{"id":59326,"date":"2020-08-30T08:48:29","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T06:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=59326"},"modified":"2020-08-30T08:54:17","modified_gmt":"2020-08-30T06:54:17","slug":"fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\/","title":{"rendered":"FJODOR MIHAJLLOVI\u00c7 DOSTOJEVSKI"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Xhelal
Xhelal Zejneli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski <\/strong>(Fedor Mihaljlovi\u010d Dostoevskij, Mosk\u00eb, 1821 \u2013 Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg, 1881<\/em>) \u00ebsht\u00eb romancier dhe novelist rus, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb e historis\u00eb s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. I \u00e7muar lart n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb prej paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit nga ana e babait \u00ebsht\u00eb Danilo Rtish\u00e7iq, gjurma e shkruar e t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb vitin 1506 n\u00eb fshatin ukrainas Dostoijv (sot n\u00eb Bjellorusi) sipas t\u00eb cilit Dostojevski e marr\u00eb mbiemrin. M\u00eb von\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb e familjes Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulur n\u00eb rajonin ukrainas Volini, ku n\u00eb vitet 1570 … p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb paraqitet emri Fedir Dostojevski i cili ka punuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb princit t\u00eb ikur moskovit Andrej Kurbski. Pas k\u00ebsaj, mbiemri i familjes Dostojevski haset edhe n\u00eb vitin 1664 n\u00eb vendin e vog\u00ebl ukrainas Serkuni, n\u00eb rajonin e Volinit. Po k\u00ebshtu, edhe n\u00eb vendin fqinj Kli\u00e7kovci ku kishin ushtruar detyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve vendor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb po aty edhe pronar\u00eb tokash. Po n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb figurojn\u00eb emrat e Karl Dostojevskit dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb birit Homer.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1775 Dostojevsk\u00ebt i shesin pronat n\u00eb Kli\u00e7kovc, nd\u00ebrsa pasardh\u00ebsi i tyre Grigorij Homerovi\u00e7 Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulur n\u00eb Janushpole (Fush\u00ebn e Janushit) pran\u00eb Zhitomirit ku \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb klerik. Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb klerik\u00eb edhe djali dhe nipat e tij. I biri Jan ka sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb rajonin ukrainas Podili, nd\u00ebrsa djemt\u00eb e tij Andrij dhe Mihajllo kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb fshatrat Skalla dhe Vitivci (rajoni i Vinic\u00ebs).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e viteve 1782-1820 ka qen\u00eb klerik edhe gjyshi i Dostojevskit, Andrij Dostojevski. Dashuria e tij ndaj Ukrain\u00ebs<\/strong> shihet n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimin e tij ukrainas. Pas tij, n\u00eb vitet 1820-1829 Vijtivcin e ka administruar djali i tij Lev. Djali tjet\u00ebr Mihajllo (babai i Dostojevskit) ka ndjekur shkoll\u00ebn n\u00eb fidanishten Shargorodski t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Vinic\u00ebs. Duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nga student\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. Pas mbarimit t\u00eb studimeve, Mihajllo Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb nga mjek\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb Spitalit t\u00eb Maris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb varfrit n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. Edhe sot varre t\u00eb familjar\u00ebve t\u00eb Dostojevskit ndodhen n\u00eb Kalnik t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs. N\u00eb qytetet Kiev, Odes\u00eb, Makijvci dhe Vinnicji jetojn\u00eb pjes\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb farefisit t\u00eb Dostojevskit. Disa prej tyre nuk e mbajn\u00eb mbiemrin e tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Vijtici \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur muzeu i Dostojevskit ku \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur lidhja e tij me kultur\u00ebn ukrainase, me zhvillimet shoq\u00ebrore ukrainase dhe me Ukrain\u00ebn. Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb djal\u00eb i mjekut t\u00eb shkolluar Mihajllo Dostojevskit<\/strong> t\u00eb lindur n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb. Ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00ebtar i fisnik\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Supozohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb vrar\u00eb prej bujkrob\u00ebrve t\u00eb vet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb ashp\u00ebr dhe n\u00ebn\u00e7muese. Hulumtues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb thon\u00eb se Babi i Dostojevskit Mihajllo \u00ebsht\u00eb vrar\u00eb p\u00ebr shkaqe financiare nga njer\u00ebz t\u00eb kamur q\u00eb i ka njohur.<\/p>\n

Ata e pask\u00ebshin shfryt\u00ebzuar prirjen e tij ndaj alkoolit dhe disponimin depresiv, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb e kan\u00eb inskenuar vet\u00ebvrasjen e tij. Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb tejet i af\u00ebrt me t\u00eb atin gj\u00eb q\u00eb shihet n\u00eb letrat e tyre. Vdekja e tij e ka shqet\u00ebsuar tej mase. P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb ka p\u00ebsuar sulm epileptik<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00ebna e Dostojevskit, rusja Marija Fedorovna <\/strong>ka vdekur m\u00eb 1837 nga tuberkulozi, i njohur n\u00eb popull si kolla e that\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr an\u00ebt patologjike<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb Dostojevskit, t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tij, t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb tij ngusht\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshi edhe motrat dhe v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb shkrimtarit jepen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb librin \u201cTragjedia e gjenive\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (<\/em>Vladimir Stanojevi\u0107, Tragedija genija, <\/em>Medicinska knjiga, Zagreb 1972)<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim t\u00eb deformimeve shpirt\u00ebrore<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve gjenial\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe \u00a0\u00a0emtat e shkrimtarit t\u00eb madh: Varvara Dostoevskaja, Ljubov Dostoevskaja, Vera Dostoevskaja, Aleksandra Dostoevskaja.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dostojevski lindi n\u00eb maternitetin e Mosk\u00ebs m\u00eb 11 n\u00ebntor 1821. Ndoqi dhe kreu studimet ushtarako-inxhinierie n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg. Her\u00ebt vendos t\u2019i p\u00ebrkushtohet vokacionit t\u00eb shkrimtarit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1849, p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrjen n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e qerthullit utopik-socialist u d\u00ebnua me vdekje. D\u00ebnimi i till\u00eb iu fal p\u00ebr t\u2019u d\u00ebrguar n\u00eb vuajtje d\u00ebnimi me burg dhe n\u00eb syrgjynosje n\u00eb Siberi. Aty q\u00ebndroi deri n\u00eb vitin 1859.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb disa tekste polemizoi me utopit\u00eb socialiste t\u00eb kritikut dhe romancierit rus Nikollaj \u00c7ernishevskit <\/strong>(Nikolaj Gavrilovi\u010d \u010cerny\u0161evskij, 1828-1889). \u00c7ernishevski ishte publicisti radikal kryesor i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, ideolog i revolucionit t\u00eb fshatar\u00ebve dhe i socializmit utopik. Dostojevski ishte shkrimtar profesional dhe publicist. Ndikoi fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn kulturore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet. Shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj pas tij,\u00a0 u bazuan tek ai. Disa e kan\u00eb konsideruar paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkthen romanin \u201cEvgjenia Grande\u201d<\/em> (Eug\u00e9nie Grandet, 1833) <\/em>t\u00eb romancierit francez Honore d\u00eb Balzak <\/strong>(Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, 1799-1850). N\u00ebn ndikimin e Nikollaj Vasilevi\u00e7 Gogolit <\/strong>e shkruan vepr\u00ebn e vet t\u00eb par\u00eb, tregimin e gjat\u00eb \u201cNjer\u00ebz t\u00eb mjer\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1846), n\u00eb form\u00eb epistolare. Vepra e ka entuziazmuar kritikun dhe teoricienin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh rus t\u00eb koh\u00ebs Visarion Bjelinski <\/strong>(Visarion Gligorijevi\u010d Bjelinski, 1811-1846). Dostojevski dep\u00ebrton\u00a0 n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e qarqeve letrare ruse.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb Dostojevski hyn n\u00eb qerthullin e socialist\u00ebve utopist\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Butashevi\u00e7-Petrashevski, veprimtaria \u201crevolucionare\u201d e t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej kryesisht nga debatet private p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e Rusis\u00eb, p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn e sistemit shoq\u00ebror, p\u00ebr demokratizimin dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin nga rendi skllavopronar. N\u00eb planin letrar pasoi arritja e par\u00eb e fuqishme, v\u00ebrtet \u201cdostojevskiane\u201d<\/em>, romani i shkurt\u00ebr \u201cKipci\u201d<\/em> (1846). N\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur degradimi i personalitetit t\u00eb n\u00ebpun\u00ebsit shtet\u00ebror Goljatkin i cili fundoset n\u00eb skizofreni n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb halucinacionesh n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrzihen realiteti dhe projeksionet mentale.<\/p>\n

Kjo vep\u00ebr burimore nuk u pranua gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kredhjes psikologjike dhe mbartjes radikale t\u00eb realitetit n\u00eb vet\u00ebdijen e protagonistit<\/em><\/strong>, gj\u00eb q\u00eb binte ndesh me parimet estetike<\/em> t\u00eb asaj kohe t\u00eb bazuara kryesisht n\u00eb kritik\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore<\/em>. N\u00eb vitin 1849, n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e Dostojevskit ndodh kthes\u00eb. Policia perandorake ndalon veprimtarin\u00eb e klubit \u201cPetrashevac\u201d, nd\u00ebrsa autori dhe shok\u00ebt e tij, me t\u00eb gdhir\u00eb, u nxor\u00ebn n\u00eb pushkatim t\u00eb inskenuar. N\u00eb pritje t\u00eb ekzekutimit nga togu vrastar, mb\u00ebrriti \u201cdekreti carist i faljes s\u00eb d\u00ebnimit\u201d. Ekzekutimi z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me burg dhe internim n\u00eb Siberi.<\/p>\n

Katorga dhe Siberia <\/em><\/strong>– N\u00eb rob\u00ebri Dostojevski p\u00ebrjeton transformim ideologjik. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb mendime t\u00eb ndryshme. Prej q\u00ebndrimeve t\u00eb ballafaquara shihet qart\u00eb se Dostojevski edhe para rob\u00ebris\u00eb kishte anuar kah misticizmi i krishter\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb socializmi utopist i tij nuk i ka ndjekur doktrinat materialiste<\/em> si ato t\u00eb Fojerbahut*<\/sup><\/strong>, por pik\u00ebpamjet idealiste<\/em> t\u00eb Furies\u00eb* <\/strong>dhe t\u00eb Shilerit*<\/strong>, pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb von\u00eb i ka qes\u00ebndisur. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, ato gjithmon\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb obsesioneve t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

Risi n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet e Dostojevskit pas katorg\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong> (burgut, pun\u00ebs s\u00eb detyrueshme) n\u00eb Siberi \u00ebsht\u00eb glorifikimi i carizmit, i ortodoksis\u00eb dhe i nacionalizmit rus, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht i q\u00ebndrimeve kund\u00ebr-per\u00ebndimore.<\/em> Me q\u00ebndrimet e tilla Dostojevski u afrohet sllavofil\u00ebve<\/em>, por kurr\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht. Dostojevski kat\u00ebr vjet q\u00ebndroi n\u00eb burg. Pas k\u00ebsaj, u detyrua q\u00eb kat\u00ebr vjet t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si ushtar i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb kushtet e egra t\u00eb viseve t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb aziatike.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Ludvig Fojerbahu<\/strong> (Ludwig Andrera von Feuerbach, 1804-1872) \u00ebsht\u00eb filozof dhe antropolog gjerman. Liberal politik, ateist dhe materialist. Shpesh p\u00ebrmendet si ur\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet filozofit gjerman Vilhelm Fridrih Hegelit<\/strong> (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1770-1831) dhe filozofit gjerman me prejardhje \u00e7ifute<\/em> Karl Marksit <\/strong>(Karl Marx, 1818-1883). Hegeli \u00ebsht\u00eb figur\u00eb e madhe e filozofis\u00eb klasike idealiste gjermane. Marksi \u00ebsht\u00eb filozof, ekonomist, historian, sociolog, teoricien politik, zhurnalist, revolucionar socialist.<\/p>\n

Sharl Furie <\/strong>(Fran\u00e7oi Marie Charles Fourier, 1772-1837) \u00ebsht\u00eb filozof francez, nj\u00eb nga themeluesit e socializmit utopist.
\nFridrih Shiler <\/strong>(Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller, 1759-1805) \u00ebsht\u00eb poet, filozof, historian, dramaturg gjerman, shok i ngusht\u00eb i shkrimtarit gjerman Johan Volfgang fon G\u00ebtes <\/strong>(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832).<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pas kat\u00ebr vjet vuajtjeje d\u00ebnimi me burg, pas pun\u00ebs s\u00eb detyrueshme n\u00eb internim n\u00eb Siberi (1849-1857), p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht pas sh\u00ebrbimit ushtarak t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm Dostojevski kthehet n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kthim nga sht\u00ebpia e t\u00eb vdekurve. Boton vepr\u00ebn \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga sht\u00ebpia e t\u00eb vdekurve\u201d <\/em>(1860-1862). Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim i fiksionalizuar i rob\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb vet, me plot rr\u00ebfime realiste p\u00ebr bashkudh\u00ebtar\u00ebt-rob\u00ebr. Vepra korr sukses t\u00eb madh. Cari rus pjes\u00ebrisht e rehabiliton autorin.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, Dostojevski ballafaqohet me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong> p\u00ebrjeton edhe dram\u00ebn e vet njer\u00ebzore. Simptomat e epilepsis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> intensifikohen. Pasioni i bixhozit<\/em><\/strong> shpejt i b\u00ebhet obsesion. Me v\u00ebllain Mihajllo (Mihail) botonte gazet\u00eb. Me vdekjen e tij duhej ta mbante edhe familjen e tij t\u00eb madhe. Krijimtaria e Dostojevskit ngadal\u00ebsohet. Romani \u201cT\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb fyer\u201d <\/em>(1861), krahasuar me veprat e tij paraprake, t\u00eb mos flasim p\u00ebr veprat e ardhshme, p\u00ebr nga vlera artistike – ngec.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1862, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur prej kreditor\u00ebve Dostojevski niset p\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Q\u00ebndron n\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, n\u00eb Itali dhe n\u00eb Angli. N\u00eb Lond\u00ebr viziton shkrimtarin rus Aleksand\u00ebr Hercen <\/strong>(Aleksandar Ivanovi\u00e7 Gercen\/Hercen, 1812-1870) dhe anarkistin revolucionar rus Bakunjin <\/strong>(Mihail Aleksandrovi\u010d Bakunin, 1814-1876). Prej viti 1860 e k\u00ebndej disa her\u00eb e ka vizituar Evrop\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

JETA INTIME E DOSTOJEVSKIT <\/strong>\u2013 P\u00ebr jet\u00ebn intime t\u00eb Dostojevskit shkruan shkrimtari dhe publicisti rus Mark Slonim <\/strong>(Mark Lvovi\u010d Slonjim, 1894-1976) n\u00eb librin \u201cTri dashurit\u00eb e Dostojevskit\u201d<\/em>. Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me shum\u00eb femra: me krijuese letrare, me artiste, me fshatare etj. Por, jet\u00ebn e tij e kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar tri femra. Me t\u2019u liruar nga burgu dhe internimi Dostojevski takon femr\u00ebn Maria Dimitrievna Isaeva <\/strong>(1824-1864). Ajo ka qen\u00eb e martuar dhe ka pasur nj\u00eb djal\u00eb. Burri i b\u00ebn vet\u00ebvrasje. Pas k\u00ebsaj martohet me Dostojevskin. Kjo martes\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin vitet 1857-1864). Vejusha histerike l\u00ebngonte nga tuberkulozi. Deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb martes\u00ebs, bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebt i kan\u00eb shkaktuar vuajtje nj\u00ebri-tjetr\u00ebs. M\u00eb von\u00eb, Maria Isaeva i sh\u00ebrben Dostojevskit p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb prototip t\u00eb personazhit Natasha n\u00eb romanin \u201cT\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb fyer\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Me Apolinaria Susllov\u00ebn<\/strong> (Apollinaria Prokofyevna Suslova, e quajtur Polina Suslova, 1839-1918) Dostojevski u njoftua n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje letrare q\u00eb e kishte organizuar vet\u00eb ai. Ai ishte 42-vje\u00e7ar, nd\u00ebrsa ajo \u2013 22-vje\u00e7e. Tek Apolinaria gjeti at\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019e kishte gjetur te gruaja e vet – Marija Dimitrievna Isaeva. Kjo vash\u00eb e re ishte komunikuese dhe e \u00ebmb\u00ebl, por me karakter t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm. Shkrimtari nuk kishte mund\u00ebsi t\u2019i ofronte asaj at\u00eb q\u00eb i nevojitej. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj ishte n\u00eb martes\u00eb me Marin\u00eb. Apolineria shpesh i ikte p\u00ebr t\u2019u lidhur me burra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Kur Dostojevskit i vdiq gruaja e par\u00eb, Apolineria me gjakftoht\u00ebsi ia b\u00ebri me dije se nuk kishte nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb martohej me t\u00eb. Kjo i shkaktoi shkrimtarit dhimbje t\u00eb thell\u00eb duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb pashlyeshme n\u00eb shpirt. Edhe pasi u martua me Ana Gligorievna Snitkin<\/strong>, tin\u00ebz saj pati let\u00ebrk\u00ebmbim me Apolinerian.<\/p>\n

Figur\u00ebn e saj shpesh e paraqiste n\u00eb veprat e veta. But\u00ebsia dhe vrazhd\u00ebsia e saj e ndoqi q\u00eb prej se njohu e deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. N\u00eb thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e shpirtit dhe t\u00eb trupit i q\u00ebndroi besnik k\u00ebsaj femre entuziaste, brutale, t\u00eb pabes\u00eb dhe tragjike. Apolineria la gjurm\u00eb n\u00eb romanet e gjigantit letrar. Pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do vep\u00ebr t\u00eb tij v\u00ebrehen tipare t\u00eb karakterit t\u00eb saj t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar. Di\u00e7 prej saj hasim te Dunja vet\u00ebmohuese e romanit \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>; te Natasja Filipovna e zjarrt\u00eb dhe e \u00e7ekuilibruar e romanit \u201cIdioti\u201d<\/em> dhe te Liza kryelarte dhe e mbrapsht\u00eb e romanit \u201cShpirtra t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201d<\/em>. Reflektimi m\u00eb i plot\u00eb i Apolinarias \u00ebsht\u00eb Polina, personazhe kryesore e romanit \u201cKumarxhiu\u201d<\/em>. Tekstin e k\u00ebsaj vepre ia diktonte gruas s\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb tij, stenografes Ana Grigorievn Snitkin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dashuria e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e neurokirurgut t\u00eb trurit dhe t\u00eb shpirtit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ruse <\/strong>– P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bixhozit Dostojevski deri n\u00eb fyt ka qen\u00eb i zhytur n\u00eb borxhe. I \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb ballafaqohet me fajdexhinjt\u00eb. P\u00ebr 3.000 rubla u detyrua t\u2019ia shes\u00eb botuesit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e botimit t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhura t\u00eb tij. Botuesit i premtoi se p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb veprave do t\u2019ia shtoj\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb titull t\u00eb ri. P\u00ebr ta plot\u00ebsuar premtimin i kishin mbetur vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr jav\u00eb. Iu lut mikut t\u00eb vet q\u00eb ligj\u00ebronte stenografi q\u00eb t\u2019ia d\u00ebrgonte nx\u00ebn\u00ebsen m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb stenografis\u00eb. Profesori ia sugjeroi nj\u00ebr\u00ebn prej tyre.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, n\u00eb or\u00ebn 11 e 30 minuta stenografja trokiti n\u00eb der\u00ebn e shkrimtarit gjenial, kumarxhi i pasionuar, epileptik, i zhytur n\u00eb borxhe dhe i kanosur prej kamatar\u00ebve. Ishte Ana Gligorievna Snitkin <\/strong>(Anna Grygorievna Snitkin, Sh\u00ebn-Pet\u00ebrsburg, 12.9.1846 \u2013 Jalt\u00eb, 9.6.1918), 25 vjet m\u00eb e re se Dostojevski. Shkrimtari diktonte, stenografja shkruante. Dor\u00ebshkrimin e romanit \u201cKumarxhiu\u201d<\/em> e p\u00ebrfunduan brenda afatit t\u00eb duhur. Ishte viti 1867. Puna n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme i b\u00ebri q\u00eb t\u00eb afroheshin. U martuan sakaq. Tani e tutje ajo do t\u00eb quhet Ana Dostojevskaja<\/strong>. E lidhur n\u00eb vitin 1867, kjo martes\u00eb zgjati deri n\u00eb vdekjen e autorit t\u00eb Raskollnikovit, m\u00eb 1881.<\/p>\n

Ana u ndesh dhe i p\u00ebrballoi t\u00eb gjitha v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e shkrimtarit gjigant. Veprat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ai i shkroi me ndihm\u00ebn e saj. Dostojevskit kumari i ishte shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb ves. N\u00eb rulet i humbi t\u00eb gjitha, edhe fustanet dhe stolit\u00eb e gruas s\u00eb re. Ajo vazhdimisht e k\u00ebshillonte t\u00eb hiqte dor\u00eb nga kjo udh\u00eb pa krye. Ai i premtoi se do t\u2019i jepte fund pasionit t\u00eb lig\u00eb. Pas disa vitesh e plot\u00ebsoi premtimin. Ana u b\u00eb e famshme n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa bot\u00ebrore. Nga martesa q\u00eb zgjati 14 vjet u lind\u00ebn kat\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb: Sonja (1868-1868), Ljubov (1869-1926), Fjodor (1871-1922), Aleksej (1875-1878). Sonja vdiq sa qe foshnj\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Aleksi, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn trevje\u00e7are. Vajza Lubov Dostoevskaja lindi n\u00eb Drezden t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, nuk u martua kurr\u00eb dhe vdiq n\u00eb Bolzano t\u00eb Italis\u00eb. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt, nipat dhe mbesat e Fjodor Dostojevskit jetuan n\u00eb Rusin\u00eb sovjetike dhe n\u00eb Rusin\u00eb post-sovjetike. Sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2013 n\u00eb mjerim.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebt shkrimtar\u00eb rus\u00eb q\u00eb e trajton mjedisin e qytetit<\/em><\/strong>. Fabulat e veprave t\u00eb tij jan\u00eb me p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb pasur, p\u00ebrplot thurje t\u00eb tendosura. Lexuesi leht\u00eb mund t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtoj\u00eb n\u00eb problematik\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrlikuar t\u00eb personazheve. Personazhet ndodhen n\u00eb konflikt t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Personazhet e veprave t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb Dostojevskit l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb mjedise qyteti: rrug\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebta, banesa t\u00eb marra me qira, mansarda dhe gjykata. K\u00ebtu nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb veprat \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga sht\u00ebpia e t\u00eb vdekurve, <\/em>1862)<\/em> ku trajtohen motive nga burgu; Fshati Stepan\u00e7ikov\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1859).\u00a0 N\u00eb romanin \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb, <\/em>1879-80) ngjarja \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb provinc\u00eb, pa peizazhe, nd\u00ebrsa dialogu p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn zhvillohet n\u00eb pijetoren e fshatit. Personazhe jan\u00eb kryesisht njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u \u00ebsht\u00eb cenuar dinjiteti, ndaj p\u00ebr fyerjet dhe p\u00ebr posht\u00ebrimet q\u00eb u jan\u00eb shkaktuar i hakmerren shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Fati i tyre zgjidhte me kriza psikologjike, me vrasje apo me vdekje. Midis tyre ka edhe pendestar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Jan\u00eb tre lloj personazhesh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u00eb cil\u00ebt protestojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, duan ta shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb apo ta ndryshojn\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht. T\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb Raskollnikovi i romanit \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em> dhe Ivan Karamazovi i romanit \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u201d<\/em>;<\/li>\n
  2. T\u00eb cil\u00ebt sjellin n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri ide me q\u00ebndrime krishtere paq\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrul\u00ebse dhe pasive. T\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb princi Mishkin i romanit \u201cIdioti\u201d<\/em>, Sonja Marmelladova i romanit \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>, Alosha Karamazov i romanit V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>;<\/li>\n
  3. T\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb egoist\u00eb t\u00eb paskrupull dhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb zvet\u00ebnuar. T\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb princi Valkovski i romanit \u201cT\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb fyer\u201d <\/em>dhe Fjodor Karamazov i romanit \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Problematika etike dhe morale e tyre shprehet n\u00eb dialog\u00eb, her\u00eb-her\u00eb me dispute (diskutime) t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb mallkuara\u201d t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit. Monolog\u00ebt e brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb karaktereve shpeshher\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me gjendjet shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb tyre. Personazhet flasin me nervoz\u00eb, me nj\u00eb t\u00eb folur plot nd\u00ebrprerje, t\u00eb shpejtuar dhe si n\u00eb kllapi.<\/p>\n

    Atmosfera e romaneve \u00ebsht\u00eb e zymt\u00eb, e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, e p\u00ebrshkuar nga pesimizmi dhe nga mungesa e shpres\u00ebs. Ka vul\u00ebn e nj\u00eb tragjizmi t\u00eb trishtuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb ngulfat \u00e7do gj\u00eb p\u00ebrreth.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb veprat e veta Dostojevski nuk e jep pasqyr\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore analistike t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, por dep\u00ebrton thell\u00eb n\u00eb shpirtin dhe n\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijen e njeriut. Sjell portretet psikologjike t\u00eb st\u00ebrholluara t\u00eb personazheve t\u00eb veta, bindsh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. P\u00ebrdor dialog\u00ebt, por prosedeu stilistik m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb monologu i brendsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>: personazhi u jepet mendimeve dhe p\u00ebrsiatjeve t\u00eb veta dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb folur nervoz dhe plot nd\u00ebrprerje, e paraqet bot\u00ebn e vet t\u00eb brendshme. M\u00eb von\u00eb, ky prosede stili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret me t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb romanin modern.<\/p>\n

    Prej vitit 1873 botoi vepr\u00ebn publicistike \u201cDitari i shkrimtarit\u201d <\/em>n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn i paraqiste idet\u00eb sllavofile<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb vitet 1876-77 shkruan n\u00eb favor t\u00eb \u201cvullnetar\u00ebve\u201d rus\u00eb q\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn ruso-turke, duke polemizuar me kapitujt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb romanit \u201cAna Karenina, <\/em>1875-77\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb prozatorit, dramaturgut dhe publicistit rus Leon Tolstoj <\/strong>(Lev Nikolaevi\u010d Tolstoj, 1828-1910). Dostojevski ka q\u00ebndrim kritik ndaj qytet\u00ebrimit dhe politik\u00ebs s\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit evropian. Vizitoi qendrat mjekuese dhe sallonet e loj\u00ebs t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb (Baden-Baden). N\u00eb fjalimin e mbajtur n\u00eb vitin 1880 p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb poetit komb\u00ebtar rus, tregimtarit dhe dramaturgut Aleksand\u00ebr Sergeevi\u00e7 Pushkin <\/strong>(Aleksandr Sergeevi\u010d Pu\u0161kin, 1799-1837) popullin rus e quajti shpres\u00ebtar q\u00eb do ta rilind\u00eb njer\u00ebzimin.<\/p>\n

    Romanet i nd\u00ebrtonte n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb fabulave t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, duke i shfryt\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrvojat e romaneve kriminalistike dhe bulevardeske angleze dhe franceze, por duke theksuar problematik\u00ebn psikologjike, morale dhe etike t\u00eb karaktereve t\u00eb zgjedhura. Disa novela, si p\u00ebr shembull \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d<\/em>, fare s\u2019kan\u00eb fabul: personazhi \u201crr\u00ebfehet\u201d vet\u00eb dhe i paraqet pik\u00ebpamjet e veta p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn. N\u00eb tregimin \u201cKrotka \u2013 Krotkaja\u201d <\/em>(1876) autori e paraqet rrjedh\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrgjegjes s\u00eb karakterit n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb kritike. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekja e par\u00eb e Dostojevskit t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb tregim n\u00eb form\u00ebn e monologut t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Monologu i brendsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 n\u00eb prozat e reja, sidomos n\u00eb romanin modern, duke nisur nga fillimi i shekullit XX gjithnj\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr theksohet monologu i brendsh\u00ebm<\/em>. Shkrimtar\u00ebt e novelave dhe t\u00eb romaneve tanim\u00eb nuk i paraqesin ngjarjet dhe jet\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb personazheve, por e p\u00ebrcjellin p\u00ebrroin e nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb personazhit t\u00eb caktuar, d.m.th. asociacionet e tij, mbresat p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth, reminishencat dhe kujtimet me renditjen sikund\u00ebr shfaqen n\u00eb vet\u00ebdijen e personazhit. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast autori nuk i kushton r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi faktit q\u00eb asociacionet t\u00eb paraqiten radhazi, t\u00eb ken\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi dhe t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprera. Monologu i brendsh\u00ebm realizohet m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti n\u00eb t\u00eb folurit e lir\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrthort\u00eb. Drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti flet personazhi kryesor. Monologu i brendsh\u00ebm nuk mund t\u00eb paraqitet me fjali t\u00eb qeta, t\u00eb rregullta. Ai zhvillohet me fjali t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprera dhe t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura sikund\u00ebr ndodhen n\u00eb vet\u00ebdije, n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebvet\u00ebdije apo n\u00eb vegulli imazhet dhe mendimet e personazhit kryesor. K\u00ebt\u00eb e hasim n\u00eb romanin \u201cUliksi\u201d (Ulysses, <\/em>1922)<\/em> t\u00eb prozatorit dhe poetit irlandez Xheimz Xhojs <\/strong>(James Joyce, 1882-1941).<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    N\u00eb veprat e Dostojevskit v\u00ebrehen gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb krijuesve letrar\u00eb evropian\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar dhe q\u00eb kan\u00eb shkruar para tij. Kjo tregon se ai duhej t\u2019i kishte njohur krijimet letrare t\u00eb tyre. Dostojevski hyri n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi duke p\u00ebrkthyer romancierin francez Honore d\u00eb<\/strong> Balzak <\/strong>(Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, 1799-1850). Romani i par\u00eb i tij \u201cNjer\u00ebz t\u00eb mjer\u00eb\u201d <\/em>(1846) tregon se ai i ka njohur tregimet e Pushkinit <\/strong>dhe t\u00eb tregimtarit e dramaturgut rus, me prejardhje nga Ukraina Nikollaj Vasiljevi\u00e7 Gogol <\/strong>(1809-1852). N\u00eb disa vepra t\u00eb veta Dostojevski p\u00ebrdor form\u00ebn e letrave. N\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb evropiane e kemi romanin epistolar (n\u00eb form\u00eb letrash) Vuajtjet e djaloshit Verter\u201d<\/em> (1774) t\u00eb shkrimtarit gjerman Johan Volfgang fon G\u00ebtes <\/strong>(Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832).<\/p>\n

    Te Dostojevski v\u00ebrehen edhe gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> sentimentalizmit<\/em><\/strong> evropian. Let\u00ebrk\u00ebmbimi nd\u00ebrmjet Makar Devushkinit dhe Varenjk\u00ebs kryesisht \u00ebsht\u00eb sentimental. Sentimentale jan\u00eb edhe romanet \u201cNet t\u00eb bardha\u201d <\/em>(1848) dhe i pap\u00ebrfunduari \u201cNeto\u00e7ka Nezvanova\u201d<\/em>(1849). Gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb tregimtarit dhe romancierit anglez t\u00eb epok\u00ebs viktoriane<\/em> \u00c7arlz Dikinz <\/strong>(Charles Dickens, 1812-1870) hasen n\u00eb \u201cT\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb fyer\u201d<\/em> (1866) t\u00eb Dostojevskit. Ndjesia dhe fati i i vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb braktisur Nelly, te Dostojevski e mbulojn\u00eb karakterin e dhunuesit dhe cinikut Valkovski.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (1866) \u00ebsht\u00eb roman ku flitet p\u00ebr studentin Raskollnikov i cili vret plak\u00ebn fajdexhi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb parat\u00eb e saj t\u2019i shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndihmuar t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve. Nj\u00ebherazi, edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar personalitetin e vet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Romani mbyllet me pendim: duke lexuar Ungjillin<\/em><\/strong>*<\/sub> gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr n\u00eb Siberi.<\/p>\n

    Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Ungjilli <\/strong>\u2013 1. Raporte t\u00eb hartuara n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb krishterimit p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn dhe m\u00ebsimin e Jezu Krishtit<\/strong>, n\u00eb disa libra. Prej tyre, kat\u00ebr libra kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Bib\u00ebl (Dhiata e Re); 2. T\u00ebr\u00ebsia e njohurive themelore, doktrina themelore e nj\u00eb shkence, ideologji, ligj etik suprem, dogm\u00eb e pandryshueshme. Evangjelist: shkrues i ungjillit. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur kat\u00ebr prej tyre: Mateu, Marku, Luka dhe Gjoni.<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Romani \u201cIdioti\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>(1868) paraqet princin Mishkin, epileptikun me virtyte altruisti, sinqeriteti, ndjesie dhe i gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sakrific\u00eb. I b\u00ebhet rival tregtari i vrazhd\u00ebt Rogozhin. Romani p\u00ebrfundon me vrasje. \u201cMllefet\u201d<\/em> lind\u00ebn n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebs gjyq\u00ebsore nga procesi ndaj vras\u00ebsve t\u00eb studentit \u2013 pjes\u00ebtar i grupit komplotist. Te \u201cDjaloshi\u201d<\/em> (Podrostok, <\/em>1875)<\/em> Versillovi i ri dhe \u201ci ofenduar\u201d n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis shoq\u00ebror t\u00eb shfrenuar flet p\u00ebr idealin e t\u00eb vetmuarit (bankari gjerman Rothschild) t\u00eb cilit parat\u00eb i nevojiten p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur pushtet mbi t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e shpie n\u00eb \u00e7menduri. N\u00eb romanin \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d <\/em>kemi enigm\u00ebn e vrasjes s\u00eb babait t\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebrpos qytez\u00ebs provinciale romani p\u00ebrfshin edhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e manastirit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr autori i paraqet edhe idet\u00eb e veta: pasqyron karakterin e err\u00ebt t\u00eb njeriut, karakterin kriminal derisa nuk\u00a0 njeh Zot (\u201cZot s\u2019ka \u2013 \u00e7do gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e lejueshme\u201d), predikimin e vuajtjes dhe t\u00eb idealit teokratik.<\/p>\n

    Dostojevski krijoi roman tipi t\u00eb ri. Tregimtari u afrohet karaktereve t\u00eb personazheve t\u00eb veta dhe jet\u00ebs shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb tyre. Teoricieni i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebtari dhe esteti rus Mihail Mihaillovi\u00e7 Bahtin <\/strong>(Mihail Mihailovi\u010d Bahtin, 1895-1975) thot\u00eb se n\u00eb romanet e Dostojevskit, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet polifonis\u00eb, b\u00ebhet i mundur debati lidhur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet morale, etike dhe filozofike. Pas viti 1866 Dostojevski u pranua n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb si \u201ckrijues<\/em><\/strong> i<\/strong> shpirtit<\/strong> rus\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Ekspresionist\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong> urban\u00eb e konsideronin paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb tyre. Pas tyre edhe filozof\u00ebt dhe shkrimtar\u00ebt ekzistencialist\u00eb<\/em> <\/strong>francez\u00eb Zhan-Pol Sartri <\/strong>(Jean-Paul Sartre, 1905-1980, m\u00eb 1964 refuzoi \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d) dhe laureati i \u00e7mimit \u201cNobel\u201d (1957) Alber Kamy <\/strong>(Albert Camus, 1913-1960). P\u00ebr Dostojevskin ka shkruar romancieri dhe dramaturgu francez, laureat i \u00e7mimit \u201cNobel\u201d (1947) Andre Zhid <\/strong>(Andre Gide, 1869-1951). E \u00e7monte romancieri francez Marsel Prust <\/strong>(Marcel Proust, 1871-1922).<\/p>\n

    Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Sartri thot\u00eb se njeriun nuk e cakton paraprakisht kurrfar\u00eb plani, as ndonj\u00eb ide. Se \u00e7\u2019do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet njeriu, kjo caktohet n\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn e tij, n\u00eb at\u00eb se \u00e7\u2019b\u00ebn ai nga vetja. N\u00eb zgjedhjen e ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, njeriu p\u00ebrgjigjet para vetvetes dhe para t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb interesuar me zgjedhjen e tij. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb themel t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb s\u00eb vet Sartri ka v\u00ebn\u00eb humanizmin<\/em><\/strong>, p\u00ebr arsye se refuzon t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb ekzistimin e forcave t\u00eb amshueshme<\/em> (Zotit, natyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetave t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetshme),<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Periudha e madhe e kreativitetit<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 Krijimtaria letrare e Dostojevskit i takon drejtimit letrar t\u00eb realizmit<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb vitin 1864 Dostojevski publikon romanin e shkurt\u00ebr \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d<\/em>, me rr\u00ebfim tejet intensiv. Ky roman \u00ebsht\u00eb pararend\u00ebs i veprave t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb romancierit, eseistit dhe dramaturgut francez Alber Kamy <\/strong>(Albert Camus, 1913-1960), t\u00eb shkrimtarit dhe dramaturgut kroat Miroslav K\u00ebrlezha <\/strong>(Miroslav Krle\u017ea, <\/strong>1893-1981), t\u00eb prozatorit francez Luis-Fernand Selin<\/strong> (Louis-Fernand Celine, mbiemri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Destouches, 1894-1961), apo t\u00eb prozatorit dhe dramaturgut rus Leonid Nikollaevi\u00e7<\/strong> Andreev <\/strong>(Leonid Nikolaevi\u010d Andreev, 1871-1919).<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb roman autori ka p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb prosedesh\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e ka rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb proz\u00ebn dhe ka krijuar modelin e romaneve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb do t\u00eb pasojn\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb: larjen ideologjike t\u00eb hesapeve me stereotipet utopike dhe \u201chumaniste\u201d; nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb kapitujsh eseistik\u00eb, q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb jan\u00eb dialog\u00eb sokratik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb dramatizuar, t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb atmosfer\u00eb me plot pasione dhe skandale; stilin zhurnalist me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb paraqitet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb funksionale vizioni i autorit dhe jo p\u00ebrjetimi estetik; tipologjin\u00eb psikologjike q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt e p\u00ebrvuajtur dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrulur, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Sonja Marmelladova, Alosha Karamazov, princi Mishkin; cinik\u00ebt nihilist\u00eb Sfidrigajllov, Nikollaj Stavrogin; intelektual\u00ebt radikal\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha vlerave p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb pranuara ose \u201cateist\u00ebt religjioz\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong> si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Rodion Raskollnikovi, Ivan Karamazovi, Kirilovi; f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e \u201cfamiljeve t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme\u201d<\/em> dhe njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u \u00ebsht\u00eb cenuar dinjiteti, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb heronjt\u00eb e romaneve \u201cDjaloshi i ri\u201d<\/em>, \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Dostojevski e zhvilloi teknik\u00ebn e p\u00ebrroit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes <\/em><\/strong>shum\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb se t\u00eb ishte popullarizuar n\u00eb romanin anglo-amerikan t\u00eb shekullit XX. P.sh. tregimi i gjat\u00eb \u201cKrotka\u201d<\/em>,\u00a0 \u201cIdioti\u201d<\/em> ku veprimin e ka p\u00ebrmbledhur vet\u00ebm n\u00eb disa dit\u00eb apo n\u00eb disa or\u00eb, duke e dh\u00ebn\u00eb prerjen kohore n\u00eb vet\u00ebdijen e narratorit (\u201cKrotka\u201d<\/em>). Dostojevski ka krijuar \u201croman polifonik\u201d<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, si\u00e7 e ka quajtur teoricieni letrar, gjuh\u00ebtari dhe esteti rus Mihail Bahtin <\/strong>(Mihail Mihailovi\u010d Bahtin1895-1975), n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin polifonia e luft\u00ebs ideologjike, fetare dhe filozofike q\u00eb i shqyen protagonist\u00ebt gjen shprehje, si n\u00eb vet\u00ebdijet e brendshme, ashtu edhe n\u00eb dialog\u00ebt dramatik\u00eb t\u00eb ngjeshur.<\/p>\n

    Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e romaneve t\u00eb Dostojevskit \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb mjediset e err\u00ebta t\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00ebs s\u00eb qytetit t\u00eb madh. Aty ndodhin ngjarje shqet\u00ebsuese q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtojn\u00eb romanet triviale dhe kronikat e zeza: vrasje, at\u00ebvrasje, krim, vjedhje, skandale llojesh t\u00eb ndryshme. Pasqyrohen \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtje, p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin t\u00eb mallkuara\u201d: karaktere t\u00eb s\u00eb keqes, vuajtje njer\u00ebzore, vdekja dhe pavdek\u00ebsia, ekzistimi dhe mosekzistimi i Zotit, liria dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia, fati i Rusis\u00eb dhe i Per\u00ebndimit.<\/p>\n

    Disa kritik\u00eb letrar\u00eb thon\u00eb se Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb autor kryek\u00ebput spiritual.\u00a0 Karakterizimi q\u00eb i b\u00ebn njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201csheshi ku luftojn\u00eb Zoti dhe Djalli, me jet\u00ebn e njeriut si shkak\u201d. N\u00eb tipologjin\u00eb e heroit q\u00eb e ka cekur kritiku letrar kanadez Nortrop Fraj <\/strong>(Northrop Frye, 1912-1991) n\u00eb librin \u201cAnatomia e kritik\u00ebs\u201d, <\/em>personazhet letrare l\u00ebvizin prej per\u00ebndive<\/em> dhe gjysm\u00ebper\u00ebndive mbitok\u00ebsore<\/em> ku b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb kryesisht tregimet mitike<\/em> dhe religjioze<\/em>, deri te njer\u00ebzit e thjesht\u00eb<\/em>, ku b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb romani realist<\/em>, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb diskursin e lexuesit – individ\u00ebt inferior\u00eb<\/em> q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00ebn nivelin e vlerave t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve mesatar\u00eb. Bazuar n\u00eb fjalorin e eseistit francez Blez\u00eb Paskal <\/strong>(Blaise Pascal, 1623-1662) njeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qenie m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se engj\u00eblli<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Por, personazhet e Dostojevskit shpeshher\u00eb jan\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se njer\u00ebzit e r\u00ebndomt\u00eb, her\u00eb-her\u00eb animal\u00eb<\/em>, por n\u00eb \u00e7aste ekstaze e arrijn\u00eb dhe e tejkalojn\u00eb nivelin e engj\u00ebllit. Kjo optik\u00eb e dyfisht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej fsheht\u00ebsive t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb Dostojevskit q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim: duke qen\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb n\u00ebn kafsh\u00ebn dhe mbi engj\u00ebllin<\/em>, heronjt\u00eb e tij t\u00eb ndar\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb arketipe,\u00a0 rrezatojn\u00eb me vitalitetin shpirt\u00ebror<\/em> q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb baz\u00eb e karakterit metafizik<\/em> dhe spiritual<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0 *\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Roman i madh i Dostojevskit konsiderohet \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em> (1866). \u00cbsht\u00eb vepra\u00a0 teknikisht m\u00eb e p\u00ebrsosur. Flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vrasje ideologjikisht t\u00eb motivuar<\/em>. Personazhi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb Rodion Raskollnikov, prototip i<\/em><\/strong> mbinjeriut<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb filozofit dhe poetit gjerman Fridrih Ni\u00e7e<\/strong> (Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1990). Roman i madh \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe \u201cIdioti\u201d <\/em>(1868). K\u00ebtu Dostojevski e ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb figur\u00ebn e ngjashme me t\u00eb Krishtit,<\/strong> t\u00eb princ Mishkinit, si dhe komentin realist implicit p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin e s\u00eb mir\u00ebs s\u00eb pakusht\u00ebzuar n\u00eb bot\u00ebn shekullare. \u201cMllefet\u201d \/ <\/strong>\u201cDemon\u00ebt\u201d \/ \u201cShpirtra t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201d <\/em>(1872) \u00ebsht\u00eb roman m\u00eb \u201cdostojevskian\u201d<\/em> ku flitet p\u00ebr grupin e revolucionar\u00ebve nihilist\u00eb<\/em>, vep\u00ebr e nimbusit metafizik <\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb petkun e romanit politik<\/em>. \u201cDjaloshi i ri\u201d \/ \u201cSqepverdhi\u201d <\/em>(1875) \u00ebsht\u00eb varianti rus i romanit edukativ <\/em>gjerman me plot ngjarje kaotike e q\u00eb nuk shpie, sikur bildungsromani<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb kurrfar\u00eb ekzistence qytetare t\u00eb rregulluar.<\/p>\n

    Vepra e fundit, m\u00eb voluminoze dhe m\u00eb e madhe \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1881) b\u00ebn fjal\u00eb formalisht p\u00ebr patricidin<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb familjen me baban\u00eb dhe tre v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr\u00a0 autori i ka p\u00ebrmbledhur t\u00eb gjitha temat obsesive apo q\u00eb e kan\u00eb preokupuar. P\u00ebrmbyllet me mesazhin e shpres\u00ebs: ringjalljen dhe jet\u00ebn e amshueshme.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb vitet e fundit b\u00ebri nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt. U lirua nga mang\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb materiale me t\u00eb cilat u ballafaqua gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Kishte nd\u00ebr mend t\u00eb shkruante vazhdimin e \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Karamazov\u00eb\u201d <\/em>t\u00eb planifikuar si trilogji apo\u00a0 tetralogji, por vdekja ia nd\u00ebrpreu synimin.<\/p>\n

    Gjeniu i madh vdiq m\u00eb 9 shkurt 1881 n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Peterburg, pas nj\u00eb gjakderdhjeje t\u00eb shkaktuar nga sulmi epileptik. Varrimi i tij ishte madh\u00ebshtor. Sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb autoriteteve, n\u00eb funeral mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb 100.000 njer\u00ebz, kryesisht rini studentore. Varrimi i tij u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb demonstrata kund\u00ebr carizmit, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb dykuptimt\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit ndaj regjimit si dhe \u201ckanunizimit\u201d gjysm\u00ebzyrtar t\u00eb tij nga regjimi carist.<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Dostojevski i takon rrethit m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb shkrimtar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj bot\u00ebror\u00eb, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb poeti italian Dante Aligieri <\/strong>(Dante Alighieri, 1265-1321), poeti dhe dramaturgu anglez Uillj\u00ebm Shekspir <\/strong>(William Shakespeare, 1564-1616), prozatori, dramaturgu dhe publicisti rus Leon Tolstoj <\/strong>(Lev Nikolaevi\u010d Tolstoj, 1828-1910), shkrimtari spanjoll Miguel de Servante <\/strong>(Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, 1547-1616), romancieri francez Marsel Prust <\/strong>(Marcel Proust, 1871-1922) etj.<\/p>\n

    Ndikimi<\/strong> i tij n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb nga prozatori dhe dramaturgu rus Leonid Andreev <\/strong>(Leonid Nikolaevi\u010d Andreev, 1871-1919) deri te tregimtari dhe liriku gjerman Herman Hes <\/strong>(Hermann Hesse, pseudonim i Emil Sinclair, 1877-1962), q\u00eb nga prozatori amerikan Uillj\u00ebm Fokner <\/strong>(William Faulkner, 1897-1962)) deri te tregimtari austriak Franc Kafka <\/strong>(Franz Kafka, 1883-1924), q\u00eb nga romancieri francez Marsel Prust <\/strong>(Marcel Proust, 1871-1922) deri te prozatori kolumbian Gabriel Garsia Markez <\/strong>(Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, 1927-2014).<\/p>\n

    T\u00eb rrall\u00eb jan\u00eb shkrimtar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb kan\u00eb mundur t\u2019i shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb hijes s\u00eb tij, madje as ata t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb ngritur kund\u00ebr tij, si shkrimtari dhe dramaturgu kroat Mirosllav K\u00ebrlezha <\/strong>(Miroslav Krle\u017ea, 1893-1981) dhe prozatori anglez me prejardhje polake Jozef Konrad<\/strong> (Joseph Conrad, 1857-1924). N\u00ebn ndikimin e tij jan\u00eb sidomos l\u00ebvizjet ekspresionizmi <\/em><\/strong>dhe ekzistencializmi<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Sjelljet dhe veprimet patologjike dhe skizofrenike t\u00eb personazheve t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb Dostojevskit jan\u00eb studiuar edhe n\u00eb neurologjin\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>dhe n\u00eb neuropsikiatrin\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>bashk\u00ebkohore.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    VEPRAT<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    Romanet<\/strong>: \u201c<\/em><\/strong>Njer\u00ebz t\u00eb mjer\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1846), \u201e<\/em>T\u00eb posht\u00ebruar dhe t\u00eb fyer\u201d<\/em> 1861), \u201e<\/em>Krim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em> (1866), \u201e<\/em>Kumarxhiu\u201d <\/em>(1867), \u201e<\/em>Idioti\u201d <\/em>(1868) \u201e<\/em>Mllefet\u201d <\/em>(figuron edhe si \u201eDemon\u00ebt\u201c<\/em>\u00a0ose \u201eShpirtra t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201c<\/em>, 1872), \u201eDjaloshi i ri\u201c <\/em>(ose\u00a0\u201eSqepverdhi\u201c<\/em> \u2013 \u201ePodrostok\u201c<\/em> (1875), \u201e<\/em>V\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (1880);
    \nNovelat: <\/strong>\u201e<\/em>Kipci\u201d<\/em> (1846), \u201cNet t\u00eb bardha\u201d<\/em> (1848), \u201cNeto\u00e7ka Nezvanova\u201d <\/em>(1849), e pap\u00ebrfunduar, \u201e<\/em>Sh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d <\/em>(1864);
    \nSh\u00ebnimet<\/strong>: \u201e<\/em>Sh\u00ebnime nga sht\u00ebpia e t\u00eb vdekurve\u201d <\/em>(1860-1862).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Xhelal Zejneli Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski (Fedor Mihaljlovi\u010d Dostoevskij, Mosk\u00eb, 1821 \u2013 Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg, 1881) \u00ebsht\u00eb romancier dhe novelist rus, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb e historis\u00eb s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. I \u00e7muar lart n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 * Nj\u00eb prej paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit nga ana e babait \u00ebsht\u00eb Danilo Rtish\u00e7iq, gjurma e shkruar e t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-histori","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nFJODOR MIHAJLLOVI\u00c7 DOSTOJEVSKI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FJODOR MIHAJLLOVI\u00c7 DOSTOJEVSKI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski (Fedor Mihaljlovi\u010d Dostoevskij, Mosk\u00eb, 1821 \u2013 Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg, 1881) \u00ebsht\u00eb romancier dhe novelist rus, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb e historis\u00eb s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. I \u00e7muar lart n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 * Nj\u00eb prej paraardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit nga ana e babait \u00ebsht\u00eb Danilo Rtish\u00e7iq, gjurma e shkruar e t\u00eb […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/fjala.info\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/shkoder.net\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-30T06:48:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-30T06:54:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/dostojevsky-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"488\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"27 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb\"},\"headline\":\"FJODOR MIHAJLLOVI\u00c7 DOSTOJEVSKI\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-30T06:48:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-30T06:54:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5466,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/dostojevsky-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Histori\",\"Kultur\u00eb\",\"Let\u00ebrsi\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fjodor-mihajllovic-dostojevski\\\/\",\"name\":\"FJODOR MIHAJLLOVI\u00c7 DOSTOJEVSKI - 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