{"id":59287,"date":"2020-08-28T23:28:20","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T21:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=59287"},"modified":"2020-08-28T23:43:26","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T21:43:26","slug":"presidenti-trump-dha-nje-falje-presidenciale-per-susan-brownell-anthony-ne-100-vjetorin-e-vuajtjeve-te-grave-per-te-drejte-vote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/presidenti-trump-dha-nje-falje-presidenciale-per-susan-brownell-anthony-ne-100-vjetorin-e-vuajtjeve-te-grave-per-te-drejte-vote\/","title":{"rendered":"Presidenti Trump dha nj\u00eb falje presidenciale p\u00ebr Susan Brownell Anthony n\u00eb 100-vjetorin e vuajtjeve t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vote"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cAjo nuk u fal kurr\u00eb. Pse zgjati kaq shum\u00eb?<\/em> Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr nj\u00eb votim t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb<\/em>.\u201d<\/em> \u2013 President Donald J. Trump<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNe u kemi borxh atyre grave nj\u00eb borxh mir\u00ebnjohjeje, dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb detyre e shenjt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb hedh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb votim. Votimi sot p\u00ebrcakton rrug\u00ebn q\u00eb do t\u00eb marr\u00eb bashk\u00ebsia dhe kombi yn\u00eb nes\u00ebr. Ne duhet t\u00eb zgjedhim me men\u00e7uri<\/em>.\u201d – Linda App<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klajd Kapinova<\/strong><\/p>\n

Presidenti Donald J. Trump, n\u00ebnshkroi nj\u00eb shpallje q\u00eb njeh 100-vjetorin e ratifikimit t\u00eb Amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e kalt\u00ebr t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, n\u00eb Washington D.C.<\/p>\n

Duke shoq\u00ebruar 100-vjetor e votimit t\u00eb grave, Presidenti Trump t\u00eb mart\u00ebn m\u00eb 25 gusht 2020, fali pas vdekjes, aktivisten e shquar amerikane Susan B. Anthony<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb lidhje me arrestimin e saj p\u00ebr votimin e rreth 148 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Presidenti Trump u shoq\u00ebrua nga disa t\u00eb ftuar, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Marjorie Dannenfesler, presidente e rrjetit kund\u00ebr abortit \u201cSusan B. Anthony List<\/em>\u201d, nj\u00eb avokate konservatore e hershme, e cila m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte Shoqat\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Arm\u00ebve t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kush ishte Susan B. Anthony?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906),<\/em> ishte nj\u00eb reformatore shoq\u00ebrore amerikane dhe aktiviste p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave, q\u00eb luajti nj\u00eb rol kryesor n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e votave t\u00eb grave.<\/p>\n

Susan Anthony lindi m\u00eb 15 shkurt t\u00eb vitit 1820, n\u00eb Daniel Anthony dhe Lucy Read n\u00eb Adams, Massachusetts, e dyta nga shtat\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Ajo u quajt Susan, p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb gjyshen s\u00eb saj n\u00ebn\u00eb Susanah<\/em>, dhe p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb motr\u00ebn s\u00eb babait t\u00eb saj Susan<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rinin\u00eb e saj, ajo dhe motrat e saj iu p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn nj\u00eb mani t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr inicialet e mesme<\/em>, duke shtuar inicialet e mesme n\u00eb emrat e tyre. Anthony p\u00ebrdori “B.” si fillestare e saj e mesme, sepse tezja e saj me emrin hall\u00eb Susan ishte martuar me nj\u00eb burr\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur Brownell.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Familja e saj ndau nj\u00eb pasion p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn sociale. V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e saj Daniel dhe Merritt u transferuan n\u00eb Kansas p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur l\u00ebvizjen kund\u00ebr skllav\u00ebris\u00eb atje. Merritt luftoi me John Brown kund\u00ebr forcave pro-skllavopronare, gjat\u00eb kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb Bleeding Kansas.<\/p>\n

Daniel p\u00ebrfundimisht zot\u00ebronte nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb dhe u b\u00eb kryetar i Leaven\u00eborth. Motra e Anthony Mary, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndau nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb vitet e m\u00ebvonshme, u b\u00eb drejtore e shkoll\u00ebs publike n\u00eb Rochester, dhe nj\u00eb aktiviste e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb nj\u00eb gruaje.<\/p>\n

Babai i saj vazhdoi t\u00eb ndiqte mbledhjet e Kuaker dhe u b\u00eb edhe m\u00eb radikal n\u00eb besimet e tij. N\u00ebna e Anthony ishte nj\u00eb metodiste dhe ndihmoi n\u00eb rritjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb version m\u00eb tolerant t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs fetare t\u00eb burrit t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

Babai i tyre i inkurajoi ata t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, vajza, si dhe djem, t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur, duke u m\u00ebsuar atyre parime t\u00eb biznesit dhe duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

Kur Anthony ishte gjasht\u00eb vje\u00e7, familja e saj u transferua n\u00eb Battenville, New York, ku babai i saj menaxhoi nj\u00eb mulli t\u00eb madh pambuku. M\u00eb par\u00eb ai kishte operuar fabrik\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb pambukut.<\/p>\n

Kur ishte shtat\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7, Anthony u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb konviktit Kuaker n\u00eb Filadelfia, ku duroi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb palumtur atmosfer\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kur ekonomia familjare u shkat\u00ebrrua, ata u detyruan t\u00eb shesin gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb kishin n\u00eb nj\u00eb ankand, por ata u shp\u00ebtuan nga xhaxhai i n\u00ebn\u00ebs, i cili bleu shumica e sendeve t\u00eb tyre dhe ia riktheu familjes.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar familjen e saj financiare, Anthony u largua nga sht\u00ebpia p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebsime n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb konviktit Quaker.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb vitin 1845, familja u transferua n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb n\u00eb periferi t\u00eb Rochester, New York, bler\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht me trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb Anthony.<\/p>\n

Atje u shoq\u00ebruan me nj\u00eb grup reformator\u00ebsh social\u00eb Kuaker, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin larguar nga asambleja e tyre p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kufizimeve q\u00eb vendosi n\u00eb aktivitetet e reform\u00ebs, dhe q\u00eb n\u00eb 1848 formuan nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb quajtur Miqt\u00eb e Kongregacionit.<\/p>\n

Fermat e Susan, shpejt u b\u00ebn\u00eb vendi i mbledhur pasditen e s\u00eb diel\u00ebs p\u00ebr aktivist\u00ebt lokal\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Frederick Douglass, nj\u00eb ish skllav dhe nj\u00eb abuzionist i shquar q\u00eb u b\u00eb shoku i p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm i Anthony.<\/p>\n

Ajo lindi n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr barazi sociale, ajo mblodhi peticione kund\u00ebr skllav\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 17 vje\u00e7. N\u00eb 1856, ajo u b\u00eb agjentja e shtetit t\u00eb New York p\u00ebr Shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb Amerikane anntiskllav\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1851, ajo u takua me Elizabeth Cady Stanton, e cila u b\u00eb shoqja dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtorja e saj e p\u00ebrjetshme, n\u00eb aktivitetet e reform\u00ebs sociale, kryesisht n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1852, ata themeluan Shoqat\u00ebn e Temperaturave Shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb Grave t\u00eb New York-ut pasi Anthony u ndalua t\u00eb fliste n\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb t\u00eb temperamentit, sepse ajo ishte fem\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1863, ata themeluan Lidhjen Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Besnik\u00ebve t\u00eb Grave, e cila kreu peticionin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb historin\u00eb e ShBA-s\u00eb deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, duke mbledhur gati 400,000 n\u00ebnshkrime n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb heqjes s\u00eb skllav\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1866, ata inicuan Shoqat\u00ebn Amerikane p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Barabarta, e cila b\u00ebri fushat\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e barabarta si p\u00ebr grat\u00eb ashtu edhe p\u00ebr afrikano-amerikan\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1868, ata filluan t\u00eb botojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave t\u00eb quajtur Revolucioni<\/em>. Po ashtu n\u00eb 1869, ata themeluan Shoqat\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Suffrage \u00cboman<\/em>, si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb ndarje n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e grave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1890, ndarja u sh\u00ebrua zyrtarisht kur organizata e tyre u bashkua me Shoqat\u00ebn e Rivendosjes s\u00eb Grave Votuese Amerikane, p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar Shoqat\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Suffrage Grave Amerikane, me Anthony si forc\u00ebn e saj kryesore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1876, Anthony dhe Stanton filluan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me Matilda Joslyn Gage p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb Historin\u00eb me gjasht\u00eb v\u00ebllime t\u00eb Shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb Grave.<\/p>\n

Interesat e Anthony dhe Stanton ndryshuan disi n\u00eb vitet e m\u00ebvonshme, por t\u00eb dy mbet\u00ebn miq t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1872, Anthony u arrestua p\u00ebr votimin n\u00eb qytetin e saj t\u00eb lindjes Rochester, New York dhe u d\u00ebnua n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjykim t\u00eb publikuar gjer\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse ajo nuk pranoi t\u00eb paguante gjob\u00ebn, autoritetet nuk pranuan t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin veprime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n

S\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vitin 1878, Anthony dhe Stanton organizuan q\u00eb Kongresi t\u00eb paraqitej me nj\u00eb amandament q\u00eb u jep grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs. Paraqitur nga senatori Aaron A. Sargent (Republikan, California), ajo m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb e njohur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si Ndryshimi i Susan B. Anthony.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb n\u00eb fund u ratifikua si Amandamenti i 19-t\u00eb i Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1920.<\/p>\n

Anthony udh\u00ebtoi gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb votimit t\u00eb grave, duke mbajtur deri 75 deri n\u00eb 100 fjalime n\u00eb vit dhe duke punuar n\u00eb shum\u00eb fushata shtet\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ajo ka punuar nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave, duke luajtur nj\u00eb rol kryesor n\u00eb krijimin e K\u00ebshillit Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Grave, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb akoma aktiv.<\/p>\n

Ajo gjithashtu ndihmoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb n\u00eb Kongresin Bot\u00ebror t\u00eb Grave P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuese n\u00eb Ekspozit\u00ebn Kolumbiane t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs n\u00eb agoikago n\u00eb 1893.<\/p>\n

Kur filloi fushat\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave, Anthony u tall me ashp\u00ebr dhe u akuzua se po p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrronte institucionin e martes\u00ebs. Perceptimi publik p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshoi rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

Dit\u00eblindja e 80-t\u00eb e saj u festua n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, me ftes\u00eb t\u00eb Presidentit \u00cbilliam McKinley. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ajo u b\u00eb qytetarja e par\u00eb fem\u00ebr, q\u00eb u p\u00ebrshkrua n\u00eb monedh\u00ebn e SHBA, kur portreti i saj u shfaq n\u00eb monedh\u00ebn e dollarit 1979.<\/em><\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb amerikane n\u00eb epok\u00ebn p\u00ebrparimtare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Susan Brownell Anthony<\/em> konsiderohet gjer\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb drejtuese e l\u00ebvizjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave n\u00eb ShBA.<\/p>\n

Republikanja Anthony, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr rolin e saj n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar t\u00eb drejtat e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, por ajo gjithashtu ishte nj\u00eb pionere e fort\u00eb kund\u00ebr skllav\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb votimit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1 n\u00ebntori t\u00eb vitit 1872, Susan e shoq\u00ebruar nga tre motrat e saj, u fut n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyqan rrobash n\u00eb Rochester, New York, dhe pyeti n\u00ebse ajo ishte n\u00eb vendin e duhur p\u00ebr t’u regjistruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar.<\/p>\n

Asokohe dyqani u shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb zyr\u00eb regjistrimi, p\u00ebr zgjedhjet e pritshme midis Ulysses Grant dhe Horace Greely u menaxhua, fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb, nga zyrtar\u00ebt e zgjedhjeve Beverly Jones, Edwin Marsh dhe William Hall.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb d\u00ebshmin\u00eb e saj, n\u00eb gjyqin dy ditor t\u00eb Susan B. Anthony<\/em> citoi fragmentin vet\u00ebm gjasht\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Amandamentit t\u00eb 14-t\u00eb t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs, i cili, thot\u00eb se “t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat e lindur ose natyralizuar n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara ishin shtetas amerikan\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye lejohen t\u00eb votojn\u00eb<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cSusan Brownell Anthony d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb dinte n\u00ebse n\u00ebn at\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb qytetare dhe kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb votonte<\/em>.\u201d kujtoi Beverly Jones.<\/p>\n

Pas ratifikimit t\u00eb amendamentit t\u00eb 14-t\u00eb, Susan B. Anthony dhe motrat e saj ishin midis 15 grave q\u00eb votuan n\u00eb 5 n\u00ebntor 1872, duke pretenduar se shteti i New York nuk mund t\u00eb “zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb privilegjet ose imunitetet e qytetar\u00ebve<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Rreth 50 gra t\u00eb tjera u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb votojn\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Rochester, por u larguan. N\u00eb gjyqin e saj dy-ditor n\u00eb qershor 1873, Anthony u d\u00ebnua t\u00eb paguante nj\u00eb gjob\u00eb prej 100 dollar\u00eb dhe shpenzimet gjyq\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrdorur prerjet e lajmeve dhe burime t\u00eb tjera, Susan B. Anthony mbante sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb kujdesshme nga viti 1868 deri n\u00eb 1872 t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar, pas ratifikimit t\u00eb amandamenteve t\u00eb 14 dhe 15. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e saj tregojn\u00eb se t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 858 gra t\u00eb New Jersey votuan ose u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb votojn\u00eb n\u00eb NJ pas ratifikimit t\u00eb ndryshimeve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshmis\u00eb s\u00eb tij nga gjyqi i vitit 1872 ndaj Susan B. Anthony, zyrtari i zgjedhjeve Beverly Jones kujton takimin e tij me Anthony pasi ajo u shfaq n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb votuesve dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguli t\u00eb regjistrohej edhe pse ishte e paligjshme p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebnin at\u00eb asokohe.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu 14 gra, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Anthony, u regjistruan me sukses at\u00eb dit\u00eb, por kur ajo u paraqit n\u00eb kabin\u00ebn e votimit kat\u00ebr dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hedhur vot\u00ebn e saj, ajo u arrestua, u gjykua, u d\u00ebnua e u shpall fajtore, p\u00ebr votime t\u00eb paligjshme. Nj\u00eb gjykat\u00ebse gjobiti Anthony dhe e pyeti n\u00ebse ajo kishte di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t’i th\u00ebn\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Sot, SHBA feston 100-vjetorin e Amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb n\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebn e ShBA-s\u00eb (ratifikuar me 18 gusht 1920).<\/p>\n

Sikurse dihet, ndryshimi i 19-t\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmend drejtp\u00ebrdrejt grat\u00eb. N\u00eb tekst thuhet:<\/p>\n

E drejta e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar nuk do t\u00eb mohohet ose shkurtohet nga Shtetet e Bashkuara ose nga ndonj\u00eb shtet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb seksit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kongresi, do t\u00eb ket\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull me legjislacionin e duhur.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, Kushtetuta \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dokument aspak gjinor. (Si\u00e7 v\u00ebren nga Udh\u00ebzuesi i Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb p\u00ebr Kushtetut\u00ebn, fjala mashkull<\/em> nuk u paraqit as n\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb, deri sa ratifikimi i kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb u ratifikua n\u00eb 1868.)<\/p>\n

Edhe para amandamentimit asgj\u00eb n\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebn fillestare nuk i ndaloi grat\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb votojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb, q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pamartuara u lejuan t\u00eb votojn\u00eb n\u00eb New Jersey nga viti 1797 deri n\u00eb 1807. Por nuk ishte deri n\u00eb 1869, kur territori i Wyoming u b\u00eb qeveria e par\u00eb territoriale q\u00eb lejoi grat\u00eb t\u00eb votojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, Wyoming, me marrjen e shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb 1890 u b\u00eb shteti i par\u00eb shtet, q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet federale. Deri n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur ndryshimi u ratifikua (1920) grat\u00eb g\u00ebzonin nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb 15 shtete, t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs presidenciale n\u00eb 28 dhe shkall\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb votimit vendor edhe pse shumica e t\u00eb tjerave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 1919 teksti i sakt\u00eb i projekt-ligjit t\u00eb tij u miratua nga Kongresi dhe u ratifikua nga tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat e shteteve n\u00eb vitin 1920.<\/em><\/p>\n

Para amandamentimit, gati po aq grupe anti-votimi u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin sikurse edhe grupet e votimit. Shum\u00eb gra kund\u00ebrshtuan votimin nga frika se kjo do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme shoq\u00ebrore dhe do t\u00eb shkaktonte humbje t\u00eb statusit dhe privilegjeve p\u00ebr seksin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Disa shtete prit\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 vjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ratifikuar ndryshimin: Maryland (1941), Virginia (1952), Alabama (1953), Florida (1969, megjith\u00ebse nuk ishte e \u00e7ertifikuar deri n\u00eb 1973), Georgia (1970), Luiziana (1970), Karolina e Veriut (1971), dhe Mississippi (1984).<\/p>\n

Sot, 26 gushti 2020, \u00ebsht\u00eb 100-vjetori i kur qeveria federale \u00e7ertifikoi shtetet n\u00eb ratifikimin e amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, q\u00eb lidhet me t\u00eb drejtat e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ndryshimi federal mandaton “E drejta e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar nuk do t\u00eb mohohet ose shkurtohet nga Shtetet e Bashkuara ose nga ndonj\u00eb shtet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb seksit<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrvjetori ka nxitur nisma dixhitale, monumente t\u00eb reja dhe konsorciume bashk\u00ebpunuese. Ai gjithashtu ka qen\u00eb rasti p\u00ebr bursa t\u00eb reja dhe biseda t\u00eb larmishme, q\u00eb komplikojn\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb votimit dhe demonstrojn\u00eb fitoren e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme por t\u00eb pjesshme t\u00eb ndryshimit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Muzeun e shtetit t\u00eb New York-ut, ndodhen e ekspozuar histori t\u00eb aktivizmit politik t\u00eb grave n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra dhe shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri. Ekspozita \u201cP\u00ebrtej <\/em>Votimit<\/em>\u201d, p\u00ebrkujtoi p\u00ebrvjetorin e votimit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb New York n\u00eb vitin 1917.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre ekspozitave, planeve m\u00ebsimore dhe programeve t\u00eb kaluara, shpesh lindin tema t\u00eb reja n\u00eb lidhje me votimin e grave.<\/p>\n

L\u00ebvizja e votimit dhe ndryshimi i 19-t\u00eb diskriminojn\u00eb shum\u00eb gra me ngjyra. N\u00eb New York, l\u00ebvizja e votimit t\u00ebrhoqi nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb larmishme t\u00eb grave, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Sarah J.S. Garnet, i cili themeloi Lidhjen e Barabart\u00eb t\u00eb Votimit n\u00eb Kings County n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1880 dhe organizoi p\u00ebr votim, p\u00ebrmes Shoqat\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Grave me ngjyr\u00eb, dhe Mabel Lee, i cili, drejtoi nj\u00eb kontigjent t\u00eb grave kineze dhe kineze amerikane, n\u00eb nj\u00eb parad\u00eb t\u00eb votimit posht\u00eb Fifth Avenue n\u00eb vitin 1917.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb vendase t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs dhe grat\u00eb amerikane aziatike nuk u lejuan t\u00eb votojn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb federale: Grat\u00eb vendase deri n\u00eb vitin 1924 dhe disa gra aziatike deri n\u00eb vitin 1920.<\/p>\n

Votimi, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr shum\u00eb mjetet thelb\u00ebsore n\u00eb kutin\u00eb e veglave t\u00eb aktivizmit. Grat\u00eb shpesh kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndryshime, p\u00ebrmes votimit ose kandidimit p\u00ebr n\u00eb zyr\u00eb, por ata gjithashtu kan\u00eb punuar prapa skenave n\u00eb qeveri dhe kan\u00eb nxitur ndryshime p\u00ebrmes aktivizmit thelb\u00ebsor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ky ishte rasti n\u00eb vitin 1920, pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes \u00e7lirimtare t\u00eb grave dhe n\u00eb vitin 2020, me zgjedhjet e ardhshme sot.<\/p>\n

Sot, muzet\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Washington D,C., nderojn\u00eb 100-vjetorin e miratimit t\u00eb pik\u00ebs s\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, i cili, u dha grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb moment i madh n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e votimit t\u00eb grave, ndodhi pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb \u00cbashington D,C., kur u zhvillua Procesi i Votimit t\u00eb Grave n\u00eb 1913.<\/p>\n

Mij\u00ebra vet\u00eb u bashkuan n\u00eb protest\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marshuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb fol\u00ebs si Helen Keller, si dhe student\u00eb meshkuj dhe femra afrikano amerikan\u00eb nga Universiteti Howard.<\/p>\n

Marshimi nd\u00ebrtoi vrullin q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht do t\u00eb kulmonte n\u00eb fitimin e grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb vit, muzet\u00eb dhe institucionet e shumta t\u00eb D.C., po festojn\u00eb 100-vjetorin e miratimit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb Amandamentit nga Kongresi m\u00eb 4 qershor t\u00eb vitit 1919, i cili, u dha grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse nuk u ratifikua deri n\u00eb 18 gusht 1920 dhe grave t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs Amerikane iu mohuan t\u00eb drejtat e votimit n\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete Jugore deri n\u00eb vitin 1965.<\/p>\n

Si qend\u00ebr e demokracis\u00eb, kryeqyteti i vendit luajti nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb madh n\u00eb ndihm\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar p\u00ebrpara lirit\u00eb e grave at\u00ebher\u00eb, dhe ajo vazhdon t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si vendi, ku, qytetar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb lirin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs sot.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebrbimi i Parkut Komb\u00ebtar zhvillon turne n\u00eb Monumentin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Barazis\u00eb s\u00eb Grave Belmont-Paul, nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi historike 200-vje\u00e7are n\u00eb Capitol Hill, q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e grave qysh kur Partia e Gruas Komb\u00ebtare u b\u00eb pronar n\u00eb vitin 1929.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr terrenin m\u00eb t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb demokracin\u00eb amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb treshe me gra t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb revolucion n\u00eb procesin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb votimit<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ky monument 14,000 paund pavdekson Elizabeth Cady Stanton<\/em>, nj\u00eb nga grat\u00eb e para, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs, Susan B. Anthony<\/em>, e cila propozoi Amandamentin 19-t\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb kalonte pas vdekjes s\u00eb saj, dhe Lucretia Mott, nj\u00eb predikuese Kuaker q\u00eb luftoi p\u00ebr barazin\u00eb e grave n\u00eb vitet 1800.<\/p>\n

Partia e Gruas Komb\u00ebtare, prezantoi monumentin si nj\u00eb dhurat\u00eb p\u00ebr Capitol Hill, e cila u pranua e u zbulua gjat\u00eb dit\u00eblindjes s\u00eb 101-t\u00eb t\u00eb Susan B. Anthony<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Muzeu Komb\u00ebtar i Historis\u00eb Amerikane, p\u00ebrmban ekspozit\u00ebn e shk\u00eblqyeshme t\u00eb besimit, p\u00ebrmban shamin\u00eb e kuqe t\u00eb Susan B. Anthony<\/em>, butonat e votimit, tryez\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Elizabeth Stanton hartoi Deklarat\u00ebn e Ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr Senek\u00ebn e famshme Falls Convention dhe nj\u00eb vagon votash p\u00ebr grat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kjo ekspozit\u00eb prej 3000 metrash katror\u00eb n\u00eb Galerin\u00eb La\u00ebrence F. O’Brien n\u00eb Arkivin Komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebrdor m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90 artikuj, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb regjistrime, objekte dhe fotografi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar historin\u00eb komplekse t\u00eb votimit t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb sigurimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar.<\/p>\n

Ekspozita q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet falas, gjithashtu shkon p\u00ebrtej vitit 1920, p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar luft\u00ebn e pam\u00ebshirshme q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb historin\u00eb e SHBA p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar t\u00eb drejtat e votimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb. Edhe pse muzeu aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbyllur (p\u00ebr arsye Covid-19), ekspozita \u00ebsht\u00eb falas n\u00eb internet, sikurse n\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebs s\u00eb Kongresit Amerikan.<\/p>\n

Ekspozita ka koleksionet e Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Mary Church Terrell dhe votuesit e tjer\u00eb me fjal\u00ebt e tyre. Fotografit\u00eb historike, pamjet filmike dhe dor\u00ebshkrimet e rralla do t’i transportojn\u00eb vizitor\u00ebt p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb koh\u00eb pasi grat\u00eb zun\u00eb vendin e tyre n\u00eb sheshin publik.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb republikane nderojn\u00eb 100-vjetorin e ratifikimit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb t\u00eb votimit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klubi i Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Komonuelthit t\u00eb Grave (CRWC) u takua shkurtimisht me maska dhe distanc\u00eb sociale (p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb Covid-19), p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtuar 100-vjetorin e ratifikimit t\u00eb Amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs n\u00eb gusht t\u00eb vitit 1920.<\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb ftuarit mor\u00ebn kthesat, duke lexuar informacione biografike nd\u00ebrsa treguan fotografi t\u00eb disa prej figurave t\u00eb njohura nga dekadat e udh\u00ebheqjes s\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb grave t\u00eb votimit, q\u00eb filluan n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1800 deri n\u00eb ratifikimin n\u00eb vitin 1920.<\/p>\n

Programi nxori n\u00eb pah p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr koordinim midis l\u00ebvizjet p\u00ebr votime, klubet e partis\u00eb republikane t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Republikane t\u00eb shekullit XX, protestat e \u201cSilent Sentinel\u201d n\u00eb Washington, DC dhe \u201cNata e Terrorit\u201d etj. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e p\u00ebrmendur p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb: Sojourner Truth, Harriett Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Burns dhe Alice Paul.<\/em><\/p>\n

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony dhe Lucretia Mott<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ky monument portreti n\u00eb grup p\u00ebr pionier\u00ebt e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb vot\u00ebs s\u00eb grave, e cila fitoi grat\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1920, u skalit nga nj\u00eb bllok prej 8 ton\u00ebsh mermeri n\u00eb Carrara, Itali. Monumenti p\u00ebrmban bustet e portreteve t\u00eb tre lider\u00ebve t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony dhe Lucretia Mott.<\/em><\/p>\n

Miliona gra amerikane iu dha e drejta e vot\u00ebs me ratifikimin e Amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1920, i cili sh\u00ebnoi p\u00ebrvjetorin e tij n\u00eb vitin 2020.<\/p>\n

Por m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb, grat\u00eb votuan ligj\u00ebrisht n\u00eb New Jersey nga 1776-1807.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspozit\u00eb t\u00eb re, Muzeu i Revolucionit Amerikan, ka eksploruar historin\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb votuesve t\u00eb para l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb grave n\u00eb vend dhe shqyrton sesi dhe pse u hoq kjo e drejt\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1807.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb kurajoze heroina p\u00ebr lirin\u00eb e vot\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1920, Asambleja e P\u00ebrgjithshme e Virginia, nuk pranoi t\u00eb ratifikoj\u00eb Amendamentin e 19-t\u00eb t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb ShBA-s\u00eb, p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb grave t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Grat\u00eb krijuan dy organizata mbar\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs. Votuesit e Virxhinis\u00eb ishin nj\u00eb grup i shquar i grave t\u00eb talentuara dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuara, q\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb harruar.<\/p>\n

Ata marshuan n\u00eb parada, u mblodh\u00ebn n\u00eb kryeqytetin shtet\u00ebror, fol\u00ebn p\u00ebr turmat n\u00eb qoshet e rrug\u00ebs, stendat e stafit n\u00eb panaire t\u00eb shtetit dhe t\u00eb qarqeve, lobuan ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe kongresmen\u00ebt, p\u00ebrzgjodh\u00ebn Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb dhe madje shkuan n\u00eb burg.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb 100-vjetorin e votimit t\u00eb grave, k\u00ebto gra t\u00eb shquara njihen m\u00eb n\u00eb fund p\u00ebr arritjet dhe kontributet e tyre t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

Me rastin e 100-vjetorit t\u00eb ratifikimit t\u00eb amandamentit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA (dh\u00ebnia e grave p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs), dhe 55-vjetori i Aktit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Votimit t\u00eb vitit 1965 (zbatimi i t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb votimit p\u00ebr pakicat racore).<\/p>\n

10,000 gra votuan n\u00eb New Jersey midis 1790 dhe 1807<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e ratifikimit t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh.B.A-s\u00eb dhe krijimit t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs n\u00eb 1789, votimi ishte i kufizuar p\u00ebr mbajt\u00ebsit e pasurive mashkullore pa borxhe, ose pronar\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Kongres u p\u00ebrcaktua duke num\u00ebruar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e lindur dhe natyralizuar natyral\u00eb dhe 60 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb skllav\u00ebruar afrikano amerikane n\u00eb shtetet me skllav\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb vitit 1776, New Jersey u dha t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs p\u00ebr “banor\u00ebt e lir\u00eb t\u00eb Shtetit”, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin mbi mosh\u00ebn madhore (mosha 21 vje\u00e7), kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 pasuri dhe kishin jetuar n\u00eb New Jersey p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb muaj New Jersey ishte unik n\u00eb lejimin e grave q\u00eb plot\u00ebsonin k\u00ebto kritere p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. Dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb shtetet e tjera origjinale kishin t\u00eb gjitha kushtetutat, q\u00eb thoshin se votuesit duhej t\u00eb ishin meshkuj.<\/p>\n

Klauzola e votimit n\u00eb New Jersey zbatohej kryesisht p\u00ebr grat\u00eb beqare, sepse nj\u00eb grua e martuar humbi identitetin e saj juridik si rezultat i fsheht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe prandaj nuk lejohej t\u00eb zot\u00ebronte pron\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Votuesit e lir\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt posedonin mjaft pron\u00eb mund t\u00eb votonin gjithashtu. N\u00eb rikthimin e humbur t\u00eb terrenit, Margaret Crocco raportoi se rreth 10,000 gra votuan n\u00eb New Jersey midis 1790 dhe 1807.<\/p>\n

Fushata e gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr votimin e grave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fushata 72-vje\u00e7are p\u00ebr votimin e grave filloi zyrtarisht n\u00eb 1848 n\u00eb Seneca Falls, New York. Konventa e Seneca Falls miratoi Deklarat\u00ebn e Ndjesive, duke e modeluar at\u00eb pas Deklarat\u00ebs s\u00eb Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 858 gra t\u00eb New Jersey votuan ose u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn t\u00eb votojn\u00eb n\u00eb New Jersey pas ratifikimit t\u00eb ndryshimeve t\u00eb 14 dhe 15.<\/p>\n

Gjuha e amandamenteve t\u00eb 14 dhe 15 fuqizoi shum\u00eb gra t\u00eb testojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb vot\u00ebs. Ndryshimi i 14-t\u00eb thot\u00eb:<\/p>\n

“T\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat e lindur ose natyralizuar n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, dhe jan\u00eb subjekt i juridiksionit t\u00eb tyre, jan\u00eb shtetas t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe t\u00eb shtetit ku ata banojn\u00eb. Asnj\u00eb shtet nuk do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb ose zbatoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ligj q\u00eb do t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb privilegjet ose imunitetet e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara; as ndonj\u00eb shtet nuk do t\u00eb privoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb person nga jeta, liria ose prona, pa nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb rregullt ligjor; as t’i mohoj\u00eb ndonj\u00eb personi n\u00eb juridiksionin e tij mbrojtjen e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb ligjeve<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Literatura:<\/strong><\/p>\n