{"id":59883,"date":"2020-09-26T01:03:55","date_gmt":"2020-09-25T23:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=59883"},"modified":"2020-09-26T01:03:55","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T23:03:55","slug":"simbolizmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/","title":{"rendered":"SIMBOLIZMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Xhelal Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krijimi artistik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i kapsh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm nga rrethi i zgjedhur dhe elitar i njoh\u00ebsve, arti nd\u00ebrkaq nuk mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb asnj\u00eb q\u00ebllimi politik, shoq\u00ebror apo moral. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e bukur se ajo q\u00eb nuk ekziston.
\n<\/strong>(parnasist\u00ebt)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nocioni simboliz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong> ka dometh\u00ebnie t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb \u2013 filozofik, linguistik, artistik, letrar. Si shkoll\u00eb dhe si drejtim letrar, simbolizmi paraqitet duke filluar nga viti 1880, ndon\u00ebse tendencat simboliste shfaqen q\u00eb n\u00eb romantiz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>, madje edhe m\u00eb her\u00ebt. Si n\u00eb teori, ashtu edhe n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, simbolizmi paraqet kryesisht negacion t\u00eb realizmit<\/em><\/strong> dhe t\u00eb natyralizmit<\/em><\/strong>. Simptomat e para t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u201ct\u00eb revolucionit letrar\u201d<\/em> manifestohen n\u00eb shkrimet teorike dhe n\u00eb poezin\u00eb e t\u00eb ashtuquajturve \u201cdekadent\u00eb\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Fjal\u00ebn \u201cdekadent\u201d<\/em> e p\u00ebrdori i pari poeti francez Teofil Gotje<\/strong> lidhur me poezin\u00eb e Sharl Bodlerit<\/strong>. Gotje ishte edhe tregimtar, kritik letrar, arti dhe muzike. Me p\u00ebrmbledhjen poetike \u00c9maux et Cam\u00e9es<\/em>, 1852072)<\/em> dhe me shqyrtimet kritike t\u00eb m\u00ebhershme u b\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues dhe teoricien i larpurpartizmit <\/em><\/strong>(l\u2019art pour l\u2019art \u2013 art p\u00ebr art)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Por, p\u00ebr kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e risis\u00eb<\/em> n\u00eb poezi, kjo fjal\u00eb u b\u00eb sinonim i negatives<\/em>. P\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrqeshur rrym\u00ebn e re n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi, gazetari Labryer <\/strong>(Labruy\u00e8re), m\u00eb 22.9.1885 botoi n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn Le Figaro epigramin: Dekadenti: \u201cBir i modernistit \/ Nip i idealistit \/ Djal\u00eb v\u00ebllai i parnasist\u00ebve \/ N\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, kopil i realist\u00ebve \/ Dhe djal\u00eb motre i brezit t\u00eb dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb i romantikut plak\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Let\u00ebrsia e re e cila shprehte \u201csenzualitet shqet\u00ebsues\u201d,<\/em> \u201cpik\u00ebllim t\u00eb thell\u00eb\u201d<\/em> u manifestua sidomos te grupi i tubuar rreth poetit francez Zhan Moreas<\/strong>. Ky erdhi n\u00eb Paris n\u00eb vitin 1875 p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb. I frekuentonte kafenet\u00eb dhe qarqet letrare t\u00eb lagjes Latine<\/em>. Shpejt u imponua si nj\u00eb prej udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve t\u00eb simbolist\u00ebve. P\u00ebrpos Moreasit<\/strong>, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grup b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb\u00a0 edhe poet\u00ebt Rene Zhil<\/strong> (Ghil), Henri d\u00eb Renjie<\/strong> (R\u00e9gnier), Stuart Merill <\/strong>(Merrill) etj. Botoi dy manifeste: m\u00eb 1885 n\u00eb revist\u00ebn \u201cXIX\u201d dhe m\u00eb 1886 n\u00eb shtojc\u00ebn letrare t\u00eb gazet\u00ebs \u201cLe Figaro\u201d. N\u00eb to i paraqiti parimet e estetik\u00ebs simboliste. N\u00eb vitin 1886 themeloi revist\u00ebn \u201cLe symboliste\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: n\u00eb vitet \u201920 t\u00eb shekullit XX n\u00eb grupin e simbolist\u00ebve b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb edhe Pol Valeri, Andre Zhid <\/strong>etj.<\/p>\n

Let\u00ebrsia e re u manifestua edhe n\u00eb revist\u00ebn e gazetarit dhe shkrimtarit francez Anatol<\/strong> Bazhy <\/strong>(Anatol Bajut) \u201cDekadenti artistik dhe letrar\u201d (D\u00e9cadent artistique et litt\u00e9raire)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e jetes\u00ebs, n\u00eb idet\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn dhe artin t\u00eb heroit De Esent t\u00eb romancierit dhe kritikut francez Uisman<\/strong> v\u00ebrehet fryma dekadente e nj\u00eb kohe. Ky dhe bashk\u00ebmendimtar\u00ebt shpirt\u00ebror\u00eb t\u00eb tij shfaqnin edhe ide t\u00eb filozofit dhe eseistit gjerman Artur Shopenhauer <\/strong>si dhe konceptet e kompozitorit gjerman Rihard Vagner<\/strong> mbi artin.<\/p>\n

Dekadent\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong> krijuan nj\u00eb klim\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb re dhe ia p\u00ebrgatit\u00ebn rrug\u00ebn simbolizmit<\/em>. Por grup i t\u00eb ashtuquajturve po\u00e8tes maudits <\/em><\/strong>(poet\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebmur)<\/em>: Bodleri, Verleni, Rembo <\/strong>me pik\u00ebpamjet e tyre teoriko-letrare \u2013 me manifeste dhe me poezi paraqit\u00ebn disa premisa thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb simbolizmit<\/em>:<\/p>\n

Bodleri<\/strong> \u2013 teorin\u00eb e sinestezis\u00eb, analogjis\u00eb universale<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00eb ng\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb poezin\u00eb \u201cKorespondenca\u201d (Correspondances)<\/em> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn k\u00ebrkon nga artisti q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vargjeve t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb enigm\u00ebn e \u201cpyllit t\u00eb simboleve\u201d<\/em>, t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb analogjit\u00eb e thella n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet cilave mund t\u00eb shprehet m\u00eb s\u00eb miri thelbi i njer\u00ebzve dhe i sendeve. Autori i \u201cLuleve t\u00eb s\u00eb keqes\u201d<\/em> (Les Fleurs du mal<\/em>, 1857)<\/em> tregoi po ashtu se sa poezia i ka borxh muzik\u00ebs<\/em> dhe paralajm\u00ebroi \u201cromanin vagnerian\u201d<\/em> n\u00eb proz\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Verleni <\/strong>me poezin\u00eb-manifest \u201cArti poetik\u201d (L\u2019Art po\u00e9tique)<\/em> tregoi sesi muzika dhe fjala bashkohen n\u00eb tingull t\u00eb ngjyrosur, por i cili ende shfaq nj\u00eb vezullim emocional t\u00eb thell\u00eb, kuptimi i t\u00eb cilit mund t\u00eb ndjehet dhe logjikisht t\u00eb perceptohet.<\/p>\n

Remboja<\/strong> shkoi m\u00eb larg: ishte p\u00ebr alogjiz\u00ebm, <\/em>p\u00ebr \u201cshfrenim t\u00eb shqisave\u201d, <\/em>p\u00ebr \u201calkimin\u00eb e fjal\u00ebve\u201d<\/em> e cila do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb \u201cbot\u00eb t\u00eb reja dhe lule t\u00eb reja\u201d<\/em>. Por, teorin\u00eb parashikuese<\/em> t\u00eb tij \u00a0(voyant)<\/em> do ta anticipoj\u00eb n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb surrealizmi<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, shum\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb ajo do t\u00eb l\u00ebvdohet, t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet dhe do t\u00eb mbi\u00e7mohet shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Malarmeja<\/strong>, duke i kontrastuar figurat poetike sipas parimeve t\u00eb kontrapunktit, u p\u00ebrpoq q\u00eb fjal\u00ebn ta shnd\u00ebrroj\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cfigur\u00eb plastike, n\u00eb shprehje t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb mendimi, n\u00eb dridhm\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb ndjenje dhe n\u00eb simbol t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb filozofie\u201d<\/em>. Malarmeja ngulte k\u00ebmb\u00eb sidomos p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e muzik\u00ebs<\/em>\u00a0 si thelb i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i poezis\u00eb<\/em>. \u201cPoezia duhet ta marr\u00eb nga muzika t\u00eb mir\u00ebn e vet\u201d<\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb parull\u00eb e njohur e tij. T\u00eb flas\u00ebsh, t\u00eb analizosh, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruash \u2013 kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb detyr\u00eb e poezis\u00eb moderne. Vargjet duhet t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb sikur emanacioni <\/em>muzikor, jo me kuptimin por me sonoritetin (kumbimin), jo me dometh\u00ebnien por me vibracionet muzikore.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Poezia b\u00ebhet lloj i partitur\u00ebs muzikore. Simbolizmi i gjendje frym\u00ebs (e shpirtit), si revolucion n\u00eb poezi, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje teorike s\u00eb pari p\u00ebrmblidhet n\u00eb manifestin e Zhan Moreasit<\/strong>. Manifesti u botua n\u00eb revist\u00ebn letrare \u201cFigaro litt\u00e9raire\u201d<\/em> m\u00eb 18 shtator 1886. Autori i manifestit p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb d\u00ebshmonte se simbolizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dukuri artistike e domosdoshme, shprehje \u201ce evolucionit ciklik me ndryshime t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rigoroze\u201d<\/em>. Sipas Moreasit, paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje duhet konsideruar Bodlerin. Malarmeja <\/strong>simbolizmin e\u00a0 ndau nga dometh\u00ebnia e misterit<\/em> dhe e asaj q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shprehet.<\/em> Verleni <\/strong>u dha fund grindjeve t\u00eb ashpra rreth vargjeve \u201cq\u00eb i kishin zbutur paraprakisht gisht\u00ebrinjt\u00eb \u00e7udib\u00ebr\u00ebs t\u00eb Teodor de Banvilit<\/strong>\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Simbolizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb novatoriz\u00ebm<\/em> n\u00eb poezi q\u00eb sjell me vete stil kompleks, fjalor t\u00eb pazakonsh\u00ebm, rit\u00ebm \u201cq\u00eb nd\u00ebrrohet koh\u00eb pas kohe me ritmin e qet\u00ebsimeve val\u00ebzore, t\u00eb pleonazmave dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse, t\u00eb elipseve misterioze, t\u00eb anakoluteve t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfunduara (mendime t\u00eb palidhura) tejet guximsh\u00ebm dhe shum\u00eb thjesht…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Poeti dhe teoricieni i shquar francez i simbolizmit Rene Zhil <\/strong>(Ghil) insiston p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e simbolit<\/em> i cili duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u201ci v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe sugjestiv\u201d<\/em>. Poeti amerikan i cili shkroi n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn fr\u00ebnge, Stjuart Meril <\/strong>flet p\u00ebr raportin midis fjal\u00ebs<\/em> dhe muzik\u00ebs<\/em>. Sipas tij, poezia q\u00eb ka vler\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm poezia<\/em><\/strong> lirike<\/strong><\/em>. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb bij\u00eb e \u201cfjal\u00ebs destruktive dhe e muzik\u00ebs kreative\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga Bodleri<\/strong> deri te Valeri<\/strong>, drejtimi letrar i ri d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ndeshet me muzik\u00ebn<\/em>. \u201cTa b\u00ebjm\u00eb me fjal\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb Vagneri <\/strong>e b\u00ebri me nota\u201d<\/em>. Te aluzioni <\/em>dhe te sugjestioni<\/em> simbolist\u00ebt i kan\u00eb par\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb subtile, m\u00eb t\u00eb holla, m\u00eb delikate q\u00eb poezia t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb muzik\u00eb, n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kulluar<\/em>, e cila maksimalisht do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb poetit t\u2019i shpreh\u00eb mbresat q\u00eb lindin nga v\u00ebshtrimi i vibracioneve m\u00eb t\u00eb thella t\u00eb psikes njer\u00ebzore. Sipas Sharl Morisit<\/strong>, sugjestioni<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e korrespondencave dhe e lidhjeve nd\u00ebrmjet shpirtit dhe natyr\u00ebs. Ai e shpreh at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb shprehet dhe q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb sqarohet. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb tingull, jehon\u00eb e m\u00eb intimes; <\/em>vet\u00ebm ai e ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb me disa vija t\u00eb shpreh\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e amshueshme; Sugjestioni \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb polifonike e t\u00eb shprehurit me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb melodive t\u00eb shpirtit.<\/p>\n

Gjuha e poezis\u00eb simbolike \u00ebsht\u00eb sugjestive dhe e r\u00ebnd\u00eb p\u00ebr ta kuptuar.<\/p>\n

Duke marr\u00eb parasysh ambiciet plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb reja t\u00eb simbolizmit, teoricien\u00ebt e tij kujdes po aq t\u00eb madh i kushtuan edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>. Poezia tradicionale franceze, q\u00ebkur e prangosur nga ritmi i fuqish\u00ebm i vargut aleksandrin*<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet simbolizmit arrin cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb re, lirohet nga nj\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria e ritmit<\/em>. Vargu i lir\u00eb<\/em> <\/strong>poezin\u00eb tradicionale e \u00e7liron nga ligjet e vjetra t\u00eb versifikimit <\/em>(t\u00eb varg\u00ebzimit<\/em>). N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, qysh Viktor Hygoi <\/strong>(Hugo) i l\u00ebkundi themelet e vargut aleksandrin<\/em>, por vet\u00ebm simbolist\u00ebt d\u00ebshmuan se \u00e7far\u00eb bukurish mund t\u00eb pasqyrohen me vargun e lir\u00eb<\/em>. Ky b\u00ebhet jo vet\u00ebm \u201cform\u00eb grafike\u201d<\/em>, por n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb \u201craport i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, Rene Zhil<\/strong> shkoi edhe m\u00eb larg. N\u00eb shqyrtimin e tij \u201cTraktat p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebn\u201d (Trait\u00e9 du Verbe)<\/em> Zhili u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb poezi instrumentale dinamike. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast vargu duhej t\u00eb ishte tejet fleksibil (i lakuesh\u00ebm).<\/p>\n

E drejta e poetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar nj\u00eb varg dhjet\u00eb me rrokje, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr me kat\u00ebr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrruar ritmet p\u00ebr arritjen e nj\u00eb muzikaliteti sa m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe p\u00ebr zbulimin e bukurive platonike, u konsiderua nj\u00eb fitore e madhe ndaj vargut<\/em><\/strong> aleksandrin<\/em><\/strong> \u201cfitues\u201d t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr.<\/em> Sipas Zhilit<\/strong> (Ghil)<\/strong>, poezia \u00ebsht\u00eb liruar nga simetria dhe e ka pranuar rendin e gjall\u00eb t\u00eb simfonis\u00eb.<\/em> Duke u nisur nga ting\u00ebllima e njohur senzuale-ontologjike \u201cZanoret\u201d (Voyelles)<\/em> e Rembos\u00eb<\/strong> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00e7do shkronj\u00eb ka ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, duke p\u00ebrpunuar parimin e korrespondencave nd\u00ebrmjet ngjyrave, tingujve dhe aromave. Pastaj, duke i studiuar punimet \u00a0<\/strong>dijetarit dhe filozofit gjerman Herman fon Helmholc\u00a0 <\/strong>(Helmholtz) dhe muzik\u00ebn e Vagnerit<\/strong>, Zhili (Ghil) e krijoi teorin\u00eb e vet \u201ct\u00eb poezis\u00eb instrumentale\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn fjal\u00ebt<\/em> do t\u00eb ishin nota<\/em>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn muzika <\/em>do t\u00eb ishte e dukshme, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn z\u00ebri njer\u00ebzor do t\u00eb mbetej \u201clloj instrumenti t\u00eb lir\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, \u201cpip\u00ebz me rezonator rezonancash t\u00eb ndryshme\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, poeti<\/em> i dikursh\u00ebm i fjal\u00ebs<\/em> do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej poet muzikor<\/em>, nd\u00ebrsa krijimi i tij do t\u00eb ishte \u201ccop\u00eb e muzik\u00ebs sugjestive\u201d, <\/em>varg dinamik i figurave t\u00eb ngjyrosura t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb shprehnin ekzistimin e p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb emocioneve, me nj\u00eb rit\u00ebm imanent p\u00ebr to.<\/p>\n

Vargun e lir\u00eb e kan\u00eb interpretuar edhe shkrimtari francez Eduar Dyzharden <\/strong>(Edouard Dujardin, 1861-1849), poeti dhe kritiku francez i artit Gystav Kan <\/strong>(Kahn), A. Rete, A. Mokeli <\/strong>dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjurmimi i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb re dhe ritmeve t\u00eb reja, p\u00ebr t\u2019u shprehur ajo q\u00eb s\u2019mund t\u00eb thuhet, i vuri simbolist\u00ebt n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb q\u00eb poezia e tyre t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e paqart\u00eb dhe hermetike. <\/em><\/strong>Por. duke qen\u00eb se poezia \u00ebsht\u00eb mister dhe enigm\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn duhet zgjidhur, nj\u00eb doz\u00eb e paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb ng\u00ebrthen kjo poezi, p\u00ebrkundrazi, ndihmon q\u00eb ajo t\u00eb jet\u00eb mistersh\u00ebm t\u00ebrheq\u00ebs. \u201cN\u00eb poezi\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0gjithmon\u00eb duhet\u00a0 t\u00eb ket\u00eb enigm\u00eb dhe pik\u00ebrisht ky \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb \u2013 s\u2019ka q\u00ebllim tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrpos ta evokoj\u00eb objektin. Sidoqoft\u00eb, simbolist\u00ebt ku duhet p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Edgar Alan Pon\u00eb <\/strong>(Poe) theksonin se nuk duhet ngat\u00ebrruar terrin e shprehjes me shprehjen e territ\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Simbolizmi shpejt i p\u00ebrfshiu t\u00eb gjitha deg\u00ebt e artit, q\u00eb nga muzika deri te skulptura dhe teatri. Ai u b\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm dukuri evropiane, por edhe tej evropiane. N\u00eb Belgjik\u00eb, n\u00eb Rusi, n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb mori forma t\u00eb ndryshme. Po qe se teoria dhe praktika e simbolizmit francez, me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb konsiderohen tejet t\u00eb pasura, po kjo mund t\u00eb thuhet edhe p\u00ebr simbolizmin rus n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjet dhe n\u00eb poezin\u00eb e Blokut, B\u00ebrjusovit, Bjelit <\/strong>(Belyj), Merezhkovskit <\/strong>etj. Sipas Blokut, detyr\u00eb e artistit \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb tregoj\u00eb dhe jo t\u00eb d\u00ebshmoj\u00eb\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Simbolizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkim dhe zbulim i bot\u00ebve t\u00eb reja, shmangie e asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e sip\u00ebrfaqshme e dhe vulgare, rrug\u00eb drejt ngritjes, vet\u00ebthellim apo \u201cbiseda t\u00eb shenjta\u201d <\/em>me pafund\u00ebsin\u00eb e qiellit dhe t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb gjithmbarshme. Por, pas vitit 1905 Bloku do t\u00eb ket\u00eb mendime krejt t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr shtigjet e poetit dhe t\u00eb poezis\u00eb s re. Tani Bloku shkruan: \u201cPoeti q\u00eb shkon rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb simbolizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb organ i pavet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm i kujtes\u00ebs popullore. Rruga martirizuese e simbolizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebshim n\u00eb stuhin\u00eb e folklorizmit, ku poeti dhe e shenjta p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e gjejn\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin\u201d. <\/em>Sipas B\u00ebrjusovit, simbolizmi n\u00eb \u201cfaz\u00ebn e art\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb vet krijoi edhe stil t\u00eb ri<\/em> edhe varg t\u00eb ri<\/em> q\u00eb dalloheshin nga stili e vargu romantik<\/em> dhe realist<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Andrej Bjeli duke u nisur nga t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat shkencore t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, i entuziazmuar nga biologjia, nga matematika dhe nga muzika thot\u00eb: \u201cMuzika \u00ebsht\u00eb gur k\u00ebndi i konceptimit ton\u00eb, n\u00eb muzik\u00eb kuptohet thelbi i l\u00ebvizjes…. muzika \u00ebsht\u00eb skeleti i poezis\u00eb. Po qe se muzika \u00ebsht\u00eb trung i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt i krijimtaris\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb poezia \u00ebsht\u00eb kurora e tij e deg\u00ebzuar\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

Poeti kroat Tin Ujeviq thot\u00eb: \u201cSimbolizmi bashk\u00ebpunoi me Evrop\u00ebn dhe n\u00eb disa pika dep\u00ebrtoi mbi truallin e gjuh\u00ebs fr\u00ebnge dhe jo si nj\u00eb ndikim i thjesht\u00eb, por si nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb e koh\u00ebs dhe e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebr shembull, simbolizmi francez ndikoi fuqish\u00ebm te simbolist\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb: liriku Stefan Georg<\/strong>, H.fon Hofmanstal, P. Geradi, Ludvig Klages <\/strong>etj. Simbolist\u00ebt belgjian\u00eb \u2013 Rodenbah <\/strong>dhe Verharen <\/strong>e t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, te simbolizmi francez gjet\u00ebn si t\u00eb thuash, natyr\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb tyren. Teoria dhe praktika e simbolizmit francez ushtroi ndikim edhe te poet\u00ebt spanjoll\u00eb, Azorini, Unamuno, Ma\u00e7ad <\/strong>e t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Kostis Palmas <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb simbolist grek origjinal.<\/p>\n

Me plejad\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmendur t\u00eb simbolist\u00ebve francez\u00eb deh evropian\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrfundon as teoria as praktika e k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje moderne. N\u00eb figurat e Fransis Zhamit <\/strong>(Jammes), A. de Renjes\u00eb, Pol Valeris\u00eb, Klodelit <\/strong>(Claudel) tendencat simboliste marrin variante dhe interpretime t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet teoris\u00eb dhe praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb poetit belg Moris<\/strong> Meterlink <\/strong>(Maeterlinck), n\u00eb eksperimentet dhe n\u00eb shkrimin e teatrit bashk\u00ebkohor ka l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb edhe teatri simbolist<\/em>. \u201cNeosimbolist\u00ebt\u201d<\/em> ose \u201csimbolist\u00ebt e pabes\u00eb\u201d<\/em> n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb vazhduan ta zhvillojn\u00eb dhe ta modifikojn\u00eb frytin e madh t\u00eb simbolizmit vers libre<\/em><\/strong> (vargun e lir\u00eb)<\/em>. Doktrina p\u00ebr vargun e lir\u00eb <\/em>q\u00eb e kristalizoi n\u00eb vitin 1897 G. Kan <\/strong>(Kahn), vazhdoi t\u00eb jet\u00eb objekt interesimi t\u00eb gjall\u00eb i atyre t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, si\u00e7 thot\u00eb Alber Tibode <\/strong>(Thibaudet), kan\u00eb par\u00eb te simbolizmi nj\u00eb revolucion t\u00eb ri t\u00eb krejt poezis\u00eb moderne. Klodeli<\/strong> (Claudel) p\u00ebr shembull, thelbin e vargut modern e p\u00ebrfytyron si rit\u00ebm vital specifik, i ngjash\u00ebm me rrahjen e zemr\u00ebs dhe me frym\u00ebmarrjen. Vargu i lir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb emanacion<\/em> (shprehje)<\/em> e past\u00ebr e unit <\/strong>ton\u00eb intern, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ngjyra<\/em> dhe tingujt e vargut<\/em> i p\u00ebrgjigjen muzik\u00ebs interne<\/em> t\u00eb qenies s\u00eb poetit.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, poeti duke sugjeruar figura muzikore<\/em>, nuk insiston p\u00ebr pamjen sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, por p\u00ebr dometh\u00ebnien e tyre. Njeriun si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb universit, si qenie shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb tij, e kuptojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb kur arrijm\u00eb t\u2019i njohim korrespondencat e thella t\u00eb universit. P\u00ebr dallim nga teoria e analogjis\u00eb universale<\/em> e Bodlerit<\/strong>, vizioni Klodelit <\/strong>(Claudel) p\u00ebr raportet e thella t\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb kozmosit p\u00ebrshkohet nga ndjenja katolike<\/em>. N\u00eb parabol\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb njohur \u201cAnimus et anima\u201d<\/em>, Klodeli flet p\u00ebr frym\u00ebn<\/em> q\u00eb \u201ce ka ngulfatur shpirtin\u201d<\/em>. Poezia duhet t\u2019i ndihmoj\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb konverzionin (kthimin) e tij kah mistika e krishter\u00eb<\/em>. Simbolizmi ndikoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb specifike te Fransis \u00a0Zham <\/strong>(Jammes), Pegi <\/strong>(P\u00e9guy), Valeri, Zhan Kokto <\/strong>(Cocteau), Zhak Prever<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Valeri dallohet sidomos me interpretimin filozofik t\u00eb simbolizmit dhe me poezin\u00eb e tij neosimboliste<\/em> <\/strong>e cila u manifestua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb te \u201cParka e re\u201d<\/em> (La Jeune Parque<\/em>, 1917)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Simbolizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb tendenc\u00eb apo drejtim i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb poezin\u00eb moderne q\u00eb paraqitet s\u00eb pari n\u00eb Franc\u00eb me \u201cManifestin\u201d<\/em> e botuar n\u00eb vitin 1886 n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn Figaro t\u00eb Parisit. M\u00eb 1890 l\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha let\u00ebrsit\u00eb evropiane. Kultivon vler\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong> si simbol<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet fjal\u00ebve, poeti krijon nj\u00eb realitet t\u00eb ri poetik, q\u00eb dallohet nga bota reale q\u00eb na rrethon dhe q\u00eb nuk varet prej saj. Thellohet n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e fsheht\u00eb dhe simbolike t\u00eb shprehjes poetike dhe q\u00ebndron larg realitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm, nevojave t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb tij. \u00c7far\u00ebdo lidhjeje praktike, racionale, jasht\u00eb-poetike e poezis\u00eb me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e zbeh, e n\u00ebn\u00e7mon dhe e dob\u00ebson forc\u00ebn e fsheht\u00eb dhe vler\u00ebn e poezis\u00eb, t\u00eb artit. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi paraqitet nocioni poezi e kulluar<\/em><\/strong> si model dhe q\u00ebllim i shum\u00eb poet\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe.<\/p>\n

Simbolizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimit, m\u00ebsimit dhe deklamimit dhe vendosm\u00ebrisht ia mohon artit q\u00ebllimin dhe lidhjen e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. Arti ndahet nga shoq\u00ebria, nd\u00ebrsa poeti mbyllet n\u00eb kull\u00eb t\u00eb fildisht\u00eb<\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti me koh\u00ebn dhe me kultur\u00ebn e vet. Poet\u00ebt e simbolizmit, si n\u00eb asnj\u00eb periudh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, shkaktuan konflikte t\u00eb ashpra me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e vet dhe me konvencionet (mir\u00ebsjelljet) shoq\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Teorikisht p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb formulohet dukuria e tjet\u00ebrsimit ose e alienimit<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Pas simbolist\u00ebve e deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, p\u00ebrfshi edhe dit\u00ebt tona, \u00e7\u00ebshtja do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikohet akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda si p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb ashtu edhe p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Poezia e kulluar (po\u00e9sie pure)<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 Termin poezi e kulluar (po\u00e9sie pure)<\/em> e vuri n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim Stefan Malarme<\/strong>. Poezia e kulluar (e past\u00ebr) d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb artistike t\u00eb spastruar n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn secila fjal\u00eb, e sidomos t\u00ebr\u00eb poezia do t\u00eb kishte forc\u00eb kryek\u00ebput figurative dhe emocionale. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, simbolist\u00ebt nuk u kushtojn\u00eb aq r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi mendimeve n\u00eb poezi sa zbulimit t\u00eb bukuris\u00eb muzikore dhe figurative t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs; zbulojn\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja n\u00eb harmonin\u00eb e tingujve, n\u00eb renditjen dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhjen e fjal\u00ebve, n\u00eb pasurin\u00eb e rim\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb shum\u00ebsin\u00eb e ritmeve t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Poet\u00ebt i jepen ndjenj\u00ebs s\u00eb vet muzikore dhe asociacioneve. Te fjal\u00ebt, te lidhjet dhe nd\u00ebrlidhjet e fjal\u00ebve zbulojn\u00eb k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi t\u00eb panjohura t\u00eb cilat poet\u00ebt e m\u00eb p\u00ebrparsh\u00ebm s\u2019kan\u00eb mundur as t\u2019i parandiejn\u00eb. Pol Verleni <\/strong>thoshte: \u201cN\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb muzik\u00eb.\u201d<\/em> Poet\u00ebt simbolist\u00eb, n\u00eb lirik\u00eb dhe n\u00eb shprehjen lirike e gjejn\u00eb at\u00eb fush\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sonorizmi (ting\u00ebllimi) \u00a0dhe figuracioni i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb pari do ta tregoj\u00eb idealin<\/em> e tyre t\u00eb bukuris\u00eb<\/em>, si dhe at\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebrpesh\u00eb e bot\u00ebs s\u00eb eg\u00ebr reale<\/em>. Edhe gjuha poetike e simbolist\u00ebve niset p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rruge t\u00eb re. Gjuha e p\u00ebrditshme, nj\u00ebsoj si tematika<\/em> k\u00ebtu nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb vend. Karakteristika kryesore t\u00eb simbolizmit jan\u00eb metaforat e guximshme, lirit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin dhe n\u00eb renditjen e fjalis\u00eb, fjalori poetik i pazakonsh\u00ebm. Forma kryesore t\u00eb simbolizmit jan\u00eb lirika <\/em>dhe drama lirike.<\/em><\/p>\n

Poezia e kulluar<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb poezi pa kurrfar\u00eb elementi \u201cjopoetik\u201d<\/em> (narrativ, didaktik, politik). Nuk shpreh ndonj\u00eb ide t\u00eb caktuar, por vepron si muzik\u00eb. Konceptin e poezis\u00eb s\u00eb kulluar <\/em>e zhvilluan Bodleri, Malarme, Valeri <\/strong>t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e mor\u00ebn prej Edgar Alan Po<\/strong>. P\u00ebrvoja dhe teoria e nd\u00ebrlidhur me t\u00eb e poezis\u00eb s\u00eb kulluar<\/em> jan\u00eb shprehje e par\u00eb, historikisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, e autonomis\u00eb <\/em>s\u00eb poezis\u00eb, ide e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb tejkalohet, por nuk braktiset.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zbulohet nj\u00eb rreth i ri i temave<\/em> poetike t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb par\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb panjohura. N\u00eb simboliz\u00ebm do t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb motivet<\/em> e vetmis\u00eb, e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsive t\u00eb nat\u00ebs, e qet\u00ebsis\u00eb, e viseve t\u00eb vetmuara, e peizazheve t\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkuara nga nj\u00eb pik\u00ebllim i pashpjeguesh\u00ebm. Lirika e simbolizmit merret me njeriun e pazakonsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb ve\u00e7uar i cili n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e sendeve dhe n\u00eb natyr\u00eb l\u00ebviz kryesisht vet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Poet\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij drejtimi letrar jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm me realizimet e veta artistike sesa me programin teorik. I zgjeruan dhe i thelluan mjetet e shprehjes t\u00eb muzikalitetit: rim\u00ebn, metrin dhe ritmin, sintaks\u00ebn <\/em>dhe pasurin\u00eb e fjalorit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Me shum\u00eb koncepte teorike dhe me shum\u00eb tendenca krijuese, pararend\u00ebs i simbolist\u00ebve ka qen\u00eb poeti amerikan Edgar Alan Po<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb simbolizmit n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb franceze<\/em> jan\u00eb: Pol Verleni<\/strong> me p\u00ebrmbledhjet \u201cRomanca pa fjal\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (Romances sans paroles<\/em>, 1874) <\/em>dhe \u201cUrt\u00ebsia\u201d (Sagesse<\/em>, 1880)<\/em>. Ai mbronte tez\u00ebn se se arti duhet t\u00eb pasqyroj\u00eb nuanca<\/em>, frym\u00ebn p\u00ebrreth sendeve, gjurm\u00ebt e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb ikur; Stefan Malarme <\/strong>me antologjin\u00eb \u201cParnasi bashk\u00ebkohor\u201d (Le Parnasse contemporain, <\/em>1866)<\/em>. Poezit\u00eb e p\u00ebrfshira aty kan\u00eb lindur n\u00ebn ndikimin e Bodlerit nga i cili e ka marr\u00eb edhe tem\u00ebn e ikjes nga realiteti<\/em>; me p\u00ebrmbledhjet poetike \u201cFlet\u00ebt e albumit\u201d, \u201cDisa sonete\u201d <\/em>dhe me poem\u00ebn \u201cPasditja e nj\u00eb faune\u201d (L\u2019Apres-Midi d\u2019un faune<\/em>, 1876)<\/em>. Tendencat e simbolizmit Malarmeja i shprehu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e re poetike<\/em> duke i zbuluar cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb as q\u00eb kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb paramendohen dhe duke caktuar synimin e poezis\u00eb s\u00eb kulluar (po\u00e9sie pure)<\/em> e cila do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb zbulonte realitetin absolut t\u00eb \u00e7liruar nga ndryshueshm\u00ebria dhe vulgariteti i jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rrethin e ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb simbolist\u00ebve ndodhen Sharl Bodleri <\/strong>(Baudelaire) dhe Artyr Rembo <\/strong>(Rimbaud).\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb gjermane<\/em> u krijuan vepra simboliste t\u00eb \u00e7mueshme. Me v\u00ebllimet \u201cHimne\u201d (Hymnen, <\/em>1890), \u201cPelegrinazhe\u201d (Pilgerfahrten, <\/em>1891)<\/em> dhe sidomos me v\u00ebllimin \u201cViti i shpirtit\u201d (Das Jahr der Seele, <\/em>1897)<\/em> Stefan George<\/strong> theksoi n\u00eb tendencat simboliste estetizmin <\/em><\/strong>dhe aristokratizmin<\/em><\/strong>. Personazhet e tij jan\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7uar n\u00eb vise t\u00eb pazakonshme dhe n\u00eb mjedis shoq\u00ebror t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb i cili nuk ka dhe nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo lidhjeje me problemet reale t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Poeti austriak Rainer Maria Rilke <\/strong>(1875-1926), autor veprash n\u00eb proz\u00eb, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm me v\u00ebllimet poetike \u201cLib\u00ebr fotografish\u201d (Buch der Bilder,<\/em> 1902), \u201cPoezi t\u00eb reja\u201d (Neu Gedichte, <\/em>1907-1908), \u201cLibri i or\u00ebve\u201d<\/em> (Das Stundenbuch, <\/em>1905).<\/em> Motivet kryesore i gjen n\u00eb kujtimet nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebria dhe n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e fsheht\u00eb t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb sendeve t\u00eb vdekura. Bot\u00ebn e re poetike e zbulon n\u00eb psiken e njeriut, n\u00eb bot\u00ebn misterioze t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve, t\u00eb dukurive t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendoreve t\u00eb vetmuara dhe t\u00eb ngrehinave t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse. Rilke e zgjeron teknik\u00ebn dhe motivet e simbolizmit me mbresat personale t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta dhe subjektive, duke l\u00ebvizur disi n\u00ebp\u00ebr shtigjet dhe bot\u00ebn e\u00a0 impresionizmit<\/em><\/strong> letrar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb shquar n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb ruse<\/em> jan\u00eb Valerij J. B\u00ebrjusov <\/strong>dhe Konstantin D. Balmont<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim: Vargu i lir\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i d\u00ebshir\u00ebs dhe i nevoj\u00ebs poetike t\u00eb brendshme q\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi i p\u00ebrjetimit t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb varet sa m\u00eb pak nga format e jashtme, tradicionale t\u00eb vargut t\u00eb lidhur t\u00eb let\u00ebrsive t\u00eb hershme. Lindi si revolt\u00eb kund\u00ebr formave metrike tradicionale me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn dhe nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i zbuluar mbresat e reja t\u00eb ritmit<\/em> te elementet gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb poezi. K\u00ebto synime paraqesin nj\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme p\u00ebr shkat\u00ebrrimin e shum\u00eb normave n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb poetike. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar vendin e vet, vargu i lir\u00eb<\/em> zhvilloi nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kund\u00ebr formave t\u00eb vjetra dhe t\u00eb ngurta.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatitje t\u00eb \u00e7muara p\u00ebr v\u00ebnin e tij n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim hasim te v\u00ebllimi poetik \u201cFije bari\u201d (Leaves of Grass<\/em>, 1855) <\/em>t\u00eb poetit amerikan Uolt<\/strong> Uitman <\/strong>(Whitman). Prej tij e marrin simbolist\u00ebt francez\u00eb. Vargun e lir\u00eb e kemi edhe te poezit\u00eb n\u00eb proz\u00eb t\u00eb Bodlerit<\/strong>. Vargu i lir\u00eb ndodhet edhe n\u00eb madrigalin<\/em> italian, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cFabula\u201d (Fables<\/em>, v\u00ebllimi i par\u00eb m\u00eb 1668; i dyti m\u00eb 1678-79) t\u00eb La Fontenit <\/strong>(La Fontaine), n\u00eb komedit\u00eb e Molierit <\/strong>(Moli\u00e8re, 1622-1673) etj. N\u00eb let\u00ebrsit\u00eb evropiane vargu i lir\u00eb<\/em> i mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb shfaqet jo m\u00eb par\u00eb se n\u00eb shekullin XX. N\u00eb Itali e zbatojn\u00eb liriku Gabriele D\u2019Anuncio <\/strong>(D\u2019Annunzio, 1863-1938) dhe futurist\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb Gjermani e aplikojn\u00eb ekspresionist\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik futurist\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>, nd\u00ebrsa me sukses m\u00eb t\u00eb madh Vladimir Majakovski <\/strong>(1893-1930). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim: Hermetizmi<\/em><\/strong> (sipas emrit t\u00eb alkimistit egjiptian t\u00eb shekullit III Hermes Trisegistos<\/strong>; mister; mbyllje<\/em>) \u00ebsht\u00eb tendenc\u00eb n\u00eb lirik\u00ebn moderne, por shpeshher\u00eb edhe n\u00eb format e tjera letrare q\u00eb ndjenjat dhe p\u00ebrvojat e njeriut t\u00eb komunikohen n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllur, n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshti me format stilistike tradicionale dhe me m\u00ebnyrat e kapshme t\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuarit. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e lirik\u00ebs hermetike heqin dor\u00eb nga kategorit\u00eb sintaksore logjike dhe e p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb shprehurit e lir\u00eb e t\u00eb palidhur q\u00eb her\u00eb-her\u00eb b\u00ebhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kaotike dhe e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u\u00a0 kuptuar. karakteristike \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekja q\u00eb fjala poetike t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ezoterike<\/em> q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujton gongorizmin<\/em><\/strong>. Hermetist\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb shtigje shpreh\u00ebse t\u00eb reja. Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr form\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkryer t\u00eb krijimit artistik, poeti francez Pol Valeri<\/strong> vuri n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb rendin e vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm, forc\u00ebn e vullnetit e t\u00eb mendjes dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha intelektin.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, poezit\u00eb e tij b\u00ebhen v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb kapshme, lexohen me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb aspektin e motivit dhe t\u00eb tem\u00ebs i kan\u00eb karakteristikat e hermetizmit. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ato jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrethin e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe t\u00eb mbyllur t\u00eb motive poetike. P\u00ebr shembull poema simboliste \u201cVarreza pran\u00eb detit\u201d<\/em> (Le Cimeti\u00e8re marin)<\/em>. Poeti anglo-amerikan Tam\u00ebz St\u00ebrnz Elli\u00ebt <\/strong>(Thomas Stearns Eliot, 1888-1965) shprehjen poetike t\u00eb tij e nd\u00ebrtoi mbi bazat e simbolizmit, duke e ruajtur karakteristik\u00ebn themelore t\u00eb tij \u2013 karakterin simbolik t\u00eb shprehjes \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha veprat e veta. Por, zhvilloi edhe mbylljen<\/em> e posa\u00e7me<\/em> t\u00eb figurave poetike t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb mund t\u00eb lidhen dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetohen. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrmjet tyre ekziston nj\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb e thell\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb bot\u00ebn intelektuale t\u00eb mbyllur t\u00eb poetit. P\u00ebr shembull poema n\u00eb pes\u00eb pjes\u00eb, kryevepra \u201cVendi i shkret\u00eb\u201d (The Waste Land<\/em>, 1922)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebna themelore p\u00ebr poet\u00ebt e sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00eb:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aleksandar Aleksandrovi\u00e7 Blok <\/strong>(1880-1921) lirik, dramaturg dhe eseist rus; p\u00ebrktheu Bajronin<\/strong> (byron), Grilparcerin<\/strong> (Grillparzer), Hajnen <\/strong>(Heine), Hamsunin <\/strong>etj.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anatol<\/strong> Bazhy <\/strong>(Adrien Joseph Bajut, i quajtur Anatole Baju, 1861-1903) gazetar dhe shkrimtar francez;<\/p>\n

Andre Zhid <\/strong>(Andr\u00e9 Gide, 1869-1951) romancier dhe dramaturg francez, i njohur si intelektuar i guximsh\u00ebm dhe i pap\u00ebrmbajtur, p\u00ebrplot mendime t\u00eb lira dhe dilema p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat shkroi pa nguruar dhe pa rezerva; m\u00eb 1949 mori \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d;<\/p>\n

Andrej Bjeli <\/strong>(Andrej Belyj, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Boris Nikolajevi\u00e7 Bugajev. 1880-1934) poet, prozator, teoricien rus; njoh\u00ebs i kultur\u00ebs gjermane; m\u00eb 1903 kreu studimet e matematik\u00ebs; m\u00eb pas studioi filologjin\u00eb; hyri n\u00eb rrethin e simbolist\u00ebve;<\/p>\n

Anri Bergon <\/strong>(Henri Louis Bergson, 1859-1941) shkrimtar dhe filozof francez; m\u00eb 1927 mori \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi;\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Artur Rembo <\/strong>(Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud, 20.10.1854 \u2013 10.11.1891) poet francez i njohur p\u00ebr ndikimin mbi let\u00ebrsin\u00eb dhe artin modern, sidomos mbi surrealizmin<\/em>; opusin poetik e realizoi n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 16 deri 20 vje\u00e7; shpesh ikte nga sht\u00ebpia; njihej si njeri i shfrenuar dhe shpirt i trazuar. Lajmin p\u00ebr Komun\u00ebn e Parisit e pret me entuziaz\u00ebm. Shpesh brohoriste \u201cRendi u mund!\u201d<\/em> N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb b\u00ebhet anarkist<\/em>, fillon t\u00eb pij\u00eb, del i leckosur, me flok\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, sillet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pahijshme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shtator 1871, me ftes\u00eb t\u00eb poetit simbolist eminent, Verlenit\u00a0 prej Sharlvilit Remboja vjen n\u00eb Paris. Q\u00ebndron ca koh\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tij. Ndon\u00ebse i martuar, Verleni dashurohet tek i riu sykalt\u00ebr. Lidhja romantike midis Rembos\u00eb<\/strong> dhe Verlenit <\/strong>ka zgjatur gati dy vjet. B\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7rregulluar, p\u00ebrdorin apsing dhe hashash. N\u00eb qarqet letrare t\u00eb Parisit Rembon\u00eb e cil\u00ebsojn\u00eb si enfant terrible<\/em><\/strong> (f\u00ebmij\u00eb q\u00eb s\u2019l\u00eb dy gur\u00eb bashk\u00eb; i pashtruar)<\/em>. N\u00eb shtator 1872 dy poet\u00ebt nisen p\u00ebr n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr. Verleni l\u00eb gruan dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebn. Raportet nd\u00ebrmjet dy poet\u00ebve b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ashpra. Nga Londra, Verleni vjen n\u00eb Bruksel. M\u00eb 10 korrik 1873, me ftes\u00eb t\u00eb Verlenit Remboja vjen n\u00eb Bruksel. N\u00eb nj\u00eb z\u00ebnk\u00eb midis tyre, Verleni e q\u00ebllon me revole Rembon\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb akt d\u00ebnohet me dy vjet burg.<\/p>\n

Prej Londre Rembo kthehet n\u00eb Sharlvil (Charleville). E p\u00ebrfundon kryevepr\u00ebn e vet \u201cQ\u00ebndrimi n\u00eb ferr\u201d (Une Saison en Enfer)<\/em> t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb proz\u00eb lirike. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga veprat e para q\u00eb e manifeston frym\u00ebn e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb re simboliste. K\u00ebtu e tregon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb metaforike lidhjen e tij t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme (dr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage) me Verlenin. P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit Remboja dhe Verleni takohen n\u00eb vitin 1875 n\u00eb Shtutgart, pasi l\u00ebshohet nga burgu dhe b\u00ebhet katolik. Remboja jepet pas pun\u00ebve dhe sh\u00ebtit vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Sinovitisi<\/em> q\u00eb i shfaqet n\u00eb gjurin e djatht\u00eb i shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb tumor kancerogjen. M\u00eb 9 maj 1891 kthehet n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Shtrohet n\u00eb spitalin e Marsej\u00ebs ku m\u00eb 27 maj 1891 i amputohet k\u00ebmba. Muajt e fundit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs i kalon n\u00eb Marsej\u00eb pran\u00eb s\u00eb motr\u00ebs Izabel\u00eb. P\u00ebrjeton dhimbje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Vdes m\u00eb 10 n\u00ebntor 1891, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 37-vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n

Artur Shopenhauer <\/strong>(Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788-1860) filozof dhe eseist gjerman;<\/p>\n

Azorini <\/strong>(emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Jose Martinez Ruiz, 1873-1967) romancier dhe eseist spanjoll;<\/p>\n

B\u00ebrjusov <\/strong>(Valerij Jakovlevi\u00e7 Brjusov, 1873-1924) poet, romancier, dramaturg, kritik rus; teoricien dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i simbolizmit rus; p\u00ebrktheu Verlenin <\/strong>(Verlaine), metrlinkun <\/strong>(Maeterlinck), D\u2019Anuncion <\/strong>(D\u2019Annunzio), Verharenin <\/strong>(Verhaeren), Uajlldin <\/strong>(Wilde), Bodlerin <\/strong>(Baudelaire) etj.;<\/p>\n

Dimitrij Sergejevi\u00e7 Merezhkovski <\/strong>(Dimitrij Sergeevi\u00e7 Mere\u017ekovskij, 1865-1941) poet, prozator dhe kritik rus; n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb ruse u paraqit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e estetizmit<\/em><\/strong>; ishte i af\u00ebrt me simbolist\u00ebt rus\u00eb;<\/p>\n

Edgar Alan Po <\/strong>(Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849) lirik dhe tregimtar amerikan; ndikoi fuqish\u00ebm n\u00eb poezin\u00eb evropiane t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shekullit XIX dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX; Poezin\u00eb \u201cKorbi\u201d (The Raven)<\/em> dhe poezin\u00eb \u201dAnabel Li\u201d<\/em> (Annabel Lee)<\/em> i p\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb shqip Fan Noli <\/strong>(1882-1965).<\/p>\n

Eduar Dyzharden <\/strong>(Edouard Dujardin, 1861-1849) shkrimtari francez, nx\u00ebn\u00ebs i Malarmes\u00eb<\/strong>; N\u00eb romanin Dafinat jan\u00eb prer\u00eb\u201d<\/em> (Les lauriers sont coup\u00e9s, <\/em>1887)<\/em> p\u00ebrdor teknik\u00ebn narrative monologu i brendsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>, nj\u00eb prej prosedeve moderne kryesore; \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb e p\u00ebrdori k\u00ebt\u00eb teknik\u00eb letrare q\u00eb do ta arrij\u00eb kulmin me Marsel Prustin <\/strong>(Marcel Proust, 1871-1922), Xhejmz Xhojsin <\/strong>(James Joyce, 1882-1941), Virxhinia Ulfin <\/strong>(Virginia Woolf, 1882-1941);<\/p>\n

Emil Verharen <\/strong>(\u00c9mile Verharen, 1855-1916) poet simbolist dhe dramaturg belg i shprehjes gjuh\u00ebsore franceze; opusi i tij mban gjurm\u00ebt e fin du si\u00e8cle <\/em><\/strong>(fundit t\u00eb shekullit);<\/em><\/p>\n

Fan Stilian Noli <\/strong>(1882-1965) poet, dramaturg, klerik, politikan, p\u00ebrkthyes veprash letrare, figur\u00eb e shquar dhe e shumanshme e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, e kultur\u00ebs, e jet\u00ebs fetare dhe politike shqiptare;<\/p>\n

Franc Grilparcer<\/strong> (Franz Grillparzer, 1791-1872) dramaturg, lirik, tregimtar, shkrimtar epigramesh;<\/p>\n

Fransis Zham <\/strong>(Francis Jammes, 1868-1938) poet francez; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gabriele D\u2019Anuncio <\/strong>(Gabriele D\u2019Annunzio, 1863-1938) lirik, romancier dhe dramaturg italian; e ka quajtur Gjergj Fisht\u00ebn <\/strong>(1871-1940) \u201cpoeti m\u00eb i madh i popullit t\u00eb lavdish\u00ebm t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d<\/em>;<\/p>\n

Gystav Kan <\/strong>(Gustav Kahn, 1859-1936) poet dhe kritik francez arti; A. Rete<\/strong>, A. Mokeli<\/strong>,; <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjergj Fishta <\/strong>(1871-1940) poet, dramaturg, prozator, estet, publicist, klerik i lart\u00eb; e kan\u00eb quajtur Homeri<\/strong> shqiptar; p\u00ebr lirikat e tij, e kan\u00eb quajtur Tirteu<\/strong> shqiptar;<\/p>\n

Hajnrih Hajne <\/strong>(Heinrich Heine, 1797-1856) poet dhe eseist gjerman me prejardhje \u00e7ifute<\/em>;<\/p>\n

Henri d\u00eb Renje<\/strong> (Henri Fran\u00e7ois Joseph R\u00e9gnier, 1864-1936) poet dhe romancier francez, me prejardhje fisnike; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Herman fon Helmholc <\/strong>(Hermann von Helmholtz, emri origjinal Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz, 1821-1894) shkenc\u00ebtar dhe filozof gjerman;<\/p>\n

Hugo fon Hofmanstal <\/strong>(Hugo von Hoffmannstal, 1874-1929) romancier, poet, dramaturg, eseist austriak;<\/p>\n

Konstantin D. Balmont<\/strong> (1867-1942) poet simbolist rus;<\/p>\n

Kostis Palmas <\/strong>(1859-1943) simbolist grek; n\u00eb poezin\u00eb t\u00eb privuar nga ndikimi grek, synonte t\u00eb ringjall\u00eb thelbin e neohelenizmit<\/em>, duke e lidhur Helad\u00ebn me tradit\u00ebn popullore dhe erudite t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb bizantine dhe greke t\u00eb re;<\/p>\n

Knut Hamsun <\/strong>(mbiemri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Pedersen, 1859-1952) shkrimtar norvegjez pa ndonj\u00eb arsimim formal t\u00eb madh; dy her\u00eb q\u00ebndroi n\u00eb ShBA;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ludvig Klages<\/strong> (Ludwig Klages, 1872-1956) filozof, psikolog dhe teoricien gjerman;<\/p>\n

Ma\u00e7ad <\/strong>poet spanjoll;<\/p>\n

Moris Meterlink <\/strong>(Maurice PolydoreMarie Bernard Maeterlinck, 1862-1949) dramaturg, poet simbolist dhe eseist belg i shprehjes gjuh\u00ebsore franceze; m\u00eb 1911 mori \u00e7mimin \u201cNobel\u201d;<\/p>\n

Miguel de Unamuno <\/strong>(1864-1936) tregimtar, eseist dhe poet spanjoll; profesor i gjuh\u00ebs greke; p\u00ebr idet\u00eb e lira, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e diktatur\u00ebs s\u00eb M. Prima de Rivera u p\u00ebrndoq dhe u vendos n\u00eb Franc\u00eb;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Geradi<\/strong>, poet francez;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Pol Klodel <\/strong>(Paul Claudel, 1868-1955) poet dhe dramaturg francez; p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues diplomatik n\u00eb Japoni, n\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb Belgjik\u00eb;<\/p>\n

    Pol Valeri <\/strong>(Paul Ambroise Toussaint Valery, 1871-19450 poet dhe eseist francez; nj\u00eb prej p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i hermetizmit*<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb poezin\u00eb evropiane;<\/p>\n

    Pol Verlen <\/strong>(Paul Marie Verlaine, 1844-1896) poet dhe eseist francez; M\u00eb 1851 vjen n\u00eb Paris ku u shkollua dhe u pun\u00ebsua; m\u00eb 1871 u njoh me Artyr Rembon\u00eb dhe nisi nj\u00eb jet\u00eb plot shqet\u00ebsime; midis tyre kishte nj\u00eb miq\u00ebsi intime<\/em>; n\u00eb Bruksel, n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb dehur, q\u00eblloi me revole Rembon\u00eb; p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vuajti dy vjet burg n\u00eb Mons; <\/em><\/strong>duke mos qen\u00eb i aft\u00eb p\u00ebr ta zgjidhur konfliktin intim midis senzualitetit t\u00eb vet dhe d\u00ebshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr jet\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb, m\u00eb 1874 iu kthye katolicizmit; <\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Rainer Maria Rilke <\/strong>(1875-1926) poet austriak;<\/p>\n

    Rene Zhil <\/strong>(R\u00e9ne Ghil, mbiemri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Ghilbert, 1862-1925) poet francez, teoricien i shquar i simbolizmit;<\/p>\n

    Rihard Vagner <\/strong>(Wilhelm Richard Wagner, 1813-1883) kompozitor gjerman;<\/p>\n

    Stefan Georg <\/strong>(Stefan George, 1868-1933) lirik gjerman; p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i estetizmit<\/em> simbolist;<\/p>\n

    Stefan Malarme <\/strong>(St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, 1842-1898) poet francez; punoi si m\u00ebsues i gjuh\u00ebs angleze;<\/p>\n

    Stjuart Merill <\/strong>(Stuart Fitzrandolph Merill;\u00a0 Hempstead, Nju-Jork, 1863 \u2013 Versaj\u00eb, 1915) poet amerikan i cili shkroi n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn fr\u00ebnge; i kontribuoi simbolizmit francez;<\/p>\n

    Sharl Bodleri <\/strong>(Charles Baudelaire, 1821-1867) lirik francez, kritik letrar dhe kritik arti, figur\u00eb poetike m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e poezis\u00eb evropiane moderne;<\/p>\n

    Sharl Moris <\/strong>(Charles William Morris, 1901-1979) filozof dhe semiotik amerikan;<\/p>\n

    Sharl Pegi <\/strong>(Charles P\u00e9guy, 1873-1914) poet dhe eseist francez;<\/p>\n

    Tam\u00ebz St\u00ebrnz Elli\u00ebt <\/strong>(Thomas Stearns Eliot, 1888-1965) poet, kritik dhe dramaturg anglo-amerikan, i shkolluar n\u00eb Harvard, n\u00eb Sorb\u00ebn\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Oksford; n\u00eb vitin 1948 iu dha \u00e7mimi \u201cNobel\u201d;<\/p>\n

    Teodor de Banvil <\/strong>(Theodor Faullain de Banville, 1823-1891) poet dhe romancier francez, me ndikim mbi simbolizmin;<\/p>\n

    Teofil Gotje <\/strong>(Th\u00e9ophile Gautier, 1811-1872) poet dhe romancier francez, iu kund\u00ebrvu klasicizmit<\/em><\/strong>;<\/p>\n

    Alber Tibode <\/strong>(Albert Thibaudet, 1874-1936) eseist dhe kritik letrar francez; historian i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb; student i Anri Bergonit<\/strong>; autor i vepr\u00ebs \u201cHistoria e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb franceze: prej vitit 1789 deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona\u201d; (Histoire de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise de 1789 \u00e0 nos jours<\/em>, 1936; i vepr\u00ebs \u201cMendime p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb\u201d (R\u00e9flexions sur la litt\u00e9rature<\/em>, 1938;<\/p>\n

    Tin Ujeviq <\/strong>(August Josip Ujevi\u0107 \u201cTin\u201d, 1891-1953) poet dhe prozator kroat; shkrimin e kishte profesion; p\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb kroatisht poet\u00eb francez\u00eb, amerikan\u00eb dhe italian\u00eb; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Uolt<\/strong> Uitman <\/strong>(Walt Whitman, 1819-1892) poet amerikan;\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

    Viktor Hygoi <\/strong>(Victor Hugo, 1802-1885) poet, romancier dhe dramaturg francez, figur\u00eb tejet e shquar e romantizmit<\/em> francez;<\/p>\n

    Vladimir Majakovski <\/strong>(1893-1930) poet sovjetik; me entuziaz\u00ebm t\u00eb madh e priti revolucionin e tetorit (1917); p\u00ebrfundoi me vet\u00ebvrasje<\/em>;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Xhorxh Gordon<\/strong> Bajron<\/strong> (George Gordon Byron, 1788-1824) poet anglez i epok\u00ebs s\u00eb romantizmit<\/em>;<\/p>\n

    Zhan-Batist Molier <\/strong>(Jean-Baptiste Moli\u00e8re, 1622-1673) komediograf francez;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Zhak Prever <\/strong>(Jacques Pr\u00e9vert, 1900-1977) poet francez dhe skenarist filmi;<\/p>\n

    Zhan d\u00eb La Fonten <\/strong>(Jean de La Fontaine, 1621-1695) tregimtar dhe poet francez;<\/p>\n

    Zhan Kokto <\/strong>(Jean Cocteau, 1889-1963) poet, dramaturg, romancier dhe autor filmash;<\/p>\n

    Zhan Moreas <\/strong>(Jean Mor\u00e9as, Athin\u00eb, 1856 \u2013 Saint-Mand\u00e9, Paris, 1910). Moreasi ishte me prejardhje greke. Emrin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e kishte Ioannis Papadiamantopoulos;<\/p>\n

    Zhoris-Karl Uisman <\/strong>(1848-1907) romancier dhe kritik francez. Emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i tij ishte Georges Charles Huysmans. Nga vija e t\u00eb atit \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs i piktor\u00ebve t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm flaman\u00eb;<\/p>\n

    Zhorzh Rodenbah <\/strong>(Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach, 1855-1898) poet simbolist dhe romancier belg;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Xhelal Zejneli Krijimi artistik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i kapsh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm nga rrethi i zgjedhur dhe elitar i njoh\u00ebsve, arti nd\u00ebrkaq nuk mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb asnj\u00eb q\u00ebllimi politik, shoq\u00ebror apo moral. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e bukur se ajo q\u00eb nuk ekziston. (parnasist\u00ebt) Nocioni simboliz\u00ebm ka dometh\u00ebnie t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb \u2013 filozofik, linguistik, artistik, letrar. Si shkoll\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nSIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Krijimi artistik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i kapsh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm nga rrethi i zgjedhur dhe elitar i njoh\u00ebsve, arti nd\u00ebrkaq nuk mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb asnj\u00eb q\u00ebllimi politik, shoq\u00ebror apo moral. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e bukur se ajo q\u00eb nuk ekziston. (parnasist\u00ebt) Nocioni simboliz\u00ebm ka dometh\u00ebnie t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb \u2013 filozofik, linguistik, artistik, letrar. Si shkoll\u00eb […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/fjala.info\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/shkoder.net\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"314\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"31 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb\"},\"headline\":\"SIMBOLIZMI\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":6104,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/symbolism.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Artikuj\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/\",\"name\":\"SIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/symbolism.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/symbolism.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/symbolism.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":314},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/simbolizmi\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"SIMBOLIZMI\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/\",\"name\":\"FJALA e LIR\u00cb\",\"description\":\""E para ishte fjala..." - n\u00eb Shkoder.net\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"description\":\"Arben \u00c7okaj - M\u00ebsues Fizike & Informatike :: Gazetar & Analist i pavarur :: Autor librash :: Ueb- & Grafik dizajner\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fjala.info\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/facebook.com\\\/shkoder.net\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/acokaj\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/acokaj\",\"https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCWHTIr21i1vLKsLzVv1TM-w\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"SIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"SIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb","og_description":"Xhelal Zejneli Krijimi artistik mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i kapsh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm nga rrethi i zgjedhur dhe elitar i njoh\u00ebsve, arti nd\u00ebrkaq nuk mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb asnj\u00eb q\u00ebllimi politik, shoq\u00ebror apo moral. Asgj\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e bukur se ajo q\u00eb nuk ekziston. (parnasist\u00ebt) Nocioni simboliz\u00ebm ka dometh\u00ebnie t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb \u2013 filozofik, linguistik, artistik, letrar. Si shkoll\u00eb […]","og_url":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/","og_site_name":"FJALA e LIR\u00cb","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/fjala.info\/","article_author":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/shkoder.net\/","article_published_time":"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":314,"url":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/acokaj","twitter_site":"@acokaj","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"31 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/#\/schema\/person\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb"},"headline":"SIMBOLIZMI","datePublished":"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/"},"wordCount":6104,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg","articleSection":["Artikuj"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/","url":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/","name":"SIMBOLIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg","datePublished":"2020-09-25T23:03:55+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/#\/schema\/person\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/symbolism.jpg","width":600,"height":314},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/simbolizmi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"SIMBOLIZMI"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/","name":"FJALA e LIR\u00cb","description":""E para ishte fjala..." - n\u00eb Shkoder.net","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/#\/schema\/person\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be103c95acc3db7547b619bb966688693542eac057aaed7ec4502234d461b6e3?s=96&r=g","caption":"admin"},"description":"Arben \u00c7okaj - M\u00ebsues Fizike & Informatike :: Gazetar & Analist i pavarur :: Autor librash :: Ueb- & Grafik dizajner","sameAs":["https:\/\/fjala.info\/","https:\/\/facebook.com\/shkoder.net\/","https:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/acokaj\/","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/acokaj","https:\/\/youtube.com\/channel\/UCWHTIr21i1vLKsLzVv1TM-w"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59885,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59883\/revisions\/59885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}