{"id":59416,"date":"2020-09-04T15:43:29","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T13:43:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=59416"},"modified":"2020-09-08T10:54:28","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T08:54:28","slug":"papa-hebrenjte-dhe-sekretet-ne-arkiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/papa-hebrenjte-dhe-sekretet-ne-arkiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Papa, hebrenjt\u00eb dhe sekretet n\u00eb arkiv"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dokumentet zbulojn\u00eb diskutimet private pas heshtjes s\u00eb Papa Pius XII, rreth deportimit nazist t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1943 dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb Vatikanit pas luft\u00ebs, p\u00ebr rr\u00ebmbimin e dy djemve hebrenj, prind\u00ebrit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kishin humbur n\u00eb Holokaust.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Historia nga David I. Kertzer<\/strong>, TheAtlantic.com<\/a>, 27 gusht 2020<\/em> – P\u00ebrktheu Arben \u00c7okaj<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1953, fotografia e nj\u00eb murgeshe t\u00eb shquar q\u00eb u arrestua, u shp\u00ebrnda n\u00eb faqet e para t\u00eb gazetave franceze. Gjat\u00eb disa jav\u00ebve t\u00eb ardh\u00ebshme, klerik\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb francez\u00eb – murgjit dhe murgeshat – gjithashtu do t\u00eb arrestoheshin. Akuza: rr\u00ebmbimi i dy djemve t\u00eb rinj hebrenj, Robert dhe G\u00e9rald Finaly, prind\u00ebrit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishin zhdukur n\u00eb nj\u00eb kamp vdekjeje nazist. \u00c7\u00ebshtja shkaktoi polemik\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr publike. Le Monde<\/em>, tipike p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb mediave franceze, i kushtoi 178 artikuj n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit historis\u00eb s\u00eb dy v\u00ebllez\u00ebrve – t\u00eb pag\u00ebzuar fshehurazi n\u00ebn drejtimin e nj\u00eb gruaje katolike, q\u00eb ishte kujdesur p\u00ebr ta – dhe p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruara nga t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e mbijetuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i marr\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Ishte nj\u00eb luft\u00eb, q\u00eb vuri p\u00ebrball\u00eb komunitetin hebre t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, kaq shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nga Holokausti, kund\u00ebr hierarkis\u00eb katolike t\u00eb vendit, e cila k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulte se djemt\u00eb ishin tani katolik\u00eb dhe nuk guxonin t\u00eb rriteshin nga hebrenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb nuk dihej n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb – dhe \u00e7far\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, nuk mund t\u00eb dihej deri n\u00eb hapjen, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, t\u00eb arkivave t\u00eb Vatikanit q\u00eb mbulonte papatin e Piut XII<\/a> – \u00ebsht\u00eb roli kryesor q\u00eb Vatikani dhe vet\u00eb Papa luajt\u00ebn n\u00eb dram\u00eb e rr\u00ebmbimit. Vatikani ndihmoi p\u00ebrpjekjet e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta nga autoritetet lokale t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t’i rezistuar vendimeve t\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs Franceze dhe p\u00ebr t’i mbajtur t\u00eb fshehur djemt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb fshehu me kujdes, rolin q\u00eb Roma po luante prapa skenave.<\/p>\n

Ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb. N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj drame ishte nj\u00eb zyrtar i kuris\u00eb s\u00eb Vatikanit, i cili, si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb tani nga dokumentet e tjera t\u00eb zbuluara rishtas, ndihmoi t\u00eb bindte Pap\u00ebn Pius XII t\u00eb mos fliste n\u00eb protest\u00eb, pasi gjerman\u00ebt mblodh\u00ebn dhe d\u00ebbuan hebrenjt\u00eb e Rom\u00ebs n\u00eb 1943 – “hebrenjt\u00eb e pap\u00ebs<\/em>\u201d, si\u00e7 u ishte referuar shpesh hebrenjve n\u00eb Rom\u00eb. Heshtja e Pius XII gjat\u00eb Holokaustit ka ngjallur debate t\u00eb hidhura p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn Katolike Romake dhe hebrenjt\u00eb. Memorandumet, t\u00eb zhytura n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb antisemitike, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb diskutime n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, n\u00ebse Papa duhet t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb nj\u00eb protest\u00eb zyrtare kund\u00ebr veprimeve t\u00eb autoriteteve naziste n\u00eb Rom\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, konservator\u00ebt n\u00eb Kish\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb presion p\u00ebr kanonizimin e Pius XII si nj\u00eb shenjtor.<\/p>\n

David I. Kertzer: \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb arkivat sekrete t\u00eb Vatikanit<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dokumentet e sapo-disponueshme t\u00eb Vatikanit, t\u00eb raportuara k\u00ebtu p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, ofrojn\u00eb njohuri t\u00eb reja n\u00eb pyetjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, se si Vatikani mendoi dhe reagoi ndaj vrasjes masive t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, dhe n\u00eb mendjen e Vatikanit menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr Holokaustin, popullin hebre, dhe roli dhe prerogativat e Kish\u00ebs Katolike Romake si nj\u00eb institucion.<\/p>\n

I. Nj\u00eb Pag\u00ebzim i Fsheht\u00eb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Fritz Finaly, nj\u00eb mjek, ishte 37 vje\u00e7 dhe gruaja e tij, Anni, ishte 28 kur gjerman\u00ebt erdh\u00ebn p\u00ebr ta. Pasi ishin arratisur nga Austria, pas aneksimit t\u00eb saj nga Gjermania Naziste, n\u00eb 1938, ata kishin shpresuar t\u00eb iknin n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut, por si kaq shum\u00eb hebrenj t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb e kishin t\u00eb pamundur t\u00eb gjenin kalimin atje. Duke u vendosur n\u00eb 1939 n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet t\u00eb vog\u00ebl pak larg Grenoble, n\u00eb Franc\u00ebn juglindore, ata b\u00ebn\u00eb \u00e7mos p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr veten e tyre, megjith\u00ebse aft\u00ebsia e Fritz p\u00ebr t\u00eb praktikuar mjek\u00ebsin\u00eb u pengua nga ligjet antisemitike t\u00eb instaluara nga qeveria Vichy<\/em> e kolaboracionistit Marshall Philippe P\u00e9tain pas Pushtimi gjerman t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs m\u00eb 1940. N\u00eb 1941, lindi Roberti, f\u00ebmija i par\u00eb i Finalys, i ndjekur nga G\u00e9rald 15 muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr nj\u00eb fushate zyrtare n\u00eb rritje kund\u00ebr hebrenjve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, Finalys i b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb dy djemt\u00eb me rrethprerje, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ligjin hebre, tet\u00eb dit\u00eb pas lindjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shkurt 1944, t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr intensifikimin e grumbullimeve t\u00eb hebrejve n\u00eb Gestapo n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e tyre, Finalys vendos\u00ebn dy djemt\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7erdhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet af\u00ebr. Ata i besuan vendndodhjen e djemve shoqes s\u00eb tyre Marie Paupaert, duke i k\u00ebrkuar asaj q\u00eb t\u00eb kujdeset p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb arrestimit t\u00eb tyre. Kat\u00ebr dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, gjerman\u00ebt i mor\u00ebn Anni dhe Fritz. \u00c7ifti u transportua n\u00eb Auschwitz, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u par\u00eb m\u00eb kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

E tmerruar nga ajo q\u00eb u kishte ndodhur miqve t\u00eb saj dhe nga frika se mos gjerman\u00ebt do t\u00eb vinin n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, Marie i \u00e7oi Robertin dhe G\u00e9rald n\u00eb manastirin e Notre-Dame de Sion, n\u00eb Grenoble, me shpres\u00ebn se murgeshat do t’i fshihnin. Duke i konsideruar f\u00ebmij\u00ebt shum\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl p\u00ebr t’u kujdesur, motrat i \u00e7uan n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e \u00e7erdheve komunale, drejtoresha e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs, Antoinette Brun, e mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme dhe e pamartuar, pranoi t\u00eb kujdesej p\u00ebr ta.<\/p>\n

Pak m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shkurtit 1945, me Franc\u00ebn tani n\u00ebn kontrollin e Aleat\u00ebve, motra e Fritz Finaly Marguerite, e cila kishte gjetur strehim n\u00eb Zeland\u00ebn e Re, i shkroi kryetarit t\u00eb qytetit jasht\u00eb Grenoble, ku kishte jetuar Fritz p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar fatin t\u00eb v\u00ebllait dhe familjes s\u00eb tij. Kur d\u00ebgjoi se \u00e7far\u00eb kishte ndodhur, ajo menj\u00ebher\u00eb siguroi lejet e imigracionit p\u00ebr dy djemt\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb bashkoheshin me t\u00eb n\u00eb Zeland\u00ebn e Re. Marguerite i shkroi Brun p\u00ebr ta fal\u00ebnderuar at\u00eb p\u00ebr kujdesin e nipave t\u00eb saj dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb rregullimin e udh\u00ebtimit t\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr zhg\u00ebnjimin e Marguerite, p\u00ebrgjigjja e Brun ishte evazive dhe nuk b\u00ebri asnj\u00eb tregues se ajo do t\u00eb ndihmonte kthimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb familjen e tyre. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, duke fshehur njohurit\u00eb e saj p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e ndonj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrmi Finaly, Brun b\u00ebri q\u00eb nj\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs vendas ta em\u00ebroj\u00eb at\u00eb kujdestaren e p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb djemve, tani 3 dhe 4 vje\u00e7. (Nj\u00eb kronologji e mir\u00eb e ngjarjeve themelore t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes Finaly, si\u00e7 dihet m\u00eb par\u00eb, gjendet n\u00eb historin\u00eb franceze Catherine Poujol n\u00eb “Petite Chronique de L’affaire des Enfants Finaly”, botuar nga revista Archives Juives n\u00eb 2004<\/em>.)<\/p>\n

Vitin pasues, familja b\u00ebri nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb Robert dhe G\u00e9rald t\u00eb ktheheshin, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb duke u p\u00ebrballur personalisht me Brun. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 Marguerite, Fritz kishte edhe dy motra t\u00eb tjera – nj\u00ebra, Hedwig Rosner, jetonte n\u00eb Izrael dhe tjetra, Louise, si Marguerite, jetonte n\u00eb Zeland\u00ebn e Re. Fritz kishte gjithashtu nj\u00eb v\u00eblla m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, Richard, i cili kishte mbetur n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb dhe ishte zhdukur n\u00eb Holokaust. Por gruaja e Richard, Auguste, kishte ikur n\u00eb siguri n\u00eb Britani. Auguste tani udh\u00ebtoi p\u00ebr n\u00eb Grenoble dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebngjesin e 25 tetorit 1946, ajo u shfaq n\u00eb pragun e Brun. Kishte qen\u00eb d\u00ebshira e Fritz, kunata e tij i tha Brunit, se n\u00ebse di\u00e7ka do t\u2019i ndodhte atij dhe Annit, motrat e tij do t\u00eb kujdeseshin p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb. Ajo u lut me Brun p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar keqardhje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb familje, q\u00eb ishte shkat\u00ebrruar keq koh\u00ebt e fundit. P\u00ebr tronditjen e Auguste, Brun u b\u00eb armiq\u00ebsore. “P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha lutjet dhe p\u00ebrgj\u00ebrimet e mia<\/em>,” kujtoi tezja e djemve m\u00eb von\u00eb, “ajo kishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirshme dhe vazhdimisht p\u00ebrs\u00ebriste: ‘Hebrenjt\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs’. Ajo kurr\u00eb nuk do t’i kthente djemt\u00eb, tha ajo.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

Lexoni: Pse disa katolik\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb rr\u00ebmbimin e nj\u00eb djali hebre<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

P\u00ebr shum\u00eb muaj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, Marguerite provoi \u00e7do rrug\u00eb q\u00eb mundi q\u00eb t\u00eb merrte nipat e saj. Ajo i d\u00ebrgoi lutje kryetarit t\u00eb bashkis\u00eb lokale n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, ministrit t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm francez dhe Kryqit t\u00eb Kuq. Me nxitjen e Marguerite, peshkopi i Auckland i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb peshkopit t\u00eb Grenoble p\u00ebrmes kryepeshkopit t\u00eb Westminsterit, duke i k\u00ebrkuar atij t\u00eb shqyrtonte \u00e7\u00ebshtjen. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen e tij, n\u00eb korrik 1948, peshkopi shpjegoi se ai kishte pasur nj\u00eb bised\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me Brun, por ajo mbeti e vendosur n\u00eb refuzimin e saj p\u00ebr t’ia dh\u00ebn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt familjes s\u00eb tyre. Ai nuk b\u00ebri asnj\u00eb ofert\u00eb ndihme vet\u00eb, mbase i ndikuar nga fakti se ai kishte m\u00ebsuar at\u00eb q\u00eb askush n\u00eb familje nuk e dinte akoma: Kat\u00ebr muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb, Brun i kishte pag\u00ebzuar dy djemt\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se sipas ligjit t\u00eb kanunit ata tani do t\u00eb konsideroheshin nga Kisha Katolike Romake t\u00eb jen\u00eb Katolik\u00eb dhe n\u00ebn doktrin\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs, prej nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nuk mund t’u ktheheshin t\u00eb af\u00ebrmve t\u00eb tyre Hebrenj. Kur familja m\u00ebsoi p\u00ebr pag\u00ebzimin, ata iu drejtuan p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb nj\u00eb shoku hebre familjar q\u00eb jetonte n\u00eb Grenoble, Mo\u00efse Keller. T\u00eb irrituara nga v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr kauz\u00ebn e tyre nga ana tjet\u00ebr e bot\u00ebs, motrat n\u00eb Zeland\u00ebn e Re vendos\u00ebn se do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb mir\u00eb, n\u00ebse motra e Fritz n\u00eb Izrael, Hedwig Rosner, t\u00eb merrte drejtimin.<\/p>\n

Me ndihm\u00ebn e Keller, familja Finaly e \u00e7oi \u00e7\u00ebshtjen n\u00eb gjyq, por gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb ardhshme Brun vazhdoi t\u00eb mos pranonte t’i bindej nj\u00eb serie urdhrash gjyq\u00ebsor\u00eb, q\u00eb i jepnin Rosner kujdestarin\u00eb e nipave t\u00eb saj. Megjith\u00ebse shtypi katolik m\u00eb von\u00eb do ta paraqiste Brun si nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb, gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viteve f\u00ebmij\u00ebt nuk jetonin me t\u00eb, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri institucionesh katolike. Roberti dhe G\u00e9rald m\u00eb von\u00eb treguan se e kishin par\u00eb Brun vet\u00ebm disa her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, p\u00ebr vizita t\u00eb shkurtra. Duke mbrojtur djemt\u00eb nga autoritetet, deri n\u00eb 1952 murgeshat q\u00eb ndihmonin Brun kishin rregulluar t’i vendosnin n\u00ebn emra t\u00eb trilluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb katolike n\u00eb Marsej\u00eb. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, djemt\u00eb ishin 10 dhe 11 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb dokument i Vatikanit, i sapo zbuluar q\u00eb vjen nga burime t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs n\u00eb Grenoble ofron pasqyr\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebto muaj, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se n\u00eb korrik 1952 nj\u00eb gjykat\u00eb lokale kishte konfirmuar kujdestarin\u00eb e Hedwig Rosner ndaj nipave t\u00eb saj dhe urdh\u00ebroi Brun q\u00eb t’i jepte djemt\u00eb te p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi i Rosner, Mo\u00efse Keller. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri Brun refuzoi. Dokumenti i Vatikanit v\u00ebren, “Q\u00ebndrimi i saj, i nxitur nga nd\u00ebrgjegjia e saj, nga fakti se djemt\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb, miratohet nga Shk\u00eblqesia e Tij Kardinali Gerlier<\/em>” – kryepeshkopi i Lionit, kryepeshkopata e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Grenoble. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, N\u00ebna Antonine, eprorja e shkoll\u00ebs me konvikt, e lidhur me manastirin Notre-Dame de Sion, mori rolin kryesor n\u00eb mbajtjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb fshehur. Ajo u mb\u00ebshtet, sipas tregimit t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga Grenoble p\u00ebr pap\u00ebn, “nga direktivat e Shk\u00eblqesis\u00eb s\u00eb Tij Kardinalin Gerlier<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb n\u00ebntor 1952, gjykata lokale franceze vendosi t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb urdhrin e saj, q\u00eb Brun t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb djemt\u00eb Finaly, n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendimi nga Gjykata e Apelit n\u00eb Grenoble, e planifikuar p\u00ebr n\u00eb janar 1953. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, Kardinali Gerlier po b\u00ebhej i shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr pozicionin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ai e gjeti veten. Shtypi e kishte kapur historin\u00eb. Tani, nd\u00ebrsa i shkroi pap\u00ebs n\u00eb mes t\u00eb janarit 1953, n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb arkivat e sapohapura t\u00eb Vatikanit, ai kishte frik\u00eb se cili do t\u00eb ishte reagimi i shtypit, n\u00ebse gjykata e apelit vendoste kund\u00ebr Brun dhe Kish\u00ebs: “Serioziteti i problemit rezulton ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga fakti se nj\u00eb agjitacion i thell\u00eb i opinionit publik po krijohet dhe po rritet rreth k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje. Shtypi hebre, shtypi antikristian dhe shum\u00eb prej gazetave kryesore neutrale, po e kapin k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje. Komunist\u00ebt e Grenoble po p\u00ebrfshihen gjithashtu<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Kryepeshkopi m\u00eb pas erdhi n\u00eb pyetjen kryesore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn po i drejtohej pap\u00ebs dhe Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr udh\u00ebzim: \u201cN\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, a duhet k\u00ebshilluar q\u00eb dikush t\u00eb refuzoj\u00eb, \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb, t\u00eb kthej\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i p\u00ebrkasin Kish\u00ebs nga pag\u00ebzimi i tyre dhe besimi i t\u00eb cilit, sipas t\u00eb gjitha gjasave, mezi do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t’i rezistonte ndikimit t\u00eb mjedisit hebre, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ktheheshin?<\/em>” \u00c7\u00ebshtja, p\u00ebrfundoi kryepeshkopi, \u00ebsht\u00eb “jasht\u00ebzakonisht urgjente<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

\"\"Getty \/ Paul Spella \/ The Atlantic<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb, nj\u00eb nga kongregacionet kryesore q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb curia romake<\/em>, u themelua si Kongregata e Inkuizicionit Romak dhe Universal n\u00eb shekullin e 16-t\u00eb si pjes\u00eb e betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Kish\u00ebs kund\u00ebr herezis\u00eb. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, kur u referua thjesht\u00eb si Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb, ajo vazhdoi t\u00eb funksiononte si organi i Vatikanit p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr sigurimin e aderimit n\u00eb doktrin\u00ebn zyrtare t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs. Ai do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb emrin e tij edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb 1965 dhe tani njihet si Kongregacioni p\u00ebr Doktrin\u00ebn e Besimit<\/em>. P\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb, nj\u00eb nga funksionet e tij ishte t\u00eb siguronte q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt hebrenj t\u00eb pag\u00ebzuar, t\u00eb mos binin n\u00eb m\u00ebkatin vdekjeprur\u00ebs t\u00eb apostazis\u00eb, duke u kthyer n\u00eb besimin e tyre hebre. Megjith\u00ebse u konsiderua e paligjshme n\u00eb rrethana normale t\u00eb pag\u00ebzosh nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb kund\u00ebr d\u00ebshirave t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve, pasi nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb u pag\u00ebzua, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme apo t\u00eb paligjshme, pag\u00ebzimi i konsideruar i vlefsh\u00ebm dhe doktrina e Kish\u00ebs duhej t\u00eb ndiqej.<\/p>\n

Lexoni: A mundet Vatikani t’i mbijetoj\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb mediave dixhitale?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr i till\u00eb kishte t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen e bot\u00ebs. N\u00eb 1858, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb dhe Papa n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Pius IX, m\u00ebsuan se nj\u00eb djal\u00eb hebre 6-vje\u00e7ar n\u00eb Bolonj\u00eb, Itali, ishte pag\u00ebzuar fshehurazi nga sh\u00ebrbyesja e krishter\u00eb analfabete e familjes, e cila tha se kishte frik\u00eb se djali ishte duke vdekur. Ata udh\u00ebzuan policin\u00eb e Shteteve Papnore, pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ishte Bolonja, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur f\u00ebmij\u00ebn, emri i t\u00eb cilit ishte Edgardo Mortara. Djali u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb nj\u00eb institucion t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs n\u00eb Rom\u00eb i krijuar p\u00ebr konvertimin e hebrenjve dhe mysliman\u00ebve. Nd\u00ebrsa hebrenjt\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb tokat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat papa sundonte si mbret kishin jetuar prej koh\u00ebsh me frik\u00ebn e nj\u00eb fati t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre, koh\u00ebt po ndryshonin dhe rr\u00ebmbimi i Edgardo nisi nj\u00eb protest\u00eb mbar\u00ebbot\u00ebrore. Pavar\u00ebsisht presionit, papa refuzoi q\u00eb f\u00ebmija t\u00eb lirohet. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, Edgardo Mortara u b\u00eb nj\u00eb murg, duke udh\u00ebtuar n\u00ebp\u00ebr Evrop\u00eb dhe Amerik\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa predikonte n\u00eb disa gjuh\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb konvertonte hebrenjt\u00eb. (Un\u00eb e rr\u00ebfeva k\u00ebt\u00eb histori n\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb vitit 1997, Rr\u00ebmbimi i Edgardo Mortar\u00ebs<\/a> dhe mbulova nj\u00eb aspekt tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb Atlantikut t\u00eb vitit 2018<\/a>.<\/em>) N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb trondit\u00ebse, pozicioni i Kish\u00ebs p\u00ebr pag\u00ebzimin mbetet i pandryshuar edhe tani: \u201cNj\u00eb foshnj\u00eb e prind\u00ebrve katolik\u00eb ose madje e prind\u00ebrve jo-katolik\u00eb pag\u00ebzohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme n\u00eb rrezik vdekje edhe kund\u00ebr vullnetit t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

II. “V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e Padiskutueshme t\u00eb Shkaktuara nga Judaizmi”<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja Finaly nuk ishte ndryshe nga ajo e Edgardo Mortara. T\u00eb dy p\u00ebrfshinin pag\u00ebzimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl hebrenj, pa njohuri familjare. T\u00eb dy p\u00ebrfshinin doktrin\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs q\u00eb mbahej prej koh\u00ebsh se f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, tani konsiderohen katolik\u00eb, nuk guxojn\u00eb t\u00eb rriten nga familjet hebreje. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, pas Holokaustit, shum\u00eb\u00e7ka kishte ndryshuar. Pothuajse dy t\u00eb tretat e hebrenjve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs sapo ishin vrar\u00eb. Mij\u00ebra jetim\u00eb hebrenj u shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr kontinent. Shum\u00eb prej tyre ishin fshehur n\u00eb kuvende, manastire dhe kisha, si dhe n\u00eb familjet katolike. N\u00eb qershor t\u00eb vitit 1945, organizata kryesore franceze p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve vler\u00ebsoi se vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Franc\u00eb rreth 1,200 f\u00ebmij\u00eb hebrenj mbet\u00ebn n\u00eb familje ose institucione jo-hebreje. Mendohej se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr shum\u00eb m\u00eb i madh ishin shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Polonin\u00eb, Holland\u00ebn dhe vendet e tjera. (Historiani kanadez Michael Marrus dha nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb situat\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb Commonweal t\u00eb vitit 2006, “T\u00eb Zhdukurit: Holokausti, Kisha dhe Jetim\u00ebt \u00c7ifut\u00eb.\u201d<\/em>)<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs q\u00eb i kishin mbijetuar luft\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb q\u00eb po shikonin, ideja q\u00eb mij\u00ebra prej atyre f\u00ebmij\u00ebve jetim\u00eb mund t\u00eb humbnin p\u00ebr familjet e tyre dhe p\u00ebr popullin hebre, provokoi frik\u00eb dhe inat. Kujtimi i rasteve si ai i Edgardo Mortara-s kishte ngulitur nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dyshimi ndaj nj\u00eb Kishe, vet\u00eb doktrinat e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e kthimit te familjet e tyre Hebreje t\u00eb \u00e7do f\u00ebmije q\u00eb ishte pag\u00ebzuar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Papa Pius XII, i cili lexoi lutjen e Kardinalit Gerlier p\u00ebr udh\u00ebzim n\u00eb janar 1953, \u00e7\u00ebshtja nuk ishte nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e re. M\u00eb 21 shtator 1945, sekretari i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Kongresit Bot\u00ebror Hebre, L\u00e9on Kubowitzki, kishte ardhur p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb dy k\u00ebrkesa. S\u00eb pari<\/em>, Kubowitzki i kishte k\u00ebrkuar pap\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebshonte nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb publike duke denoncuar antisemitizmin. “Ne do ta konsiderojm\u00eb at\u00eb<\/em>“, ishte p\u00ebrgjigjur Papa, megjith\u00ebse ai n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte ndonj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. Lideri hebre at\u00ebher\u00eb kishte ardhur n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, duke k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00ebn e pap\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb jetim\u00ebt hebrenj t\u00eb Holokaustit q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb vendet katolike t\u00eb ktheheshin n\u00eb komunitetin hebre. “Ne do t’i kushtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen ton\u00eb<\/em>“, kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb Papa, duke k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb vizitori i tij t’i d\u00ebrgonte “disa statistika<\/em>” p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/p>\n

Disa muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb 10 mars 1946, papa priti nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr vizitor t\u00eb shquar hebre, kryeparbanin me origjin\u00eb polake, me mjek\u00ebr t\u00eb trash\u00eb t\u00eb Palestin\u00ebs, Isaac Herzog<\/em>. Vizita e Herzog erdhi si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb misioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb gjetjen e jetim\u00ebve hebrenj t\u00eb humbur t\u00eb Holokaustit. Do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb e madhe, tha rabini, n\u00ebse papa do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb lutje publike p\u00ebr prift\u00ebrinjt\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs, duke i thirrur ata t\u00eb zbulonin vendndodhjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve hebrenj jetim\u00eb, q\u00eb mbet\u00ebn n\u00eb duart e familjeve dhe institucioneve katolike. Duke shprehur simpati p\u00ebr katastrof\u00ebn, q\u00eb u kishte ndodhur hebrejve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, papa tha vet\u00ebm se do ta shqyrtonte \u00e7\u00ebshtjen dhe i k\u00ebrkoi rabinit q\u00eb t’i siguronte nj\u00eb memorandum t\u00eb detajuar mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebri papa m\u00eb tej nuk ka qen\u00eb e njohur, deri n\u00eb hapjen e arkivave t\u00eb Vatikanit k\u00ebt\u00eb vit. Herzog u kthye n\u00eb Vatikan n\u00eb 12 Mars me memorandumin, q\u00eb Papa kishte k\u00ebrkuar dhe iu drejtua Sekretariatit t\u00eb Shtetit. Pas vdekjes, n\u00eb 1944, i sekretarit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shtetit, Kardinalit Luigi Maglione, Pius XII kishte nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb hapin e pazakont\u00eb t\u00eb mos caktimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsi, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebs midis dy kryeparlamentar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, Domenico Tardini dhe Giovanni Battista Montini. Ishte Montini – Papa i ardhsh\u00ebm Paul VI – t\u00eb cilit papa m\u00eb von\u00eb do t’i besonte administrimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes Finaly. N\u00eb syt\u00eb e Montinit dhe t\u00eb pap\u00ebs, ishte nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb shihej si ekspert i Sekretariatit t\u00eb Shtetit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7\u00ebshtjet hebraike. Ky ishte Imzot Angelo Dell\u2019Acqua dhe ishte Dell\u2019Acqua, me t\u00eb cilin u drejtua rabini t\u00eb takohej.<\/p>\n

Lexoni: Inteligjenca artificiale po hap arkivat sekrete t\u00eb Vatikanit<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

P\u00ebrmbledhje e q\u00ebndrimeve t\u00eb Dell\u2019Acqua ndaj hebrenjve tani \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr ne, fal\u00eb dokumenteve nga arkivat. M\u00eb treguesja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pal\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e memorandumeve t\u00eb shkruara nd\u00ebrsa papa konsideroi, n\u00ebse ai duhej t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrte ndonj\u00eb veprim – ose t\u00eb b\u00ebnte ndonj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb – pas p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb Gestapos, n\u00eb 16 tetor 1943, t\u00eb nj\u00eb mij\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs p\u00ebr deportimin n\u00eb Auschwitz. Q\u00eb nga ai shtator, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e Italis\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn kontrollin gjerman, t\u00eb ndihmuar nga nj\u00eb qeveri kukull e udh\u00ebhequr nga Mussolini, e krijuar n\u00eb veri. Rrethimi i gjerman\u00ebve t\u00eb getos s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr romake dhe kursimi i tyre me or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra ndaj hebrenjve t\u00eb tmerruar kishin qen\u00eb traumatike p\u00ebr romak\u00ebt dhe i paraqit\u00ebn pap\u00ebs nj\u00eb problem. Megjith\u00ebse ai kishte nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb zbeht\u00eb t\u00eb Adolf Hitlerit, si\u00e7 diskutoj n\u00eb librin tim Papa dhe Musolini, ai gjithashtu ishte i dhembshur p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur zem\u00ebrimin e tij dhe ishte i etur p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb p\u00ebrzem\u00ebrta me gjerman\u00ebt, q\u00eb pushtuan Rom\u00ebn dhe vullneti i mir\u00eb i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ndihmoi n\u00eb mbajtjen e Qytetit t\u00eb Vatikanit i pad\u00ebmtuar. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb mij\u00eb hebrenj – kryesisht gra, f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe burra t\u00eb moshuar – po mbaheshin p\u00ebr dy dit\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompleks nd\u00ebrtesash ngjitur me Vatikanin, n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb d\u00ebbimit. Papa e dinte mir\u00eb se nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur mund t\u00eb shihej si nj\u00eb heqje dor\u00eb nga p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e tij morale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, ai gjykoi se ishte e matur t\u00eb ngrinte z\u00ebrin. Hebrenjt\u00eb u fut\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb tren p\u00ebr n\u00eb Auschwitz – dhe vdekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 disa prej tyre. Pas k\u00ebsaj ngjarje traumatike, dhe mes nj\u00eb grumbullimi t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb hebrenjve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Italin\u00eb e kontrolluar nga Gjermania, emisari jezuit i Pap\u00ebs, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb regjimin Fashist Italian, At Pietro Tacchi Venturi, propozoi q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb lloj proteste e Vatikanit. Ajo q\u00eb ai sugjeroi ishte prezantimi i nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhjeje autoriteteve gjermane – n\u00eb kontekstin e nj\u00eb takimi privat, jo t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar si nj\u00eb dokument publik – duke i thirrur ata t’i jepnin fund fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre vras\u00ebse kund\u00ebr hebrenjve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb. Dy muaj pas d\u00ebbimit t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs, ai shkoi aq larg, sa shkroi nj\u00eb draft t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb thoshte deklarata zyrtare. Teksti q\u00eb ai shkruajti, i zbuluar rishtas n\u00eb arkiv\u00eb dhe ribotuar fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb fund t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli, titullohej “Sh\u00ebnim verbal p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn hebraike n\u00eb Itali<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Thirrja e lutjes ishte larg nga pro-hebreje. Deklarata e propozuar e Vatikanit argumentonte se ligjet racore t\u00eb Musolinit, t\u00eb vendosura pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, kishin mbajtur me sukses hebrenjt\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e tyre t\u00eb duhur dhe si rezultat nuk kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme q\u00eb t\u00eb merrej kund\u00ebr tyre. Hebrenjt\u00eb e Italis\u00eb, argumentoi Tacchi Venturi, nuk paraqit\u00ebn arsyet e shqet\u00ebsimit serioz t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, q\u00eb ata qart\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb diku tjet\u00ebr. As nuk kishin shkaktuar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn armiq\u00ebsi nga pjesa m\u00eb e madhe “Ariane<\/em>” e popullsis\u00eb, q\u00eb Hebrenjt\u00eb krijuan n\u00eb vendet e tjera. Kjo pjes\u00ebrisht sepse kishte kaq pak hebrenj italian\u00eb dhe pjes\u00ebrisht sepse kaq shum\u00eb prej tyre ishin martuar me t\u00eb krishter\u00eb. Ligjet e reja q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb hebrenjt\u00eb e Italis\u00eb n\u00eb kampet e p\u00ebrqendrimit, Jezuit\u00ebt k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul\u00ebn, ofenduan “sensin e mir\u00eb t\u00eb popullit Italian<\/em>“, i cili besonte se “Ligji racor i sanksionuar nga Qeveria Fashiste kund\u00ebr Hebrenjve pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur pakic\u00ebn e vog\u00ebl hebreje brenda kufijve t\u00eb duhur<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tacchi Venturi shkroi, “P\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye, ushqehet besimi i patundur se Qeveria Gjermane do t\u00eb d\u00ebshiroj\u00eb t\u00eb heq\u00eb dor\u00eb nga deportimi i Hebrenjve, qoft\u00eb kjo e b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodhi tetorin e kaluar, apo ato t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga individ\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm<\/em>.” Ai u kthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb argumentin e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm:<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Itali, me ligjin e lartp\u00ebrmendur racor t\u00eb vitit 1938, t\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar me rigorozitet, shqet\u00ebsimet e padiskutueshme t\u00eb shkaktuara nga Judaizmi kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dominuar ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb kredi t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb komb tashm\u00eb ishin kujdesur. Por meqen\u00ebse aktualisht kjo nuk po ndodh n\u00eb Itali, nuk e kupton pse dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nevoje ka p\u00ebr t’u kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Qeveria e Musolinit konsideroi se tashm\u00eb ishte kujdesur.<\/p>\n

A mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb papa i heshtur, n\u00ebse vazhdon deportimi i hebrenjve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb n\u00eb kampet e vdekjes? Duke shqyrtuar k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje, mesazhi i propozuar autoriteteve gjermane – p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, p\u00ebr t’u dh\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm verbalisht – p\u00ebrfundoi duke ngritur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb Vatikani t\u00eb fliste publikisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment: “N\u00ebse dikush rinovon masat e ashpra kund\u00ebr pakic\u00ebs minimale hebreje, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb fes\u00eb katolike” – dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, hebrenj q\u00eb ishin konvertuar n\u00eb katolik\u00eb, por ende konsideroheshin si hebrenj nga autoritetet gjermane dhe italiane – “si do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje Kisha t\u00eb hesht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mos qaj\u00eb me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, para gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs, fati i burrave dhe grave jo fajtor\u00eb p\u00ebr asnj\u00eb krim ndaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk mundet, pa d\u00ebshtuar t\u00eb kryej\u00eb misionin e saj hyjnor, t\u00eb mohoj\u00eb dhembshurin\u00eb dhe gjith\u00eb kujdesin e saj p\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebn?”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Me marrjen e protest\u00ebs s\u00eb propozuar, Pius XII i kujdessh\u00ebm iu drejtua Dell’Acqua p\u00ebr k\u00ebshilla. Dell’Acqua u p\u00ebrgjigj shpejt, duke i d\u00ebrguar Pap\u00ebs nj\u00eb kritik\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb (gjithashtu e sapo zbuluar, dhe paraqitur fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb fund t\u00eb k\u00ebtij artikulli) dy dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, duke k\u00ebshilluar t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrdorte deklarat\u00ebn verbale t\u00eb Tacchi Venturi, jo m\u00eb pak sepse, sipas mendimit t\u00eb Dell’Acqua, ishte tep\u00ebr dashamir\u00ebse p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb. “P\u00ebrndjekja e hebrenjve q\u00eb Selia e Shenjt\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb d\u00ebnon \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb<\/em>,” k\u00ebshilloi Papa Dell’Acqua, “ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur kryhet me metoda t\u00eb caktuara, dhe krejt tjet\u00ebr gj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb jesh i kujdessh\u00ebm ndaj ndikimit t\u00eb hebrenjve: kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mjaft i volitsh\u00ebm.<\/em>” N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, revista jezuite e mbik\u00ebqyrur nga Vatikani, La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica, kishte paralajm\u00ebruar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn e ligjeve qeveritare, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar t\u00eb drejtat e hebrenjve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbronte shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e krishter\u00eb nga p\u00ebr\u00e7mimet e tyre t\u00eb pretenduara.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, mendoi imzot, nuk ishte e men\u00e7ur q\u00eb Vatikani t\u00eb thoshte, si\u00e7 kishte propozuar Tacchi Venturi, se nuk ekzistonte asnj\u00eb “mjedis arian<\/em>” n\u00eb Itali, q\u00eb ishte “armiq\u00ebsisht i vendosur ndaj mjedisit hebre<\/em>“. Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, shkroi Dell\u2019Acqua, “nuk kishte munges\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Rom\u00ebs t\u00eb masave t\u00eb miratuara nga Papa, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar ndikimin e hebrenjve<\/em>“. Ai gjithashtu b\u00ebri thirrje p\u00ebr padurimin e pap\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos kund\u00ebrshtuar gjerman\u00ebt. \u201cN\u00eb Sh\u00ebnim theksohet keqtrajtimi, t\u00eb cilit gjoja po i n\u00ebnshtrohen hebrenjt\u00eb nga Autoritetet Gjermane. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, por a \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti ta thuash kaq hapur n\u00eb nj\u00eb Sh\u00ebnim?<\/em>” Ishte m\u00eb s\u00eb miri, p\u00ebrfundoi ai, q\u00eb e gjith\u00eb ideja e nj\u00eb prezantimi zyrtar t\u00eb Vatikanit t\u00eb braktiset. M\u00eb mir\u00eb, ai k\u00ebshilloi, t\u00eb fliste me terma m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm me ambasadorin gjerman n\u00eb Selin\u00eb e Shenjt\u00eb, “duke i rekomanduar atij q\u00eb situata tashm\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb e hebrenjve t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohej m\u00eb tej<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Dell’Acqua, i cili, gjat\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes Finaly, vet\u00eb do t\u00eb ngrihej n\u00eb grad\u00ebn sostituto<\/em> t\u00eb Sekretariatit t\u00eb Shtetit, nj\u00eb nga pozitat m\u00eb prestigjioze n\u00eb Vatikan, dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej vikari kardinal i Rom\u00ebs, i dha fund nj\u00eb memo p\u00ebr pap\u00ebn me k\u00ebshilla p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vazhdonin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin aq shum\u00eb zhurm\u00eb p\u00ebr rreziqet me t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballeshin dhe tmerret q\u00eb kishin provuar tashm\u00eb: \u201cDikush duhet gjithashtu t’ua b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb ditur Signori hebrej, q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb flasimn pak m\u00eb pak dhe t\u00eb veproj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb maturi<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ishte ky prelat, i cili u takua me Isaac Herzog<\/em>, krye-rabini i Palestin\u00ebs, pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb memo t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb gjetur tani n\u00eb arkivat e Vatikanit, Dell\u2019Acqua tregoi p\u00ebr takimin dhe shqyrtoi argumentet e rabbit p\u00ebr pap\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt hebrenj t\u00eb ktheheshin. “F\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb fjal\u00eb<\/em>,” tha rabini, “jan\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe jetim\u00eb (prind\u00ebrit e tyre u vran\u00eb nga nazist\u00ebt), t\u00eb gjetur ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Poloni; t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, megjithat\u00eb, jan\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb Belgjik\u00eb, Holland\u00eb dhe Franc\u00eb.<\/em>\u201d Rabini, njoftoi Dell\u2019Acqua, k\u00ebrkoi q\u00eb Ati i Shenjt\u00eb – ose, n\u00ebse jo personalisht Papa, Vatikani – t\u00eb l\u00ebshoj\u00eb nj\u00eb thirrje publike p\u00ebr lirimin e djemve. “Kjo<\/em>,” i tha rabini, “do ta leht\u00ebsonte jasht\u00ebzakonisht shum\u00eb detyr\u00ebn ton\u00eb.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

David I. Kertzer: \u2018Kujtimet\u2019 e doktoruara t\u00eb nj\u00eb djali hebre t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbyer nga Vatikani<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pasi raportoi k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e rabinit, Dell’Acqua ofroi k\u00ebshillat e tij se si duhet t’i p\u00ebrgjigjet papa atij, q\u00eb ai e quajti k\u00ebt\u00eb “problem mjaft delikat<\/em>“. Ai filloi duke p\u00ebrjashtuar \u00e7do deklarat\u00eb publike nga papa ose Vatikani. “As nuk do t\u00eb sugjeroja t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjesha me nj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb Sekretariatit t\u00eb Shtetit drejtuar Krye Rabbit sepse me siguri do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej nga propaganda hebraike.<\/em>” P\u00ebrkundrazi, kursi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb, k\u00ebshilloi Dell\u2019Acqua, ishte thjesht udh\u00ebzimi i delegatit papnor n\u00eb Jeruzalem p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme verbale, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se do t\u00eb ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb shqyrtohej secili rast ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7. Asgj\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb shkruhet me shkrim. K\u00ebt\u00eb urdh\u00ebroi Papa t\u00eb b\u00ebhej.<\/p>\n

III. “K\u00ebshilloni Gruan q\u00eb t\u00eb Rezistoj\u00eb”<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u00eb 17 janar 1953, Pius XII d\u00ebrgoi k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn urgjente t\u00eb Kardinalit Gerlier p\u00ebr udh\u00ebzime mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly n\u00eb Zyr\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr mendimin e saj. Megjith\u00ebse papa ishte titullar i Kongregat\u00ebs s\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, kardinal\u00ebt q\u00eb e krijuan at\u00eb, s\u00eb bashku me kuadrin e k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebve teologjik\u00eb q\u00eb i k\u00ebshilluan ata, u takuan ve\u00e7mas dhe zakonisht i d\u00ebrguan rekomandimet e tyre pap\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes Imzot Montini. Nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim i Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb i zbuluar n\u00eb arkiv, me sa duket i shkruar nga nj\u00eb prej konsulent\u00ebve, ofronte nj\u00eb sfond historik: “Sipas praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, deri n\u00eb shtypjen e Shteteve Papnore n\u00eb 1870, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt hebre q\u00eb pag\u00ebzoheshin pa lejen e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tyre nuk ktheheshin<\/em>\u201d. Duke pasur parasysh sensin e urgjenc\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb nga Kardinali Gerlier, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb mori menj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly. Si\u00e7 ishte zakon, kardinal\u00ebt iu drejtuan s\u00eb pari grupit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb konsulent\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Kisha, k\u00ebshilluan k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebt, duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet e mundshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt Finaly t\u00eb kthehen n\u00eb familjen e tyre hebreje. N\u00ebse \u00e7\u00ebshtja gjyq\u00ebsore franceze vendos kund\u00ebr Antoinette Brun dhe i jep kujdestarin\u00eb tez\u00ebs s\u00eb djemve, “duhet t\u00eb shtyhet ekzekutimi i saj p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur, duke apeluar n\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebn e Kasacionit dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb gjitha mjetet e tjera ligjore<\/em>“. N\u00ebse vendimi p\u00ebrfundimtar i gjykat\u00ebs shkon at\u00ebher\u00eb kund\u00ebr Kish\u00ebs, k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebt shkruanin, “k\u00ebshillojn\u00eb gruan q\u00eb t\u00eb rezistoj\u00eb\u2026 n\u00ebse gruaja nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb d\u00ebmtime serioze personale dhe nuk do t\u00eb kishte frik\u00eb nga d\u00ebmtime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Sekretari kardinal i Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb m\u00eb pas i shkroi direkt, n\u00eb fr\u00ebngjisht, Kardinalit Gerlier, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb vendimin:<\/p>\n

Rreziqet p\u00ebr besimin e tyre, n\u00ebse i kthehen k\u00ebsaj teze hebreje, k\u00ebrkon shqyrtim t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pasojat e m\u00ebposhtme:
\n– me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb hyjnore, k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjedhin dhe ata kan\u00eb zgjedhur fen\u00eb, q\u00eb siguron sh\u00ebndetin e shpirtit t\u00eb tyre;
\n– ligji i kanunit njeh p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb arritur mosh\u00ebn e arsyes [mosha 7] t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur t\u00eb ardhmen e tyre fetare;
\n– kisha ka detyr\u00ebn e patjet\u00ebrsueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur zgjedhjen e lir\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, me pag\u00ebzimin e tyre, i p\u00ebrkasin asaj.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte kjo, sekretari kardinal i Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb e k\u00ebshilloi Gerlierin, u shkrua n\u00eb opinionin q\u00eb k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebt kishin ofruar, t\u00eb cilin ai e bashkangjiti.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, N\u00ebn\u00eb Antonine, nga frika se vendimi i ardhsh\u00ebm i gjykat\u00ebs do t\u00eb shkonte kund\u00ebr tyre, e b\u00ebri motr\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb merrte djemt\u00eb Finaly n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb me konvikt katolik m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 kilometra nga Grenoble, n\u00eb Bayonne, pran\u00eb kufirit Spanjoll dhe t’i regjistronte n\u00ebn emra t\u00eb rrem\u00eb. Frika e saj u tregua e mrekullueshme. M\u00eb 29 janar 1953, gjykata urdh\u00ebroi Brun t\u00eb arrestohej p\u00ebr d\u00ebshtimin n\u00eb paraqitjen e djemve. Brun do t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte n\u00eb burg n\u00eb Grenoble p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb jav\u00ebt e ardhshme. E informuar se policia tani po k\u00ebrkonte Robertin dhe G\u00e9rald dhe kishin frik\u00eb se nuk do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, N\u00ebn\u00eb Antonina u kthye n\u00eb Bayonne p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar \u00e7\u00ebshtjen me peshkopin vendas. Dy dit\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj vizite, djemt\u00eb u zhduk\u00ebn. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj, N\u00ebn\u00eb Antonine, e akuzuar p\u00ebr rr\u00ebmbim, u burgos vet\u00eb. Fotografi e arrestimit t\u00eb saj dhe misteri i asaj q\u00eb kishte ndodhur me djemt\u00eb Finaly nisi at\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb muaj me interes publik t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb jav\u00ebve t\u00eb ardhshme, m\u00eb shum\u00eb murgj dhe murgesha do t\u00eb arrestoheshin dhe burgoseshin, t\u00eb akuzuar p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrje n\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00eb klerikale, q\u00eb kishte shpirt\u00ebruar djemt\u00eb p\u00ebrtej kufirit spanjoll n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb vendit bask t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 24 shkurt, pas vendimit t\u00eb gjykat\u00ebs franceze dhe arrestimit t\u00eb Antoinette Brun dhe N\u00ebn\u00ebs Antonine, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb informoi pap\u00ebn se i kishte d\u00ebrguar Kardinalit Gerlier nj\u00eb let\u00ebr t\u00eb re me direktiv\u00ebn “p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur sa m\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb deri kur arsyet e tjera m\u00eb serioze mund t\u00eb k\u00ebshillojn\u00eb nj\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme sjelljeje.<\/em>” Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb nga temat antisemite rutin\u00eb brenda Kish\u00ebs Katolike Romake p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, vazhdoi t\u00eb informonte pap\u00ebn se “hebrenjt\u00eb, t\u00eb lidhur me mason\u00ebt dhe socialist\u00ebt, kan\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr shtyp<\/em>” rreth rastit. P\u00ebrball\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushate, ajo u ankua, reagimi midis katolik\u00ebve t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs kishte qen\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i dob\u00ebt, me vet\u00ebm dy nga botimet periodike katolike, q\u00eb “ngrit\u00ebn energjikisht z\u00ebrin e tyre n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga arrestimet, Kardinali Gerlier kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr negociata me Jacob Kaplan, krye-rabini i Parisit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga kriza. N\u00eb raportin e saj t\u00eb 24 shkurtit, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb shtoi mb\u00ebshtetjen e saj t\u00eb kujdesshme p\u00ebr negociatat. Duke pasur parasysh situat\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn gjendeshin tani, me Kish\u00ebn duke u rrahur n\u00eb shtyp dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb klerik\u00ebve katolik\u00eb t\u00eb burgosur, di\u00e7ka duhej b\u00ebr\u00eb, kardinal\u00ebt k\u00ebshilluan, p\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar \u00e7\u00ebshtjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb fund. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguli, \u00e7do marr\u00ebveshje q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon kthimin e djemve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb plot\u00ebsonte dy kushte. S\u00eb pari, Robert dhe G\u00e9rald duhej t\u00eb vendoseshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb institucion arsimor “neutral<\/em>” n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos pengonin praktikimin e djemve t\u00eb fes\u00eb katolike. ” S\u00eb dyti, duhej dh\u00ebn\u00eb garanci q\u00eb Brun, N\u00ebna Antonine dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt t\u00eb akuzuar p\u00ebr rr\u00ebmbim t\u00eb hiqeshin nga akuzat ose t\u00eb amnistoheshin. Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb gjithashtu sugjeroi q\u00eb Imzot Montini t\u00eb fliste drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me ministrin e jasht\u00ebm francez, i cili rast\u00ebsisht po vizitonte Rom\u00ebn, p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen dhe i b\u00ebri thirrje Montinit t’i d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb udh\u00ebzime kardinalit Gerlier p\u00ebrmes nuncit n\u00eb Paris. M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, ai k\u00ebshilloi q\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo veprimi q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrte Gerlier, t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrmendej roli q\u00eb luhej prapa sken\u00ebs nga Vatikani, “n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos kompromentohej Selia e Shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje kaq delikate dhe t\u00eb bujshme<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, Montini i shkroi sekretarit kardinal t\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, duke e informuar at\u00eb se papa kishte pranuar k\u00ebshillat e tyre. Montini njoftoi se ai kishte folur tashm\u00eb me ministrin e jasht\u00ebm francez dhe i d\u00ebrgoi nuncit udh\u00ebzimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb ajo p\u00ebrputhej me k\u00ebrkesat e Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb. Pas bised\u00ebs s\u00eb tij me pap\u00ebn, Montini kishte shtuar nj\u00eb klauzol\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e propozuar nga Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb praktikojn\u00eb fen\u00eb e tyre katolike. Marr\u00ebveshja, i tha ai nuncios, mund t\u00eb arrihej vet\u00ebm “pasi t\u00eb kishin marr\u00eb masat paraprake t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t’u siguruar q\u00eb ata [djemt\u00eb] nuk do t\u00eb nxiten t\u00eb b\u00ebhen hebrenj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri<\/em>.” Montini shtoi nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzim p\u00ebrfundimtar n\u00eb telegramin e tij t\u00eb koduar n\u00eb nuncio: “E ‘bene che S.O. non apparisca<\/em>” (“\u00cbsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e dukshme<\/em>“).<\/p>\n

Vatikani ishte midis nuncit n\u00eb Paris n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, pasi papa kishte njoftuar koh\u00ebt e fundit nuncin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, Angelo Roncalli – m\u00eb von\u00eb p\u00ebr ta pasuar at\u00eb, si Papa Gjon XXIII – se ai po em\u00ebrohej kardinal dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej patriark i Venecias. Ashtu si nunci i aktrimit mori udh\u00ebzimet e Montinit, ai u vizitua nga ambasadori i Izraelit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Ambasadori erdhi n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t’i k\u00ebrkuar pap\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb lutje publike p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb katolik\u00ebt e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb gjetjen e djemve Finaly dhe p\u00ebr t’u shk\u00ebputur nga murgjit dhe murgeshat q\u00eb i kishin fshehur. “Kam v\u00ebrejtur<\/em>,” shkroi emisari papnor duke raportuar bised\u00ebn me Montinin, “se ai guxonte t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte shum\u00eb. Selia e Shenjt\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje, por vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse disa garanci t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me Besimin e t\u00eb vegj\u00eblve. Asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb shk\u00ebputej dhe d\u00ebnonte publikisht ata q\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb supozohet, se vepruan p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Dit\u00ebt n\u00eb vijim pan\u00eb negociata t\u00eb forta midis priftit t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar Kardinalin Gerlier dhe Kish\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb dhe Rabbi Kaplan n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Duke marr\u00eb nj\u00eb draft t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb propozuar n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb marsit, papa i b\u00ebri thirrje ekspertit t\u00eb tij p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet hebraike, Dell\u2019Acqua, t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatis\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb. Afera Finaly, k\u00ebshilloi Dell\u2019Acqua, kishte nxitur nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr shtypi kund\u00ebr autoriteteve t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu gjetja e nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyre p\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar at\u00eb ishte thelb\u00ebsore. E megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebrfundoi ai, marr\u00ebveshja e propozuar nuk ofronte garancit\u00eb q\u00eb Kisha po k\u00ebrkonte. “Me t\u00eb gjitha gjasat<\/em>,” shkroi Dell’Acqua, “procedurat gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb fund do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb tez\u00ebs Judaike dhe dy djemt\u00eb e rinj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb duart e hebrenjve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, me nj\u00eb kok\u00ebfort\u00ebsi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb pam\u00ebshirshme, do t\u00eb detyrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb Edukimi ‘hebre’ mbi ta, me p\u00ebruljen q\u00eb rezultoi (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb syt\u00eb e nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb publikut m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb) t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs Katolike.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

Lexoni: Holokausti dhe Kisha Katolike<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c7do marr\u00ebveshje, mendoi imzot, duhej t\u00eb siguronte aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e djemve p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar arsimin e tyre katolik. “N\u00ebse, pra, hebrenjt\u00eb nuk e respektojn\u00eb zotimin q\u00eb mor\u00ebn<\/em>” – shtoi Dell’Acqua n\u00eb kllapa, “q\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb<\/em>” – “faji do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i tyre dhe Kisha do t\u00eb jet\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje, me arsye, t’i akuzoj\u00eb ata me hipokrizi.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Papa, gjithashtu, ishte i pak\u00ebnaqur me marr\u00ebveshjen q\u00eb negociator\u00ebt kishin arritur n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Kardinali Alfredo Ottaviani, vler\u00ebsues i Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, e kishte sjell\u00eb tekstin n\u00eb mes t\u00eb marsit p\u00ebr t’i treguar Pap\u00ebs. “Nj\u00eb miratim pozitiv nuk mund t\u00eb jepet<\/em>“, lexohet n\u00eb sh\u00ebnimin me dor\u00eb t\u00eb kardinalit p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb i tha papa, duke mbajtur vul\u00ebn e purpurt, q\u00eb sh\u00ebnonte nj\u00eb vendim zyrtar papnor. Marr\u00ebveshja, mendoi Papa, nuk ofronte siguri t\u00eb mjaftueshme, q\u00eb djemt\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb binin n\u00ebn ndikimin hebre dhe t\u00eb ktheheshin n\u00eb fen\u00eb e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb tyre. Kjo tha, dhe duke njohur katastrof\u00ebn e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve me publikun, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Kisha u p\u00ebrball, n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb arrihej ndonj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje, papa u p\u00ebrpoq t’i vinte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen Kardinalit Gerlier.<\/p>\n

Si rezultat i k\u00ebtyre diskutimeve me pap\u00ebn, m\u00eb 16 mars Montini i shkroi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri nuncit t\u00eb aktrimit n\u00eb Paris. Pasi vuri n\u00eb dukje pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb e Selis\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebr munges\u00ebn e garancive t\u00eb mjaftueshme t\u00eb parashikuara n\u00eb projekt marr\u00ebveshje, Montini shtoi, “N\u00ebse, megjithat\u00eb, kardinali, duke marr\u00eb parasysh rrethanat, beson se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e marr\u00ebveshjes, Zyra e Selis\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb nuk e kund\u00ebrshton at\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb jap\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e premtuar p\u00ebr gjetjen e djemve.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, kreu i deg\u00ebs liberale t\u00eb Judaizmit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, Rabini Andr\u00e9 Zaoui, erdhi n\u00eb Rom\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u lutur n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb familjes Finaly. Megjith\u00ebse me sa duket ai ishte i etur p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb Pap\u00ebn, ishte Angelo Dell\u2019Acqua ai me t\u00eb cilin u takua, nj\u00eb takim p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin monsinjori raportoi m\u00eb pas n\u00eb nj\u00eb memo p\u00ebr Pius XII. Vatikani, rabini i kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb Dell\u2019Acqua, do t\u00eb kryente nj\u00eb akt “bamir\u00ebsie” p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar kthimin e Robert dhe G\u00e9rald te t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e tyre. “Un\u00eb u p\u00ebrgjigja<\/em>,” imzot informoi pap\u00ebn, “se nuk ishte \u00e7\u00ebshtje bamir\u00ebsie, por \u00e7\u00ebshtje parimi dhe rrjedhimisht e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. T\u00eb dy djemt\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb katolik\u00eb, kan\u00eb disa t\u00eb drejta. Kisha Katolike jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb ka t\u00eb drejta n\u00eb lidhje me to, por edhe detyra q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb.<\/em>\u201d Nd\u00ebrsa u ngrit p\u00ebr t’u larguar, rabini kund\u00ebrshtoi se komuniteti hebre gjithashtu kishte t\u00eb drejta dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi. “Megjithat\u00eb<\/em>,” i tha Dell’Acqua, “t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit lloj me ato t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs Katolike<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Pasi d\u00ebgjova nga Kardinali Gerlier se ai nuk mund t\u00eb merrte m\u00eb l\u00ebshime nga pala hebraike dhe se zgjatja e fshehjes s\u00eb djemve Finaly do t\u00eb ishte katastrofike p\u00ebr Kish\u00ebn Katolike n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, papa pa d\u00ebshir\u00eb – shprehja Latine aegre<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare t\u00eb vendimi i pap\u00ebs – dha miratimin e tij p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen. M\u00eb 23 Mars, Montini i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb telegram nuncit n\u00eb Madrid, duke e informuar at\u00eb p\u00ebr vendimin dhe duke k\u00ebshilluar klerik\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmonin n\u00eb gjetjen dhe kthimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve Finaly.<\/p>\n

IV. Nj\u00eb Fluturim p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tel Aviv<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Shpresat se marr\u00ebveshja do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb kthimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb djemve shpejt do t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjeheshin. Megjith\u00ebse nunci n\u00eb Madrid u takua me primatin kardinal t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta njoftuar d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e Vatikanit q\u00eb djemt\u00eb t\u00eb ktheheshin, dukej se as kleri spanjoll dhe as, p\u00ebr arsyet e veta, qeveria spanjolle nuk po nxitonte p\u00ebr t’i gjetur ata. Kardinali Gerlier shkroi Rom\u00ebn, murgjit spanjoll\u00eb q\u00eb fshihnin djemt\u00eb ende po pretendonin se papa nuk ishte i etur p\u00ebr t\u2019i par\u00eb ata t\u00eb kthyer. N\u00eb prill, kjo nxiti nj\u00eb telegram tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr nuncin n\u00eb Madrid: “Kardinali Gerlier raporton se autoritetet fetare lokale Spanjolle ku gjenden v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Finaly thuhet se deklarojn\u00eb se garancit\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen e Gerlier jan\u00eb t\u00eb pamjaftueshme dhe nuk do t\u00eb bien dakord p\u00ebr kthimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebt pa urdh\u00ebr nga Selia e Shenjt\u00eb<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim shoq\u00ebrues p\u00ebr pap\u00ebn, Dell’Acqua theksoi “r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb Selia e Shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb mos shfaqet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt. \u00cbsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb jesh i v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm jo vet\u00ebm ndaj efekteve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb vendet e tjera katolike dhe jo-katolike. N\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre do t\u00eb dukej se djemt\u00eb po ktheheshin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb Selis\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, kjo, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb disa vende, mund t\u00eb gjykohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pafavorshme.<\/em>” Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, tradicionalist\u00ebt e Kish\u00ebs, t\u00eb njohur me doktrin\u00ebn katolike, mund t\u00eb mos jen\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur me pap\u00ebn, n\u00ebse ai mund t\u00eb shihet duke b\u00ebr\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr kthimin e djemve n\u00eb familjen e tyre hebreje.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur v\u00ebmendjen nga \u00e7do p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e Kish\u00ebs p\u00ebr fshehjen e vazhdueshme t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve Finaly n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, Dell’Acqua, me miratimin e pap\u00ebs, hartoi nj\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr t’u vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb zvicerane. Nuk ishin aspektet “fetare” t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes q\u00eb po pengonin kthimin e djemve, pohoi ajo, por \u00e7\u00ebshtjet politike, “p\u00ebr aq sa dy djemt\u00eb mund ta konsiderojn\u00eb veten refugjat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e m\u00ebrgimit<\/em>“. M\u00eb 28 Prill, Montini i d\u00ebrgoi tekstin e artikullit nuncit n\u00eb Bern, me udh\u00ebzimin q\u00eb ai “t\u00eb shqyrtonte se si shtypja e atij Kombi t\u00eb botonte lajmet e p\u00ebrmbajtura n\u00eb Sh\u00ebnim, padyshim pa e ditur ata origjin\u00ebn e tij<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

Ende djemt\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb gjendeshin. Si pjes\u00eb e marr\u00ebveshjes q\u00eb ai kishte arritur me Kardinalin Gerlier n\u00eb Mars, Rabbi Kaplan kishte q\u00ebndruar i heshtur, por n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Qershorit, n\u00ebn presion n\u00eb rritje nga komuniteti hebre i Franc\u00ebs, ai thirri nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb p\u00ebr shtyp. Zyrtar\u00ebt e Kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Lart\u00eb, akuzoi ai, kurr\u00eb nuk kishin d\u00ebnuar publikisht pag\u00ebzimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb Fundit dhe Kisha nuk kishte nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb asnj\u00eb veprim p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar vendndodhjen e tyre nga prift\u00ebrinjt\u00eb dhe murgeshat q\u00eb dinin se ku ishin. Atij i ishte premtuar kthimi, tha rabini, por tani, gati tre muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, klerik\u00ebt katolik\u00eb i fshehnin akoma.<\/p>\n

\"\"28 qershor 1953: G\u00e9rald dhe Robert Finaly, t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 10 dhe 12 vje\u00e7, n\u00eb fshatin Saint-L\u00e9onard, Franc\u00eb, pasi mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn nga Spanja, ku ishin fshehur (Keystone-France \/ Getty)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

“Q\u00ebndrimi i autoriteteve spanjolle<\/em>“, u ankua ambasadori francez n\u00eb Vatikan, si\u00e7 zbulon nj\u00eb rekord i sapo-disponuesh\u00ebm i Vatikanit p\u00ebr bised\u00ebn, “mbetet m\u00eb pak se i qart\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa Ministri i Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Jashtme duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb i favorsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e d\u00ebshiruar, ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00ebn t\u00eb dalin me pretekste t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur p\u00ebrfundimin.<\/em>\u201d N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, justifikimi q\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebt spanjoll\u00eb dhan\u00eb vazhdimisht p\u00ebr mosveprimin e tyre ishte se ishin murgjit spanjoll\u00eb bask\u00eb ata q\u00eb po fshihnin djemt\u00eb e fundit dhe ata nuk donin t\u00eb ndeznin m\u00eb tej marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tashm\u00eb t\u00eb tensionuara t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb me at\u00eb rajon.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 22 qershor, ambasadori francez vazhdoi me nj\u00eb memo q\u00eb i dha Montinit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Montini ia ktheu me shpejt\u00ebsi nuncit n\u00eb Madrid: “Guvernatori i San Sebasti\u00e1n [n\u00eb rajonin Bask t\u00eb Spanj\u00ebs] vazhdon t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb\u2026 se kleri spanjoll bask kan\u00eb fjal\u00ebn e fundit dhe se ‘pa nj\u00eb urdh\u00ebr zyrtar nga Roma, djemt\u00eb do t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb hije.’<\/em>” Qeveria franceze, njoftoi ambasadori, gjeti d\u00ebshtimin e Kish\u00ebs p\u00ebr t’iu p\u00ebrmbajtur kushteve t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Kardinalit Gerlier p\u00ebr kthimin e Robertit dhe G\u00e9rald nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje shqet\u00ebsuese n\u00eb rritje.<\/p>\n

Kat\u00ebr dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, nj\u00eb ambasador francez shum\u00eb i leht\u00ebsuar thirri Sekretariatin e Shtetit dhe arriti n\u00eb Dell’Acqua: Djemt\u00eb e Fundit sapo ishin dor\u00ebzuar n\u00eb San Sebasti\u00e1n te Germaine Ribi\u00e8re, gruaja q\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb duke l\u00ebvizur vajtje-ardhje p\u00ebrtej kufirit n\u00eb N\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb kardinalit Gerlier, duke u p\u00ebrpjekur t’i gjej\u00eb ata. Djemt\u00eb tashm\u00eb kishin kaluar kufirin me Franc\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa saga po afrohej n\u00eb kapitullin e saj t\u00eb fundit, beteja mbi Robert dhe G\u00e9rald Finaly do t\u00eb merrte nj\u00eb fytyr\u00eb t\u00eb re. Nga perspektiva e Vatikanit, nd\u00ebrsa kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord p\u00ebr kthimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, nuk kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord q\u00eb ata t\u00eb braktisnin identitetin e tyre katolik. Duke reaguar ndaj raporteve t\u00eb shtypit se halla e djemve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb burrin dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e saj prapa n\u00eb Izrael gjat\u00eb muajve q\u00eb ajo kishte qen\u00eb n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, po planifikonte t’i merrte p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me vete, Pius XII autorizoi nj\u00eb histori lajmesh q\u00eb t\u00eb mbillej nga Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb Katolike Romake. Nj\u00eb gazetar n\u00eb Vatikan, L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em> u ngarkua p\u00ebr hartimin e tij, dhe teksti p\u00ebrfundimtar u redaktua nga Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Artikulli, botuar m\u00eb 9 korrik, shpjegon se \u00e7do pretendim q\u00eb marr\u00ebveshja e arritur midis Kardinalit Gerlier dhe familjes Finaly do t\u00eb lejonte marrjen e djemve n\u00eb Izrael dhe b\u00ebrjen e hebrenjve ishte i gabuar. \u201cVullneti i lir\u00eb i dy djemve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb deklaruar d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbetur katolik\u00eb, mbrohet nga marr\u00ebveshja. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e plot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pohuar dhe praktikuar katolicizmin, pa u ekspozuar ndaj ndonj\u00eb presioni direkt ose indirekt\u2026 \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se perspektiva e riedukimit \u2019t\u00eb dy djemve p\u00ebr Judaizmin do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb kontrast me k\u00ebto premisa<\/em>\u201d. Artikullit m\u00eb pas iu dha nj\u00eb shpull\u00eb n\u00eb komunitetin hebre t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs. Megjith\u00ebse autoritetet e Kish\u00ebs Franceze e kishin mbajtur fjal\u00ebn e tyre, thuhej n\u00eb artikull, shtypi jav\u00ebt e fundit ishte mbushur me v\u00ebrejtje sarkastike p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb i duhej Kish\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur djemt\u00eb. \u201cEdhe kryeparbinjt\u00eb ua huazuan k\u00ebto dyshime t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme me fjal\u00eb q\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 \u00e7do konsiderate tjet\u00ebr, tradhtuan munges\u00ebn m\u00eb absolute t\u00eb njohjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha ato q\u00eb katolik\u00ebt kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto vite p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb, duke rrezikuar personalitetin m\u00eb serioz, rreziqe dhe pa k\u00ebrkuar asgj\u00eb, thjesht nga bamir\u00ebsia e krishter\u00eb<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 19 korrik, Imzot Montini ndoqi nj\u00eb let\u00ebr drejtuar nuncit t\u00eb ri n\u00eb Paris. “Disa gazeta<\/em>,” shkroi ai, “po raportojn\u00eb se v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Finaly s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb merren n\u00eb Izrael p\u00ebr t’u riedukuar n\u00eb Judaiz\u00ebm. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kontrast me marr\u00ebveshjet q\u00eb Kardinali Gerlier lidhi disa koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb<\/em>.\u201d Ai e udh\u00ebzoi nuncin t\u00eb th\u00ebrriste v\u00ebmendjen e kardinalit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb fakt dhe t\u00eb raportonte p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjigjen e tij.<\/p>\n

Gjasht\u00eb dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, Hedwig Rosner, pasi i ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb kujdestaria ligjore e dy nipave t\u00eb saj, hipi n\u00eb nj\u00eb aeroplan me Robert dhe G\u00e9rald dhe fluturuan p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tel Aviv.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb tani papa? Dell\u2019Acqua ofroi nj\u00eb sugjerim. Shtypi hebre, shkruajti ai n\u00eb nj\u00eb memo p\u00ebr pap\u00ebn m\u00eb 29 korrik, ishte duke e dh\u00ebn\u00eb rezultatin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjes Finaly si nj\u00eb fitore. “Pyes veten n\u00ebse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu<\/em>,” propozoi Dell’Acqua, “q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica p\u00ebr t\u00eb demaskuar hebrenjt\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t’i akuzuar ata p\u00ebr pabesi<\/em>“. (Ky dokument \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb shtojc\u00eb<\/em>.) Papa me sa duket mendoi se kjo ia vlen t\u00eb merret parasysh, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb; dy dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, Montini p\u00ebrgatiti nj\u00eb mesazh p\u00ebr nuncin n\u00eb Paris, duke u ankuar p\u00ebr Kardinalin Gerlier dhe duke k\u00ebrkuar mendimin e tij n\u00ebse vazhdimi i artikullit t\u00eb propozuar do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb ide e mir\u00eb. P\u00ebrfundimi i \u00e7\u00ebshtjes Finaly, shkroi Montini, “kishte shkaktuar nj\u00eb goditje serioze p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs dhe gjithashtu p\u00ebr prestigjin e saj n\u00eb bot\u00eb<\/em>“. Takuar disa dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb mb\u00ebshteti iden\u00eb se k\u00ebrkohej nj\u00eb veprim publik, duke k\u00ebshilluar pap\u00ebn t\u00eb udh\u00ebzonte Kardinalin Gerlier t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb protest\u00eb zyrtare.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb fund, duke ndjekur k\u00ebshill\u00ebn e nuncit t\u00eb ri n\u00eb Paris q\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull i till\u00eb si ai q\u00eb propozohej do t\u00eb lexohej gjer\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb d\u00ebnim i veprimit t\u00eb episkopat\u00ebs Franceze, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb Kardinalit Gerlier, plani u hoq. Megjithat\u00eb, Montini i d\u00ebrgoi nj\u00eb protest\u00eb me shkrim qeveris\u00eb franceze n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shtatorit p\u00ebrmes ambasadorit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Vatikan. Selia e Shenjt\u00eb, shkroi Montini, vet\u00ebm se mund t\u00eb \u201cshprehte keqardhjen e saj t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr zgjidhjen q\u00eb iu dha k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtje pa marr\u00eb parasysh interesin fetar t\u00eb dy t\u00eb rinjve t\u00eb pag\u00ebzuar. Po k\u00ebshtu shpreh frik\u00ebn se arsimimi katolik i k\u00ebtyre djemve do t\u00eb komprometohet, n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me frym\u00ebn e nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar nga p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e familjes dhe ata t\u00eb autoriteteve kishtare, dhe t\u00eb cilave k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit i kan\u00eb q\u00ebndruar besnik\u00eb<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

V. M\u00eb shum\u00eb shkrime rreth k\u00ebsaj<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Anni dhe Fritz Finaly e kishin arritur brenda disa muajsh nga \u00e7lirimi Aleat i Franc\u00ebs, kur Gestapo i kapi dhe i d\u00ebrgoi p\u00ebr vdekje. Nd\u00ebrsa rreziku p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb e Franc\u00ebs s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb kalonte, tmerret e Holokaustit ishin t\u00eb ngadalta p\u00ebr ta shtyr\u00eb Kish\u00ebn Katolike Romake t\u00eb konsideronte historin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb antisemitizmit ose rolin q\u00eb ajo luajti n\u00eb b\u00ebrjen e mundur vrasjen masive t\u00eb nazist\u00ebve t\u00eb hebrenjve evropian\u00eb. Papa Pius XII ishte padyshim i tmerruar nga masakra, por si pap\u00eb ose, m\u00eb her\u00ebt, si sekretari i shtetit i Vatikanit, ai kurr\u00eb nuk ishte ankuar p\u00ebr masat e mprehta t\u00eb marra kund\u00ebr hebrenjve si nj\u00eb komb katolik, pasi tjetri futi ligjet shtyp\u00ebse (Italia n\u00eb 1938, p\u00ebr shembull, dhe Franca n\u00eb 1940<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Ankesa e vetme q\u00eb Pius XII b\u00ebri p\u00ebr ligjet antisemitike t\u00eb Italis\u00eb ishte padrejt\u00ebsia e zbatimit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr hebrenjt\u00eb q\u00eb ishin konvertuar n\u00eb katolik\u00eb. Se mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje midis shekujve t\u00eb demonizimit t\u00eb Kishave t\u00eb hebrenjve dhe aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb mendonin se ishin katolik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vrar\u00eb hebrenj, duket se nuk i ka kaluar kurr\u00eb n\u00eb mendje. Fakti q\u00eb regjimi i Musolinit mb\u00ebshtetej shum\u00eb tek materialet e Kish\u00ebs – gazetat dhe revistat e tij t\u00eb mbushura me referenca p\u00ebr masat q\u00eb pap\u00ebt kishin nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb gjat\u00eb shekujve p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e “sh\u00ebndetshme<\/em>” t\u00eb krishter\u00eb nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i paraqitur nga hebrenjt\u00eb – p\u00ebr t\u00eb justifikuar ligjet e tij antisemite, p\u00ebr t\u00eb rimenduar pak doktrin\u00ebn ose praktik\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs n\u00ebn papatin e tij.<\/p>\n

Lexoni: \u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb hebre kur Papa t\u00eb vij\u00eb n\u00eb Yom Kippur?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nd\u00ebr zbulimet e dokumenteve t\u00eb sapo-disponueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se sa pak ndikim kishte Holokausti n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen e Vatikanit p\u00ebr rrjedh\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb veprimit n\u00eb rastin e djemve Finaly. Nd\u00ebrsa dokumentet tregojn\u00eb aludime t\u00eb her\u00ebpashershme nga papa dhe ata rreth tij p\u00ebr vuajtjet e p\u00ebrjetuara koh\u00ebt e fundit nga populli hebre, k\u00ebto shprehje t\u00eb simpatis\u00eb nuk u p\u00ebrkthyen n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr d\u00ebshirat e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb Robert dhe G\u00e9rald Finaly ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuarit e familjes Finaly, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb merrte djemt\u00eb brenda. Ajo q\u00eb vjen qart\u00eb n\u00eb leximin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Vatikanit \u00ebsht\u00eb se prerogativat e Kish\u00ebs Katolike Romake kishin r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi mbi t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb tjerat: q\u00eb, sipas doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kish\u00ebs, pag\u00ebzimi, madje edhe kund\u00ebr d\u00ebshirave t\u00eb nj\u00eb familjeje, i dha Kish\u00ebs t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb pretenduar f\u00ebmij\u00ebt. Kjo ishte ajo q\u00eb i motivoi murgjit dhe murgeshat q\u00eb l\u00ebviznin djemt\u00eb p\u00ebrreth, me emra t\u00eb trilluar, nga nj\u00eb vend i fshehur n\u00eb tjetrin.<\/p>\n

Angazhimi i Papa Pius XII dhe burrave t\u00eb kurias p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar familjen Finaly nga marrja e kujdestaris\u00eb s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve u zbut vet\u00ebm nga shqet\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr shtypin e keq, nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim i theksuar vazhdimisht nga Kardinali Gerlier n\u00eb lutjet e tij gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb urgjente drejt Rom\u00ebs. Ai ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kishte frik\u00eb nga shtypi i keq sepse ishte, pasi ai kujtoi vazhdimisht pap\u00ebn dhe Zyr\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre muajve, duke dob\u00ebsuar pozicionin politik t\u00eb Kish\u00ebs n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb qeveria franceze e pasluft\u00ebs t’i jepte njohje nga shteti shkollave famulli katolike.<\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb aspekt i q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb pap\u00ebs ndaj hebrenjve nuk ka marr\u00eb aq v\u00ebmendje sa polemikat mbi heshtjen e tij gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs – d\u00ebshtimi i tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb denoncuar nazist\u00ebt dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e tyre p\u00ebr therjen sistematike t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. N\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t’iu p\u00ebrgjigjur kritik\u00ebve, ishte vet\u00eb Montini q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, si Papa Pali VI, porositi nj\u00eb grup studiuesish Jezuit\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb paraqisnin para arkivave t\u00eb Vatikanit – t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb q\u00ebndruar t\u00eb mbyllura p\u00ebr studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb deri m\u00eb tani – p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dokumentet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse n\u00eb lidhje me veprimet e pap\u00ebs dhe sekretarit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb Vatikanit nd\u00ebrsa ata konsideruan se si t’i p\u00ebrgjigjeshin tmerreve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. Kjo rezultoi, nga viti 1965 deri n\u00eb 1981, n\u00eb botimin e 12 v\u00ebllimeve t\u00eb mbushura me mij\u00ebra dokumente. V\u00ebllimi 9, kushtuar asaj se si Selia e Shenjt\u00eb k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb viktimat e luft\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1943, p\u00ebrmban 492 dokumente.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb drit\u00ebn e publikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij numri masiv t\u00eb dokumenteve, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pretendimi se asgj\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet shum\u00eb e re p\u00ebr heshtjen e pap\u00ebs gjat\u00eb Holokaustit nga hapja e fundit e arkivave t\u00eb Vatikanit. Por studiuesit nuk kan\u00eb pse t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr munges\u00ebn e materialit t\u00eb ri. As protesta e vak\u00ebt, antisemitike e Vatikanit e Pietro Tacchi Venturi p\u00ebr fushat\u00ebn vras\u00ebse t\u00eb gjerman\u00ebve kund\u00ebr hebrenjve n\u00eb Itali dhe as memorandumi i Angelo Dell\u2019Acqua si p\u00ebrgjigje nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb botim masiv. Dokumenti i vet\u00ebm i botuar atje n\u00eb episod \u00ebsht\u00eb komenti disi i fsheht\u00eb i Kardinal Maglione n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb propozimit t\u00eb Tacchi Venturi: “Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti t\u00eb d\u00ebrgosh sh\u00ebnimin e At Tacchi Venturi (i cili n\u00eb \u00e7do rast do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb rib\u00ebhej) as edhe nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim m\u00eb delikat nga ne<\/em>.” Dell\u2019Acqua nuk p\u00ebrmendet fare. Nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim n\u00eb fund t\u00eb faqes nga redaktor\u00ebt e v\u00ebllimit t\u00eb Vatikanit nuk e b\u00ebn t\u00eb qart\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb Tacchi Venturi po propozonte dhe citon vet\u00ebm fragmente nga memorandumi i tij q\u00eb ofronin nj\u00eb imazh pozitiv t\u00eb hebrenjve dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb ndjenjave anti-hebreje n\u00eb Itali. Zbulimet e reja ofrojn\u00eb arsye t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar se historia e plot\u00eb e Piut XII dhe hebrenjve mbetet p\u00ebr t’u shkruar.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00eb ishte vet\u00ebm pas vdekjes s\u00eb Pius XII, q\u00eb q\u00ebndrimet e Kish\u00ebs ndaj Hebrenjve do t\u00eb ndryshonin n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kuptimplote, fal\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit t\u00eb tij Gjon XXIII, i cili mblodhi nj\u00eb K\u00ebshill t\u00eb Vatikanit kushtuar pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7rr\u00ebnjosur shenjat e doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb Kish\u00ebs mesjetare mbi hebrenjt\u00eb. Kulmi i atyre p\u00ebrpjekjeve erdhi vet\u00ebm pas vdekjes s\u00eb Papa Gjon XXIII; n\u00eb 1965, K\u00ebshilli i Dyt\u00eb i Vatikanit l\u00ebshoi \u200b\u200bdeklarat\u00ebn e shquar Nostra Aetate. Duke p\u00ebrmbysur doktrin\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs, t\u00eb mbajtur prej koh\u00ebsh, ajo u b\u00ebri thirrje besimtar\u00ebve q\u00eb t’i trajtojn\u00eb Hebrenjt\u00eb dhe fen\u00eb e tyre si t\u00eb denj\u00eb p\u00ebr respekt.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse nuk jam i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se dikush e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb lidhjen, mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb shum\u00eb larg mendjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyshuar se \u00e7\u00ebshtja Finaly luajti nj\u00eb rol n\u00eb at\u00eb ndryshim historik dhe, me t\u00eb, braktisja e ndotjes shekullore t\u00eb Kishave t\u00eb Hebrenjve. Lidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsi i John XXIII, Paul VI, i cili kryesoi k\u00ebshillin kur ai shqyrtoi dhe m\u00eb pas miratoi doktrin\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb re revolucionare. Ky ishte i nj\u00ebjti njeri q\u00eb – n\u00ebn emrin e tij t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb, Giovanni Montini – kishte kaluar muaj me radh\u00eb duke menaxhuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e Vatikanit n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse ka pasur ndonj\u00eb distanc\u00eb midis Pius XII dhe Montini n\u00eb veprimet e nd\u00ebrmarra n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly, un\u00eb nuk kam gjetur asnj\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb saj n\u00eb arkivat e Vatikanit. Lidhjet e Montinit me Eugenio Pacelli, Pius XII i ardhsh\u00ebm, v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se mund t\u00eb ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb forta. Ai kishte filluar t\u00eb punonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga dy z\u00ebvend\u00ebsit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb tij kur Pacelli ishte ende sekretari i shtetit i Vatikanit dhe vazhdoi n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rol kur, n\u00eb 1939, Pacelli u ngjit n\u00eb papat. N\u00eb raportin e tij p\u00ebrfundimtar p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb vitin e ardhsh\u00ebm, ambasadori francez n\u00eb largim n\u00eb Vatikan e p\u00ebrshkroi Montinin si njeriun m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me zemr\u00ebn e Pius XII dhe shtoi, “T\u00eb gjith\u00eb bien dakord n\u00eb parashikimin q\u00eb Imzot Montini vet\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pap\u00eb<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, edhe pse identifikohej shum\u00eb me mbrojt\u00ebsin e tij, Montini kishte nj\u00eb mendje t\u00eb tij\u00ebn. Ai vinte nga nj\u00eb familje katolike me ndikim verior italian. Babai i tij kishte qen\u00eb an\u00ebtar n\u00eb Parlament i Partis\u00eb Popullore Katolike Italiane t\u00eb moderuar derisa Mussolini shfuqizoi t\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb jo-Fashiste n\u00eb 1926. Montini ishte nj\u00eb intelektual me shije t\u00eb sofistikuar n\u00eb art dhe let\u00ebrsi. Ai kishte punuar n\u00eb heshtje n\u00eb prapasken\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Pius XII ishte pap\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar q\u00eb Zyra e Shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebnonte veprat e shkrimtarit Graham Greene. Sjellja e Vatikanit n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly ishte nj\u00eb biznes i keq. A e shqet\u00ebsoi n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirja e Montinit n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Pius XII? A la shenja t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme? A mendoi ai p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly nd\u00ebrsa po shqyrtonte propozimet e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Vatikanit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar q\u00ebndrimet e Kishave ndaj hebrenjve? Ne mund t\u00eb mos i dim\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet e k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve shum\u00eb shpejt; arkivat e papatit t\u00eb Palit VI nuk ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb hapen p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite.<\/p>\n

Jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, un\u00eb isha n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb arrija Robert Finaly me email n\u00eb Izrael, ku ai dhe G\u00e9rald – tani i njohur si Gad – kan\u00eb jetuar q\u00eb kur u \u00e7uan atje nga tezja e tyre. Roberti kujtoi mjedisin shkollor n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ishin mbajtur, para se familja e tyre t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb gjendje t’i rimarr\u00eb ata, si nj\u00eb q\u00eb ishte “100% katolik”. Student\u00ebt u m\u00ebsuan se hebrenjt\u00eb ishin t\u00eb destinuar p\u00ebr d\u00ebnim. Po t\u00eb mos ishte p\u00ebr k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguljen e familjes s\u00eb tij, ai dhe Gad me siguri do t\u00eb jetonin diku tjet\u00ebr – n\u00eb Franc\u00eb ose Spanj\u00eb – dhe, si\u00e7 vuri n\u00eb dukje Roberti, do ta kujtonin t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e tyre shum\u00eb ndryshe. Jet\u00ebt q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb Izrael kan\u00eb qen\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb paqarta. Gad ndoqi nj\u00eb karrier\u00eb n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb izraelite dhe m\u00eb pas si inxhinier. Roberti u b\u00eb mjek, ashtu si babai i tij.<\/p>\n

Shtojca: dokumentet e Vatikanit<\/strong>
\n– “Sh\u00ebnim verbal mbi situat\u00ebn hebraike n\u00eb Itali”, nga At Pietro Tacchi Venturi<\/a>
\n– Memo p\u00ebr Pap\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb At Tacchi Venturi, nga Imzot Angelo Dell\u2019Aqua<\/a>
\n– Raport i shkurt\u00ebr mbi \u00e7\u00ebshtjen p\u00ebrfundimtare p\u00ebr Sekretariatin e Shtetit [Vatikan] (dhe dokumentet e ngjashme)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

David Kertzer d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb fal\u00ebnderoj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtorin e tij, Roberto Benedetti, puna e t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb arkivat e Vatikanit, pasi Kertzer u detyrua nga pandemia COVID-19 t\u00eb largohej nga Italia, u tregua thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr zbulimin e dokumenteve n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen Finaly. Kertzer dhe Benedetti po p\u00ebrgatisin nj\u00eb version m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj teme p\u00ebr botim n\u00eb nj\u00eb ditar historik, duke siguruar referenca t\u00eb plota arkivore p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha dokumentet e p\u00ebrmendura k\u00ebtu.<\/em><\/p>\n

DAVID I. KERTZER<\/strong>, autor i Pap\u00ebs dhe Musolinit, fitues i \u00c7mimit Pulitzer 2015 p\u00ebr Biografin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb Profesor i Universitetit Dupee n\u00eb Universitetin Brown.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dokumentet zbulojn\u00eb diskutimet private pas heshtjes s\u00eb Papa Pius XII, rreth deportimit nazist t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1943 dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb Vatikanit pas luft\u00ebs, p\u00ebr rr\u00ebmbimin e dy djemve hebrenj, prind\u00ebrit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kishin humbur n\u00eb Holokaust. Historia nga David I. Kertzer, TheAtlantic.com, 27 gusht 2020 – P\u00ebrktheu Arben \u00c7okaj N\u00eb fillim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nPapa, hebrenjt\u00eb dhe sekretet n\u00eb arkiv - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/papa-hebrenjte-dhe-sekretet-ne-arkiv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Papa, hebrenjt\u00eb dhe sekretet n\u00eb arkiv - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dokumentet zbulojn\u00eb diskutimet private pas heshtjes s\u00eb Papa Pius XII, rreth deportimit nazist t\u00eb hebrenjve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1943 dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb Vatikanit pas luft\u00ebs, p\u00ebr rr\u00ebmbimin e dy djemve hebrenj, prind\u00ebrit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kishin humbur n\u00eb Holokaust. 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