{"id":59436,"date":"2020-09-05T07:46:07","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T05:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=59436"},"modified":"2020-09-05T07:47:37","modified_gmt":"2020-09-05T05:47:37","slug":"tragjedia-e-gjeniut-dostojevski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/tragjedia-e-gjeniut-dostojevski\/","title":{"rendered":"TRAGJEDIA E GJENIUT – DOSTOJEVSKI"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Xhelal
Xhelal Zejneli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

PASQYRUES I RUSIS\u00cb S\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb, I SHOQ\u00cbRIS\u00cb RUSE T\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski <\/strong>ka qen\u00eb i ngarkuar nga s\u00ebmurja e epilepsis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Supozohet se nga kjo s\u00ebmurje kan\u00eb vuajtur Herkuli, Ajaksi, Empedokle, Marku i Sirakusit, Sokrati, Jul Cezari, Livie Druz, Sh\u00ebn Gjoni, Makbethi, Karli i Madh, Petrarka, Dante Aligieri, Rishelie, Kromveli, Pjetri i Madh, Napoleoni etj.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Herkuli <\/strong>(ose Heraklesi) \u2013 n\u00eb mitologjin\u00eb antike greke; m\u00eb i madhi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb heronjve, me fam\u00eb p\u00ebr fuqi dhe guxim; Ajaksi <\/strong>\u2013 n\u00eb mitologjin\u00eb antike greke; ishte nj\u00eb luft\u00ebtar i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, i dyti nga trim\u00ebria n\u00eb krahun grek pas Akilit; Empedokle <\/strong>(483-423 para K.) \u2013 filozof antik grek; Marku i Sirakut<\/strong>; Sokrati <\/strong>(469-399 para K.) filozof antik grek, u akuzua se e prish rinin\u00eb dhe se nuk u beson per\u00ebndive t\u00eb shtetit; u d\u00ebnua me pirjen e got\u00ebs me helm; prokuror\u00eb ishin Meleti, Aniti dhe Likoni; u mbrojt me krenari, nd\u00ebrsa helmin e piu me qet\u00ebsi;Jul Cezari <\/strong>(100-44 para K.) burr\u00eb shteti romak, prij\u00ebs ushtarak dhe diktator; autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cDe bello Gallico\u201d (p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn n\u00eb Gali)<\/em>; Livie Druz<\/strong>; Sh\u00ebn Gjoni <\/strong>(rreth 347-407) mjek i Kish\u00ebs, peshkop i Kostandinopoj\u00ebs; Makbethi <\/strong>(rreth 1005-1057) mbret i Skocis\u00eb; hipi n\u00eb fron pasi vrau kush\u00ebririn e tij Dunkanin I; u vra prej Malkolmit III; Karli I <\/strong>i mbiquajtur Karli i Madh <\/strong>(lat. Carlus Magnus, 742-814) mbret i frank\u00ebve dhe perandor i perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb Romake; Petrarka <\/strong>(Francesco Petraca, 1304-1374)poet italian; Dante Aligieri <\/strong>(1265-1321) poet italian; Rishelie <\/strong>( ); Oliver Komveli <\/strong>(Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658) gjeneral dhe burr\u00eb shteti anglez; Pjetri i Madh <\/strong>ose Pjetri I <\/strong>(1672-1725) car i Rusis\u00eb, zbatoi politik\u00eb ekspansioniste p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb brigjeve t\u00eb detit Baltik; aneksoi Estonin\u00eb dhe Letonin\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Finland\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 1703 e b\u00ebri Sh\u00ebn-Petersburgun kryeqytet t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb; Napoleon Bonaparte <\/strong>(1769-1821) perandor i Franc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Epilepsia e Dostojevskit ka mundur t\u00eb buroj\u00eb, si nga vija e babait, ashtu edhe nga vija e s\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebs p\u00ebr arsye se q\u00eb t\u00eb dy kan\u00eb qen\u00eb tejet t\u00eb ngarkuar me forma t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb neuropative<\/em> dhe t\u00eb psikopative<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Biografi i Dostojevskit Vjetrinski <\/strong>shkruan se babai i tij ka qen\u00eb \u201cnjeri i err\u00ebt, nervoz dhe sed\u00ebrmadh zem\u00ebrak\u201d.<\/em> Po ky biograf shton se Dostojevski ka folur me respekt p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e familjes s\u00eb vet, por \u201cp\u00ebr baban\u00eb nuk ka dashur t\u00eb flas\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb lutur q\u00eb t\u00eb mos e pyet p\u00ebr t\u00eb<\/em>; po ashtu pak ka folur edhe p\u00ebr v\u00ebllain Andreun\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb fsheh shkrimtari p\u00ebr t\u00eb atin? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, kur vajza e Dostojevskit Lubov Dostojevskaja <\/strong>i ka botuar kujtimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb atin. Para lexuesve ajo e heq krejt vellon e sekretit dhe thot\u00eb se babai i Dostojevskit ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb alkoolik i tmerrsh\u00ebm dhe tiran i lemerish\u00ebm, si n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi ashtu edhe jasht\u00eb saj, sidomos ndaj muzhik\u00ebve (fshatar\u00ebve) n\u00eb pron\u00ebn bujq\u00ebsore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar, e kan\u00eb rrahur brutalisht. Si duket, kjo tirani ka pasur baz\u00eb sadiste<\/em>.<\/p>\n

E ngarkuar ka qen\u00eb edhe n\u00ebna e shkrimtarit. Ka qen\u00eb me nerva t\u00eb dob\u00ebta. Strahovi <\/strong>shkruan se ajo ka qen\u00eb \u201ce heshtur, e t\u00ebrhequr dhe frikacake\u201d<\/em>. Ka qen\u00eb me konstitucion\u00a0 sh\u00ebndetlig dhe leht\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebnduesh\u00ebm dhe her\u00ebt ka vdekur nga tuberkulozi. Kur i vdiq e \u00ebma, shkrimtari i ardhsh\u00ebm ishte 15-vje\u00e7ar. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e Dostojevskit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr (babait t\u00eb shkrimtarit) kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkuar me nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. N\u00eb kujtimet e veta, Lubov Dostojevskaja shkruan se v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit e shkrimtarit, si i madhi ashtu edhe m\u00eb i vogli, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb alkoolik\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm dhe hora.<\/p>\n

E vetmja mot\u00ebr Varvara <\/strong>ka qen\u00eb e lig\u00eb dhe shpirtkazm\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb mas\u00eb saq\u00eb e kan\u00eb vrar\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. Djali Varvar\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb idiot<\/em><\/strong>, nd\u00ebrsa djali i v\u00ebllait m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb shkrimtarit, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje mendore i zgjuar, ka vdekur nga paraliza progresive<\/em>. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb hall\u00eb t\u00eb vet F. M. Dostojevski shkruan se \u201cka pasur kujtes\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebt,<\/em> ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb dukje ka qen\u00eb pa probleme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore; ka qen\u00eb pa karakter dhe e pavendosur, i \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar \u00e7far\u00ebdo ndikimi dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb frikuar nga djalli\u201d<\/em>. Lubov Dostojevskaja<\/strong> pohon se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb vuajtur nga prishja e nervave, nga \u00e7rregullime shpirt\u00ebrore dhe nga prirje kriminale.<\/p>\n

Natyra dhe forma e ngarkes\u00ebs trash\u00ebguese jan\u00eb shfaqur te Dostojevski qysh n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e hershme. Simptom\u00eb e par\u00eb m\u00eb e fuqishme kan\u00eb qen\u00eb halucinacionet<\/em>. Ato i jan\u00eb paraqitur kur ka qen\u00eb rreth dhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7. Rastin e par\u00eb e ka treguar vet\u00eb Dostojevski n\u00eb revist\u00ebn e vet \u201cDitari i shkrimtarit\u201d<\/em>. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb, ver\u00ebs, kur ka qen\u00eb vet\u00eb n\u00eb pyll n\u00eb pron\u00ebn e babait, p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb ka d\u00ebgjuar sesi dikush b\u00ebrtet me z\u00eb t\u00eb friksh\u00ebm: \u201cJa ujku!\u201d<\/em> I frik\u00ebsuar nga britmat dhe pa mend n\u00eb krye, largohet nga pylli si i marr\u00eb, takon muzhikun Marea. Ai e qet\u00ebson dhe e nxjerr n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn q\u00eb shpie drejt fshatit.<\/p>\n

Dostojevski thot\u00eb se qysh si f\u00ebmij\u00eb ka d\u00ebgjuar lloj-lloj z\u00ebrash t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Si i vog\u00ebl, \u00ebsht\u00eb frikuar nat\u00ebn<\/em> m\u00eb shum\u00eb se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb dhe n\u00eb gjum\u00eb shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrp\u00eblitur nga frika.<\/p>\n

Nuk ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se kur i jan\u00eb paraqitur sulmet e para epileptike<\/em><\/strong>, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb edhe ato kan\u00eb filluar n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e hershme. Nj\u00eb shok i tij i f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb tregon se ka qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar i nj\u00eb sulmi t\u00eb till\u00eb epileptik, kur Dostojevski \u201c\u00ebsht\u00eb rrokullisur n\u00eb rrug\u00eb me shkum\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. Nj\u00eb shok tjet\u00ebr i tij, shkrimtari Grigorovi\u00e7 <\/strong>shkruan se s\u00ebmundja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur shum\u00eb her\u00eb qysh si student n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e inxhinieris\u00eb. \u201cDisa her\u00eb, gjat\u00eb sh\u00ebtitjeve tona t\u00eb rralla ka p\u00ebsuar sulme. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb, duke e kaluar rrug\u00ebn \u201cTrojicka\u201d, e pam\u00eb patrull\u00ebn. Dostojevski u ndal sakaq dhe mori t\u00eb kthehet. Sa i b\u00ebm\u00eb do hapa, ai p\u00ebsoi nj\u00eb sulm aq t\u00eb fort\u00eb sa q\u00eb, bashk\u00eb me do t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, e largova dhe e futa n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyqan aty pran\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Doktor Janoski <\/strong>t\u00eb cilit Dostojevski shpesh i drejtohej p\u00ebr k\u00ebshilla mjek\u00ebsore, duke e fshehur prej tij epilepsin\u00eb e vet, shkruan: \u201cS\u00ebmundja e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn m\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar Dostojevski<\/em> ka qen\u00eb e nj\u00eb natyre lokale dhe t\u00eb kufizuar. Gjat\u00eb mjekimit shpesh ankohej p\u00ebr dhimbje koke t\u00eb shpeshta q\u00eb ai i quante marramendje\u201d. Duke e p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb gjendjen e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb tij dhe duke ditur shum\u00eb\u00e7ka q\u00eb m\u2019i kishte treguar vet\u00eb ai p\u00ebr \u00e7rregullimet nervore q\u00eb i ka pasur n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri dhe duke pasur parasysh temperamentin e tij dhe konstitucionin e tij, gjithmon\u00eb kam pasur parasysh nj\u00ebfar\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeje nervore\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs sulmet e epilepsis\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta dhe jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb dukuri e r\u00ebndomt\u00eb. K\u00ebto sulme i kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar shum\u00eb miq t\u00eb tij. Poeti dhe publicisti rus Nikollaj Aleksejevi\u00e7 Njekrasov <\/strong>(1821-1878) dhe tregimtari e romancieri rus Ivan Sergejevi\u00e7 Turgenjev <\/strong>(1818-1883) e kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar rastin kur pas publikimit t\u00eb \u201cNjer\u00ebzve t\u00eb mjer\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, nj\u00eb bukuroshe e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb e ka ftuar shkrimtarin e famsh\u00ebm n\u00eb sallonin e saj, ku ka qen\u00eb e pranishme bota m\u00eb elitare. Sapo ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb krye n\u00eb at\u00eb sallon luksoz dhe plot shk\u00eblqim, ende pa u p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetur me nikoqiren, Dostojevski ka r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dysheme si t\u00eb kishte qen\u00eb qiri, i shtangur, me fytyr\u00eb t\u00eb shtremb\u00ebruar dhe me shkum\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb. A. Milukov <\/strong>n\u00eb kujtimet e veta e ka sh\u00ebnuar rastin kur Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb tek ai n\u00eb Pavllovsk\u00eb, af\u00ebr Petrogradit.<\/p>\n

Sapo e ka marr\u00eb got\u00ebn, Dostojevski ka p\u00ebsuar sulm. Kur Milukovi e ka p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb deri n\u00eb stacionin hekurudhor, papritmas ka b\u00ebrtitur n\u00eb rrug\u00eb. \u201cSulm! Tani do t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe sulm\u201d<\/em>. Por, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb nuk kishte pasur sulm, as pas tri her\u00ebve mu pas k\u00ebsaj, kur s\u00ebrish me britma ka paralajm\u00ebruar sulme. Kur t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen Milukov e ka vizituar n\u00eb banes\u00ebn e tij, Dostojevskin e kishte par\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebsuar sikur pas ndonj\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. \u201cN\u00eb fillim edhe nuk m\u00eb njohu <\/em>\u2013 pohon ky d\u00ebshmitar. Shoku m\u00eb i ngusht\u00eb i Dostojevskit, Strahov<\/strong>, shkruan se \u201csulmet e epilepsis\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj\u201d<\/em>. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rralla, her\u00eb-her\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta, madje edhe dy her\u00eb brenda jav\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Dostojevskit, si t\u00eb gjith\u00eb epileptik\u00ebve, nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb kujtuar asgj\u00eb se \u00e7\u2019ka ndodhur gjat\u00eb sulmit. Pas sulmit duhej t\u00eb kishte kaluar nj\u00ebfar\u00eb kohe p\u00ebr t\u2019i njohur miqt\u00eb apo t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit. Sikur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb epileptik\u00ebt, edhe e ka parandier shfaqjen e sulmit. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb Strahovi shkruan: \u201cShfaqjen e sulmit e ka parandier sakt\u00ebsisht, por ka pasur raste kur sulmi, ndon\u00ebse e ka parandier, nuk ka ndodhur. N\u00eb romanin \u201cIdioti\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb holl\u00ebsi parandjenja e epileptikut mu para sulmit. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb jam qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar sesi ka rrjedhur sulmi te Dostojevski. Sa m\u00eb kujtohet, ishte viti 1863, n\u00eb prag t\u00eb Pashk\u00ebve. Nat\u00ebn von\u00eb, rreth or\u00ebs 11 vjen ai tek un\u00eb. Nga biseda, Dostojevski u ngaz\u00ebllua. Ecte n\u00ebp\u00ebr dhom\u00eb. Fliste p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka t\u00eb madh\u00ebrishme dhe t\u00eb hareshme. Un\u00eb b\u00ebra nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje, nd\u00ebrsa ai p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb m\u2019u drejtua me fytyr\u00eb t\u00eb magjepsur. Kjo tregonte ngaz\u00ebllimi ishte n\u00eb kulm. Sakaq u ndal, sikur t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr mendimin e vet. Prita se do t\u00eb thot\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb pazakonshme. P\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb, nga goja e hapur e tij doli nj\u00eb z\u00eb i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, i zgjatur dhe i pakuptimt\u00eb. U rr\u00ebzua pa vet\u00ebdije n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dhom\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Strahov rr\u00ebfen: \u201cDostojevski shpesh m\u00eb ka th\u00ebn\u00eb se para sulmit ndjen \u00e7aste entuziazmi t\u00eb pazakonshme\u201d<\/em>. Dostojevski tregon: \u201dDisa \u00e7aste para se t\u00eb shfaqet sulmi ndjej nj\u00eb lumturi t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb r\u00ebndomt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur. T\u00eb tjer\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb s\u2019mund ta marrin me mend. N\u00eb vete dhe n\u00eb krejt bot\u00ebn ndjej nj\u00eb harmoni t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Kjo ndjenj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e \u00ebmb\u00ebl dhe e fuqishme saq\u00eb p\u00ebr disa \u00e7aste t\u00eb asaj lumturie do t\u00eb kisha dh\u00ebn\u00eb dhjet\u00eb vjet, madje edhe t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebn time\u201d.<\/em> Dostojevski e merr si shembull edhe profetin Muhamed<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Karakteri, mentaliteti dhe temperamenti i Dostojevskit e kan\u00eb karakteristik\u00ebn specifik t\u00eb vet. Sipas fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebllait, n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb \u201ci gjall\u00eb si zjarri, bindjen e vet e ka mbrojtur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb energjike dehe ka qen\u00eb i ashp\u00ebr n\u00eb t\u00eb folur\u201d<\/em>. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye babai shpesh i \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtuar: \u201cQet\u00ebsohu Fegj\u00eb, s\u2019ke p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar mir\u00eb… do t\u00eb fitosh k\u00ebsul\u00ebn e kuqe\u201d<\/em>, d.m.th. do t\u00eb biesh n\u00eb burg. M\u00eb von\u00eb, si student i Shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb, ai deri diku ndryshon. Nj\u00eb shok i tij i quajtur Trutovski, shkruan se \u201cme shikimin i tij dukej i kredhur n\u00eb mendime, nd\u00ebrsa me pamjen e fytyr\u00ebs dukej i p\u00ebrqendruar…gjithmon\u00eb u shmangej shok\u00ebve, ishte tejet serioz, nuk qeshte kurr\u00eb dhe nuk d\u00ebfrehej kur ishte me shok\u00ebt\u201d.<\/em> Grigorovi\u00e7 thot\u00eb se \u201cishte serioz dhe i t\u00ebrhequr<\/em> gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr mosh\u00ebn e tij\u201d.<\/em> N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar v\u00ebllait t\u00eb vet kur ishte 17-vje\u00e7ar, Dostojevski shkruan: \u201cNuk di n\u00eb do t\u00eb qet\u00ebsohen ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mendimet e mia t\u00eb kobshme\u201d<\/em>. M\u00ebsuesi i tij Sevelev<\/strong> tregon: \u201cduke qen\u00eb i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. shok\u00ebt i ngjitnin lloj-lloj nofkash. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti e thirrshin \u201cmistiku\u201d, \u201cidealisti\u201d, \u201cFotije\u201d.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto veti t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb Dostojevski i ruajti gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebs, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar. N\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri u largohej njer\u00ebzve, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb von\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt irritohej dhe ishte tejet i preksh\u00ebm. Ask\u00ebnd nuk e donte, ishte kund\u00ebrshtar i ashp\u00ebr dhe i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb pothuajse me \u00e7do k\u00ebnd me t\u00eb cilin vinte n\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb af\u00ebrt. P\u00ebrpos armiq\u00ebsis\u00eb ndaj shok\u00ebve t\u00eb tij m\u00eb mir\u00eb, ndaj Bjelinskit <\/strong>dhe Strahovit<\/strong>, ishte n\u00eb armiq\u00ebsi edhe me Turgenjevin <\/strong>e urt\u00eb dhe shpirtmir\u00eb. N\u00eb Baden t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb aq ashp\u00ebr e sulmoi dhe e ofendoi Turgenjevin saq\u00eb miq\u00ebsia e tyre u shua p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar pas k\u00ebsaj z\u00ebnke poetit Jakov Petrovi\u00e7 Pollonski <\/strong>(1820-1890), Turgenjevi e quan \u201ci marr\u00eb\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201ci pap\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Po k\u00ebshtu sillej edhe ndaj t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. L. Obolenski <\/strong>rr\u00ebfen sesi n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje gazmore, t\u00eb ulur rreth trapez\u00ebs, iu zem\u00ebrua mjekut Kuro\u00e7kin ngase ky kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb se n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje fiziologjike zemra \u00ebsht\u00eb organi m\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. \u201cDostojevski p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb iu v\u00ebrsul Kuro\u00e7kinit, me klithm\u00eb dhe shkum\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb. Ishte v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta kuptoje arsyen e zem\u00ebrat\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. B\u00ebrtiste se mjek\u00ebt fiziolog\u00eb t\u00eb sot\u00ebm i kan\u00eb ngat\u00ebrruar konceptet, se zemra nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb cop\u00eb muskuli, por forc\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore dhe morale e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Kuro\u00e7kini u p\u00ebrpoq t\u2019i p\u00ebrgjigjej me t\u00eb mir\u00eb, por kot, nd\u00ebrsa Dostojevski, nga zem\u00ebrimi nuk mund ta merrte veten\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebher\u00eb Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb te Apolon Nikollaevi\u00e7 Majkov <\/strong>(1821-1897). Atij i vjen p\u00ebr vizit\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb mik tjet\u00ebr i tij. Dostojevski menj\u00ebher\u00eb ka kaluar n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr ngase, si\u00e7 ka pohuar shpesh,\u00a0 \u201cassesi nuk ka duruar pran\u00eb vetes nj\u00eb t\u00eb panjohur\u201d<\/em>. Mysafiri e l\u00ebvdoi nikoqirin p\u00ebr poezit\u00eb q\u00eb kishte shkruar. Dostojevski e kishte d\u00ebgjuar bised\u00ebn e tyre. I zem\u00ebruar, kishte dal\u00eb nga dhoma tjet\u00ebr dhe grushtet lart\u00eb ishte drejtuar kah dera, duke b\u00ebritur: \u201c\u00c7\u2019thot\u00eb ky tin\u00ebzar!?\u201d<\/em> Princi Mesh\u00e7erski <\/strong>flet p\u00ebr rastin kur Dostojevskin e ka vizituar nj\u00eb grua \u201ce qethur\u201d dhe \u201cmoderne\u201d. Ajo fillon t\u00eb flas\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet shoq\u00ebrore. Nga t\u00ebrbimi, Dostojevskit i \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar ngjyra e fytyr\u00ebs. Ia nd\u00ebrpret fjal\u00ebn dhe e pyet: \u201cA mbaruat?\u201d \u2013 \u201cPo,…\u201d<\/em> i p\u00ebrgjigjet ajo. \u201cTani m\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni. Do t\u00eb jem m\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr se Ju. Ju llomotit\u00ebt tep\u00ebr, dhe ja \u00e7\u2019do t\u2019Ju them un\u00eb: Krejt \u00e7ka keni th\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00ebzi dhe e ul\u00ebt; m\u00eb kuptoni, marr\u00ebzi!? Shkenca pa Ju mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa familja, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, kuzhina, pa gruan nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb. Detyra e femr\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo. Krejt \u00e7ka keni th\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb budallall\u00ebk…\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

Baroni Vrangel<\/strong> e p\u00ebrshkruan nj\u00eb rast q\u00eb ia ka treguar vet\u00eb Dostojevski. Ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb Paris. Prej aty ka dashur t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur q\u00eb n\u00eb pasaport\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb viz\u00ebn e nuncit (ambasadorit) t\u00eb pap\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye Dostojevski ka ardhur dy her\u00eb n\u00eb zyr\u00ebn e nuncit, por nuk e ka takuar. Kur ka ardhur p\u00ebr s\u00eb treti, n\u00eb sall\u00ebn e pritjes takon nj\u00eb abat (kryemurg) t\u00eb ri. Ai i \u00ebsht\u00eb lutur t\u00eb ulet dhe t\u00eb pres\u00eb pak p\u00ebr arsye se \u201cmonsinjori pik\u00ebrisht tani \u00ebsht\u00eb duke pir\u00eb kafe\u201d. Pa e mbaruar fjal\u00ebn abati, Dostojevski i irrituar dhe plot mllef, b\u00ebrtet: \u201cDites a Votre Monseigneur, que je crache dans som cafe, qu\u2019il me signe immediatement mon passeport ou je me precipitrais chez\u00a0 lui avec scandal\u201d<\/em> (I thoni Monsinjorit Tuaj se e p\u00ebshtyj kafen\u00eb e tij; menj\u00ebher\u00eb le t\u00eb ma n\u00ebnshkruaj pasaport\u00ebn).\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Jeta e Dostojevskit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me mentalitetin, karakterin dhe temperamentin e tij. Ai ka jetuar 61 vjet. F\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e ka kaluar n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e prind\u00ebrve dhe si f\u00ebmij\u00eb sh\u00ebndetlig, i t\u00ebrhequr, i vetmuar dhe gjithmon\u00eb i zhytur n\u00eb leximin e librave. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 16-vje\u00e7are e ka lexuar krejt krijimtarin\u00eb e lirikut, tregimtarit dhe dramaturgut rus A. S.<\/strong> Pushkin <\/strong>(1799-1837), tregimtarin dhe dramaturgun rus me prejardhje nga Ukraina N. V. Gogol <\/strong>(1809-1852), tregimtarin francez, nism\u00ebtar i romanit-fejton<\/em> Aleksand\u00ebr Dyma <\/strong>babai (Alexandre Dumas, 1803-1870), romancierin francez Honore d\u00eb Balzak <\/strong>(Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, 1799-1850), Eugjen Shi, <\/strong>prozatoren franceze Zhorzh Sand <\/strong>(George Sand, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Aurore Dupin baronesha Dudevant, 1804-1876). P\u00ebr inteligjenc\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb tij Mereshkovski <\/strong>shkruan:<\/p>\n

“Shija dhe gjykimi letrar i tij jan\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb pavarur dhe t\u00eb pazakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr vitet e tij. Ka njohuri, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsis\u00eb ruse por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb evropiane\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Pasi e kreu gjimnazin, me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e t\u00eb atit hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e inxhinieris\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar q\u00eb andej v\u00ebllait t\u00eb vet, shkruan: \u201cKemi folur p\u00ebr Homerin, Shekspirin, Shilerin, Hofmanin<\/strong>. E di Shilerin p\u00ebrmend\u00ebsh. I kam recituar vargjet e tij dhe e kam \u00ebnd\u00ebrruar\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Shkollimin n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e inxhinieris\u00eb e kryen me sukses t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm. Sa e mbaron shkollimin, p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmarrje n\u00eb organizat\u00eb revolucionare ilegale \u201cQerthulli i Petrashevskit\u201d dhe p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarje shkrimesh ilegale, Dostojevski bie n\u00eb burg. D\u00ebnimin e vuan n\u00eb Siberi. P\u00ebrpos vuajtjeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrjetoi, n\u00eb burg iu p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsua edhe gjendja sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Ai shkruan q\u00eb andej: \u201cVuaj tmerrsh\u00ebm nga hemorroidet dhe ndjej dhimbje n\u00eb kraharor, q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk i kam pasur\u201d.<\/em> N\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr shton: \u201cSh\u00ebndeti im \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb, po t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtojm\u00eb hemorragjit\u00eb dhe nervozen e cila tek un\u00eb shfaqet si kreshendo (rritet shkall\u00eb-shkall\u00eb)<\/em>. Her\u00eb pas her\u00eb ndjej sikur di\u00e7ka ma shtr\u00ebngon gurmazin\u201d<\/em>. Shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb ankuar se i bie t\u00eb fik\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Kur vjen n\u00eb fron Aleksandri II <\/strong>(1818 \u2013 i vrar\u00eb m\u00eb 1881, perandor i Rusis\u00eb) liberal, Dostojevski amnistohet. I liruar nga burgu, martohet me Maria Dimitrijevn\u00ebn<\/strong>. Kjo ka qen\u00eb grua e nj\u00ebrit prej shok\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, pas fatkeq\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Siberi. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar dhe deri n\u00eb kufij t\u00eb skajsh\u00ebm e zhvillon veprimtarin\u00eb letrare t\u00eb vet. Vazhdimisht lufton me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb familjare dhe financiare. P\u00ebr t\u2019u ikur kamatar\u00ebve shkon n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme ku q\u00ebndron kat\u00ebr vjet. M\u00eb s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi n\u00eb Gjermani. Pas kthimit n\u00eb Rusi i shkruan nj\u00eb miku t\u00eb vet: \u201cNervat i kam tejet t\u00eb s\u00ebmura. S\u00ebmundja e gruas m\u00eb mundon tep\u00ebr. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb shpirt. \u00c7do dit\u00eb pres vdekjen. Vuajtjet e tmerrshme t\u00eb saj tmerrsh\u00ebm ndikojn\u00eb tek un\u00eb. Jam burim i keq p\u00ebr familjen time. Jeta \u00ebsht\u00eb e trishtueshme. S\u2019jam mir\u00eb me sh\u00ebndet, nat\u00ebn s\u2019b\u00ebj gjum\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gruaja i vdiq nga tuberkulozi. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb vijn\u00eb dit\u00eb akoma m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, si n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje financiare ashtu edhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Zhytet aq thell\u00eb n\u00eb borxhe saq\u00eb e pret edhe burgu. Martohet p\u00ebr s\u00eb dyti. Merr nj\u00eb grua m\u00eb t\u00eb kamur. \u00cbsht\u00eb Ana Grigorievna Smitkin<\/strong>. Ajo i ndihmon t\u00eb nxirret disi prej borxheve. Te martesa e dyt\u00eb kishte shpresa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha: \u201cDua t\u00eb filloj nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb re. Gjej lumturi familjare p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kam shum\u00eb nevoj\u00eb\u201d <\/em>\u2013 i shkruan nj\u00eb shoku t\u00eb vet pas martes\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb. \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Por lumturia nuk zgjati shum\u00eb. Zhytet n\u00eb borxhe t\u00eb reja, akoma m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, sh\u00ebndeti nd\u00ebrkaq i p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet. P\u00ebr t\u2019u shp\u00ebtuar huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsve dhe p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar gjendjen sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore bashk\u00eb me gruan niset p\u00ebr nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim t\u00eb ri n\u00ebp\u00ebr Evrop\u00eb. prej Gjeneve i shkruan shokut t\u00eb vet Majkovit ku i thot\u00eb se ka ikur prej Rusie \u201cp\u00ebr ta shp\u00ebtuar, jo vet\u00ebm sh\u00ebndetin, por edhe jet\u00ebn\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb vijim thot\u00eb se \u201csulmet e s\u00ebmundjes i jan\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur \u00e7do jav\u00eb\u201d <\/em>dhe se \u201cndjen se \u00ebsht\u00eb duke iu dob\u00ebsuar d\u00ebgjimi\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb bot\u00ebn e jashtme, pa mbushur nj\u00eb vje\u00e7, i vdes e bija. N\u00eb rulet i humb rrobat e fundit t\u00eb gruas. Me k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguljen energjike t\u00eb gruas, kthehet n\u00eb Rusi. deri n\u00eb vdekje q\u00ebndron n\u00eb Petrograd, \u201cduke punuar si kal\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019i lar\u00eb borxhet\u201d<\/em>, i shkruan mikut t\u00eb vet Aksakovit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dit\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs i ka pasur m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda. Valishevski <\/strong>shkruan: \u201cKoh\u00ebt e fundit, para shuarjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs, s\u2019ishte ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb mbetje e pik\u00eblluese e nervave t\u00eb k\u00ebputura dhe nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm krejt\u00ebsisht i shterur nga lodhja e tep\u00ebr e dit\u00ebp\u00ebrditshme n\u00eb pun\u00ebn letrare dhe gazetarie\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ndodhive t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb Dostojevskit, duhet paraqitur grosso modo<\/em><\/strong> pasqyr\u00ebn klinike t\u00eb epilepsis\u00eb. Epilepsia n\u00eb popull njihet me em\u00ebrtime t\u00eb ndryshme: ftig\u00eb, lod\u00ebrz, pun\u00ebher\u00eb, ajo pun\u00eb, ajo e tok\u00ebs, b\u00ebtaj\u00eb, bot\u00eb. Vjen nga familjet neuropatike <\/em><\/strong>dhe psikopatike<\/em><\/strong>. Paraqitet q\u00eb n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri apo edhe n\u00eb rini. Zgjat\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00ebs dhe manifestohet n\u00eb form\u00eb sulmesh t\u00eb shpeshta dhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnda apo t\u00eb rralla dhe t\u00eb lehta \u2013 r\u00ebnieje. Kemi dob\u00ebsimin shkall\u00ebzor fizik dhe mendor, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e shkurton edhe jet\u00ebn. Sulmet epileptike fillojn\u00eb r\u00ebndom me parashenja dhe me parandjenja, n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb disponimit<\/em>, n\u00eb form\u00eb ndjenje t\u00eb dhimbjes, etheve, shijes karakteristike n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb dhe m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ndijimit t\u00eb ajrit t\u00eb k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, kjo gjendje e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb psikiatri \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur \u201caur\u00eb\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>q\u00eb n\u00eb greqishten e vjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb thot\u00eb aj\u00ebr i k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm<\/em>. Shpejt pas k\u00ebsaj epileptiku l\u00ebshon nj\u00eb klithm\u00eb karakteristike dhe papritmas, si nj\u00eb cung, bie n\u00eb tok\u00eb, aty ku ka q\u00eblluar. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ekziston rreziku t\u00eb l\u00ebndohet apo edhe m\u00eb keq se kaq, po q\u00eblloi n\u00eb breg lumi, pran\u00eb zjarrit ose grope uji. Pas r\u00ebnies t\u00eb gjith\u00eb muskujt ia z\u00ebn\u00eb ng\u00ebr\u00e7et.<\/p>\n

Muskujt her\u00eb tendosen, her\u00eb shtangen dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb alternative e t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, her\u00eb tendosen dhe lirohen. Ng\u00ebr\u00e7et p\u00ebrcillen duke u rrokullisur n\u00ebp\u00ebr tok\u00eb ose duke i r\u00ebn\u00eb tok\u00ebs me duar, me k\u00ebmb\u00eb dhe me kok\u00eb. N\u00eb goj\u00eb del shkum\u00eb e cila shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjakosur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kafshimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs si pasoj\u00eb e ng\u00ebr\u00e7it t\u00eb muskujve t\u00eb nofullave si dhe shtangies s\u00eb beb\u00ebzave. Pas kalimit t\u00eb sulmit, t\u00eb gjat\u00eb apo t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, epileptiku zgjohet dhe qet\u00ebsohet, \u00e7ohet n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb. S\u2019i kujtohet gj\u00eb se \u00e7\u2019ka ndodhur me t\u00eb. Nj\u00eb koh\u00eb ndjen lodhje, dhimbje koke dhe disponim t\u00eb turbullt. Pas k\u00ebsaj i rikthehet gjendjes s\u00eb vet t\u00eb rregullt. Mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb marr\u00eb l\u00ebndime dhe plag\u00eb. ato edhe pasi t\u2019i jen\u00eb sh\u00ebruar, l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb dhe shenja n\u00eb form\u00eb vragash t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme. Sulmet mund t\u00eb shfaqen edhe nat\u00ebn, n\u00eb gjum\u00eb, n\u00eb form\u00eb \u00ebndrrash rr\u00ebqeth\u00ebse, ankthi apo n\u00eb form\u00eb somnambulizmi (gjum\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjuar). N\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb till\u00eb epileptiku \u00e7ohet nga shtrati dhe me vet\u00ebdije joaktive mund t\u00eb ec\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr sht\u00ebpi ose n\u00ebp\u00ebr jasht\u00eb saj dhe t\u00eb kryej\u00eb veprime t\u00eb caktuara.<\/p>\n

Krahas sulmit, tek epileptiku, q\u00eb n\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebri zhvillohet dhe nd\u00ebrtohet personaliteti fizik, shpirt\u00ebror dhe karakteristik epileptik apo \u201cpersonaliteti epileptik\u201d, me \u201cdegjenerim epileptik\u201d, me \u201ckonstitucion epileptik\u201d dhe me \u201ckarakter epileptik\u201d – t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet psikike q\u00eb jan\u00eb pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebtij procesi n\u00eb psikiatri jan\u00eb quajtur \u201cekuivalent\u00eb psikik\u00eb t\u00eb epilepsis\u00eb\u201d (kund\u00ebrvler\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore e epilepsis\u00eb). Nd\u00ebr karakteristikat fizike dallohen sidomos vijat e vrazhd\u00ebta t\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs dhe shtati i madh dhe forca. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye mjek\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr epilepsin\u00eb e kan\u00eb quajtur \u201cs\u00ebmundja e Herkulit\u201d<\/em>. Midis ekuivalenteve psikike, si tipare m\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb karakterit, t\u00eb mentalitetit dhe t\u00eb temperamentit epileptik theksohen paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria dhe nd\u00ebrrimi i p\u00ebrnj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm i ndjenjave dhe i disponimeve t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

Epileptik\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb disponim t\u00eb mir\u00eb, jan\u00eb dashamir\u00ebs, sh\u00ebrbyes, zem\u00ebrmir\u00eb me \u00e7\u2019rast e shprehin \u201coptimizmin epileptik\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb vet \u2013 manifestimin e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb njeridashjes dhe t\u00eb religjiozitetit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb nga nj\u00eb stil predikues dhe fjal\u00ebmb\u00ebl. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00eb psikiatrin\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr kjo s\u00ebmundje \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur \u201cmorbus sacer\u201d<\/em>, \u201cs\u00ebmundje e shenjt\u00eb\u201d,<\/em> nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb psikiatrin\u00eb e re fjalori i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur \u201cnomenklatur\u00eb hyjnore\u201d. Por, epileptik\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb me ndjenja dhe disponime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, kur jan\u00eb t\u00eb irrituar, t\u00eb zem\u00ebruar, kur nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponuar, kur jan\u00eb melankolik\u00eb, pesimist\u00eb dhe mizantrop\u00eb – t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm edhe p\u00ebr mizori dhe krime t\u00eb papritura. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dallimit dhe kund\u00ebrshtis\u00eb s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb tyre mjek\u00ebt e mesjet\u00ebs thoshin se \u201cepileptik\u00ebt n\u00eb xhep e kan\u00eb librin e lutjeve, n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb \u2013 Zotin, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb shpirt \u2013 krimin\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr \u201cekuivalentet\u201d e tjera theksohen: mungesa e koh\u00ebpaskohshme, e shkurt\u00ebr e vet\u00ebdijes e shprehur me shikim t\u00eb shtangur dhe me zbehje ose skuqje t\u00eb befasishme t\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs, gjendje kjo t\u00eb cil\u00ebn psikiatrit e vjet\u00ebr francez\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebt e kan\u00eb hetuar dhe e kan\u00eb quajtur \u201cpetit mal\u201d (s\u00ebmundje e vog\u00ebl) ose \u201cabsence\u201d<\/em> (munges\u00eb), p\u00ebr dallim nga \u201cgrand mal\u201d (s\u00ebmundje e madhe) gjat\u00eb sulmit t\u00eb madh me ng\u00ebr\u00e7e, \u201cbradipsikia\u201d<\/em> apo t\u00eb menduarit ose t\u00eb folurit e ngadal\u00ebsuar dhe q\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb form\u00eb belb\u00ebzimi, ndaljeje, p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjeje, ndezjeje dhe retorike t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt; \u201cegocentrizmi\u201d i shprehur n\u00eb theksimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u201cunit\u201d t\u00eb vet dhe n\u00eb mosp\u00ebrfilljen e interesave moral\u00eb dhe material\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrmve t\u00eb vet; bredhjet dhe endjet e koh\u00ebpaskohshme t\u00eb papritura dhe t\u00eb paparashikuara jasht\u00eb vendbanimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm, \u201cvagabondizmi\u201d gjat\u00eb gjendjes joaktive t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes kur t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebt b\u00ebjn\u00eb veprime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pamatura, shpeshher\u00eb edhe vepra penale; iluzionet dhe halucinacionet e shpeshta, sidomos t\u00eb t\u00eb parit dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebgjimit q\u00eb e ushqejn\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebn e epileptikut.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasqyra klinike e paraqitur v\u00ebrehet si n\u00eb personalitetin dhe jet\u00ebn e Dostojevskit ashtu edhe n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb flasin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna dhe d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb shumta biografike: Sociologu dhe publicisti\u00a0 rus Nikollaj K.<\/strong> Mihajllovski <\/strong>(1842-1904) n\u00eb studimin e tij \u201cTalenti mizor\u201d<\/em> shkruan se Dostojevski k\u00ebnaqet mizorisht n\u00eb mundimet dhe n\u00eb vuajtjet e personazheve letrare t\u00eb tij. tregimtari dhe romancieri rus Ivan S.<\/strong> Turgenjev <\/strong>(1818-1883) i cili Dostojevskin e ka njohur p\u00ebr s\u00eb af\u00ebrmi, n\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar tregimtarit rus Mihail Jografovi\u00e7 Saltikov-Sh\u00e7edrin<\/strong> (1826-1889) shkruan se plot\u00ebsisht pajtohet me Mihaillovskin<\/strong> dhe haptazi e quan Dostojevskin \u201csadist\u201d<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em> duke shtuar se \u201csadizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb tipari themelor i krijimeve letrare t\u00eb tij\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebri prej biograf\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit, Vjetrinski<\/strong>, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb rezyme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe tejet t\u00eb shtjelluar, shkruan: \u201cTe Dostojevski ky tipar i karakterit epileptik kalon n\u00eb pasion t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i zb\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb holl\u00ebsi dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i par\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb vuajtjet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb shpirtit njer\u00ebzor. N\u00eb veprat e tij qartas bie n\u00eb sy dukuria q\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet, e kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb se vet\u00eb shkrimtari n\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve ndjen k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi. V\u00ebshtir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb mendohet se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb veti e \u00e7do psike njer\u00ebzore apo se \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit. Kjo duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb tipar q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristik p\u00ebr vet\u00eb Dostojevskin dhe q\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje patologjike \u00ebsht\u00eb i af\u00ebrt me zvet\u00ebnimin sadist.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e t\u00ebra. Dostojevski nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm sadist, ai nuk k\u00ebnaqet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve. Atij i krijojn\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi edhe fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb e veta. N\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje psikike, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe mazohist<\/strong>. Jeta personale e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrplot fatkeq\u00ebsi dhe vuajtje. Situatat tep\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb tij nuk vijn\u00eb nga ndonj\u00eb veprim i jasht\u00ebm, por vijn\u00eb si di\u00e7ka q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet q\u00ebllimisht. N\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre ai i ngjan njeriut t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas alkoolit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se rakia \u00ebsht\u00eb helm, por q\u00eb nuk mund pa t\u00eb. At\u00eb e shtyn di\u00e7ka nga brenda, pasioni dhe instinkti alkoolik i tij, ai e k\u00ebrkon, e pi dhe dehet me \u00ebndje. Dostojevski e di se Siberia \u00ebsht\u00eb rob\u00ebri, vuajtje dhe fatkeq\u00ebsi dhe pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb e k\u00ebrkon at\u00eb dhe e l\u00ebvdon. Ai duhet t\u00eb ik\u00eb prej huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb ngase nuk mund t\u2019i laj\u00eb borxhet, duron mjerim dhe skamje, megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb luan bixhoz dhe n\u00eb rulet humb krejt \u00e7ka ka, e humb madje edhe fustanin e fundit t\u00eb gruas. Dostojevski e ka ngritur fatkeq\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00eb kulti. Ideologjin\u00eb e fatkeq\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshi edhe fatkeq\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet e ka zhvilluar si askush para tjet\u00ebr\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb bisede me shokun e vet, filozofin, poetin, kritikun letrar, teologun rus \u00a0Vlladimir Sergeevi\u00e7 Sollovjov<\/strong> (1853-1900), ai bu\u00e7et me entuziaz\u00ebm: \u201cSiberia, rob\u00ebria, kjo p\u00ebr mua ishte nj\u00eb lumturi e madhe\u201d<\/em>. Te \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em> thot\u00eb se \u201cideja buron prej fatkeq\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dhimbja<\/em> dhe vuajtja<\/em> v\u00ebrtet jan\u00eb e vetmja baz\u00eb e fort\u00eb e \u00e7do krijimtarie dhe purgator i sigurt i ideologjis\u00eb sociale<\/em> dhe humane<\/em>. Nga dhimbja dhe vuajtja lind dashuria ndaj njer\u00ebzve, zgjohen dhe zhvillohen ndjenjat njer\u00ebzore. Te Dostojevski dhimbja dhe vuajtja lindin dashuri ndaj hyjnis\u00eb,<\/em><\/strong> por urrejtje dhe krim ndaj njer\u00ebzve<\/strong><\/em>. P\u00ebr nga fjal\u00ebt, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb besimtar, por veprat e tij jan\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb fanatik i dashuris\u00eb s\u00eb Krishtit ndaj t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit<\/em><\/strong>, por jo edhe i aksionit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim. Ai e nd\u00ebrpret miq\u00ebsin\u00eb me shokun e vet, kritikun letrar dhe teoricienin rus Visarion Grigorijevi\u00e7 Bjelinski <\/strong>(1811-1846) dhe b\u00ebhet armik i hapur i tij vet\u00ebm ngase ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ateist dhe nuk beson n\u00eb Zot<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dostojevski shkruan: \u201dAi njeri, Bjelinski, e ka fyer Krishtin para meje, por ai nuk mund t\u00eb krahasohet me Krishtin edhe sikur t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb bashk\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha forcat morale t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj bote\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb me shokun e tij t\u00eb af\u00ebrt Strahov, i cili po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb ateist<\/em>, pas d\u00ebshmive t\u00eb shumta Dostojevski b\u00ebrtet me t\u00ebrbim i dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb vetes: \u201cEkziston nj\u00eb Zot! Po!<\/em> Zoti ekziston!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar zonj\u00ebs fon Vizin\u00eb<\/strong> shkruan: \u201cBesoj se s\u2019ka gj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur, m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb, m\u00eb simpatik, m\u00eb t\u00eb men\u00e7ur, m\u00eb burr\u00ebror dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer se Krishti dhe jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb s\u2019ka, por i them vetes me nj\u00eb dashuri ziliqare se s\u2019ka edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur<\/em>. Po t\u00eb m\u00eb d\u00ebshmonte ndokush se Krishti \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, edhe sikur t\u00eb jet\u00eb ashtu, m\u00eb par\u00eb do t\u00eb kisha q\u00ebndruar me Krishtin se me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn\u201d<\/em>.\u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo, derisa n\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fanatik i dashuris\u00eb s\u00eb Krishtit, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb njeri-urrejt\u00ebs<\/em> (mizantrop) i ashp\u00ebr, madje potencialisht edhe kriminel, kriminel n\u00eb shpirt. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast ai shkruan haptas: \u201cTa duash njeriun n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi \u2013 do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ta p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebsh, e ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb edhe ta urresh njeriun konkret, q\u00eb e ke aty pran\u00eb<\/em>. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb e dua njer\u00ebzimin aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr i urrej individ\u00ebt. N\u00eb \u00ebndrra mund edhe t\u00eb flijohem p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimin. Por, me njeri tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dhom\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb rija as edhe dy dit\u00eb. Kjo p\u00ebr mua \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e pamundur<\/em>. Jam armik i \u00e7do t\u00eb af\u00ebrmi<\/em>. N\u00eb shpirt, t\u00eb af\u00ebrmin mund edhe ta duash nga larg, por nga af\u00ebr \u2013 assesi\u201d. Mund ta duash vet\u00ebm njeriun e fshehur, t\u00eb paduksh\u00ebm. Sapo e tregon fytyr\u00ebn e vet, dashuria zhduket<\/em>. Mendoj se njeriu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb doj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrmin e vet\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nga rr\u00ebfimi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm mund t\u00eb nxirren p\u00ebrfundime t\u00eb shumta. Del se Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb larg krishterimit<\/em> <\/strong>aq sa edhe filozofi dhe poeti gjerman, ateisti<\/em> Fridrih Ni\u00e7e <\/strong>(Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900). Ni\u00e7e <\/strong>vet\u00eb ka th\u00ebn\u00eb se para Dostojevskit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i vog\u00ebl dhe se shkoll\u00ebn e ka marr\u00eb prej tij. Ni\u00e7e <\/strong>shkruan: \u201cDostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi psikolog nga i cili kam pasur \u00e7\u2019t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj. Njohjen me t\u00eb e konsideroj si m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebn ngjarje n\u00eb jet\u00ebn time\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

S\u2019ka rus q\u00eb e ka njohur dhe q\u00eb i ka besuar krishterimit t\u00eb Dostojevskit. N\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar nj\u00eb miku t\u00eb vet tregimtari, romancieri dhe dramaturgu rus Leon Tolstoj <\/strong>(1828-1910) shkruan: \u201cM\u00eb duket se keni qen\u00eb viktim\u00eb e konceptimit t\u00eb rrejsh\u00ebm mbi Dostojevskin. Jo vet\u00ebm Ju, e gjith\u00eb bota e zmadhuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij dhe kjo e ka zmadhuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shabllonike, duke e ngritur n\u00eb shkall\u00eb profeti dhe shenjtori<\/strong>, at\u00eb, njeriun i cili ka vdekur n\u00eb faz\u00ebn kur n\u00eb t\u00eb ka shp\u00ebrthyer fuqish\u00ebm lufta nd\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb mir\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb keqes. Krijimet e tij t\u00eb prekin n\u00eb zem\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, por ta ngresh si monument<\/strong> dhe si shembull p\u00ebr brezat<\/strong>, njeriun q\u00eb i t\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb luft\u00eb \u2013 kjo nuk shkon\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tregimtari dhe romancieri rus i cili ka jetuar shum\u00eb vjet n\u00eb Gjermani dhe n\u00eb Franc\u00eb Ivan S. Turgenjev <\/strong>(1818-1883) n\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar tregimtarit rus Salltikov <\/strong>(Mihail Jevgrafovi\u00e7 Saltikov-Sh\u00e7edrin, 1826-1889), p\u00ebr religjiozitetin e Dostojevskit flet edhe m\u00eb me vendosm\u00ebri: \u201cDhe vet\u00ebm kur ta marrim me mend se k\u00ebtij markezi ton\u00eb<\/strong> de Sad<\/strong> t\u00eb gjith\u00eb peshkop\u00ebt rus\u00eb i kan\u00eb mbajtur p\u00ebrshpirtje, madje kan\u00eb mbajtur edhe predikime p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb-dashurin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij njeriu! V\u00ebrtet jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme!\u201d <\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pra, sipas disa studiuesve rus\u00eb, ndjenja fetare te Dostojevski nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb. K\u00ebtu fjal\u00ebt dhe veprat nuk p\u00ebrputhen.\u00a0Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rregullt as natyra e tij shpirt\u00ebrore-morale<\/em>.\u00a0Kritiku letrar rus Leo Shestov <\/strong>(Lev Isaakovi\u010d Schwartzman, 1866-1938) n\u00eb studimin e tij p\u00ebr Dostojevskin shkruan: \u201cDostojevski kurr\u00eb nuk ka dashur t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb se idet\u00eb e njeriut n\u00eb \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d <\/em>(1864) jan\u00eb t\u00eb tijat dhe gjithmon\u00eb i ka pasur n\u00eb xhep idet\u00eb parakaluese t\u00eb cilat, sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb i shmangeshin thelbit t\u00eb d\u00ebshirave p\u00ebrgj\u00ebruese t\u00eb tij aq m\u00eb me histeri i theksonte\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Prozatori rus Gleb Ivanovi\u00e7 Uspenski <\/strong>(1843-1902) konstaton t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dhe e v\u00ebrteton me shembullin e fjalimit t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb Dostojevskit me rastin e bekimit<\/em> t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendores s\u00eb lirikut, tregimtarit dhe dramaturgut rus Aleksand\u00ebr Sergeevi\u00e7 Pushkin <\/strong>(1799-1837) n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fjalim ai v\u00ebren se Dostojevski e ka kallur publikun n\u00eb solemnitet vet\u00ebm me ekstaz\u00ebn e vet, me nervat e zjarrta dhe me shp\u00ebrthimin fanatik t\u00eb emocioneve. \u201cPo ta lexojm\u00eb me kujdes fjalimin do t\u00eb shohim se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrplot kund\u00ebrth\u00ebnie dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb bind\u00ebs\u201d.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Misticizmi karakteristik i Dostojevskit, p\u00ebrpos nga religjioziteti dhe krimi, \u00ebsht\u00eb determinuar edhe dhimbja dhe fatkeq\u00ebsia apo vuajtja. Misticizmi i tij ka nj\u00eb baz\u00eb mesianike-krishtere dhe nacionaliste t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mjegullt.<\/p>\n

Mjeku francez Dr<\/strong>. Gaston Loig <\/strong>e ka shkruar patografin\u00eb <\/em><\/strong>m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr Dostojevskin. Ai thot\u00eb: \u201cDostojevski ka pasur dy arsye t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb mistik: \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2013 epileptik, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2013 rus\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dostojevski ka besuar me fanatiz\u00ebm n\u00eb misionin historik t\u00eb tij<\/em><\/strong>, K\u00ebsaj i ka besuar qysh n\u00eb rini, q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kur p\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u2019ka ditur kush. Ai veten e ka \u00e7muar lart\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shpirtin e vet por edhe publikisht, para bot\u00ebs. Edhe gojarisht edhe n\u00eb letrat e veta, vazhdimisht e ka krahasuar veten her\u00eb me Pushkinin<\/strong>, her\u00eb me Gogolin<\/strong>, her\u00eb me ndonj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gjigant letrar. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast prore i ka p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur fjal\u00ebt e poetit, historianit, veprimtarit politik rus Nikollaj Platonovi\u00e7 Ogarev <\/strong>(1813-1877) se e d\u00ebshiron \u201cedhe jet\u00ebn, edhe dhimbjen edhe vdekjen e profetit\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dostojevski gjithmon\u00eb flet prer\u00eb, pa hamendje, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb fanatike dhe dogmatike dhe\u00a0 s\u2019e merr dot parasysh dilem\u00ebn e askujt. Bindjen e vet e imponon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb diktatoriale dhe s\u2019duron dot kurrfar\u00eb diskutimi.<\/p>\n

Shoku i tij Stahejev <\/strong>rr\u00ebfen sesi Dostojevski ka shkuar nj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrulje te murgu, eremiti dhe predikuesi n\u00eb Shkret\u00ebtir\u00ebn Optina (Optina Pustinja). \u201cM\u00eb shum\u00eb fliste Dostojevski se murgu, shqet\u00ebsohej, i p\u00ebrgjigjej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb zjarrt\u00eb, e sqaronte kuptimin e fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb veta dhe n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u2019i d\u00ebgjonte k\u00ebshillat e k\u00ebrkuara, vet\u00eb ai dilte n\u00eb rolin e m\u00ebsuesit\u201d<\/em>. Stahajev shton: \u201cRi dhe d\u00ebgjoj sesi t\u00ebr\u00eb nat\u00ebn<\/em> flet pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb. Ja, tani do t\u00eb \u00e7mendet. Gjat\u00eb t\u00eb folurit shqet\u00ebsohej tej mase dhe dilte nga tema n\u00eb tem\u00eb. Ishte bashk\u00ebbisedues i r\u00ebnd\u00eb, nuk donte t\u2019i kund\u00ebrvihesh, nuk lejonte t\u2019ia nd\u00ebrpres\u00ebsh fjal\u00ebn, as t\u2019i nd\u00ebrhysh n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. Po qe se ndokush i nd\u00ebrhynte me ndonj\u00eb v\u00ebrejtje, i kthehej atij: \u201cHesht, mos m\u2019u b\u00ebj i men\u00e7ur!\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Her\u00eb-her\u00eb Dostojevski binte n\u00eb ekstaz\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb manifestimit gjith\u00eb-popullor \u201cDit\u00ebt e Pushkinit\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1880 kur e mbajti fjalimin e njohur para p\u00ebrurimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendores s\u00eb Pushkinit, para nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh njer\u00ebzish ra n\u00eb ekstaz\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb saq\u00eb miqt\u00eb e tij u frikuan p\u00ebr gjendjen shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb tij. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb kishin p\u00ebrshtypjen se do t\u2019i luajn\u00eb mendt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Strahovi <\/strong>shkruan: \u201cDostojevski filloi t\u2019i recitoj\u00eb vargje nga \u201cProfeti\u201d (Prorok) i Pushkinit, dy her\u00eb me radh\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja her\u00ebt me aq entuziaz\u00ebm t\u00eb tendosur saq\u00eb ishte e pak\u00ebndshme p\u00ebr ta d\u00ebgjuar. Recitonte aq z\u00ebsh\u00ebm saq\u00eb dukej se e th\u00ebrret dik\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Misticizmin dhe vizionaritetin e vet e plot\u00ebsonte dhe e ushqente me seanca<\/em> te magjistarja si dhe me seanca sipritistike n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat shkonte bashk\u00eb me filozofin Vlladimir Sollovjov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Lidhur me shfaqjet e s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb vet Dostojevski thot\u00eb: \u201cJu njer\u00ebz t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb, nuk mund ta merrni me mend se \u00e7\u2019lumturi ndjejm\u00eb ne epileptik\u00ebt, pak para sulmit. Nuk e di n\u00ebse kjo gjendje e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb zgjat\u00eb disa \u00e7aste, disa or\u00eb, disa muaj, por besom\u00ebni se s\u2019do ta jepja as edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsit\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj bote\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

Frym\u00ebzimi artistik i Dostojevskit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb plot\u00eb me jet\u00ebn e tij. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt i epilepsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, n\u00eb at\u00eb mas\u00eb sa edhe karakteri, mentaliteti dhe temperamenti i tij. Lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb A. Milukov <\/strong>shkruan n\u00eb kujtimet e tij: \u201cP\u00ebrpos t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs jet\u00ebsore dhe sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb jet\u00ebsore, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e personazheve t\u00eb tij, sidomos n\u00eb veprat e tij t\u00eb fundit, e mbajn\u00eb edhe vul\u00ebn e nj\u00ebfar\u00eb fantazie patologjike. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb personazhet letrare t\u00eb tij na duken sikur i shohim n\u00ebp\u00ebr qelq t\u00eb ngjyrosur q\u00eb u jep atyre kolorit fantazme. Krejt kjo si dhe karakteri\u00a0\u00a0 personal i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb produkt i s\u00ebmundjes fatzeze t\u00eb tij\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shum\u00eb vepra t\u00eb veta Dostojevski ka paraqitur pothuajse vet\u00ebm tipa patologjik\u00eb, jonormal\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb fotograf i Rusis\u00eb s\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb ruse t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Duke fluturuar n\u00eb mendime n\u00ebp\u00ebr tipat letrar\u00eb t\u00eb tij lexuesi ka p\u00ebrshtypjen se kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr repartet e \u00e7mendin\u00ebs apo t\u00eb entit nd\u00ebshkimor. Aty lexuesi i has kriminel\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong> e \u201cSh\u00ebnimeve nga sht\u00ebpia e t\u00eb vdekurve\u201d: Petrovin, Sushillovin, Cazinin, Orllovin, Lluk\u00ebn, Bahllushinin si dhe kriminel\u00ebt e tjer\u00ebt t\u00eb burgjeve t\u00eb Siberis\u00eb. M\u00eb pas lexuesi sheh vras\u00ebsin megaloman, melankolikun e paranoikun e tmerrsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong> Raskollnikovin sesi e vret me s\u00ebpat\u00eb plak\u00ebn, e pas k\u00ebsaj drobitet n\u00eb Siberi. Te Idioti\u201d<\/em> sheh vras\u00ebsin<\/em><\/strong> Rogozhin sesi p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr ta vrar\u00eb princ Mishkinin, i cili rast\u00ebsisht\u00a0 shp\u00ebton ngase mu n\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7ast ndodh sulmi epileptik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vend t\u00eb tij Rogozhini e vret Natasia Filipovn\u00ebn \u2013 n\u00eb prag t\u00eb \u00e7mendjes \u2013 kur e ndjen se duke e mposhtur fizikisht at\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se e ke fituar edhe dashurin\u00eb e shpirtit t\u00eb saj. Vjen vras\u00ebsi<\/em><\/strong> Trusocki i romanit \u201cBurri i amshuesh\u00ebm\u201d<\/em> i cili m\u00ebson se e bija nuk pask\u00ebsh qen\u00eb e vetja, ndaj e ther me brisk, n\u00eb gjum\u00eb, fajtorin Vel\u00e7aninov. P\u00ebrpos vras\u00ebsve jan\u00eb edhe kriminel\u00ebt politik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>: Erkeni, Tollka\u00e7enku, Virginski, Verhovenski, Stavrogini, Lamshini, Lipuqini, Fegjku e t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebp\u00ebr veprat e Dostojevskit takon epileptik\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> q\u00eb rrokullisen n\u00eb tok\u00eb, me ng\u00ebr\u00e7e, me shkum\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00eb si: Neli i romanit \u201cT\u00eb fyer dhe t\u00eb posht\u00ebruar\u201d<\/em>, princ Mishkini i \u201cIdiotit\u201d<\/em>, Smerdjakov i romanit \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, Kirilovi i \u201cShpirtrave t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201d<\/em>. Duke udh\u00ebtuar n\u00ebp\u00ebr veprat e tij sheh halucinacionet<\/em><\/strong> e Ivan Karamazovit t\u00eb \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em> si dhe t\u00eb Svidrigajllovit t\u00eb romanit \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>. I pari e sheh djallin dhe bisedon gjat\u00eb me t\u00eb, i dyti i rr\u00ebfen Raskollnikovit sesi tri her\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb fanitur gruaja e vet e ndjer\u00eb. Duke lexuar Dostojevskin has\u00ebsh n\u00eb grupin e<\/em><\/strong> neuropat\u00ebve <\/em><\/strong>dhe t\u00eb psikopat\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>. Ata ndodhen n\u00eb sulm histerik. Jelisaveta Hohllakova t\u00eb \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em> dhe Liza Drozdova e \u201cShpirtrave t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Aty ndodhet degjeneriku<\/em><\/strong> Sokolski i \u201cDjaloshit t\u00eb ri\u201d<\/em>, maniaku<\/em><\/strong> dhe melankoliku<\/em><\/strong> Hipolit nga Idioti\u201d<\/em>, Katarina Mermelladova e krisur<\/em><\/strong> nga \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>. Aty ndodhet t\u00ebr\u00eb familja e \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrve Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>: plaku Karamazov, pervers<\/em><\/strong> i pushtuar nga epshi<\/em><\/strong>; halucinanti<\/em><\/strong> Dimitrie; degjeneriku i shthurur, me t\u00eb meta mendore<\/em><\/strong>, Alosha; epileptiku<\/em><\/strong> dhe krimineli dinak<\/em><\/strong> Smerdjakov. M\u00eb n\u00eb fund n\u00ebp\u00ebr ato vepra e gjen edhe falang\u00ebn e atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas alkoolit<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb krye me Marmelladov\u00ebn e romanit \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>, gjeneral Ivolgin dhe Lebegjevin e \u201cIdiotit\u201d, <\/em>Lebjadkinin e Shpirtrave t\u00eb k\u00ebqij\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Duke paraqitur tipa t\u00eb shumt\u00eb patologjik<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje klinike t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, Dostojevski i p\u00ebrgjigjet sakt\u00ebsisht edhe pyetjes: nga vijn\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto s\u00ebmurje shpirt\u00ebrore dhe prap\u00ebsira!? Shkakun e sheh te mjedisi shoq\u00ebror i s\u00ebmur\u00eb q\u00eb e paraqet mjesht\u00ebrisht dhe q\u00eb e has kudo n\u00ebp\u00ebr Rusi. Shkakun e sheh edhe n\u00eb trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb jo t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme: Raskollnikovi ka lindur nga nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb jonormale e cila \u00e7mendet sapo merr lajmin se i biri \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me d\u00ebnim burgu; Smergjakovi ka lindur nga babai Fjodor Karamazov, insanit<\/em> moral, pervers i rr\u00ebmbyer nga epshi dhe degjenerik \u201csi nga epoka e r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Rom\u00ebs\u201d <\/em>dhe nga n\u00ebna idiote<\/em>; v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Ivan, Dimit\u00ebr dhe Alosha kan\u00eb lindur nga n\u00ebna histerike q\u00eb kishte vdekur her\u00ebt, mbase nga tuberkulozi si dhe nga babai Karamazov; Babai i Nelit \u00ebsht\u00eb i dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas alkoolit nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb epileptike; babai i Sonj\u00ebs, Marmelladov \u00ebsht\u00eb i varur nga alkooli, nd\u00ebrsa ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb prostitu, etj.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Profesori rus i psikiatris\u00eb \u00c7iz<\/strong>, n\u00eb studimin e vet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb \u201cDostojevski si psikopatolog\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00eb veprat letrare t\u00eb tij num\u00ebron rreth 40 tipa t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve nervore dhe shpirt\u00ebrore<\/em><\/strong> si dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>. Psikiatri tjet\u00ebr rus Bazhenov <\/strong>e thekson k\u00ebt\u00eb si prov\u00eb t\u00eb forc\u00ebs krijuese intuitave t\u00eb Dostojevskit. Ai shton po ashtu se Dostojevski, pa qen\u00eb mjek ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb problemet e nd\u00ebrlikuara t\u00eb psikiatris\u00eb para psikiatrit francez Manjanit <\/strong>dhe para psikiat\u00ebrve djaloshar\u00eb Kraft-Ebing <\/strong>dhe Shile<\/strong>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr psikiatrin\u00eb kan\u00eb shtruar debate t\u00eb reja. Vler\u00ebsimet profesionale t\u00eb \u00c7izit dhe t\u00eb Bazhenovit, si dhe karakteristikat psikologjike q\u00eb i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr Dostojevskin Turgenjevi, Tolstoi dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jan\u00eb dokumente t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ata tregojn\u00eb se ai i ka mbajtur n\u00eb shpirtin e vet t\u00eb gjith\u00eb personazhet letrare t\u00eb veta. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye i ka paraqitur dhe i ka p\u00ebrshkruar me besnik\u00ebri. P\u00ebr ta kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00e7el\u00ebsin e ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb Shileri<\/strong> kur thot\u00eb: \u201cPo qe se d\u00ebshiron ta njoh\u00ebsh veten, shiko sesi b\u00ebhet te t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt; po qe se d\u00ebshiron t\u2019i njoh\u00ebsh t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, shiko n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn t\u00ebnde\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

Dostojevski, sikur Tolstoi, nuk ka qen\u00eb vet\u00ebm letrar, por edhe mendimtar<\/em><\/strong>. Por, sikur Tolstoi<\/strong>, edhe Dostojevski ka d\u00ebshtuar si mendimtar ngase nuk e ka nd\u00ebrtuar sistemin ideor t\u00eb vet. Tolstoi<\/strong> k\u00ebt\u00eb e ka konstatuar m\u00eb s\u00eb miri. N\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar Strahovit ai thot\u00eb se, si mendimtar Dostojevski nuk ka nj\u00eb rend mendimesh. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ato jan\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrth\u00ebnie t\u00eb thel\u00eb dhe vazhdimisht ndodhen n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Sipas tij \u201cDostojevski si mendimtar \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn feler\u201d.<\/em> Ideja e Dostojevskit \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cn\u00ebn feler\u201d<\/em> p\u00ebr arsye se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb ide epileptike, p\u00ebr arsye se edhe ai \u201clibrin e lutjeve e ka n\u00eb xhep, Zotin n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb dhe krimin n\u00eb shpirt\u201d<\/em>. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn arsye edhe ideologjia<\/em> e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cn\u00ebn feler\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ai e urrente kultur\u00ebn evropiane, proletariatin evropian aq sa edhe borgjezin\u00eb evropiane p\u00ebr arsye se t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt jan\u00eb materialiste<\/em>. P\u00ebrball\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs thekson iden\u00eb mistike dhe teorin\u00eb e vet se populli rus \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebrguar prej Zotit, \u00ebsht\u00eb mbart\u00ebs i \u201csocializmit rus\u201d t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Rolin e popullit hyjnor e kupton n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e vet. Hyjnorin e paramendon si nj\u00eb rus shovinist dhe ortodoks, nj\u00eb rus q\u00eb ka si mision t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrhap nacionalizmin rus dhe ortodoksin\u00eb ruse n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs. Madje \u201cme shpat\u00ebn n\u00eb dor\u00eb\u201d si\u00e7 i shkruan n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e vet Hniirov\u00ebs<\/strong>. Hyjnori nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb pa Sh\u00ebn-Sofin\u00eb e Stambollit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb konceptin p\u00ebr misionin e paramenduar t\u00eb popullit rus e ka shtjelluar dhe e ka theksuar ve\u00e7mas. Koha revolucionare n\u00eb Rusi s\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr pos \u201cintrig\u00eb e alogjen\u00ebve\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb cil\u00ebt hyjnori duhet t\u2019i shfaros\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj, \u201cme zjarr dhe shpat\u00eb\u201d<\/em> sikund\u00ebr shkruan n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e vet d\u00ebrguar Tucikovi\u00e7it<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ndaj revolucionar\u00ebve, \u201chyjnori\u201d duhet t\u00eb sillet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. N\u00eb \u201cLibrin e sh\u00ebnimeve\u201d<\/em> Dostojevski k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb revolucionar\u00ebt t\u00eb varr\u00ebn n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetit \u201chyjnor\u201d, p\u00ebr arsye se \u201cshteti ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kish\u00eb si\u00e7 do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kur t\u2019i vij\u00eb koha\u201d<\/em>. Konceptin e vet \u201ct\u00eb popullit hyjnor, t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nga Zoti\u201d <\/em>m\u00eb s\u00eb miri e ravij\u00ebzon n\u00eb letr\u00ebn d\u00ebrguar Apolon Majkovit n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn i flet p\u00ebr konfliktin me Turgenjevin<\/strong> n\u00eb Baden t\u00eb Gjermnais\u00eb. Turgenjevi, nj\u00eb per\u00ebndimor i kthjell\u00ebt, evropian, racionalist dhe pozitivist, i d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar nga rrethanat shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb r\u00ebnda dhe ngulfat\u00ebse n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi<\/em>, n\u00eb Rusi, e shkruan romanin e vet \u201cTymi\u201d<\/em> (1868) n\u00eb shenj\u00eb proteste kund\u00ebr asaj gjendjeje.<\/p>\n

Personazhi kryesor i romanit, Litvinov, shk\u00ebputet nga shoq\u00ebria e kamur ruse e t\u00eb papun\u00ebve dhe e fjalaman\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb banj\u00eb gjermane, e merr trenin dhe kthehet n\u00eb Rusi p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrveshur pun\u00ebs shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb mundimshme dhe t\u00eb dobishme dhe si agronom t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb buk\u00ebn e goj\u00ebs me djers\u00ebn e ballit. Duke ndenjur n\u00eb kupen\u00eb e vagonit dhe duke shikuar sesi ngrihet tymi nga oxhaku i lokomotiv\u00ebs, ai vetvetiu p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit: \u201cTym, tym, tym\u201d<\/em>. Turgenjevi<\/strong> thot\u00eb: \u201cN\u00eb at\u00eb \u00e7ast, \u00e7do gj\u00eb p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb i \u00ebsht\u00eb dukur si\u00a0 tym, jeta e vet, jeta ruse, \u00e7do gj\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, e sidomos \u00e7do gj\u00eb ruse\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ky roman e ka zem\u00ebruar Dostojevskin deri n\u00eb t\u00ebrbim. N\u00eb shum\u00eb letra t\u00eb veta e nxjerr zem\u00ebrat\u00ebn e vet, jo vet\u00ebm ndaj Turgenjevit<\/strong> por edhe ndaj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve rus\u00eb, po edhe ndaj kultur\u00ebs evropiane, duke ia kund\u00ebrv\u00ebn\u00eb asaj idealin e vet komb\u00ebtar dhe rrug\u00ebn kulturore ruse t\u00eb pavarur. K\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb vetin e ka paraqitur si n\u00eb artikujt e vet publicistik\u00eb ashtu edhe n\u00eb veprat e veta t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. N\u00eb romanin \u201cIdioti\u201d<\/em> e paraqet me dashuri t\u00eb madhe personazhin kryesor, princin Mishkin, p\u00ebr arsye se \u00ebsht\u00eb degjenerik dhe idiot. Me admirim i paraqet edhe personazhet e pakulturuar Rogozhinin dhe Nastasien t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb \u201cplot pasion si njer\u00ebzit e eg\u00ebr, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb njer\u00ebzish\u00ebm\u201d. Nastasia grabit nj\u00eb sasi parash dhe i hedh n\u00eb zjarr. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb b\u00ebrtasin: \u201cTi s\u2019qenke n\u00eb vete, qenke \u00e7mendur!\u201d<\/em>, nd\u00ebrsa Rogozhini, i qet\u00eb dhe ngadh\u00ebnjyes b\u00ebrtet: \u201cJa pra, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb mbret\u00ebresh\u00eb! Ja, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb ne! Cili prej jush, hajdut\u00eb, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb mjesht\u00ebri t\u00eb k\u00ebtill\u00eb?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Idioti Mishkin i tregon Rogozhinit nj\u00eb anekdot\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00ebn\u00ebn e cila e ka puthur t\u00eb birin kur i \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrsulur p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Ajo e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye se qesh edhe Zoti n\u00eb qiell kur sheh se posht\u00eb, n\u00eb tok\u00eb edhe m\u00ebkatari p\u00ebrulet dhe lutet. Idioti ka treguar k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar se \u201cthelbi i ndjenj\u00ebs fetare nuk mund t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohet kurrfar\u00eb gjykimi\u201d <\/em>dhe \u201ckjo shihet m\u00eb s\u00eb miri n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn ruse\u201d<\/em>. Mishkini, Rogozhini dhe Nastasia jan\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti e evropian\u00ebve, ata jan\u00eb rus\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye se sipas kritereve evropiane jan\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb. Per\u00ebndimor\u00ebt, evropian\u00ebt jan\u00eb racionalist\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em>udh\u00ebhiqen nga arsyeja. <\/em>Si t\u00eb till\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb vet\u00ebm te nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>, nd\u00ebrsa rus\u00ebt, racionalist\u00eb, t\u00eb marr\u00eb, t\u00eb papenguar nga arsyeja dhe me ndihm\u00ebn e ndjenj\u00ebs religjioze do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb tek e v\u00ebrteta e plot\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ideja ideologjike themelore e romanit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha skajshm\u00ebrive t\u00eb ideologjis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb filozofis\u00eb s\u00eb vet, Dostojevski ka pasur forc\u00eb vizionare t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Me syt\u00eb vizionar\u00eb t\u00eb vet ai e ka par\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ruse t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb. Ka parapar\u00eb tronditje shoq\u00ebrore dhe transformim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb Rusi, para se t\u00eb piqeshin kushtet. Historian\u00ebt rus\u00eb t\u00eb rrethanave shoq\u00ebrore dhe kulturore ia kan\u00eb pranuar Dostojevskit luciditetin q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjall\u00eb, duke e cil\u00ebsuar si \u201cprofet t\u00eb revolucionit rus\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

SHKRIMTAR\u00cbT E M\u00cbDHENJ P\u00cbR DOSTOJEVSKIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga Dostojevski jan\u00eb ndikuar shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit, q\u00eb nga filozofi dhe poeti gjerman Fridrih Ni\u00e7e <\/strong>(Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900) deri te novelisti dhe romancieri amerikan Ernest Heminguei <\/strong>(Ernest Hemingway, 1898-1962). N\u00ebn ndikimin e tij kan\u00eb qen\u00eb zhanre <\/em><\/strong>dhe l\u00ebvizje filozofike<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Themeluesi i psikanaliz\u00ebs, <\/em><\/strong>neurolog e psikoterapeut austriak me prejardhje \u00e7ifute Sigmund Frojd <\/strong>(Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939) ka pranuar se metoda e tij nuk mund t\u00eb zbatohet ndaj personazheve t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb Dostojevskit.<\/p>\n

Tregimtari dhe romancieri austriak me prejardhje \u00e7ifute Franc Kafka <\/strong>(Franz Kafka, 1883-1924) ka par\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebri t\u00eb madhe me Dostojevskin dhe pjes\u00eb nga\u00a0 romani \u201cDjaloshi i ri\u201d <\/em>ia ka lexuar me entuziaz\u00ebm Maks Brodit <\/strong>(Max Brod, 1884-1968, poet, tregimtar, dramaturg dhe eseist \u00e7ek i shprehjes gjermane, me prejardhje \u00e7ifute). Ky shkruan se kapitulli i pest\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj vepre ka ndikuar fuqish\u00ebm te stili i Kafk\u00ebs. Poeti dhe prozatori irlandez Xhejmz Xhojs <\/strong>(Jame Joyce, 1882-1941) p\u00ebr Dostojevskin thot\u00eb: \u201cAskush si ai nuk e ka krijuar proz\u00ebn moderne dhe nuk e ka forcuar intensitetin e saj\u201d<\/em>. Prozatorja dhe eseistja angleze Virxhinia Ulf <\/strong>(Virginia Woolf, 1882-1941) shkruan se romanet e Dostojevskit \u201cjan\u00eb vorbulla t\u00eb rrezikshme, stuhi r\u00ebre dhe rrebeshe deti q\u00eb f\u00ebrsh\u00ebllejn\u00eb dhe gurgullojn\u00eb e q\u00eb na g\u00eblltisin. Ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga manifestime t\u00eb shpirtit…\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb t\u00eb rit\u00eb e tyre ithtar\u00eb t\u00eb Dostojevskit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe prozatori kolumbian Gabriel Garsia Markez <\/strong>(Gabriel Garci\u00e1 M\u00e1rquez, 1927-2014) dhe shkrimtari japonez Haruki Murakami <\/strong>(1949-).<\/p>\n

N\u00ebn ndikimi e Dostojevskit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shum\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00eb. Prozatori amerikan, laureat i \u00e7mimit \u201cNobel\u201d Uilliam Fokner <\/strong>(William Faulkner, 1897-1962) thot\u00eb: \u201cDostojevski, krahas Bibl\u00ebs dhe Shekspirit, \u00ebsht\u00eb frym\u00ebzimi im m\u00eb i madh\u201d.<\/em> M\u00eb s\u00eb shumti ka ndikuar mbi t\u00eb romani \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. Studiuesi i veprave t\u00eb Foknerit, poeti amerikan Robert V. Hamblin <\/strong>(Robert Wayne Hamblin, 1938-) thot\u00eb se Fokneri, mu si Dostojevski, ka qen\u00eb i interesuar t\u00eb studioj\u00eb kriz\u00ebn e individit<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. Familja q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkruan Fokneri simbolizon disponimin dhe kushtet e jetes\u00ebs t\u00eb jugut amerikan. Nj\u00ebsoj \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe me personazhet e Dostojevskit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ndodhen n\u00eb udh\u00ebkryqin e moralit, t\u00eb fes\u00eb dhe t\u00eb emocioneve.<\/p>\n

Romani \u201cSh\u00ebnime nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d<\/em> trajtohet si nj\u00eb ditar i nj\u00eb njeriu, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje mendore t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb dhe si nj\u00eb nga veprat e para t\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> ekzistencializmit<\/em><\/strong>. Ndon\u00ebse shkrimtari dhe filozofi danez Soren Kierkegori <\/strong>(Soren Kierkegaard, 1813-1855) \u00ebsht\u00eb baba i filozofis\u00eb moderne, megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb Dostojevski mjaft ka ndikuar mbi mendjet e tilla si Zhan-Pol Sartri <\/strong>(Jean-Paul Sartre, 1905-1980) dhe Fridrih Ni\u00e7e <\/strong>(Friedrih Nietzsche). Ni\u00e7e thoshte se \u201cSh\u00ebnimet nga n\u00ebntoka\u201d<\/em> jan\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb psikologjike mjesht\u00ebrore. Ni\u00e7e lexonte A. S. Pushkinin <\/strong>(1799-1837), poetin, prozatorin dhe piktorin romantik rus Mihail Lermontov <\/strong>(1814-1841) dhe Nikollaj Vasilevi\u00e7 Gogolin <\/strong>(1809-1852). P\u00ebr Dostojevskin thot\u00eb se ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nga zbulimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. \u201cE dini Dostojevskin? Pa e llogaritur Stendalin <\/strong>(1783-1842), askush tjet\u00ebr nuk m\u00eb ka befasuar dhe nuk m\u00eb ka k\u00ebnaqur aq shum\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb psikolog me t\u00eb cilin un\u00eb gjej gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt\u201d<\/em>. Me t\u00eb lexuar romanin \u201cT\u00eb fyer dhe t\u00eb posht\u00ebruar\u201d <\/em>t\u00eb Dostojevskit, filozofi gjerman ka shprehur respektin m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn filozofike t\u00eb vet \u201cEkzistencializmi \u00ebsht\u00eb humaniz\u00ebm\u201d<\/em> Zhan-Pol Sartri <\/strong>(Jean-Paul Sartre) shkruan: \u201cDostojevski thot\u00eb: Po t\u00eb mos kishte Zot, \u00e7do gj\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e lejuar\u201d<\/em> dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb baz\u00ebnisja\u00a0 e ekzistencializmit<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb interpretimin e Sartrit kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit, sikur t\u00eb mos ekzistonte Zoti, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeshin p\u00ebr \u00e7do t\u00eb gjitha dhe nuk do t\u00eb kishin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb falje nga lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ekzistencializmi<\/strong> k\u00ebrkonte \u00e7el\u00ebsin p\u00ebr ta kuptua njeriun. K\u00ebt\u00eb gjurmim t\u00eb kuptimit Dostojevski e nxori n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb \u201cunit\u201d dhe Zotit n\u00eb shembullin e Raskollnikovit n\u00eb romanin \u201cKrim dhe nd\u00ebshkim\u201d<\/em>, t\u00eb Stavroginit n\u00eb \u201cMllefe\u201d<\/em> dhe t\u00eb Ivan Karamazovit n\u00eb romanin \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. Feja<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjja kryesore e Dostojevskit p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha pyetjet, gj\u00eb q\u00eb bie ndesh me ekzistencializmin <\/em><\/strong>per\u00ebndimor.<\/p>\n

Ernest Heminguei <\/strong>(Ernest Hemingway) shkruan: \u201cTe Dostojevski ka gj\u00ebra t\u00eb cilave mund t\u2019u besohet dhe t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb pabesueshme, por ka di\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e besueshme saq\u00eb njeriu gjat\u00eb leximit edhe vet\u00eb ndryshon. Dob\u00ebsia dhe marr\u00ebzia, vesi dhe shenjt\u00ebria, sjellja hazarde \u2013 krejt kjo b\u00ebhet realitet si\u00e7 b\u00ebhen realitet peizazhet dhe rrug\u00ebt te Turgenjevi apo zhvendosja e trupave, fush\u00ebbeteja, oficer\u00ebt, ushtar\u00ebt dhe luftime te Tolstoi\u201d. <\/em>Por, pas nj\u00eb l\u00ebvdimi t\u00eb till\u00eb, Heminguei jep edhe mendim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt: \u201cGjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs mendoj p\u00ebr Dostojevskin. Si mund t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb njeriu aq keq, tej mase keq, dhe aq shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb te lexuesit?\u201d<\/em> Sipas shkrimtarit turk Orhan Pamuk <\/strong>(1953-), Tolstoi ka qen\u00eb mjesht\u00ebr m\u00eb i madh i shkrimit t\u00eb romaneve, por nj\u00ebherazi thot\u00eb se tek ai shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr ka ndikuar Dostojevski.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb ligj\u00ebrat\u00eb t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn-Peterburg Pamuku thot\u00eb se jeta e tij plot\u00ebsisht ka ndryshuar kur e ka lexuar \u201cV\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Karamazov\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. Orhan Pamuku e ka lexuar vepr\u00ebn \u201cMllefe\u201d<\/em> kur ka qen\u00eb 20-vje\u00e7. \u00cbsht\u00eb habitur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb frik\u00ebsuar. Asgj\u00eb q\u00eb kishte lexuar m\u00eb par\u00eb s\u2019i kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje t\u00eb till\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shokuar nga fakti sesi pasioni p\u00ebr pushtet mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm. Nj\u00ebherazi \u00ebsht\u00eb tronditur me aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e njeriut p\u00ebr t\u00eb falur dhe p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn kah, synimi kah instinktet e ul\u00ebta dhe kah shenjt\u00ebria e madh\u00ebrishme e ka shtyr\u00eb Pamukun t\u00eb mendohet thell\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me jet\u00ebn dhe me krijimtarin\u00eb letrare t\u00eb Dostojevskit jan\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh kritik\u00ebsh letrar\u00eb, estet\u00eb, filozof\u00eb, sociolog\u00eb, psikanalist\u00eb, neurolog\u00eb, psikiat\u00ebr etj. N\u00eb suaza evropiane, p\u00ebr Dostojevskin \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur hulumtimi i teoricienit letrar, gjuh\u00ebtarit dhe estetit rus Mihail Mihaillovi\u00e7 Bahtin <\/strong>(1895-1975). P\u00ebr Dostojevskin flet n\u00eb studimin \u201cProbleme t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb Dostojevskit\u201d<\/em> (1929, botimi i ripunuar m\u00eb 1963). Tregimtari dhe dramaturgu rus Leonid Maksimovi\u00e7 Leonov <\/strong>(1899-1994) thot\u00eb se Dostojevski \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cmal n\u00eb mjegull\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em> Valentina Jevgenievna Vjetlovska<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb teoricien rus dhe doktor i shkencave filologjike. Ajo thot\u00eb se Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb revolucionar i bindur<\/em>. \u201cEnigm\u00ebn Dostojevski\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>ka tentuar ta zgjidh\u00eb n\u00eb kontekstin e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb ruse dhe evropiane.<\/p>\n

Rus\u00ebt kan\u00eb nj\u00eb Zot \u2013 Pushkinin <\/strong>dhe apostullin n\u00eb an\u00ebn e djatht\u00eb t\u00eb tij \u2013 Dostojevskin<\/strong>. T\u00ebr\u00eb let\u00ebrsia klasike ruse ka dal\u00eb nga Pushkini<\/strong> dhe Gogoli<\/strong>. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Josip Visarionovi\u00e7 Xhugashvili Stalinit (1879-1953) Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb i ndaluar n\u00eb Rusi.<\/p>\n

Ka mesi i shekullit XIX Pushkini ka qen\u00eb i sulmuar nga shum\u00eb an\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb sulmuar ashp\u00ebr nga kritiku letrar Dimitij Ivanovi\u00e7<\/strong> Pisarev <\/strong>(1840-1868) dhe nga kritiku letrar e publicisti rus Vartolomej Aleksandrovi\u00e7<\/strong> Zajcev <\/strong>(1842-1882). Dostojevski e ka mbrojtur si asnj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, at\u00eb e ka konsideruar gjeni.<\/p>\n

Valentina Vjetlovska thot\u00eb: \u201cPushkini<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeniu i cili absolutisht i p\u00ebrgjigjet \u00e7do shpirti rus. Dostojevski<\/strong> nd\u00ebrkaq ka qen\u00eb i ndaluar nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. N\u00eb programet e shkollave t\u00eb mesme dhe n\u00eb ato universitare n\u00eb Rusi ka hyr\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX. Duke qen\u00eb i ndaluar, shum\u00eb rus\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb njohur sa duhet. Nd\u00ebrkaq Pushkinin<\/strong> e kan\u00eb njohur gjithmon\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se ndikimi i Dostojevskit<\/strong> n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ruse \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i fuqishmi. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, k\u00ebt\u00eb ndikim Dostojevski<\/strong> e ndan me Tolsotin<\/strong>. Rreth Dostojevskit<\/strong> dhe Tolstoit<\/strong> rus\u00ebt sot e k\u00ebsaj dite grinden, p\u00ebrplasen. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb thon\u00eb se Tolstoi<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i thell\u00eb, Rusin\u00eb e ka kuptuar m\u00eb drejt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb e th\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr Dostojevskin<\/strong>. Por shkrimtari rreth t\u00eb cilit nuk ka p\u00ebrplasje \u00ebsht\u00eb Pushkini<\/strong><\/em>. Disa studiues rus\u00eb Dostojevskin e kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr kah Per\u00ebndimi duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se ai, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, ka anuar nga modelet e kultur\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore. Po t\u00eb mos kishte kultur\u00eb per\u00ebndimore te Dostojevski, a do t\u00eb kishim nj\u00eb Dostojevski!? Por duhet ditur se k\u00ebt\u00eb vij\u00eb e ka filluar Pushkini<\/strong>. Ai e ka krijuar literatur\u00ebn e re ruse e cila ka nisur prej tij si nj\u00eb let\u00ebrsi evropiane, nd\u00ebrsa Dostojevski e ka p\u00ebrkrahur\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli PASQYRUES I RUSIS\u00cb S\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb, I SHOQ\u00cbRIS\u00cb RUSE T\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb i ngarkuar nga s\u00ebmurja e epilepsis\u00eb. Supozohet se nga kjo s\u00ebmurje kan\u00eb vuajtur Herkuli, Ajaksi, Empedokle, Marku i Sirakusit, Sokrati, Jul Cezari, Livie Druz, Sh\u00ebn Gjoni, Makbethi, Karli i Madh, Petrarka, Dante Aligieri, Rishelie, Kromveli, Pjetri i Madh, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nTRAGJEDIA E GJENIUT - DOSTOJEVSKI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/tragjedia-e-gjeniut-dostojevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRAGJEDIA E GJENIUT - DOSTOJEVSKI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli PASQYRUES I RUSIS\u00cb S\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb, I SHOQ\u00cbRIS\u00cb RUSE T\u00cb S\u00cbMUR\u00cb Fjodor Mihajllovi\u00e7 Dostojevski ka qen\u00eb i ngarkuar nga s\u00ebmurja e epilepsis\u00eb. 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