{"id":58910,"date":"2020-08-16T09:27:59","date_gmt":"2020-08-16T07:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=58910"},"modified":"2020-08-16T09:27:59","modified_gmt":"2020-08-16T07:27:59","slug":"shqipja-dhe-shqiptaret-ne-studimet-e-studiuesve-te-huaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shqipja-dhe-shqiptaret-ne-studimet-e-studiuesve-te-huaj\/","title":{"rendered":"SHQIPJA DHE SHQIPTAR\u00cbT N\u00cb STUDIMET E STUDIUESVE T\u00cb HUAJ"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Xhelal
Xhelal Zejneli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Historia dhe gjuha e shqiptar\u00ebve, nj\u00eb terra incognita<\/em><\/strong> p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn shkencore t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Rilindjes evropiane, u b\u00eb relativisht von\u00eb objekt i nj\u00eb interesimi t\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe hetimi shkencor, p\u00ebr arsye se Shqip\u00ebria ende nuk ishte nj\u00eb shtet i pavarur ose autonom, e rrjedhimisht, historia dhe kultura e saj u pa vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kuadrin e nj\u00eb entiteti m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb politik, t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane.<\/p>\n

Lidhur me prejardhjen e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn shkencore relevante kan\u00eb mbizot\u00ebruar pes\u00eb hipoteza:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Teza ilire<\/strong>: m\u00eb 1774: historiani suedez, Hans Tunman<\/strong> (Hans Erick Thunmann, 1746-1778); 1811: ushtaraku, diplomati, studiuesi anglez Uiljam<\/strong> Martin Lik<\/strong> (William Martin Leake, 1777-1860); 1854: diplomati gjerman, Johan Georg fon Han<\/strong> (Johann Georges von Hahn, 1811-1869); 1861: gjuh\u00ebtari slloven Franc Miklosi\u00e7<\/strong> (Franz Miklosich, 1813-1891); 1882: gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman, indoevropianist, albanolog me em\u00ebr Gustav Majer<\/strong> (Gustav Meyer, 1850-1900); 1894: gjuh\u00ebtari danez Holger Pedersen<\/strong>, 1867-1953); 1973: gjuh\u00ebtari polak, indoevropianist, albanolog Vaclav \u00c7imohovski<\/strong> (Waclaw Cimochowski, Kursk, Rusi, 1912- Gdynia, Poloni, 1982); gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman, ilirolog Hans Krahe<\/strong> (Hans Krahe, 1898-1965) etj.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00eb gjith\u00eb dijetar\u00ebt e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb shqiptare, n\u00eb krye me Eqrem \u00c7abejin<\/strong> (1908-1980) mbrojn\u00eb tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes ilire t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha hap\u00ebsirat n\u00eb Gadishullin Ballkanik.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Teza<\/strong> trake<\/strong>: m\u00eb 1891: filologu gjerman Karl Pauli<\/strong> (Carl Pauli, 1839-1901); 1893: filologu e orientalisti \u00e7ek-austriak Vilhelm Tomashek<\/strong> (Wilhelm Tomaschek, 1841-1901); 1898: filologu gjerman, indoevropianisti Herman Hirt<\/strong> (Hermann Hirt, 1865-1936); 1921: gjuh\u00ebtari ruso-gjerman Maks Fasmer<\/strong> (Max Julius Friedrich Vasmer, 1886-1962); 1927: gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman Gustav Vajgand<\/strong> (Gustaw Weigand, 1860-1930); 1938: gjuh\u00ebtari austriak-\u00e7ek Julius Pokorni<\/strong> (Julius Pokorny, 1887-1970); 1954: gjuh\u00ebtari kroat, ballkanolog e albanolog Henrik Bariq<\/strong>, (1888-1957); 1957: 1994: historiani gjerman Gotfrid Shram<\/strong> (Gottfried Schramm, 1929-2017).<\/li>\n
    2. Teza<\/strong> iliro-trake:<\/strong> m\u00eb 1911: Norbert Jokl<\/strong> (Norbert Jokl) 1925: Paul Kre\u00e7mer<\/strong> (Paul Kretschmer); 1940: linguisti italian Vitore Pisani<\/strong> (Vittore Pisani, 1889-1990); 1950: filologu e ballkanologu serb Milan Budimir<\/strong> (1891-1975); 1988: gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman, indoevropianist, keltolog, sllavist, u mor edhe me shqipen, mik i shqiptar\u00ebve Rolf K\u00ebderi\u00e7<\/strong> (Rolf Kdderitzsch, 1941-2020).<\/li>\n
    3. Teza dako-mizike<\/strong>: m\u00eb 1960: gjuh\u00ebtari bullgar Vladimir Georgiev<\/strong> (1908-1986).<\/li>\n
    4. Teza p\u00ebr zhvillimin e pavarur (autonom)<\/strong>: m\u00eb 1964: indogjermanisti gjerman Valter Porcig<\/strong> (Walter Porzig, 1895-1961), \u201cDas Albanische und die Vergleichende Indogermanisch Sprachwissenschaft\u201d<\/em>; 1966: linguisti amerikan Erik Pret Hemp<\/strong> (Eric Pratt Hamp, 1920-2019); 1987: gjuh\u00ebtarja ruse, albanologe Agnia Vasiljevna Desnickaja<\/strong> (1912-1992). Sipas studiuesve shqiptar\u00eb, Desnickaja i p\u00ebrmbahej mendimit p\u00ebr prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb shqipes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Historian bizantin, i vetmi athinas t\u00eb cilin e njeh historia e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bizantine, Laonik HALKOKONDILI <\/strong>(Laonici Chalkokondylas, 1423-1490) \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cTregime historike n\u00eb dhjet\u00eb libra\u201d<\/em>. Mendohet se ka lindur n\u00eb Athin\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje fisnike, nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuarat n\u00eb shekullin XV. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij ka p\u00ebrshkruar ngjarjet e viteve 1298-1487, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb ato q\u00eb kishte par\u00eb e d\u00ebgjuar vet\u00eb si dhe n\u00eb burime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shkruara. Halkokondili ndoqi modelin e Herodotit<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb Tukididit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Vepra e Halkokndilit ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi edhe si burim p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr<\/em><\/strong> ilir\u00ebt, p\u00ebr prejardhjen e shqiptar\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>, p\u00ebr pushtimet e para t\u00eb osman\u00ebve n\u00eb Shiqip\u00ebri, p\u00ebr zot\u00ebrimet e Gjon Kastriotit dhe t\u00eb Gjergj Arianitit, p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Gjin Zenebishit <\/strong>(? \u2013 1417\/18) kund\u00ebr osman\u00ebve, p\u00ebr kryengritjen e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Gjirokast\u00ebr n\u00eb vitin 1433, p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e Sfetigradit, p\u00ebr rrethimin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs dhe disfat\u00ebn e sulltan Muratit II <\/strong>(1403\/1404 \u2013 1451), p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjet e Gjergj Kastriotit <\/strong>(1405-1468) dhe t\u00eb Gjergj Arianitit <\/strong>(?1383 \u2013 rreth vitit 1462\/63) me udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin ushtarak hungarez, me prejardhje rumune Janosh Huniadin <\/strong>(1407-1456), p\u00ebr ekspeditat e Gjergj Kastriotit n\u00eb Itali, p\u00ebr luft\u00ebrat dhe kryengritjet e shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Peloponezit n\u00eb vitet 1432, 1454 etj.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb paraqitjen e ngjarjeve, n\u00eb krahasim me autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, Halkokondili mban nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim m\u00eb objektiv. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb disa raste n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebrzihen ngjarjet, lart\u00ebsohen pa vend pushtimet osmane etj.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Herodoti <\/strong>(rreth 484 ose 490 \u2013 424\/25 para K.) \u00ebsht\u00eb historian i Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb, i quajtur baba i historis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimeve t\u00eb tij n\u00ebp\u00ebr Gadishullin Ballkanik vizitoi edhe Ilirin\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, Trakin\u00eb dhe Maqedonin\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cHistoria\u201d<\/em> me 9 libra. Vepra p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb dh\u00ebna edhe p\u00ebr pellazg\u00ebt<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb i pari autor q\u00eb z\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb emrin e ilir\u00ebve<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Tukididi <\/strong>(460 – vdiq pas vitit 400 para K.) historian grek. Ngjarjet historike i shpjegon me mjaft realiz\u00ebm, ndaj \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur historiani i par\u00eb i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn civile t\u00eb Epidamnit t\u00eb vitit 436 para K. si dhe p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen e Taulant\u00ebve <\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Koncepti i familjes gjuh\u00ebsore indoevropiane n\u00eb form\u00ebn e tij embrionale u parashtrua s\u00eb pari nga orientalisti dhe juristi anglez Uillj\u00ebm Xhons<\/strong> (William Jons, 1746-1794) rreth 80 vjet pas letr\u00ebs s\u00eb Lajbnicit.<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00ebt gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs (shekulli VI deri XI), prejardhja e shqiptar\u00ebve, n\u00eb studimet gjermane<\/em><\/strong>, u b\u00eb objekt i nj\u00eb debati t\u00eb gjat\u00eb shkencor. Studimi i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundime mbi prejardhjen e saj e t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve filloi qysh me filozofin dhe matematikanin gjerman Lajbnic.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Studimi i par\u00eb gjerman, e nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht evropian, rreth prejardhjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe e t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve i takon filozofit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij Vilhelm Gorfrid<\/strong> LAJBNIC<\/strong> (Gottfried Wilhelm Lajbniz, 1646-1716). K\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje ia kishte k\u00ebrkuar miku i tij M. V. La Kroz\u00eb<\/strong> (La Crose) i cili ishte krye-bibliotekist i Bibliotek\u00ebs Mbret\u00ebrore t\u00eb Berlinit, ku tanim\u00eb ishte themeluar Akademia e Shkencave e Prusis\u00eb. P\u00ebr prejardhjen e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe Lajbnici b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb n\u00eb tri apo n\u00eb pes\u00eb letrat q\u00eb njihen si \u201cLetra shqiptare\u201d<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb cilat ia d\u00ebrgonte krye-bibliotekistit, e q\u00eb jan\u00eb shkruar nga 24.06.1704 deri m\u00eb 15.03.1715. N\u00eb to shtroi problemin e prejardhjes s\u00eb shqipes, e p\u00ebrkimeve, takimeve dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb saj me gjuh\u00ebt e tjera (indoevropiane). Theksoi nevoj\u00ebn e dallimit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve me burim vendas nga huazimet. Vuri n\u00eb dukje p\u00ebrkime dhe analogji t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve shqipe me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve gjermane, latine etj. Theksoi se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e dallueshme nga sllavishtja, hungarishtja, greqishtja, turqishtja.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb letr\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 10 dhjetor 1709 Lajbnici e quan shqipen \u201cgjuh\u00eb e ilir\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb\u201d.<\/em><\/strong> Enciklopedisti i gjuh\u00ebve \u2013 Lajbnici \u2013 thot\u00eb se kishte sht\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr dhe nj\u00eb fjalor t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt dihet se jan\u00eb \u201cDoktrina e k\u00ebrshten\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1618) e Pjet\u00ebr Budit<\/strong> (1566-1622) dhe \u201cFjalori latinisht-shqip\u201d<\/em> (Dictionarium latino-epiroticum)<\/em> (Rom\u00eb 1635) i Frang Bardhit<\/strong> (1606-1643). Filozofi i madh, n\u00eb etimologjizimet e fjal\u00ebve shqip operon me nj\u00eb koncept q\u00eb do t\u00eb formulohej shkenc\u00ebrisht rreth nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb von\u00eb. Shekulli XVIII \u00ebsht\u00eb shekull i iluminizmit<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb do t\u00eb merret me shqiptar\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb Hans Erih<\/strong> TUNMAN<\/strong> (Hans Erich Thunmann, 1746-1778). Ai del si eksploratori i par\u00eb i Evrop\u00ebs shkencore n\u00eb historin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve. Kishte v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb \u201cFjalorin latinisht-shqip\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb F. Bardhit dhe p\u00ebrkthimin shqip t\u00eb Katekizmit t\u00eb Belarminit nga Pjet\u00ebr Budi. Hans Tunman \u00ebsht\u00eb historian suedez, nj\u00eb nga albanolog\u00ebt e par\u00eb, profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Hales (Halle) n\u00eb Gjermani. Njohja me student\u00eb e tregtar\u00eb nga vendet e Evrop\u00ebs Lindore dhe Juglindore, midis tyre edhe me shqiptar\u00eb, ia nxiti interesin p\u00ebr ta studiuar gjuh\u00ebn dhe historin\u00eb e atyre vendeve.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cUntersuhungen \u00fcber die Geschichte der \u00f6stlichen europ\u00e4ischen V\u00f6lker\u201d (K\u00ebrkime p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e popujve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, <\/em>Lajpcig 1774)<\/em>, H. Tunman b\u00ebri p\u00ebrpjekjen e par\u00eb shkencore p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar prejardhjen e shqiptar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Vepra ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me historin\u00eb dhe me prejardhjen e shqiptar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb rumun\u00ebve. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb argumenteve historike t\u00eb nxjerra nga burimet greko-latine e bizantine, H. Tunman arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se shqiptar\u00ebt mesjetar\u00eb jan\u00eb vazhduesit autokton\u00eb t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb antike t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>, e cila nuk u romanizua si ajo dako-trake <\/em>paraardh\u00ebse e<\/em> rumun\u00ebve, <\/em>as nuk u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua n\u00eb viset e veta nga nj\u00eb popullsi e m\u00ebvonshme e dyndur k\u00ebtu.<\/p>\n

      Duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb burimet bizantine, ai jep historin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve mesjetar\u00eb, si nj\u00eb formacion etnokulturor unitar<\/em><\/strong> dhe si faktor politik m\u00eb vete<\/em><\/strong>. Si prov\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebtij populli, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin shprehte simpati p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb tij t\u00eb rob\u00ebruar, H. Tunman p\u00ebrfshiu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr fjalorin e mendimtarit dhe filozofit iluminist Theodor Kavaliotit <\/strong>(Voskopoj\u00eb, 1718 \u2013 Voskopoj\u00eb, 1797) q\u00eb ia kishte dor\u00ebzuar nx\u00ebn\u00ebsi i tij Konstandin Xhehani*<\/sup>, nj\u00eb voskopojar i ditur, me t\u00eb cilin u takua n\u00eb Hale. Vepra e H. Tunmanit p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb mbi baza shkencore problemin e formimit t\u00eb popullit shqiptar dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Konstandin Xhehani<\/strong> (emri i plot\u00eb Konstadin Haxhi Jorgji Xhehani (1740-1822) ishte filozof, m\u00ebsues, matematikan, poet voskopojar i shekullit XVIII. Lindi n\u00eb vitin 1740 n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e famshme mesjetare t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, Voskopoj\u00eb. Ishte nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i pedagogut t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb asaj kohe\u00a0Theodor Kavalioti n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e Re n\u00eb Voskopoj\u00eb. Studioi n\u00eb disa universitete evropiane: n\u00eb Modra t\u00eb Sllovakis\u00eb, Halle t\u00eb Prusis\u00eb (Gjermani), n\u00eb Kembrixh, n\u00eb Leiden t\u00eb Holand\u00ebs. Ishte njoh\u00ebs i mir\u00eb u kultur\u00ebs greko-romake dhe asaj evropiane.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Filozofi, shkrimtari dhe teoricieni i historis\u00eb i shekullit XVIII Johan Gotfrid<\/strong> HERDER<\/strong> (Johann Gottfried Herder, 1744-1803) n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cIde p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit\u201d,<\/em> 1784-1791), b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr popujt e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs e t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Herderi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr thot\u00eb p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt: \u201cAta nuk jan\u00eb aspak t\u00eb huaj, por nj\u00eb popull i lasht\u00eb i familjes evropiane\u201d.<\/em> Kjo ide e Herderit pohon autoktonin\u00eb e popullit shqiptar<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb popull me histori t\u00eb lasht\u00eb dhe rrjedhin prej ilir\u00ebve.<\/em> <\/strong>\u00cbsht\u00eb autori i tret\u00eb gjerman ( nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe evropian) q\u00eb shprehet n\u00eb favor t\u00eb prejardhjes ilire t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar vepra e Herderit<\/strong>, p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn shkencore ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb e njohur edhe pik\u00ebpamja q\u00eb mohonte autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve (rrjedhimisht edhe prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb tyre)<\/em> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet autor\u00ebve bizantin\u00eb Laonik Halkokondilit<\/strong> (rreth 1425-1490) dhe historian\u00ebve kishtar\u00eb Mishel Le-Quien<\/strong> (Michel Le Quien, 1661-1733) dhe Xhuzepe Simone Asemani <\/strong>(Guiseppe Simone Assemani, 1687-1768) q\u00eb i b\u00ebnin shqiptar\u00ebt t\u00eb ardhur gjat\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs, i pari nga Alba e Italis\u00eb, kurse dy t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt \u2013 nga Albania e Kaukazit. N\u00eb vij\u00ebn e tyre ishte edhe teza e doktorat\u00ebs e studiuesit Nikokles<\/strong> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn, nga pozita antishkencore, ai p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb argumentoj\u00eb ardhjen e shqiptar\u00ebve nga Albania e Kaukazit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e mesjet\u00ebs, q\u00eb ishte paraqitur s\u00eb pari nga historian\u00ebt kishtar\u00eb nj\u00eb shekull para tij.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitin 1807, gjeografi dhe gazetari danez-francez Konrad<\/strong> MALTE-BRUN <\/strong>(Conrad Malte-Brun, emri i lindjes: Malthe Conrad Bruun. Thisted, Danimark, 1775 \u2013 Paris, 1826) botoi n\u00eb fr\u00ebngjisht studimin \u201cEssai sur l\u2019origine, les moeurs et l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel de la nation albanaise\u201d<\/em> (Ese p\u00ebr prejardhjen, zakonet dhe gjendjen e tanishme t\u00eb kombit shqiptar)<\/em>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/em><\/strong>N\u00eb vitet 40 t\u00eb shekullit XIX gjuha shqipe u b\u00eb objekt studimi p\u00ebr figura t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb shquara bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasimtare<\/em> si\u00e7 ishin Franc Bopi<\/strong>, profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Berlinit dhe August Shlajheri<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1850, gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman August Shlajher <\/strong>(August Schleicher, 1821-1868), i njohur si themelues i teoris\u00eb s\u00eb pem\u00ebs gjenealogjike<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e krahasuar indoevropiane dhe rikonstruktuesi i gjuh\u00ebs protoindoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>, v\u00ebrtetoi karakterin indoevropian t\u00eb shqipes<\/em><\/strong>, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb asaj nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me greqishten<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1855 Bopi<\/strong> e hodhi posht\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen e Shlajherit rreth lidhjeve t\u00eb ngushta t\u00eb shqipes me greqishten. Ky ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm edhe p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen patriotike shqiptare gjat\u00eb Rilindjes son\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare, sepse sillte nj\u00eb argument shkencor kund\u00ebr propagand\u00ebs s\u00eb megali ides\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> rreth nj\u00eb lidhjeje t\u00eb lasht\u00eb prejardhjeje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt e kulturore t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve me grek\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari dhe albanologu gjerman Franc<\/strong> BOP <\/strong>(Franz Bopp, Mainz, 1791 \u2013 Berlin, 1867) \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluesi kryesor i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasuese historike indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>. Profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Berlinit. N\u00eb rrafshin e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasuese indoevropiane studioi edhe gjuh\u00ebn shqipe. Q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1843, n\u00eb nj\u00eb kumtim n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e Berlinit, analizoi num\u00ebror\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebremrat e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe<\/em> dhe tregoi karakterin indoevropian t\u00eb tyre<\/em>, duke konfirmuar p\u00ebrfundimin e gjuh\u00ebtarit dhe albanologut bavarez Jozef Riter fon Ksilander <\/strong>( Xylander), libri i t\u00eb cilit \u201cDie Sprache der Albanesen oder Schkip\u00ebtaren\u201d (Gjuha e shqiptar\u00ebve, <\/em>1835)<\/em> doli nga shtypi m\u00eb 1835. N\u00eb vitin 1854, Bopi botoi studimin \u201cUber das Albanesische in seinen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen\u201d<\/em> (Mbi gjuh\u00ebn shqipe n\u00eb lidhjet e afris\u00eb s\u00eb saj\u201d<\/em>, ku u b\u00ebri nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb historike pak a shum\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsore struktur\u00ebs gramatikore dhe disa elementeve t\u00eb leksikut t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

      Franc Bopi zbuloi nj\u00eb varg elementesh t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb shqipes me gjuh\u00ebt e tjera indoevropiane dhe v\u00ebrtetoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimtare se ajo b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb familjen gjuh\u00ebsore indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>, ku z\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb si gjuh\u00eb m\u00eb vete. Vepra e Franc Bopit qe nj\u00eb gur themeli n\u00eb studimin e historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cA Comparative Grammar of the Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German, and Sclavonic languages\u201d, <\/em>(1833-1852) n\u00eb 3 v\u00ebllime (Gramatika krahasuese e sanskritishtes, zendishtes, greqishtes, latinishtes, lituanishtes, gotishtes, gjermanishtes dhe e sllavishtes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr)<\/em>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Zend<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr iraniane me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar \u201cZend-Avesta\u201d<\/em>, libri i shenjt\u00eb i religjionit t\u00eb Zaratustr\u00ebs<\/strong>. Predikuesi dhe filozofi iranian Zaratustra jetoi midis shekujve VII dhe VI para K. dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb themelues i religjionit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr persian, mazdaizmit<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XIX Anglia<\/strong> dhe Franca<\/strong> kishin interesa politike, ekonomike dhe ushtarake n\u00eb Mesdhe dhe n\u00eb perandorin\u00eb Osmane, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe provinc\u00ebn shqiptare t\u00eb saj. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb Rajhu gjerman<\/strong> ende nuk kishte interesa t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla ekspansioniste n\u00eb rajon. Por n\u00eb \u201cklubin\u201d osman<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb fuqive evropiane shpejt do t\u00eb futet Austria<\/strong>. Q\u00eb nga vitet \u201840 t\u00eb shekullit XIX edhe Austria do t\u00eb kishte n\u00eb Janin\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e saj konsullor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Studimet rreth Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve hyr\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb re pas themelimit t\u00eb pashall\u00ebqeve shqiptare \u2013 autonome, sidomos t\u00eb pashall\u00ebkut t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i t\u00eb cilit, Ali pash\u00eb Tepelena<\/strong> (1740-1822), nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb madhore dhe m\u00eb komplekse t\u00eb kombit shqiptar, synoi jo vet\u00ebm autonomin\u00eb nga Porta, por edhe krijimin e nj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb pavarur q\u00eb do t\u00eb shtrinte sovranitetin e tij mbi t\u00eb gjitha trojet e banuara nga shqiptar\u00ebt. Ekzistenca e pashall\u00ebqeve faktikisht autonome i dha nj\u00eb impuls t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm zgjimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe ides\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti komb\u00ebtar shqiptar dhe b\u00ebri t\u00eb njohur Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb si nj\u00eb entitet i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb politik brenda Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, si nj\u00eb objekt hetimi p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn shkencore.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb pashall\u00ebkun e Ali pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs u vendos\u00ebn p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues diplomatik\u00eb t\u00eb fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, fillimisht t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs e t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u mor\u00ebn me problemet shqiptare bashk\u00ebkohore dhe t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

      Rreth problemit t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve u shpreh\u00ebn vet\u00ebm Puk\u00ebvili<\/strong> dhe Liku<\/strong>. Q\u00ebndrimet e tyre jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta. Studiuesi francez, Puk\u00ebvil pranon pik\u00ebpamjen fantastike t\u00eb autor\u00ebve bizantin\u00eb – Laonik Halkokondilit<\/strong>, t\u00eb teologut, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht historianit kishtar francez Mishel Le Quien<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb historianit kishtar Xhuzepe Simone Asemani<\/strong> t\u00eb mesit t\u00eb shekullit XVIII, q\u00eb i b\u00ebnin shqiptar\u00ebt t\u00eb ardhur gjat\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs, i pari nga Alba e Italis\u00eb, kurse dy t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt \u2013 nga Albania e Kaukazit.<\/p>\n

      Konsull i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Perandoris\u00eb, m\u00eb pas edhe i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb franceze n\u00eb Janin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Patra ishte akademiku, diplomati, shkrimtari, fizikani, historiani dhe arkeologu francez Fransua<\/strong> PUK\u00cbVIL <\/strong>(Fran\u00e7ois Charles Hugues Laurent Pouqueville, 1770-1838). Ndoqi nga af\u00ebr veprimtarin\u00eb e Ali pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs<\/strong> (1740-1822), themeluesit t\u00eb pashall\u00ebkut faktikisht autonom t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs. Njihet si historiani m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i \u00e7erekut t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XIX p\u00ebr pashall\u00ebkun e Janin\u00ebs. Vizitoi edhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, duke udh\u00ebtuar nga Janina n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr. \u00a0N\u00eb veprat e Puk\u00ebvilit<\/strong> jepen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb shumta mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

      \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i veprave \u201cVoyage de la Gr\u00e8ce\u201d<\/em> (Udh\u00ebtim n\u00ebp\u00ebr Greqi, <\/em>Paris 1820)<\/em> dhe \u201cHistoire de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la Gr\u00e8ce, prej 1740 deri m\u00eb 1824\u201d) (Historia e ringjalljes s\u00eb Greqis\u00eb,<\/em> Paris 1825).<\/em> N\u00eb to jep t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb \u00e7mueshme p\u00ebr vendin, p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr shtresat shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut. Ndon\u00ebse ishte armik politik i vezirit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, provoi m\u00eb s\u00eb miri synimet e tij p\u00ebr t\u2019u shk\u00ebputur nga Perandoria Osmane. Vler\u00ebsimet e Puk\u00ebvilit p\u00ebr ta nxir\u00eb personalitetin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb Ali pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs nuk i kan\u00eb q\u00ebndruar kritik\u00ebs bashk\u00ebkohore dhe asaj t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. Vepra e tij p\u00ebrshkohet nga nj\u00eb admirim p\u00ebr grek\u00ebt dhe nga nj\u00ebfar\u00eb denigrimi p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XIX, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues politik i qeveris\u00eb angleze pran\u00eb oborrit t\u00eb sundimtarit t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb Jugore, Ali pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs <\/strong>caktohet ushtaraku anglez Martin Uiljam<\/strong> LIK <\/strong>(Martin William Leake, 14.1.1777 \u2013 6.1.1860). \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i dy veprave n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn angleze: \u201cResearches in Greece\u201d<\/em> (K\u00ebrkime n\u00eb Greqi, 1854)<\/em> dhe \u201cTravels in Northen Greece\u201d (Udh\u00ebtime n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Veriut, <\/em>1835, n\u00eb kat\u00ebr v\u00ebllime)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e par\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 materialeve t\u00eb ndryshme me karakter ekonomiko-shoq\u00ebror dhe politik me interes p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, jep edhe sh\u00ebnime mbi gramatik\u00ebn shqipe<\/em> n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb punimi t\u00eb hartuar nga m\u00ebsuesi Estra Vithkuqari<\/strong>. Liku jep sh\u00ebnime edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fjalor<\/em> t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb sjell materiale p\u00ebrshkruese m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura, sidomos p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb, p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe gjendjen politike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut n\u00ebn sundimin e Ali pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs, si dhe p\u00ebr vendburimet arkeologjike. Liku mb\u00ebshteti prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Me punimet e Puk\u00ebvilit<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb Likut<\/strong> bota shkencore evropiane mori n\u00eb dor\u00eb nj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb pasur p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb si dhe nxitje p\u00ebr studimin e k\u00ebtij vendi dhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr q\u00ebllime njoh\u00ebse dhe studimi do t\u00eb sh\u00ebtisnin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri q\u00eb nga poeti romantik anglez Xhorxh Gordon Bajroni<\/strong> (George G. Byron, 1788-1824) dhe miku i tij Xhon Kem Hobhaus*<\/sup><\/strong> (1786-1869) deri te etnografi francez Ami Bue <\/strong>(Ami Bou\u00e9, 1794-1881) dhe arkeologu francez Leon Hezej <\/strong>(L\u00e9on Heuzey, 1831-1922). N\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb poem\u00ebs s\u00eb vet \u201cShtegtimet e \u00c7ajld Haroldit\u201d<\/em> (1812-1818) Bajroni vler\u00ebson traditat burr\u00ebrore, trim\u00ebrit\u00eb, fisnik\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe mikpritjen e shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Xhon Kem Hobhaus<\/strong> (John Cam Hobhouse, m\u00eb von\u00eb Lord Broughton, 1786-1869) ka qen\u00eb personalitet politik dhe letrar anglez, mik i ngusht\u00eb i poetit Xhorxh Gordon Bajron<\/strong>, t\u00eb cilin e shoq\u00ebroi n\u00eb udh\u00ebtimet e tij n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Greqi dhe n\u00eb Turqi. P\u00ebrshkrimin e k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebtimi edha n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cA journey through Albania and other provences of Turkey in Europa and Asia…..during the years 1809-1810\u201d (Udh\u00ebtim n\u00ebp\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebri dhe provinca t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Turqis\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe Azi… n\u00eb vitet 1809-1810, <\/em>Lond\u00ebr 1813, botim i ripunuar m\u00eb 1855)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Udh\u00ebtimi i Xhorxh Hobhausit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri p\u00ebrfshin jugper\u00ebndimin deri n\u00eb Tepelen\u00eb. Midis tjerash, ai shkruan: \u201cKur banor\u00ebt e viseve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Ballkanit pyeten se cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb, ata p\u00ebrgjigjen: \u201cjemi muhamedan\u00eb\u201d ose \u201cjemi t\u00eb krishter\u00eb\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa banori i k\u00ebtij vendi p\u00ebrgjigjet: \u201cjam shqiptar\u201d<\/strong><\/em>. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb librit, Hobhaus boton n\u00eb anglisht edhe gramatik\u00ebn shqipe<\/em> t\u00eb studiuesit arb\u00ebresh Fra\u00e7esko da Le\u00e7e*<\/sup> <\/strong>(Francesco da Lecce, vdiq m\u00eb 1718) dhe disa k\u00ebng\u00eb popullore t\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb, t\u00eb mbledhura nga vet\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Fran\u00e7eskani arb\u00ebresh At Fran\u00e7esko da Le\u00e7e<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i veprave \u201cDittionario italiano-albanese\u201d<\/em> (Fjalor italisht-shqip,<\/em> 1702, 228 f.)<\/em>; \u201cOsservazioni grammaticali nella lingua albanese\u201d (V\u00ebshtrime mbi gramatik\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, <\/em>Propaganda Fide, Rom\u00eb 1716)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Populli grek nuk ka asnj\u00eb pik\u00eb gjaku t\u00eb grek\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>Falmerajer<\/strong><\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1855 u botua teza e doktorat\u00ebs e studiuesit Nikokles<\/strong> n\u00eb Universitetin e Hajdelbergut n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn, nga pozita antishkencore, ai p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb argumentoj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen mitike t\u00eb ardhjes s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve nga Albania e Kaukazit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e mesjet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

      Punimi i Nikoklesit<\/strong> mori p\u00ebrgjigje shkencore n\u00eb vitin 1857 nga historiani dhe helenisti <\/em><\/strong>apo bizantinisti i shquar austriak i mesit t\u00eb shekullit XIX, Jakob Filip<\/strong> FALMERAJERI<\/strong> (Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer, 1790-1861), i cili tregoi karakterin antishkencor dhe fantastik t\u00eb punimit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Udh\u00ebtoi n\u00eb vende t\u00eb Lindjes, n\u00eb Turqi, n\u00eb Maqedoni si dhe n\u00eb Greqi, ku u njoh me popullsin\u00eb arb\u00ebreshe. N\u00eb veprat e tij, p\u00ebr prejardhjen grek\u00ebve thot\u00eb: \u201cPopulli grek nuk ka asnj\u00eb pik\u00eb gjaku t\u00eb grek\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje shqiptar\u00ebsh dhe sllav\u00ebsh, n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e tij popullore nuk ka asnj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsie t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimit kulturor antik\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Kjo pik\u00ebpamje e b\u00ebri at\u00eb nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb t\u00eb luftuar n\u00eb Greqi.<\/p>\n

      Ishte i pari q\u00eb d\u00ebshmoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shkencore pranin\u00eb e elementit shqiptar n\u00eb Greqi<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb dy v\u00ebllime \u201cGeschichte der Halbinsel Morea wahrend des Mittelalters\u201d (Historia e Gadishullit t\u00eb Mores\u00eb gjat\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs, <\/em>Munih 1830-1836)<\/em> si dhe \u201cDas albanesische Element in Griechenland\u201d (Elementi shqiptar n\u00eb Greqi, <\/em>Munih 1857-1861) <\/em>p\u00ebrshkruan situat\u00ebn e studimeve rreth historis\u00eb dhe prejardhjes s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, duke na dh\u00ebn\u00eb tablon\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn duket qart\u00eb dominimi i pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb mbi at\u00eb t\u00eb aloktonis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, nj\u00eb dominim n\u00eb nivel shkencor t\u00eb argumentimit. N\u00eb to trajton edhe historin\u00eb e m\u00ebrgimit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb trevat greke. Historin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb trevat nga u nis\u00ebn, n\u00eb kuadrin e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine dhe n\u00eb ndeshjen e tyre me osman\u00ebt<\/em>, e quan nj\u00eb \u201ctragjedi historike\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Falmerajeri<\/em><\/strong> zbulon vitalitetin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb popullit shqiptar, q\u00ebndres\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme ndaj asimilimit kulturor dhe etnik dhe e konsideron popullin shqiptar si nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb gjall\u00eb t\u00eb faktit q\u00eb nj\u00eb popull luftarak \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbijetoj\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrball\u00eb rrebesheve m\u00eb t\u00eb egra t\u00eb historis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb nj\u00eb popull<\/em><\/strong> \u201dfantastikisht liridash\u00ebs\u201d<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 thot\u00eb ky dijetar i madh.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Kur m\u00eb 1835 Uilliam Martin Lik<\/strong> nisi t\u00eb botonte n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cUdh\u00ebtime n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e veriut\u201d,<\/em> n\u00eb Frankfurt-mbi-Majn, doli nga shtypi libri i gjuh\u00ebtarit dhe albanologut bavarez Jozef Riter fon <\/strong>KSILANDER <\/strong>(Josef Ritter Xylander,1794-1854) \u201cDie Sprache der Albanesen oder Schkip\u00ebtaren\u201d (Gjuha e shqiptar\u00ebve, <\/em>1835)<\/em>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb 3500 fjal\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes solli argumente themelore n\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb lasht\u00eb indoevropiane t\u00eb saj<\/em><\/strong>, duke hedhur posht\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen p\u00ebr prejardhjen tatare<\/em> ose kaukaziane<\/em> t\u00eb saj dhe duke u shprehur se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb bij\u00eb e ilirishtes dhe shqiptar\u00ebt \u2013 pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve.<\/em><\/strong> Ai argumentoi se shqipja nuk ka lindur nga ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje mekanike e gjuh\u00ebve romane.<\/p>\n

      Ksilanderi<\/strong> studimin e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe arriti q\u00eb ta v\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasimtare bashk\u00ebkohore<\/em>. Me Ksilanderin<\/strong> p\u00ebrfundon etapa e par\u00eb e studimeve gjermane mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

      Etnografi, natyralisti dhe udh\u00ebtari francez Ami<\/strong> BUE <\/strong>(Ami Bou\u00e9, 1794-1881), gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimeve n\u00ebp\u00ebr Ballkan, vizitoi edhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Veprat e tij me interes p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb jan\u00eb \u201cLa Turquie d\u2019Europe\u201d<\/em> (Turqia evropiane, <\/em>Paris 1840)<\/em>, n\u00eb kat\u00ebr v\u00ebllime; dhe \u201cRecueil d\u2019itin\u00e9raires dans la Turquie d\u2019Europe\u201d (P\u00ebrmbledhje udh\u00ebtimesh n\u00eb Turqin\u00eb evropiane, <\/em>Vjen\u00eb 1854)<\/em> n\u00eb dy v\u00ebllime. Megjith\u00ebse ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb disa t\u00eb vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb diskutueshme, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tij kan\u00eb vler\u00eb historike njoh\u00ebse. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn gjeologjike \u201cEsquisse g\u00e9ologique de la Turquie d\u2019Europe\u201d (P\u00ebrshkrim gjeologjik i Turqis\u00eb evropiane, <\/em>Paris 1840), <\/em>nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera ka folur p\u00ebr vendburimin e ser\u00ebs s\u00eb Selenic\u00ebs, p\u00ebr uj\u00ebrat termale t\u00eb Dibr\u00ebs e t\u00eb Fush\u00eb-Kruj\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr gjipsin e Vlor\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

      Nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb albanologjis\u00eb, babai i albanologjis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> Johan Georg fon <\/strong>HAN <\/strong>(Johann Gerge von Hahn, 1811-1869) ka qen\u00eb albanolog austriak me prejardhje gjermane, i lindur n\u00eb Jen\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe Greqi, njohu shqiptar\u00eb dhe arb\u00ebresh\u00eb. Em\u00ebrimi i tij si konsull i Austris\u00eb n\u00eb Janin\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1847, i dha atij mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i kushtoj\u00eb thuajse t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tij aktive si studiues i popullit shqiptar<\/em> nga i cili ishin shk\u00ebputur arb\u00ebresh\u00ebt n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb. Hani \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs monumentale p\u00ebr historin\u00eb dhe bot\u00ebn shqiptare n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi \u201cAlbanesische Studien\u201d<\/em>(Studime shqiptare,<\/em> Jena, 1954).<\/em> P\u00ebrpos vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb autor edhe i veprave \u201cReise von Belgrad nach Saloniki\u201d (Udh\u00ebtim nga Beogradi n\u00eb Selanik, <\/em>1858)<\/em> dhe \u201cReise durch die Gebiete des Drin und Vardar\u201d<\/em> (Udh\u00ebtim n\u00ebp\u00ebr viset e Drinit dhe t\u00eb Vardarit<\/em>, 1867-1869)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      V\u00ebllimet II e III t\u00eb \u201cStudimeve shqiptare\u201d<\/em> u kushtohen \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs<\/em>. E shtroi shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjer\u00eb se paraardh\u00ebsit \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e prejardhjes s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb shqipes. Shfryt\u00ebzoi burimet antike q\u00eb flisnin p\u00ebr karakterin jogrek t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve, t\u00eb epirot\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb maqedonasve. Duke ndjekur rrug\u00ebn e H. Tunmanit<\/strong> shfryt\u00ebzoi edhe toponomastik\u00ebn<\/em> dhe shpjegoi p\u00ebrmes shqipes shum\u00eb toponime ilire<\/em>. Hani arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb vijuese e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e nj\u00ebrit prej dialekteve t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb ilirishtes dhe u b\u00eb nj\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebs i vendosur i tez\u00ebs s\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb viset e tyre t\u00eb sotme<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Sipas Hanit, ilirishtja \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb pellazge <\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb kuptimin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Sipas tij, ilir\u00ebt ishin nj\u00eb nga deg\u00ebt themelore t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb paleoballkanike<\/em><\/strong>, q\u00eb q\u00ebndronte m\u00eb vete p\u00ebrball\u00eb grek\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Mendimi i tij ishte n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti me tez\u00ebn e p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb shek.. XIX se \u201cshqipja lidhej me greqishten si gjuh\u00eb motra, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb prejardhje s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve dhe grek\u00ebve prej pellazg\u00ebve\u201d. Mendimi Hanit u sh\u00ebrbeu rilind\u00ebsve shqiptar\u00eb<\/em> <\/strong>t\u00eb cil\u00ebt k\u00ebrkonin q\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt t\u00eb njihen si nj\u00eb popull m\u00eb vete, me rrug\u00eb historike t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cStudime shqiptare\u201d<\/em> Hani thot\u00eb: \u201cMeq\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb sllav\u00eb dhe nuk lidhen ngusht\u00eb me ndonj\u00eb nga popujt e tjer\u00eb q\u00eb njohim, meq\u00eb burimet fare t\u00eb pakta q\u00eb kemi nuk flasin p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb shtegtim tjet\u00ebr (ve\u00e7 atij sllav), i cili t\u00eb ishte aq i madh sa t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb popull t\u00eb madh, duhet pranuar se shqiptar\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm jan\u00eb banor\u00ebt e hersh\u00ebm parasllav\u00eb t\u00eb atij vendi.\u201d<\/em> M\u00eb 1868 Hani boton n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cUdh\u00ebtim nga Beogradi n\u00eb Selanik\u201d<\/em>. Ai riformulon pik\u00ebpamjen e tij p\u00ebr autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      \u201cNe mund t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb padiskutueshme se shqiptar\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb epirot\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (vepra e cituar, f. 228). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr ai p\u00ebrshkruan vise t\u00eb banuara nga shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, Maqedoni e Serbi, njeh prejardhjen dardane t\u00eb kosovar\u00ebve, njeh autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb trevat e banuara prej tyre n\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb shekullin e kaluar<\/em><\/strong>. Argumentimi i autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve nga Hani ngjalli nj\u00eb reagim t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm nga ana e kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve t\u00eb autoktonis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb \u201cUdh\u00ebtim nga Beogradi n\u00eb Selanik\u201d <\/em>p\u00ebrshkruan trevat lindore t\u00eb banuara prej shqiptar\u00ebve, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur ende nuk kishte filluar shp\u00ebrngulja e tyre n\u00ebn trysnin\u00eb e shtetit serb. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tret\u00eb \u201cUdh\u00ebtime n\u00ebp\u00ebr viset e Drinit dhe t\u00eb Vardarit\u201d<\/em> jep material t\u00eb pasur dhe me vler\u00eb p\u00ebr kushtet e jetes\u00ebs t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb mal\u00ebsive, p\u00ebr institucionet juridike-shoq\u00ebrore dhe p\u00ebr kultur\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1864 botoi n\u00eb gjermanisht dy v\u00ebllime me p\u00ebrralla greke dhe shqiptare \u201cGriechische und Albanesische M\u00e4rchen\u201d. <\/em>Pason vepra \u201cSagwissenschaftliche Studien\u201d (Studime p\u00ebr goj\u00ebdh\u00ebnat, <\/em>Jen\u00eb 1872, 1876, n\u00eb dy v\u00ebllime)<\/em>. U mor edhe me mitet dhe besimet popullore, me poezit\u00eb popullore, me goj\u00ebdh\u00ebnat dhe me p\u00ebrrallat shqiptare. N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e etnologjis\u00eb<\/em> dha i pari nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb \u201cLigjit t\u00eb Maleve\u201d<\/em>, Kanunit t\u00eb Mal\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe. V\u00ebrejti \u201cKanunin e Dukagjinit\u201d<\/em> p\u00ebr viset veriore dhe \u201cKanunin e Sk\u00ebnderbeut\u201d<\/em> p\u00ebr Matin e Dibr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

      Profesori slloven i Universitetit t\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, akademik n\u00eb Austri, Franc<\/strong> MIKLOSI\u00c7<\/strong> (Franz Miklosich, 1813-1891) ka qen\u00eb sllavist, ballkanolog dhe albanolog, Ka botuar edhe studime p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe si \u201cAlbanische Forschungen\u201d (Hulumtime shqiptare)<\/em> I, II. P\u00ebr shqipen ka shkruar edhe studime t\u00eb tjera sidomos n\u00eb \u201cDie slavischen Elemente im Rum\u00e4nischen\u201d (Elementet sllave n\u00eb rumanishte)<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cVergleichende Grammatik der slavischen Sprachen\u201d (Gramatika krahasuese e gjuh\u00ebve sllave)<\/em> n\u00eb kat\u00ebr v\u00ebllime (1852-1875); mbahet si themelues i sllavistik\u00ebs moderne apo i filologjis\u00eb sllave. Ka p\u00ebrkrahur tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes ilire t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitin 1877 n\u00eb Gjermani del studimi i par\u00eb antropologjik<\/em><\/strong> p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt dhe me t\u00eb bashk\u00eb, fillon antropologjia e shqiptar\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>. Udh\u00ebhap\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb deg\u00eb t\u00eb albanologjis\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb figur\u00eb e shquar e shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb shekullit XIX, patologu<\/em><\/strong> dhe antropologu<\/em><\/strong> Rudolf <\/strong>VIRHOV<\/strong> (Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchov,1821-1902) i njohur si themeluesi i patologjis\u00eb qelizore<\/em>. Ai botoi n\u00eb Berlin punimin \u201cMbi kraniologjin\u00eb e ilir\u00ebve\u201d<\/em>. Shqiptar\u00ebt, kafkat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve i pat studiuar, Virhovi i identifikon me ilir\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb XIX HELBIG<\/strong>-u zbuloi se emrat e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb hasen n\u00eb mbishkrimet mesape<\/em> n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste jan\u00eb thuajse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me antroponimet ilire t\u00eb bregdetit lindor t\u00eb Adriatikut<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Mesap\u00ebt ishin nj\u00eb fis joitalik q\u00eb n\u00eb Italin\u00eb Jugore, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb Gadishullit t\u00eb\u00a0 Apenineve, kishin emigruar nga Epiri dhe Iliria. Ata ishin nj\u00eb deg\u00ebzim i trungut t\u00eb popullit ilir<\/em>. P\u00ebr t\u2019i deshifruar mbishkrimet mesape, dijetar\u00ebt vendos\u00ebn ta shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb shqipen<\/em>.
      \nStudiuesi gjerman S. <\/strong>BUGE<\/strong> n\u00eb vitet \u201890 t\u00eb shekullit XIX botoi punimin \u201cMesapishtja dhe shqipja\u201c <\/em>ku ai, n\u00eb evolucionin fonetik dhe n\u00eb leksik, midis gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesap\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb dhe shqipes s\u00eb sotme zbulon nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrputhjesh.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitin 1861, arkeologu dhe natyralist francez Leon<\/strong> H\u00cbZEJ<\/strong> (L\u00e9on Heuzey, 1831-1922) vizitoi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar terrenin ilir dhe maqedonas t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar nga prij\u00ebsi ushtarak romak, shkrimtar dhe burr\u00eb shteti Kaj Jul<\/strong> Cezar <\/strong>(Caius Julius Caesar, 100-44 para K.) n\u00eb luft\u00ebn me gjeneralin romak dhe burrin e shtetit, Pompeun <\/strong>(Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 106-48 para K.). <\/strong>U kushtoi v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb qyteteve dhe monumenteve arkeologjike. Zbuloi i pari g\u00ebrmadhat e Orikut dhe planimetrin\u00eb e par\u00eb t\u00eb mureve rrethuese t\u00eb Apolonis\u00eb. Kopjoi t\u00eb gjitha mbishkrimet greke, latine e bizantine q\u00eb ndeshi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb udh\u00ebtim dhe paraqiti n\u00eb vizatime nj\u00eb tog pjes\u00ebsh arkitektonike dhe skulpturash nga Apolonia dhe Durr\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

      Monumentet m\u00eb me vler\u00eb historike e artistike, nd\u00ebr to edhe mbishkrimin e fshatit Arapaj q\u00eb b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsin e Dyrrahut (shekulli II) i nisi p\u00ebr n\u00eb muzeun e Luvrit <\/strong>(Louvre). <\/strong>Bashk\u00eb me arkitektin Honore Dome<\/strong> (Pierre J\u00e9r\u00f4me Honor\u00e9 Daumet, 1826-1911) botoi dy v\u00ebllime me titullin \u201cMission Archeologique de MacedoineI (Mision arkeologjik n\u00eb Maqedoni, <\/em>Paris 1867)<\/em>. Vepra tjet\u00ebr \u201cLes Operations militaires de Julius Cesar\u201d (Veprimet ushtarake t\u00eb Jul Cezarit, <\/em>Paris 1886)<\/em> n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe zhvilluar n\u00eb truallin ilir, ka edhe interes gjeografik e folklorik p\u00ebr gjendjen e trevave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse n\u00eb shekullin XIX.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Nga mesi i shekullit XIX n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb gjermane dhe at\u00eb bot\u00ebrore po ngrihej figura e nj\u00ebrit prej historian\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb koh\u00ebve moderne, Teodor <\/strong>MOMSEN<\/strong>-it (Theodor Mommsen, 1817-1903). Ky laureat i \u00e7mimit \u201cNopbel\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs voluminoze \u201c<\/em>R\u00f6misch<\/em> Geschichte\u201d (Historia e Rom\u00ebs, <\/em>Lajpcig 1854-1856)<\/em>. N\u00eb punimin e vitit 1850 \u201cDialektet e Italis\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut<\/em>\u201d ai arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin mbi lidhjet e mesapishtes me ilirishten dhe me shqipen<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn madhore t\u00eb tij \u201cHistoria e Rom\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>, epirot\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb t\u00eb prir\u00eb nga Pirua ai i mbiquan \u201cshqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Jemi tani n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur gramatikan\u00ebt e rinj<\/em> (Junggrammatiker) kishin formuluar ligjet e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb evolucionit fonetik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr shqipen ky moment arrin kulmin me botimin n\u00eb vitin 1891 t\u00eb \u201cFjalorit etimologjik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201c <\/em>nga albanologu austriak me prejardhje gjermane, nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e albanologjis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, grecist dhe turkolog, Gustav<\/strong> MAJER<\/strong> (Gustav Mejer, 1850-1900). Ka qen\u00eb profesor i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasuese indoevropiane n\u00eb Universitetin e Gracit. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, ka botuar vepr\u00ebn monumentale \u201cEtymologisches Wortebuch der albanesischen Sprache\u201d (Fjalor etimologjik i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, <\/em>Strasburg 1891) <\/em>dhe gjasht\u00eb v\u00ebllime t\u00eb seris\u00eb \u201cAlbanesische Studien\u201d, I \u2013 VI, (Studime shqiptare, <\/em>Vjen\u00eb 1883-1897)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb v\u00ebllimin III trajton tem\u00ebn Fonetika e pjes\u00ebs indoevropiane t\u00eb shqipes<\/em>, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e para fonetik\u00eb historike gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. N\u00eb v\u00ebllimin V flet p\u00ebr t\u00eb folmet shqipe n\u00eb Greqi. Ka\u00a0 botuar edhe \u201cKurzgefasste albanesische Grammatik\u201d (Gramatik\u00eb e p\u00ebrmbledhur e shqipes, <\/em>Lajpcig 1888), <\/em>Vuri n\u00eb dukje edhe pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb numri jo t\u00eb vog\u00ebl fjal\u00ebsh shqipe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke. Fal\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, faktet eshqipes zun\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb vend n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb krahasuese indoevropiane. Majeri p\u00ebrcaktoi shkenc\u00ebrisht se gjuha shqipe vjen nga ilirishtja dhe se ajo z\u00eb nj\u00eb vend m\u00eb vete n\u00eb rrethin e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Historiani \u00e7ek, profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Prag\u00ebs, e m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, Konstantin <\/strong>JIRE\u00c7EK<\/strong> (1854-1918) \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i nj\u00eb vargu studimesh p\u00ebr vendet e Ballkanit, nd\u00ebrmjet tyre disa edhe p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. Bashk\u00eb me L. Talo\u00e7in dhe M. Shuflajin botoi \u201cActa et diplomata res Albaniae mediae aetatis illustrantia\u201d<\/em> (Akte dhe diploma q\u00eb ilustrojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb Mesjetare) <\/em>v\u00ebll. I-II, Vjen\u00eb 1913-1916.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari, ballkanologu dhe albanologu gjerman Gustav<\/strong> VAJGAND <\/strong>(Gustav Weigand, 1860-1930) \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur sidomos si studiues i gjuh\u00ebs rumune. Hartoi atlasin<\/em> e par\u00eb dialektor t\u00eb rumanishtes*<\/sup>. U mor edhe me studimin e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore, sidomos me gjuh\u00ebn shqipe dhe me bullgarishten. Dukurit\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre tri gjuh\u00ebve i lidhi me nj\u00eb substrat t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt trak. <\/em><\/strong>Ishte p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi kryesor i tez\u00ebs se gjuha shqipe buron nga trakishtja<\/em>. K\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb e shtroi n\u00eb artikullin: \u201cA jan\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve apo t\u00eb trakasve\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb vitin 1927.<\/p>\n

      Po at\u00eb vit, gjuh\u00ebtari Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani<\/strong> (1880-1961) artikullin e p\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb shqip dhe e botoi n\u00eb revist\u00ebn \u201cDituria\u201d<\/em>. G. Vajgandi ka botuar nj\u00eb gramatik\u00eb t\u00eb geg\u00ebrishtes jugore me titull \u201cAlbanesische Grammatik im s\u00fcdgegischen Dialekt\u201d<\/em> (Gramatike e shqipes s\u00eb geg\u00ebrishtes jugore, <\/em>Lajpcig 1913)<\/em>. Kjo gramatik\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb materialet e t\u00eb folmeve t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit dhe t\u00eb Elbasanit. P\u00ebrpos shpjegimeve gramatikore, libri p\u00ebrmban edhe ushtrime, copa leximi dhe p\u00ebrralla. Ka botuar edhe nj\u00eb fjalor shqip-gjermanisht dhe gjermanisht-shqip: \u201cAlbanesisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Albanesisches W\u00f6rterbuch\u201d<\/em>, Lajpcig 1914.<\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Atlasi dialektologjik i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb vep\u00ebr sintetike themelore e dialektologjis\u00eb shqiptare q\u00eb paraqet tiparet gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb dialekteve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe me metod\u00ebn e gjeografis\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore dhe gjendjen e studimit t\u00eb tyre. Vepra p\u00ebrfundoi s\u00eb hartuari n\u00eb vitin 1990 nga nj\u00eb grup dialektolog\u00ebsh t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Let\u00ebrsis\u00eb t\u00eb ASHSH, si: gjuh\u00ebtari e dialektologu Jorgji Gjinari <\/strong>(1931-2020) \u2013 drejtues shkencor; gjuh\u00ebtari Bahri Beci <\/strong>(1936); studiuesi i gjuh\u00ebs dhe let\u00ebrsis\u00eb shqipe Gjovalin Shkurtaj <\/strong>(1943), studiuesi e dialektologu Xheladin Gosturani <\/strong>(1942-2000). Bashk\u00ebpunuan: gjuh\u00ebtari Menella Totoni <\/strong>(1935) dhe gjuh\u00ebtari Anastas Dodi <\/strong>(Vlor\u00eb, 1933 \u2013 Filadelfia, 2008). A. Dodi \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cFonetika dhe fonologjia e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d<\/em>, Tiran\u00eb 2004, botuar nga ASH. V\u00ebllimi i par\u00eb i \u201cAtlasit dialektologjik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d<\/em> u botua n\u00eb vitin 2007 nga departamenti i studimeve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore n\u00eb Universitetin e Napolit (Universit\u00e4 degli Studi di Napoli L\u2019Orientale).<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Me shqipen \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb filologu, neogramatikani dhe romanisti me prejardhje zvicerane Vilhelm<\/strong> MAJER-LYBKE<\/strong> (Vilhelm Meyer-L\u00fcbke, 1861-1936). \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i studimit t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u201cRum\u00e4nisch, romanisch, abanesisch\u201d. <\/em>E ka ripunuar studimin e albanologut austriak Gustav Majerit <\/strong>(Mejer) \u201cDie lateinischen Elemente im Albanesischen\u201d (Elementet latine n\u00eb shqip)<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i vepr\u00ebs madhore \u201cGrammatik der Romanischen Sprachen\u201d (Gramatik\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebve romane) <\/em>etj.<\/p>\n

      Nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e arkeologjis\u00eb ilire \u00ebsht\u00eb arkeologu dhe historiani austriak Karl<\/strong> PA\u00c7<\/strong> (Carl Patsch, 1865-1945). Prej viti 1921 ishte profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs dhe drejtor i Institutit Ballkanik po aty. Rrezen e interesave t\u00eb tij shkencore e zgjeroi edhe mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. Arritjet e hulumtimeve t\u00eb veta i p\u00ebrfshiu n\u00eb librin \u201cDas Sandschak Berat in Albanien\u201d<\/em> (Sanxhaku i Beratit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, <\/em>Vjen\u00eb 1904)<\/em>. N\u00eb vitet 1922-1924 punoi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe ndihmoi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr ngritjen e nj\u00eb muzeu komb\u00ebtar. Botoi n\u00eb shqip dy libra: \u201cIlir\u00ebt\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201cGjendja ekonomike e kulturore e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e kalueme\u201d<\/em>, Tiran\u00eb 1923, 1925. Mendimi i tij, i shprehur n\u00eb disa punime, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb n\u00ebnshtres\u00eb trake<\/em> n\u00eb trev\u00ebn e<\/em> ardian\u00ebve<\/em> e t\u00eb<\/em> dardan\u00ebve ilir\u00eb<\/em> dhe p\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen etnike helene t\u00eb qyteteve ilire Klos e Bylis, \u00ebsht\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar nga studimet e m\u00ebvonshme<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr ilirishten<\/em> dhe shqipen<\/em> ka shkruar edhe gjuh\u00ebtari austriak me prejardhje gjermane, indoevropianisti dhe grecisti i njohur Paul<\/strong> KRE\u00c7MER<\/strong> (Paul Kretschmer, 1866-1956). Ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb prej profesor\u00ebve t\u00eb Eqrem \u00c7abejit <\/strong>n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

      Ndihmes\u00eb t\u00eb vyer p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e popullit shqiptar ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb historiani rumun me prejardhje shqiptare N<\/strong>ikolla <\/strong>JORGA<\/strong> (Nicolae Iorga, 1871-1940). N\u00eb vitet 1915-1916 botoi n\u00eb Bukuresht, n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb huaja disa v\u00ebllime me titull \u201cSh\u00ebnime dhe ekstrakte n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb kryq\u00ebzatave t\u00eb shekullit XV\u201d<\/em>. Aty jep nj\u00eb material t\u00eb pasur dokumentar p\u00ebr luft\u00ebrat kund\u00ebrosmane t\u00eb popullit shqiptar gjat\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Gjergj Kastriotit. N\u00eb vitin 1915, n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Laurentiane t\u00eb Firences zbuloi dokumentin e par\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe \u201cFormula e pag\u00ebzimit\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb vitit 1462, shkruar nga kryepeshkopi i Durr\u00ebsit, bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor dhe k\u00ebshilltari i Gjergj Kastriotit, Pal Engj\u00eblli <\/strong>(rreth 1417-1470).<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitin 1915 N. Jorga e botoi Formul\u00ebn e pag\u00ebzimit. N\u00eb vitin 1919 botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cBr\u00e8ve histoire de l\u2019Albanie et du peuple albanaise\u201d)<\/em>, (Histori e shkurt\u00ebr e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe e popullit shqiptar\u201d,<\/em> Bukuresht 1919)<\/em>. M\u00eb pas botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cHistori e shteteve t\u00eb Ballkanit deri m\u00eb 1924\u201d<\/em>, Paris 1925)<\/em> ku \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm. Jorga u vra nga forcat fashiste rumune Garda e Hekurt.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX pasuan studime t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt, si ato t\u00eb studiuesit italian Fran\u00e7esko <\/strong>RIBEKO<\/strong> (Francesco Ribezzo, 1875-1952).<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari dhe albanologu i shquar austriak me prejardhje \u00e7ifute N<\/strong>orbert <\/strong>JOKL<\/strong> (Norbert Jokl, 1877-1942) lindi n\u00eb Bzenec t\u00eb Moravis\u00eb. M\u00eb 1907 filloi ta m\u00ebsonte shqipen si autodidakt. Si kryebibliotekist n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs dha nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht m\u00ebsim si pedagog i jasht\u00ebm p\u00ebr shqipen, p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt baltike etj. U zhduk nga nazist\u00ebt m\u00eb 1942. M\u00eb 1972, me rastin e 30-vjetorit t\u00eb vdekjes s\u00eb tij, n\u00eb Insbruk t\u00eb Austris\u00eb u organizua nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb t\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb edhe gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb. T\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebn e vet ia kushtoi studimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

      Punoi n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e etimologjis\u00eb<\/em> dhe t\u00eb fjal\u00ebformimit historik<\/em>, t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb shqipes me gjuh\u00ebt e tjera<\/em>, p\u00ebr fonetik\u00ebn dhe morfologjin\u00eb historike t\u00eb saj<\/em>. Si v\u00ebllime m\u00eb vete arriti t\u00eb botonte vet\u00ebm \u201cStudien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung\u201d<\/em>, Vjen\u00eb 1911 (Studime p\u00ebr etimologjin\u00eb dhe fjal\u00ebformimin e shqipes)<\/em> dhe \u201cLinguistisch-kulturhistorische Untersuchungen aus dem Bereiche des Albanischen\u201d<\/em>, Berlin-Lajpcig, 1923 (Gjurm\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore e historike-kulturore nga l\u00ebmi i shqipes)<\/em>. P\u00ebr shqipen ka edhe studime t\u00eb tjera. I \u00e7oi p\u00ebrpara gjurmimet etimologjike <\/em>shqiptare, hodhi drit\u00eb mbi prejardhjen e shum\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb shqipes, duke provuar burimin vend\u00ebs<\/em> t\u00eb mjaft elementeve t\u00eb mbajtura si huazime<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Mbajti rubrik\u00ebn e bibliografis\u00eb p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe<\/em> n\u00eb organin vjetor nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar \u201cIndogermanisches Jahrbuch\u201d <\/em>(1916-1940), ku paraqiti sistematikisht t\u00eb gjitha botimet albanologjike t\u00eb atyre viteve.<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1937, me rastin e 25-vjetorit t\u00eb shpalljes s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, vizitoi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. Hulumtoi problemin e burimit t\u00eb shqipes. I shqyrtoi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e shqipes me gjuh\u00ebt e lashta jogreke t\u00eb Ballkanit, me ilirishten dhe trakishten. Shtjelloi tez\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb shqipes, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb sintez\u00eb t\u00eb tezave ilire dhe trake<\/em>. Mbrojti autoktonin\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve, po duke e vendosur djepin e par\u00eb t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Dardanin\u00eb e lasht\u00eb, Kosova e sotme<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari dhe albanologu austriak Maksimilian<\/strong> LAMBERC<\/strong> (Maximilian Lambertz, 1882-1963) studioi dialektet arb\u00ebreshe,\u00a0 ndarjen dialektore t\u00eb shqipes, folklorin. Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs I Bot\u00ebrore b\u00ebri nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim studimi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, mblodhi l\u00ebnd\u00eb folklorike e dialektore dhe mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e Komisis\u00eb Letrare Shqipe*. <\/sup>Ka botuar disa vepra p\u00ebr folklorin. Studime themelore t\u00eb tij jan\u00eb \u201cDie Volkspoesie der albaner\u201d (Poezia popullore shqiptare,<\/em> Sarajev\u00eb 1917)<\/em>, \u201cAlbanische M\u00e4rchen und andere Texte zur albanischen Volkskunde\u201d (P\u00ebrralla shqiptare dhe tekste t\u00eb tjera nga folklori shqiptar, <\/em>Vjen\u00eb 1922)<\/em>, \u201cShqip\u00ebria rr\u00ebfen\u201d, <\/em>(1956), studimin p\u00ebr ciklin shqiptar t\u00eb kreshnik\u00ebve \u201cEpika popullore shqiptare\u201d, <\/em>(1958). Pas vdekjes u botua punimi \u201cMitologjia shqiptare\u201d<\/em> (1969).<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1914, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e sintaks\u00ebs, botoi nj\u00eb monografi p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn hipotetike t\u00eb shqipes. Pas Luft\u00ebs II Bot\u00ebrore u vendos n\u00eb RD Gjermane. Botoi \u201cFjalor shqip-gjermanisht\u201d <\/em>(1954), \u201cAntologji shqipe\u201d <\/em>(1955), \u201cGramatik\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1959). Shkroi artikuj dhe recensione p\u00ebr botime gjuh\u00ebsore dhe letrare shqipe. P\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb gjermanisht dhe botoi poem\u00ebn \u201cLahuta e malc\u00eds\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb Gjergj Fisht\u00ebs<\/strong> (1871-1940), si dhe dram\u00ebn \u201cToka jon\u00eb\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb Kol\u00eb Jakov\u00ebs<\/strong>, 1916-2002).<\/p>\n

      \u00a0 <\/em>Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Komisia Letrare Shqipe <\/strong>(1916-1918) \u00ebsht\u00eb komision gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh e shkrimtar\u00ebsh q\u00eb u ngrit n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr m\u00eb 1916 pran\u00eb Drejtoris\u00eb s\u00eb Arsimit me nism\u00ebn e nj\u00eb grupi intelektual\u00ebsh shqiptar\u00eb dhe me mb\u00ebshtetjen e konsullit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Austro-Hungaris\u00eb e t\u00eb Komand\u00ebs ushtarake austriake n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme t\u00eb arsimit dhe gjuh\u00ebs letrare pas Kongresit t\u00eb Manastirit (1908). N\u00eb t\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb Luigj Gurakuqi, Gjergj Fishta, Hil Mosi, Sotir Peci, Mati Logoreci, Gjergj Pekmezi, Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani, Ndre Mjeda, Ambroz Marlaskaj, Ndue Paluca, Hafiz Ali Kor\u00e7a, Vin\u00e7enc Prennushi, Luigj Nara\u00e7i, Josif Haxhimima<\/strong> t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e vun\u00eb pun\u00ebn e KLSh n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes komb\u00ebtare. Kryetar u caktua Gjergj Pekmezi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Studiuesi i historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe Henrik<\/strong> BARIQ<\/strong> (Henrik Bari\u0107, Dubrovnik, 1888 \u2013 Beograd, 1957) ka qen\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar kroat, ballkanolog dhe albanolog. N\u00eb vitin 1906 i filloi studimet n\u00eb Grac dhe n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb. Studioi gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme, gramatik\u00ebn krahasuese, romanistik\u00ebn dhe sllavistik\u00ebn. Disertacionin e doktorat\u00ebs e mbrojti n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb. M\u00eb 1920, docent, m\u00eb 1923 profesor inordinar, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb 1930, profesor ordinar n\u00eb Universitetin e Beogradit. Pas Luft\u00ebs II Bot\u00ebrore, profesor ordinar edhe n\u00eb Universitetin e Sarajev\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitet 1923-1926 botoi revist\u00ebn \u201cArhiv za arbana<\/em>sku starinu, jezik i etnologiju\u201c (Arkivi i lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb, i gjuh\u00ebs dhe i etnologjis\u00eb shqiptare)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i veprave: \u201e\u00c4lbanorum\u00e4nische Studien I\u201c (Studime rumune-shqiptare, <\/em>Sarajev\u00eb 1919), \u201eIlirske jezi\u010dne studije I\u201c (Studime gjuh\u00ebsore ilire I, <\/em>Zagreb 1948), \u201ePoreklo Arbanasa u svetlu jezika\u201c (Prejardhja e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs, <\/em>Sarajev\u00eb 1954), \u201eHymje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201c <\/em>(Prishtin\u00eb 1955), botuar n\u00eb Sarajev\u00eb m\u00eb 1959 edhe serbisht-kroatisht. Ka botuar edhe nj\u00eb varg artikujsh. Nd\u00ebrmori nj\u00eb fjalor serokroatisht-shqip nga i cili u botua vet\u00ebm pjesa e par\u00eb \u201eRe\u010dnik srpskoga ili hrvatskoga i arbana\u0161koga jezika\u201c, <\/em>Zagreb 1950. N\u00eb shqyrtimet etimologjike t\u00eb tij, H. Bariqi e shtoi fondin e njohur indoevropian t\u00eb shqipes dhe trajtoi disa dukuri t\u00eb fonetik\u00ebs historike t\u00eb saj. Trajtoi p\u00ebrkimet gjuh\u00ebsore nd\u00ebrmjet shqipes dhe rumanishtes dhe mb\u00ebshteti tez\u00ebn trake t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitet \u201830 t\u00eb shekullit XX pasuan studimet e gjuh\u00ebtarit gjerman Albreht fon <\/strong>BLUMENTAL<\/strong> (Albrecht von Blumenthal, 1889-1945), kurse n\u00eb vitet \u201860 t\u00eb atij shekulli \u2013 studimet e O. <\/strong>HAS<\/strong>-it.<\/p>\n

      Historiani kroat Millan<\/strong> SHUFLAJ<\/strong> (Milan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0160ufflay, 1897-1931) \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues i historis\u00eb mesjetare shqiptare. Pas nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtimi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri u vra barbarisht nga policia jugosllave. Bashk\u00eb me historianin hungarez Ludovik Talo\u00e7i <\/strong>(Lajos ose Ludwig Thalloczy, 1854\/56-1916) dhe historianin \u00e7ek Konstantin Jire\u00e7ek <\/strong>(1854-1918) botoi m\u00eb 1913 dhe 1918 v\u00ebll. I e II t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhjes \u201cActa et diplomata res Albaniae mediae aetatis illustrantia\u201d<\/em> (Akte dhe diploma q\u00eb ilustrojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb mesjetare, <\/em>v\u00ebll. I-II, Vjen\u00eb 1913-1916)<\/em>. Me bashkautor\u00ebt e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm botoi p\u00ebrmbledhjen me studime \u201cIllyrisch-Albanische Forschungen\u201d (Studime iliro-shqiptare, <\/em>I-II, Lajpcig 1916)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      M\u00eb 1924 u botua nga Akademia e Shkencave e Vjen\u00ebs vepra \u201cSt\u00e4dte und B\u00fcrgen Albaniens haupts\u00e4chlich w\u00e4hrend des Mittelalters\u201d (Qytetet dhe k\u00ebshtjellat e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb kryesisht gjat\u00eb Mesjet\u00ebs)<\/em>. Pasojn\u00eb punimet \u201cPovijest sjevrnih Arbanasa\u201d (Historia e shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Veriut) <\/em>dhe \u201cSrbi i Arbanasi\u201d (Serb\u00ebt dhe shqiptar\u00ebt)<\/em>. M\u00eb 1920, me pseudonimin Alba Limi, botoi romanin historik me tem\u00eb shqiptare Konstantin Balsha\u201d<\/em>. Historia e shqiptar\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, histori e nj\u00eb entiteti etnokulturor t\u00eb dalluar, me rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb lashta autoktone dhe vazhdim\u00ebsi t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb, me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe rigjenerimi. Ajo p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson thelbin autentik t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Ballkanit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman, indoevropianist Hans <\/strong>KRAHE <\/strong>(1898-1965) u mor me zb\u00ebrthimin e venetishtes <\/em>dhe t\u00eb ilirishtes<\/em>, e n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb me problemin e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb koh\u00ebn parahistorike, kryesisht n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave (hidronimis\u00eb). Studioi emrat ilir\u00eb t\u00eb vendeve dhe t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i veprave \u201cDie alten balkanillyrischen geographischen Namen\u201d (Emrat e vjet\u00ebr gjeografik\u00eb t\u00eb ilirishtes ballkanike, <\/em>Hajdelberg 1925)<\/em>; \u201cLexikon altillyrischer Personennamen \u201c (Fjalor i emrave t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr vetjak\u00eb ilir\u00eb, <\/em>Hajdelberg 1929); \u201cDie Sprache der Illyrier\u201d (Gjuha e ilir\u00ebve, <\/em>Visbaden 1955)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      I ndikuar edhe nga teza e \u201cpanilirizmit\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, e p\u00ebrhapur q\u00eb nga fundi i shek.. XIX, ai besonte se kishte gjetur mbetje t\u00eb ilirishtes n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn, duke arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim se k\u00ebto ishin gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb dikurshme t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve. Ky koncept sot quhet i tejkaluar. Vet\u00eb H. Krahe e pati rishikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb n\u00eb studimin \u201cVom Illyrischen zum Alteurop\u00e4ischen\u201d (Nga ilirishtja n\u00eb evropianishten e vjet\u00ebr)<\/em> t\u00eb vitit 1964. N\u00eb t\u00eb, emrat e diskutuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb vendeve ia atribuon nj\u00eb substrati t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr indoevropian t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari italian Karlo <\/strong>TALJAVINI <\/strong>(Carlo Tagliavini, 1903-1982) ishte romanist, ballkanolog e albanolog. Profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Padov\u00ebs, ku mbajti vite me radh\u00eb ligj\u00ebrata p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn e p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb shqipe. Botoi studime dhe artikuj p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb dialektologjis\u00eb, t\u00eb leksikologjis\u00eb historike, t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb shqiptare. Prej vitit 1941 mbajti p\u00ebr disa vjet rubrik\u00ebn bibliografike p\u00ebr albanologjin\u00eb dhe ballkanistik\u00ebn n\u00eb organin \u201cIndogermanisches Jahrbuch\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cL\u2019albanese di Dalmazia\u201d<\/em> (Shqipja e Dalmacis\u00eb, <\/em>Firence 1937)<\/em> flet p\u00ebr t\u00eb folmen shqipe t\u00eb Borgo Ericos (Arb\u00ebneshit) t\u00eb af\u00ebr Zar\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb punimin \u201cStratificazzione del lessico albanese. Elementi indoeuropei\u201d (Shtres\u00ebzimi i leksikut t\u00eb shqipes. Elementet indoevropiane, <\/em>Bolonj\u00eb 1965)<\/em> ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb p\u00ebr studimet etimologjike n\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes. Hartoi monografin\u00eb dialektologjike \u201cLe parlate albanesi di tipo Ghego orientale (Dardania e Macedonia nordocidentale)\u201d (T\u00eb folmet shqipe t\u00eb tipit t\u00eb geg\u00ebrishtes lindore. Dardania dhe Maqedonia veriper\u00ebndimore, <\/em>Rom\u00eb 1942)<\/em> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn dha edhe disa tipare t\u00eb t\u00eb folmeve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs e t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb. N\u00eb v\u00ebllimin \u201cStratificazzione del lesicco albanese\u201d <\/em>(1943, 1965) u botua nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kursit p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe t\u00eb mbajtur prej tij. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari rumun, ballkanolog dhe albanolog Haralamb<\/strong> MIH\u00cbESKU<\/strong> (Haralambie Mihaescu, 1907-1985) p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe flet n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cLes elements latins de la langue albanaise\u201d (Elementet latine t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, <\/em>1966)<\/em>. Ka sjell\u00eb ndihmesa n\u00eb kritik\u00ebn shkencore me recensionet p\u00ebr vepra rreth gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb veprimtari shkencore albanologjike. Ka sjell\u00eb argumente p\u00ebr prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe dhe autoktonin\u00eb e hershme t\u00eb popullit shqiptar n\u00eb trevat e tij t\u00eb sotme. <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari bullgar, indoevropianist, ballkanolog dhe albanolog Vladimir <\/strong>GEORGIEV<\/strong> (Vladimir Georgiev, 1908-1986) studioi n\u00eb Sofje filologjin\u00eb klasike. N\u00eb vitet 1932-1934 kreu nj\u00eb specializim n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb. U mor me probleme t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve ballkanike, t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb indoevropiane dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve sllave. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb studimeve ballkanologjike trajtoi gjendjen gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb Ballkanit n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, probleme t\u00eb etnogjenez\u00ebs s\u00eb popujve t\u00eb Ballkanit sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave gjuh\u00ebsore, lidhjet nd\u00ebrmjet popujve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij gadishulli \u2013 ilir\u00ebve, trakasve <\/em><\/strong>dhe grek\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em>probleme t\u00eb substratit ballkanik dhe t\u00eb lidhjes gjuh\u00ebsore ballkanike. Mbrojti tez\u00ebn se n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb k\u00ebtij gadishulli banonin trakasit<\/em> n\u00eb jug dhe dakoget\u00ebt <\/em>n\u00eb veri. Gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, p\u00ebr nga burimi, e mendonte t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me dakomizishten<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i disa veprave studimore. Midis tyre edhe vepra \u201cIntroduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages\u201d<\/em> (Hyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane, <\/em>Sofje 1981). <\/em>Tregoi interesim p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt e vdekura, si pellazgjishtja, hetitishtja, etruskishtja<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb vitin 1963 u themelua Shoqata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Studimeve p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn Juglindore (Association Internationale d\u2019\u00c9tudes du Sud-Est Europ\u00e9en – AIESEE). Sekretariati i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm e ka selin\u00eb n\u00eb Bukuresht. V. Georgiev u zgjodh kryetar i par\u00eb i saj.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari dhe albanologu francez Anri<\/strong> BUAS\u00cbN <\/strong>(Henri Boissin, 1910-1975) diplomoi p\u00ebr anglishten, p\u00ebr disa gjuh\u00eb ballkanike, fino-ugrike dhe m\u00eb 1949 edhe p\u00ebr shqipen. Me kursin e tij \u201cHyrje n\u00eb albanologji\u201d<\/em> (1949) mund t\u00eb merret si themelues i m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb shqipes n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Deg\u00ebn e shqipes e drejtoi deri n\u00eb vitin 1968. Me disertacionin \u201cLe dialect gu\u00e9gue parl\u00e9 \u00e0 Arbanasi en Dalmatie\u201d<\/em> (Dialekti geg\u00eb q\u00eb flitet tek arbanasit n\u00eb Dalmaci)<\/em> solli ndihmes\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb studimet dialektore. Vepra kryesore e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cGrammaire de l\u2019albanais moderne\u201d (Gramatik\u00eb e shqipes s\u00eb sotme, <\/em>Paris 1975)<\/em>. P\u00ebr shqipen dhe let\u00ebrsin\u00eb shqipe ka shkruar nj\u00eb varg artikujsh. M\u00eb 1962, mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Par\u00eb t\u00eb Studimeve Albanologjike t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtarja dhe albanologia ruse Agnia Vasilevna<\/strong> DESNICKAJA<\/strong> (1912-1992) studioi p\u00ebr filologji gjermane n\u00eb Leningrad. N\u00eb vitet 1976-1988 drejtoi sektorin e studimeve krahasuese-historike t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb areale. Aty u shfaq interesimi p\u00ebr ballkanistik\u00ebn, e posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe. N\u00eb vitin 1957, n\u00eb Fakultetin e Filologjis\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Leningradit, themeloi deg\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs e t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb shqipe t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e drejtoi deri n\u00eb vitin 1992. N\u00eb vitin 1946 vizitoi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. M\u00eb 1957 p\u00ebrs\u00ebri vjen n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, por tani p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime studimi. Po k\u00ebt\u00eb vit nisi botimi i punimeve t\u00eb saj kushtuar gjuh\u00ebs dhe let\u00ebrsis\u00eb shqipe. Mori pjes\u00eb disa her\u00eb n\u00eb veprimtarit\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb mbajtura n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1974-1986. N\u00eb vitin 1990 mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb kolokuiumin<\/em> e mbajtur n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, kushtuar Naim Frash\u00ebrit.<\/p>\n

      Desnickaja u mor me nj\u00eb varg fushash t\u00eb studimeve shqiptare: me historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs, dialektologjin\u00eb, huazimet leksikore, struktur\u00ebn morfologjike, gjuh\u00ebn letrare dhe gjuh\u00ebn e folklorit, me lidhjet ballkanike t\u00eb shqipes, let\u00ebrsin\u00eb shqipe dhe epik\u00ebn. I p\u00ebrmbahej mendimit p\u00ebr prejardhjen ilire t\u00eb shqipes<\/em><\/strong>. I dha r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi rind\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb shqipes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr dhe integrimit n\u00eb indoevropianistik\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij v\u00ebshtrimi me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb reja rreth shqipes. Ka treguar disa tipare t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb shqipes me gjuh\u00ebt gjermane. \u00cbsht\u00eb autore e vepr\u00ebs \u201cAlbanskyj jazyk i ego dialekty\u201d<\/em> (Gjuha shqipe dhe dialektet e saj, <\/em>Prishtin\u00eb 1972)<\/em> dhe e p\u00ebrmbledhjes \u201cLet\u00ebrsia shqipe dhe gjuha shqipe\u201d<\/em> (1987). Paraqiti nj\u00eb tez\u00eb origjinale p\u00ebr eposin shqiptar<\/em>, duke pohuar se ai u formua n\u00eb etap\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb rendit fisnor, por m\u00eb von\u00eb mori mbishtresa t\u00eb reja. N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cIstoria vsemirnoj literatury\u201d (Historia e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore)<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr me shum\u00eb v\u00ebllime, let\u00ebrsin\u00eb shqipe e p\u00ebrfshiu me tre krer\u00eb, Mosk\u00eb, v\u00ebll. 5, 1988; v\u00ebll. 6, 1989; v\u00ebll. 7, 1991.<\/p>\n

      Gjuh\u00ebtari amerikan Erik Pret <\/strong>HEMP <\/strong>(Eric Pratt Hamp, 1920\/21-2019) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga indoevropianist\u00ebt e sotm m\u00eb n\u00eb z\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb edhe albanolog. An\u00ebtar i jasht\u00ebm i ASHSH dhe i ASHK. \u00cbsht\u00eb marr\u00eb edhe me studimin e shqipes. Ka shkruar nj\u00eb varg artikujsh p\u00ebr etimologjin\u00eb e nj\u00eb numri fjal\u00ebsh t\u00eb shqipes, p\u00ebr fonetik\u00ebn historike, p\u00ebr num\u00ebror\u00ebt e shqipes, p\u00ebr vendin e shqipes n\u00eb familjen e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane, p\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e shqipes me mesapishten, p\u00ebr tiparet ballkanike t\u00eb shqipes, p\u00ebr t\u00eb folmen shqipe t\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb arvanitasve. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i studimeve \u201cOn the Arvanitika dialects of Attica<\/em> and Megarit\u201d (T\u00eb folmet arvanitase t\u00eb Atik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Megarid\u00ebs, <\/em>1961); \u201cThe Albanian dialect of Mandres\u201d (E folmja shqipe e Mandr\u00ebs,<\/em>1965); \u201cIl sistema fonologico della parlata di Vaccarizzo Albanese\u201d (Sistemi fonologjik i s\u00eb folmes s\u00eb Vakaricit, <\/em>Kozenc\u00eb-Rende, 1993)<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb autor i studimeve \u201cThe position of Albanian\u201d (Vendi i shqipes)<\/em> botuar m\u00eb 1966 n\u00eb \u201cAncient Indo-European dialcts\u201d; \u201cAlbanian\u201d (Shqipja)<\/em> botuar m\u00eb 1972 n\u00eb \u201cCurrent Trends in Linguistics\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ebll. 9. \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong>Gjuh\u00ebtari kroat Radoslav<\/strong> KATI\u00c7IQ<\/strong> (Radoslav Kati\u010di\u0107, Zagreb, 1930 \u2013 Vjen\u00eb, 2019) \u00ebsht\u00eb studiues i filologjis\u00eb klasike, indoevropianist, sllavist, ballkanolog dhe indolog. Prej vitit 1977 profesor i filologjis\u00eb sllave n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs. N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e ballkanologjis\u00eb ka shkruar vepr\u00ebn \u201cAncient Balkan Languages\u201d (Gjuh\u00ebt e lashta t\u00eb Ballkanit, <\/em>1976)<\/em>, n\u00eb dy v\u00ebllime. N\u00eb t\u00eb, me argumente historiko-gjuh\u00ebsore dhe onomastike shtjellon tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes ilire t\u00eb shqipes<\/em><\/strong>. Hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn onomastike ilire n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi e ndante n\u00eb tri zona t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: liburne, panone dhe ilire e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb (Illyrii proprie dicti). \u00cbsht\u00eb edhe autor i nj\u00eb libri p\u00ebr mitologjin\u00eb ilire.<\/p>\n

      *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Historia dhe gjuha e ilir\u00ebve u njoh me nj\u00eb konsensus t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar si histori dhe gjuh\u00eb e paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/em><\/strong> K\u00ebrkimet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, duke nisur nga fillimi i shekullit XX, formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb dijes, t\u00eb njohur si ilirologji<\/em><\/strong>. Prejardhja ilire e shqipes dhe e shqiptar\u00ebve si dhe autoktonia e tyre n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha hap\u00ebsirat shqiptare t\u00eb Gadishullit Ballkanik, sot \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha qarqet shkencore t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Prejardhja ilire e shqipes dhe e shqiptar\u00ebve p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nd\u00ebrgjegje komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr kombin shqiptar.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      LET\u00cbRSIA GOJORE SHQIPTARE DHE STUDIUESIT E HUAJ <\/strong>\u2013 P\u00ebrmbledhja m\u00eb e hershme e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqiptare u botua n\u00eb Gjermani nga Johan georg fon Han <\/strong>n\u00eb trev\u00ebllimshin \u201cAlbanesische Studien\u201d (Studime shqiptare, <\/em>Jen\u00eb 1854)<\/em>. Mjeku gjerman Karl Hajnrih Teodor Rajnholt <\/strong>(Karl Heinrich Theodor Reinhold, 1810-1880) sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb flot\u00ebn greke kur u njoh me folklorin shqiptar nga detar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb. N\u00eb librin \u201cNoctes Pelasgicae\u201d (Net pellazge, <\/em>Athin\u00eb 1855)<\/em> botoi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje me k\u00ebng\u00eb popullore, rr\u00ebfenja dhe fjal\u00eb t\u00eb urta shqiptare, bashk\u00eb me nj\u00eb gramatik\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes. Folkloristi italian Xhuzepe Pitre <\/strong>(Guiseppe Pitr\u00e8, 1841-1916) n\u00eb librin \u201cFiabe, novelle e racconti popolari siciliani\u201d (P\u00ebrralla, tregime e rr\u00ebfenja popullore siciliane, <\/em>Palermo 1875, kat\u00ebr v\u00ebllime)<\/em> botoi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje p\u00ebrrallash popullore nga Sicilia.<\/p>\n

      Konsulli francez Ogyst Dozon <\/strong>(Auguste Dozon, 1822-1891) q\u00eb e kishte selin\u00eb n\u00eb Janin\u00eb e Selanik, botoi p\u00ebrralla dhe k\u00ebng\u00eb popullore shqiptare n\u00eb librin \u201cManuel de la langue chkipe au albanaise\u201d (Doracak i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe ose albaneze, <\/em>Paris 1879)<\/em>. Pas dy vjet\u00ebve botoi librin \u201cContes albanais, recueillis et traduits\u201d (Rr\u00ebfenja shqiptare, t\u00eb mbledhura e t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyera, <\/em>Paris 1881)<\/em>. Gjuh\u00ebtari \u00e7ek Jan Urban Jarnik <\/strong>(1848-1923) botoi materiale folklorike shqiptare, nd\u00ebrto nj\u00eb poezi, dy p\u00ebrralla popullore dhe 53 fjal\u00eb t\u00eb urta nga krahina e Shkodr\u00ebs n\u00eb librin \u201cPrispevky ku poznani nareci albanskych\u201d (Ndihmes\u00eb p\u00ebr njohjen e dialekteve t\u00eb shqipes, <\/em>Prag\u00eb 1883)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Albanologu austriak Gustav Majeri <\/strong>(Gustav Meyer, 1850-1900) botoi 14 rr\u00ebfenja shqiptare n\u00eb \u201cAlbanische M\u00e4rchen\u201d (Rr\u00ebfenja shqiptare, <\/em>Lajpcig 1884)<\/em> si dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr rr\u00ebfenjash toske si shtojc\u00eb e gramatik\u00ebs s\u00eb ti shqipes \u201cKurzgefa\u00dfte albanesische Grammatik mit Leset\u00fccken und Glossar\u201d (Gramatik\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr e shqipes me tekste e fjalor, <\/em>Lajpcig 1888)<\/em>. Material folklorik botoi edhe n\u00eb v\u00ebllimet V e VI t\u00eb \u201cAlbanesische Studien\u201d <\/em>t\u00eb tij (Studime shqiptare, <\/em>Vjen\u00eb 1896-1897)<\/em>. Indoevropianisti danez Holger Pedersen <\/strong>(1867-1954), m\u00eb 1893 vizitoi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar gjuh\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur material gjuh\u00ebsor. P\u00ebrmbledhja me 35 p\u00ebrralla popullore shqiptare q\u00eb i regjistroi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb Korfuz, u botua n\u00eb librin \u201cAlbanesische Texte mit Glossar\u201d (Tekste shqipe me fjalor,<\/em> Lajpcig 1895)<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Xhelal Zejneli Historia dhe gjuha e shqiptar\u00ebve, nj\u00eb terra incognita p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn shkencore t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Rilindjes evropiane, u b\u00eb relativisht von\u00eb objekt i nj\u00eb interesimi t\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe hetimi shkencor, p\u00ebr arsye se Shqip\u00ebria ende nuk ishte nj\u00eb shtet i pavarur ose autonom, e rrjedhimisht, historia dhe kultura e saj u pa vet\u00ebm n\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nSHQIPJA DHE SHQIPTAR\u00cbT N\u00cb STUDIMET E STUDIUESVE T\u00cb HUAJ - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/shqipja-dhe-shqiptaret-ne-studimet-e-studiuesve-te-huaj\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SHQIPJA DHE SHQIPTAR\u00cbT N\u00cb STUDIMET E STUDIUESVE T\u00cb HUAJ - 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