GJUH\u00cbVE INDOEVROPIANE<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                Nuk u takojn\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane:\u00a0gjuha\u00a0baske<\/strong>, finlandishtja<\/strong>,\u00a0hungarishtja<\/strong>,\u00a0estonishtja<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(n\u00eb Baltik). <\/em>Familjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane nuk i takon as\u00a0turqishtja<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0Gjuha finlandeze<\/em>\u00a0i takon\u00a0grupit baltiko-fin t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve ugro-fine<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me estonishten<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Gjuh\u00ebn baske<\/em>\u00a0(baskishten) e flasin n\u00eb\u00a0vendin bask\u00ebve<\/em>\u00a0(n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Franc\u00eb) rreth nj\u00eb milion fol\u00ebs. Nuk lidhet me ndonj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb njohur dhe ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb mbetje e gjuh\u00ebve para-indoevropiane t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs.\u00a0Hungarishtja<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gjuh\u00ebt\u00a0ugro-fine<\/em>\u00a0dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja gjuh\u00eb e madhe e deg\u00ebs\u00a0ugrike<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                * \u00a0* \u00a0*<\/p>\n

                                                                STUDIMET E PARA T\u00cb GJUH\u00cbVE INDOEVROPIANE<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Qysh n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi u pa se nd\u00ebrmjet greqishtes<\/em> dhe latinishtes<\/em> ka disa ngjashm\u00ebri. Por, p\u00ebr paraqitjen dhe p\u00ebr zhvillimin e\u00a0indoevropianistik\u00ebs <\/em>ndikoi vet\u00ebm njohja e Evrop\u00ebs me kultur\u00ebn indiane<\/em><\/strong> dhe me sanskritin<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Q\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit XVI u v\u00ebrejt\u00ebn ngjashm\u00ebri t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb sanskritishtes me disa gjuh\u00eb evropiane. Jehon\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe pat\u00ebn mendimet e orientalistit anglez\u00a0Viliem Xhonsit\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Wiliem Jones,<\/em>\u00a01746-1794)<\/em>\u00a0i cili kishte sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb Indi.<\/p>\n

                                                                Poeti dhe kritiku gjerman\u00a0Fridrih Shlegel<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, 1772-1829)<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0<\/strong>romantizmi i hersh\u00ebm, konstatimet e Xhonsit\u00a0(Jones)<\/em>\u00a0lidhur me sanskritin i prit\u00ebn me entuziaz\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb k\u00ebto rrethana u paraqit vepra e njohur e studiuesit gjerman\u00a0Franc Bopit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Franz Bopp, 1791-1867) \u201cMbi sistemin e zgjedhimit t\u00eb sanskritit, krahasuar me sistemin e zgjedhimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs greke, latine, persiane dhe gjermane\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                Kjo vep\u00ebr merret si fillim i periudh\u00ebs\u00a0krahasimtare <\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Bopi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e\u00a0linguistik\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0si shkenc\u00eb e pavarur. \u00cbsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb argumentoi se shqipja b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb trungun e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs\u00a0\u201cGramatika krahasuese e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane\u201d (1833-1852).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00ebt e ardhsh\u00ebm indoevropianistika mori nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb hovsh\u00ebm. U shtruan \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb kishin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin me gjuh\u00ebn para-indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>, me atdheun e hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb para-indoevropian\u00ebve<\/em> dhe me popullin para-indoevropian<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                U paraqit\u00a0<\/em>teoria e linguistit gjerman\u00a0August Shlajerit\u00a0<\/strong>(August Schleicher, 1821-1867) \u2013 Teoria e trungut gjenealogjik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs indoevropiane<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0si dhe\u00a0Teoria e val\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Wellentheorie)\u00a0<\/em>e linguistit gjerman\u00a0Johan Shmitit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Johannes Schmidt, 1843-1901)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb vitin 1861 August Shlajeri botoi vepr\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb madhe P\u00ebrmbledhje e gramatik\u00ebs krahasuese t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indogjermane<\/em><\/strong>. Tentoi ta b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe rikonstruktimin e gjuh\u00ebs\u00a0proto-indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0Filloi botimi i revistave linguistike t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

                                                                U paraqit\u00ebn drejtimet kryesore n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb\u00a0komparativizmi i hersh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0natyralizmi biologjik<\/em><\/strong>, psikologjizmi<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0Teoria mbi bot\u00ebn<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>e filozofit dhe gjuh\u00ebtarit gjerman\u00a0Humbold<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Karl Vilhelm, baron Von Humbold, 1767-1835)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Me veprat e\u00a0gramatikan\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj<\/em><\/strong>, kjo periudh\u00eb e formimit t\u00eb\u00a0gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0arriti kulmin e vet. N\u00eb vitin 1880 doli vepra e linguistit dhe leksikografit gjerman\u00a0Prof. Herman Paulit\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Herman Paul, 1846-1821)\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cParimet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs\u201d<\/strong><\/em>,<\/strong> me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u vun\u00eb bazat teorike t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

                                                                Gramatika krahasuese indoevropiane<\/em>\u00a0u b\u00eb model i studimit t\u00eb\u00a0familjeve t\u00eb tjera gjuh\u00ebsore<\/em>\u00a0dhe burim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i njohjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX, me linguistin zviceran\u00a0Ferdinand de Sosyrit\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Ferdinand de Saussure, 1857-1913)<\/em>, shpejt e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi n\u00eb at\u00eb rol\u00a0linguistika e p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0<\/em>por ndikimi i gramatikan\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb vende t\u00eb caktuara ende ishte i fuqish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

                                                                * \u00a0* \u00a0*<\/p>\n

                                                                FAMILJE T\u00cb TJERA GJUH\u00cbSH <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                Familja e\u00a0gjuh\u00ebve uralo-altaike<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0gjuh\u00ebt hamite<\/em><\/strong>, gjuh\u00ebt semite<\/em><\/strong> – P\u00ebrpos familjes indoevropiane t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve, ekzistojn\u00eb edhe familje t\u00eb tjera gjuh\u00ebsh, si:\u00a0gjuh\u00ebt uralo-altaike<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0grup gjuh\u00ebsor turan<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt:\u00a0ugro-fine (hungarishtja…), samojed<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0altaike<\/em>, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht\u00a0manxhu-tunguze, turko-tatare <\/em>dhe\u00a0mongole<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                Gjuh\u00ebt hamite<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>fliten prej\u00a0<\/strong>popujve hamit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt banojn\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb berber\u00ebt, egjiptian\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr, kopt\u00ebt etj.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u00eb grupin e\u00a0gjuh\u00ebve semite<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>b\u00ebjn\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>pjes\u00eb:\u00a0gjuha babilonase, gjuha asirike, hebraishtja e vjet\u00ebr, gjuha fenikase, gjuha arameike dhe gjuha sirike, arabishtja, etiopishtja e vjet\u00ebr (gejez), gjuha amhar \u2013\u00a0<\/em>gjuh\u00eb e Etiopis\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore dhe disa gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera etiopike.<\/p>\n

                                                                Izraelishtja\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>e sotme quhet\u00a0ivrit.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                Xhelal Zejneli ribotim Gjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane jan\u00eb grup gjuh\u00ebsh t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebr nga krijimi i tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta. Ky grup i gjuh\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn familje gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Q\u00eb nga lasht\u00ebsia fliten ose jan\u00eb folur n\u00eb nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, prej skajit per\u00ebndimor t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs deri n\u00eb cepin lindor t\u00eb Indis\u00eb dhe deri n\u00eb Turkestanin kinez, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00a0GJUH\u00cbT INDOEVROPIANE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gjuhet-indoevropiane\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00a0GJUH\u00cbT INDOEVROPIANE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli ribotim Gjuh\u00ebt indoevropiane jan\u00eb grup gjuh\u00ebsh t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebr nga krijimi i tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta. Ky grup i gjuh\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn familje gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. 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