{"id":5991,"date":"2016-08-23T01:10:39","date_gmt":"2016-08-23T00:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=5991"},"modified":"2021-04-16T22:09:02","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T21:09:02","slug":"historiku-i-abetares-shqipe-1844-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/historiku-i-abetares-shqipe-1844-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTORIKU I ABETARES SHQIPE (1844-2016)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb \u2013 nga Abetarja e Par\u00eb Abetarja, libri i par\u00eb me t\u00eb cilin i fillojm\u00eb hapat e par\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn edukative dhe arsimore, ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb 172- vje\u00e7are. Pra kan\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb q\u00eb kur populli shqiptar pati n\u00eb duar abetaren e par\u00eb. Q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb, abetare t\u00eb shumta kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb gjenerata t\u00eb t\u00ebra nx\u00ebn\u00ebsish. Por, libri i par\u00eb, me t\u00eb cilin takohen njer\u00ebzit, p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt, ka nj\u00eb histroi n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb dhimbshme. Kjo histori \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur me emra t\u00eb shumt\u00eb t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb me t\u00ebr\u00eb qenien e shkruan, por edhe t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb e mbrojt\u00ebn edhe me jet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Abetarja ishte arma m\u00eb e fuqishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur arsimin shqip nga var\u00ebsia e arsimimit n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb huaja.
\nFillimi i rrug\u00ebtimit t\u00eb Abetares s\u00eb Par\u00eb Ishte pik\u00ebrisht viti 1844 q\u00eb sh\u00ebnon nism\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj ngjarje t\u00eb madhe, kur u botua \u201cEvetari shqip\u201d i Naum Veqilharxhit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe abetarja e par\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe. K\u00ebto abetare, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 q\u00eb ndikuan n\u00eb arsimim (m\u00ebsimin e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe), ndikuan edhe n\u00eb edukimin e gjeneratave t\u00eb shumta me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e tyre. Ato krijuan dhe zhvilluan ndjenja atdhetare. Abetarja ishte nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb popullit shqiptar p\u00ebr liri. Ajo ishte luft\u00eb n\u00eb vete. E b\u00ebnin pedagog\u00ebt dhe e mbronin luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt. Por, edhe shumica e k\u00ebtyre pedagog\u00ebve ishin edhe luft\u00ebtar\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, ndryshe nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mbijetonin abetaret, po t\u00eb mos mbroheshin me arm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Disa nga autor\u00ebt edhe ran\u00eb d\u00ebshmor\u00eb si: Naum Veqilharxhi, Anastas Kullurioti, Luigj Gurakuqi, Jashar Erebara, Shefqet Daiu e shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Abetaret b\u00ebn\u00eb historin\u00eb e arsimit shqip n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha trojet ku jetonin shqiptar\u00ebt, por edhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Ky lib\u00ebr q\u00eb konsiderohet si i shenjt\u00eb, nuk ishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mjet pune p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar shkrim-leximin, por ishte edhe nj\u00eb shtytje p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin komb\u00ebtar gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb shekulli e gjysm\u00eb. Me Abetaren nuk u lidh\u00ebn vet\u00ebm m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit, por edhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb fushave t\u00eb tjera, njer\u00ebz t\u00eb \u00e7do shtrese, t\u00eb \u00e7do profesioni. Luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e mbanin krahas arm\u00ebs p\u00ebr t’i shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsohej gjuha shqipe, q\u00eb t\u00eb viheshin themelet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur m\u00eb von\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb arsimuar, q\u00eb do t\u00eb kontribuonin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri t\u00eb arsimuar.<\/p>\n

V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebtimit t\u00eb Abetares s\u00eb Par\u00eb Por, me Abetaren u doli pun\u00eb armiqve dhe atyre q\u00eb ishin kund\u00ebr kombit dhe arsimit shqip, prandaj ky lib\u00ebr edhe u vu n\u00eb list\u00ebn e botimeve t\u00eb ndaluara p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vjet. N\u00eb disa raste u dogj. Naum Veqilharxhin e helmuan dhe u p\u00ebrpoqen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb librin e tij ta zhduknin. Por, lufta p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e fort\u00eb se d\u00ebshirat e pushtuesve dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. D\u00ebshira p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00ebn e abetares ishte m\u00eb e madhe dhe dhuna q\u00eb ushtrohej mbi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb merreshin me t\u00eb nga p\u00ebrgatitje, botimi, e deri te shp\u00ebrndarja.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur gjall\u00eb e t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt abetaren shqipe derdh\u00ebn mundin, djers\u00ebn e intelektin e tyre penat m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, si: N. Veqilharxhi, K. Kristoforidhi, D. Bori\u00e7i, S. Frash\u00ebri, J. Vreto, K. Hoxhi, P. Vasa, A. Kullurioti, L. Gurakuqi, P. Qiriazi, N. Lako, S. Shuteriqi, A. Xhuvani, N. Paluca, Th. Papapano, J. Minga, M. Logoreci, G. Beltoja, L. Skendo, L. Lumezi etj. e deri m\u00eb t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb si Q. Guranjaku, K. Xhumari, Q. Batalli, M. Gjevori, Gj. Gjokaj, Xh. Gega etj. Shumica e autor\u00ebve t\u00eb abetareve jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb analet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb arsimit dhe t\u00eb mendimit pedagogjik shqiptar si pedagog\u00eb t\u00eb shquar, si didakt\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb dhe si metodist\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur dhe origjinal\u00eb n\u00eb mjesht\u00ebrin\u00eb e m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnies. T\u00eb till\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur Naum Veqilharxhi, Konstandin Kristoforidhi, Jani Vreto, Sami Frash\u00ebri, Gasp\u00ebr Benusi, Jan Risto Terova, Parasqevi Qiriazi, Luigj Gurakuqi, Jani Minga, Simon Shuteriqi, Jashar Erebara, Nikolla Lako, Mati Logoreci, Gasp\u00ebr Beltoja, Ndue Paluca, Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani, Pertef Pogoni, Qamil Guranjaku, Kol\u00eb Xhumari, Mehmet Gjevori etj.<\/p>\n

4
\nE nisi Naum Veqilharxhi me \u201c\u00cbvetarin\u201d<\/strong>
\nNaum Panajot Bredhi, i mbiquajtur Veqilharxhi, \u00ebsht\u00eb ideologu i par\u00eb i Rilindjes n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nj\u00eb nga ata q\u00eb u hap\u00ebn udh\u00ebn ideve t\u00eb reja politike e kulturore komb\u00ebtare. Naum Veqilharxhi lindi m\u00eb 1797 n\u00eb Vithkuq t\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00ebs. Ai pati m\u00ebrguar n\u00eb Rumani. I ndikuar nga idet\u00eb e l\u00ebvizjes komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb Ballkanit, mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb revolucionin rumun t\u00eb vitit 1821 kund\u00ebr Turqis\u00eb, revolucion q\u00eb pati karakter jo vet\u00ebm \u00e7lirimtar antiosman, por dhe antifeudal. Me formimin iluminist, Veqilharxhi e drejtoi v\u00ebmendjen tek atdheu i tij. N\u00eb vitet `40 t\u00eb shekullit XIX l\u00ebvizjet \u00e7lirimtare n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kishin marr\u00eb hov, por atyre u mungonte nj\u00eb program komb\u00ebtar dhe nj\u00eb platform\u00eb ideologjike e p\u00ebrpunuar.<\/p>\n

Veqilharxhi ka merit\u00eb se n\u00eb shkrimet e tij formuloi i pari k\u00ebrkesat themelore t\u00eb Rilindjes. Pun\u00ebn e tij si atdhetar iluminist e nisi me krijimin e nj\u00eb alfabeti origjinal t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej 33 shkronjash. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb alfabet hartoi dhe libra p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimin e shqipes. T\u00eb parin lib\u00ebr, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e para abetare p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimin e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, Veqilharxhi e botoi m\u00eb 1844 me titullin “Ev\u00ebtar”.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, m\u00eb 1845, e botoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuar e t\u00eb zgjeruar, me titullin “Fare i ri ev\u00ebtar shqip p\u00ebr djelm nism\u00ebtar”, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me nj\u00eb parath\u00ebnie p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb e rinj shqiptar\u00eb. K\u00ebta libra t\u00eb Veqilharxhit u prit\u00ebn me entuziaz\u00ebm nga patriot\u00ebt brenda dhe jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz m\u00ebsuan t\u00eb shkruanin me alfabetin e tij. K\u00ebrkesat e l\u00ebvizjes son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, Veqilharxhi i paraqiti n\u00eb tri shkrime t\u00eb tij: N\u00eb parath\u00ebnien e botimit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Ev\u00ebtarit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar nipit t\u00eb tij dhe sidomos n\u00eb nj\u00eb “Enqiklik\u00eb\u201e (let\u00ebr qarkore).”Enqiklik\u00ebn\u201e ai ua drejtoi m\u00eb 1846 bashk\u00ebadhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij. Ky dokument \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar si manifesti i par\u00eb i l\u00ebvizjes son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, si nj\u00eb program pune p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Vepra e Veqilharxhit luajti rol t\u00eb madh gjat\u00eb Rilindjes.<\/p>\n

Rilind\u00ebsit e njihnin si paraardh\u00ebs dhe ushqenin p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb nderim t\u00eb madh. Me idet\u00eb e tij iluministe dhe me veprimtarin\u00eb e tij n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb kombit e t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, Veqilharxhi fitoi dashurin\u00eb dhe respektin e bashkatdhetar\u00ebve patriot\u00eb, por edhe m\u00ebrin\u00eb e armiqve t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb grekoman\u00ebve. M\u00eb 1846, ai u helmua nga agjent\u00ebt e Patriarkan\u00ebs, duke qen\u00eb k\u00ebshtu jo vet\u00ebm i pari ideolog, por edhe i pari d\u00ebshmor i Rilindjes Komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

5
\nAbetarja e Par\u00eb tet\u00ebfaq\u00ebshe!<\/strong>
\nNaum Veqilharxhi e zgjidhi sipas pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb tij \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e alfabetit, e m\u00eb pas u mor me hartimin e abetareve p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk kishte nj\u00eb alfabet t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs son\u00eb dhe nuk kishte shkolla n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn amtare. Naum Veqilharxhi, fillimisht hartoi nj\u00eb abetare prej 8 faqesh me titull “Fort i shkurt\u00ebr e i p\u00ebrdorshim Evetar shqip p\u00ebr \u00e7do si cill\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb m\u00ebsonj\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnduarit e t\u00eb shkruarit bukur shqip”. Autori e shihte se pak faqe nuk ishin t\u00eb mjaftueshme, por e ndiente t\u00eb domosdoshme t\u00eb b\u00ebnte edhe ndonj\u00eb sqarim. K\u00ebshtu n\u00eb parath\u00ebnien e botimit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb theksonte se “mos i v\u00ebshtroni t\u00eb vog\u00eblmit e ti, koha do t’i d\u00ebftenj\u00eb t\u00eb matht\u00eb e t\u00eb rendit” (=r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij).<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb Veqilharxhi, m\u00eb 1845 botoi abetaren e dyt\u00eb prej 50 faqesh me titull “Fare i ri \u00cbvetar shqip p\u00ebr djelm nism\u00ebtor, nxjerr\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb mb\u00eb drit\u00eb tani her\u00ebn e par\u00eb p\u00ebr djem t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl me nj\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhur nga disa gj\u00eb t\u00eb mirash e t\u00eb fitim\u00ebshme”. Parath\u00ebnia e botimit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb kishte si titull “E parth\u00ebnme p\u00ebr mbi djemt e rinj shqip\u00ebtar\u00eb”. Ishte nj\u00eb manifest i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i l\u00ebvizjes son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave, kjo parath\u00ebnie kishte vlera edhe p\u00ebr mendimet q\u00eb jep p\u00ebr zhvillimin e gjuh\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb arsimit komb\u00ebtar. N\u00eb Evetar ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb edhe k\u00ebshilla p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinj, shum\u00eb prej tyre me p\u00ebrmbajtje praktike dhe edukative, si: Secili ka p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb t\u00eb doj\u00eb vendin e tij. M\u00eb e madhe gj\u00eb se t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit nuk ka mb\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb jet\u00eb; Kush nuk m\u00ebson e nuk punon, nuk duhet t\u00eb haj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

6<\/strong>
\nBotimi i dyt\u00eb i \u201cEvetarit\u201d me porosi<\/strong>
\n“Fare i ri evetar shqip p\u00ebr djelm nism\u00ebtar\u201d Naum Veqilharxhi e kishte shoq\u00ebruar me nj\u00eb parath\u00ebnie p\u00ebr djemt\u00eb e rinj shqiptar\u00eb, po ashtu edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr d\u00ebrguar nipit t\u00eb tij dhe sidomos n\u00eb nj\u00eb “Enqiklik\u00eb\u201d(let\u00ebr qarkore). “Enqiklik\u00ebn\u201d ai ua drejtoi m\u00eb
\n1846 bashkadhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij. Ky dokument \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar si manifesti i par\u00eb i l\u00ebvizjes son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, si nj\u00eb program pune p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Ai flet me dhembje p\u00ebr gjendjen tep\u00ebr t\u00eb prapambetur t\u00eb popullit shqiptar. K\u00ebt\u00eb e shpjegon me pushtimet e vazhdueshme t\u00eb t\u00eb huajve, me ndryshimet politike e fetare, sidomos me “l\u00ebnien pas dore t\u00eb l\u00ebvrimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare\u201d. Ata shqiptar\u00eb q\u00eb shkolloheshin n\u00ebp\u00ebr vende dhe shkolla t\u00eb huaja, shpesh m\u00ebrgonin larg atdheut n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb ishin \u201cmir\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebs\u201d, et\u00ebr e m\u00ebsonj\u00ebs t\u00eb atheut e t\u00eb kombit ton\u00eb. Por, Veqilharxhi nuk e humbet shpres\u00ebn dhe u b\u00ebn thirrje bashkatdhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb mbushen me hov e guxim.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb stil t\u00eb shkath\u00ebt, t\u00eb figursh\u00ebm, e plot optimiz\u00ebm ai shkruan: “Le t\u00eb hedhim far\u00ebn e mir\u00eb dhe me siguri vet\u00eb natyra e shenjt\u00eb e ngjarjeve do t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr gjall\u00ebrimin, mbirjen dhe rritjen e saj, pem\u00ebt e bukura dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb \u00ebmbla t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs do t’i korr\u00eb padyshim brezi i ardhm\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb bekoj\u00eb ata bujq dhe ata mbjell\u00ebs t\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d. Veqilharxhi mendon se q\u00eb t\u00eb dalim nga gjendja e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn ton\u00eb e t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapim arsimin shqip, t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapim far\u00ebn e dituris\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb mirat m\u00eb pas. Ai, po ashtu, mendon se padituria \u00ebsht\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsi, q\u00eb barazohet me skllav\u00ebrin\u00eb. “Ato kombe q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur n\u00eb padije, u sh\u00ebmb\u00ebllejn\u00eb thjesht skllev\u00ebrve\u201d. Nj\u00eb komb mund t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga mjerimi dhe prapambetja, kur t\u00eb filloj\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebvroj\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn komb\u00ebtare. Gjuh\u00ebn ton\u00eb ne duhet ta shkruajm\u00eb me “shkronja t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta komb\u00ebtare\u201d, sepse k\u00ebshtu, mendoi ai, se edhe ne do t\u00eb vihemi n\u00eb radh\u00ebn e kombeve t\u00eb qytet\u00ebruara. Veqilharxhi i kontribuoi edhe gjuh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Studiues t\u00eb shumt\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb edhe me gjuh\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb abetaret e Veqilharxhit, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re nj\u00eb prirje p\u00ebr t’i afruar dialektet e shqipes, sikur edhe d\u00ebshira dhe p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr pasurimin dhe pastrimin e gjuh\u00ebs, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me struktur\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs son\u00eb. Disa nga shembujt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim jan\u00eb: t\u00ebrulmt -p\u00ebrulje, t\u00ebrsjellt =p\u00ebrkthej, p\u00ebrgjykonj =rigjykoj, p\u00ebrfla\u00e7 =p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebsh, parfolm\u00ebsi =profet, parpleqt\u00eb =st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit, mfshers\u00ebs =spiun, nxjer\u00ebs -hartues, krer\u00ebtore=shkronj\u00eb e madhe, m\u00ebz\u00ebtore= bashk\u00ebting\u00ebllore, vendlermi= atdhe, vendlehti= parajs\u00eb etj. N\u00eb Evetar\u00ebt e tij gjall\u00ebroi edhe ndonj\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, si g\u00ebrbje p\u00ebr kull\u00eb, ose i p\u00ebrdori me zgjerim kuptimi, si dora p\u00ebr fara, komit\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbyes, kuv\u00ebnt p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb etj. Nga fjal\u00ebt e krijuara disa u trash\u00ebguan, si fletore p\u00ebr lib\u00ebr, abetare, broshur\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr gazet\u00eb, e parth\u00ebnme p\u00ebr parath\u00ebnie, z\u00ebtore m\u00eb zanore etj.<\/p>\n

7<\/strong>
\nAbetarja \u00ebsht\u00eb shtypur n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme Historia e abetareve \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur ngusht me historin\u00eb e shkoll\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare shqiptare dhe ajo i ka hapur rrug\u00eb botimit t\u00eb teksteve t\u00eb tjera shkollore. Abetarja \u00ebsht\u00eb shtypur jasht\u00eb vendit dhe brenda territorit t\u00ebe shtetit t\u00eb pavarur shqiptar: n\u00eb Bukuresht, Sofje, Stamboll, Athin\u00eb, Napoli, Manastir, Bruksel, Paris, \u00cbor\u00e7ester, Kajro, Aleksandri, Shkod\u00ebr, Tiran\u00eb, Prizren, Prishtin\u00eb,Kor\u00e7\u00eb, Vlor\u00eb, Shkup etj.Abetaret e botuara nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri e Kosov\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha trevat ku jetonin shqiptar\u00ebt. Roli i tyre ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh, sepse f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb rriturit shqiptar\u00eb duke m\u00ebsur shkrim-lexim u vet\u00ebdij\u00ebsuan p\u00ebr vlerat e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e popullit shqiptar, nd\u00ebrsa u nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsuan p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Por, Evetari i par\u00eb ishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nga nismat e mbara dhe ky lib\u00ebr erdhi duke u p\u00ebrsosur dhe duke u p\u00ebrshtatur vazhdimisht me ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs dhe m\u00eb metodat m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb shkrim-leximit. Abetaret tona, n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo forme q\u00eb jan\u00eb paraqitur a botuar, si tekste t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillta apo si nj\u00eb fletushk\u00eb, gjithnj\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur karakter funksional. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje ato kan\u00eb ardhur gjithnj\u00eb duke u pasuruar dhe p\u00ebrsosur, duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb ndihmes\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e kultur\u00ebs shqiptare. Me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e tyre, ato gjithnj\u00eb kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer jo vet\u00ebm si mjete p\u00ebr t’i aft\u00ebsuar nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar dhe shkruar gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, por edhe si mjete t\u00eb fuqishme edukimi. Me paraqitjen e tyre figurative ato kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer edhe si mjete t\u00eb fuqishme p\u00ebr edukimin etik, estetik dhe artistik t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb etap\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shkollimit t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

8<\/strong>
\nAbetaret q\u00eb jan\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare Abetarja m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare dhe Universitare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb mban vitin 1911 dhe titulli i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cAbetare e gjuh\u00ebs shqip me skronja e ra\u201d. Nj\u00eb abetare tjet\u00ebr, tet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb e re \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e Thoma P. Pano me titull \u201cShk\u00ebndilat e para, abetar shtimi i ‘ti’\u201d. Abetarja e radh\u00ebs p\u00ebr nga vjet\u00ebrsia, \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e vitit 1922 me titull \u201cAbetar p\u00ebr shkollat fillore t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d, me autor\u00eb A.Xhuvani. nd\u00ebrsa, e dat\u00ebs 1927 \u00ebsht\u00eb abetarja e botuar nga Ministria e Arsimit e asaj kohe me titull \u201cAbetar p\u00ebr shkollat fillore t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb BKUK ekzistojn\u00eb edhe ekzemplar\u00eb t\u00eb abetares s\u00eb vitit 1947 t\u00eb hartuar nga Mehmet Gjevori, Stathi Kastrati dhe Jani Gjino. Edhe abetarja e vitit 1950 ka p\u00ebr autor Mehmet Gjevorin, Shefqet Veliun, Stathai Kastratin dhe Talat Pa\u00e7arizin.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb komunizmit Shqipria dhe Kosova punonin me abetare t\u00eb ndryshme. Ramiz Hoxha ka qen\u00eb autor i Abetares s\u00eb vitit 1966, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb 1977 abetaren e ka shkruar Mehmedali Hoxha. N\u00eb vitin 1978 abetaren q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e ka hartuar Xhevat Gega. Abetare jan\u00eb hartuar edhe gjat\u00eb viteve ’90. N\u00eb vitin 2000, Abetarja p\u00ebr nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e Kosov\u00ebs u hartua nga Qamil Batalli e Agim Deva. N\u00ebp\u00ebr koh\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme, Abetaret kan\u00eb pasur mision jo vet\u00ebm m\u00ebsimin e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, por edhe misione t\u00eb ndryshme deri te ato politike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Abetarja m\u00eb e re, \u00ebsht\u00eb pun\u00eb e ko-autor\u00ebve nga t\u00eb dyja shtetet, Mimoza Xhokutaj dhe Shezai Rrokaj nga Shqip\u00ebria, si dhe Saranda Pozhegu dhe Islam Krasniqi nga Kosova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb \u2013 nga Abetarja e Par\u00eb Abetarja, libri i par\u00eb me t\u00eb cilin i fillojm\u00eb hapat e par\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn edukative dhe arsimore, ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb 172- vje\u00e7are. Pra kan\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb q\u00eb kur populli shqiptar pati […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nHISTORIKU I ABETARES SHQIPE (1844-2016) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/historiku-i-abetares-shqipe-1844-2016\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HISTORIKU I ABETARES SHQIPE (1844-2016) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb \u2013 nga Abetarja e Par\u00eb Abetarja, libri i par\u00eb me t\u00eb cilin i fillojm\u00eb hapat e par\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn edukative dhe arsimore, ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb 172- vje\u00e7are. 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