{"id":60163,"date":"2020-10-04T10:40:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T08:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=60163"},"modified":"2020-10-04T10:40:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T08:40:17","slug":"surrealizmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/surrealizmi\/","title":{"rendered":"SURREALIZMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Xhelal Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Surrealizmi <\/strong>(fr, surr\u00e9alisme \u2013 mbirealiz\u00ebm; mbirealitet<\/em>) \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizje letrare dhe artistike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Termin e vuri n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb vitin 1918 poeti francez Gijom Apoliner <\/strong>(Guillaume Apollinaire). Surrealizmi e vazhdon dadaizmin <\/em><\/strong>dhe frym\u00ebn rebeluese t\u00eb tij, revolt\u00ebn kund\u00ebr tradit\u00ebs dhe shprehive e zakoneve t\u00eb ngulitura, urrejtjen ndaj normave shoq\u00ebrore. Por, p\u00ebr dallim nga fryma mohuese kategorike e dadaizmit<\/em>, e ka edhe an\u00ebn e tij pozitive dhe konstruktive. Ka edhe program t\u00eb caktuar. Mendimet themelore dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb surrealizmit i p\u00ebrmban \u201cManifesti i surrealizmit\u201d <\/em>q\u00eb e botoi m\u00eb 1924 poeti, tregimtari dhe teoricieni francez Andre Breton<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Surrealist\u00ebt synojn\u00eb t\u00eb mposhtin logjiken<\/em> dhe racionalen <\/em>si dhe imagjinat\u00ebn tradicionale.<\/em> E p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb kontrollin e intelektit dhe nxjerrin n\u00eb plan t\u00eb par\u00eb vizionet, asociacionet e instinkteve, halucinacionet dhe elementet e \u00ebndrrave. Krijimtari artistike lihet \u00a0t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqet prej n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes<\/em><\/strong>, e vetmja q\u00eb mund t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtoj\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e realitetit.<\/p>\n

Bazat teorike t\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjeve t\u00eb veta surrealist\u00ebt i arsyetuan m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti me psikanaliz\u00ebn <\/em><\/strong>e Zigmund<\/strong> Frojdit<\/strong> (Freud). Prerazi i kund\u00ebrvihen \u00e7do realizmi <\/em><\/strong>dhe racionalizmi<\/em><\/strong>. Jan\u00eb lejojn\u00eb q\u00eb\u00a0 ve\u00e7antit\u00eb e aktit krijues t\u00eb kontrollohen nga arsyeja<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Sipas tyre intelekti i deformon p\u00ebrmbajtjet e thella t\u00eb shpirtit. Krijimtaria buron prej thell\u00ebsive t\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes<\/em><\/strong>, prej vizioneve<\/em> dhe \u00ebndrrave alogjike<\/em> p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn dhe jet\u00ebn. Zbulimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen me gjurmimin e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm instinktiv dhe t\u00eb kontrolluar, ngase vet\u00ebm k\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb misterioze t\u00eb shpirtit. Surrealist\u00ebt duan diktatin e mendimeve n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7do kontrolli t\u00eb arsyes. Theksojn\u00eb veprimin e automatizmit shpirt\u00ebror. <\/em>P\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb q\u00eb e quajn\u00eb \u00a0t\u00eb shkruarit automatik<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>I flakin t\u00eb gjitha preokupimet estetike dhe morale. Atyre m\u00eb shum\u00eb u interesojn\u00eb psihogramet lirike<\/em>, e p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye me t\u00eb madhe jan\u00eb orientuar kah psikanaliza dhe nga jeta e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijshme e njeriut.<\/p>\n

Me disa pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb tyre dhe me tendenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb shprehje artistike e bot\u00ebs surreale, e bot\u00ebs t\u00eb fshehur thell\u00eb n\u00ebn faktet e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb dukshme dhe t\u00eb matshme, surrealizmi <\/em><\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb i af\u00ebrt dhe i ngjash\u00ebm me ekspresionizmin<\/em><\/strong>, me simbolizmin<\/em><\/strong>, e sidomos me dadaizmin<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Surrealist\u00ebt shtruan shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb njohura. Gjet\u00ebn motive<\/em> dhe tema<\/em> t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, duke zgjeruar k\u00ebsisoj l\u00ebmin tematik t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb artit. Surrealist\u00ebt nuk nxor\u00ebn emra t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj krijuesish. Nuk nxor\u00ebn as vepra t\u00eb m\u00ebdha poetike. Ndihmes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhan\u00eb n\u00eb planin teorik.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse nj\u00eb prej ve\u00e7orive themelore t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerja me artin dhe let\u00ebrsin\u00eb tradicionale<\/em><\/strong>, megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb surrealizmi<\/em> i ka edhe pararend\u00ebsit e vet. K\u00ebt\u00eb s\u2019e mohojn\u00eb dot as vet\u00eb surrealist\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebta jan\u00eb shkrimtar\u00eb q\u00eb mbjellin atmosfer\u00eb frike dhe tmerri, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb an\u00ebn misterioze t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore apo q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u2019i evokojn\u00eb mbresat dhe p\u00ebrjetimet e veta duke mos i lidhur me ndonj\u00eb lidhje logjike. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb: shkrimtari gjerman Markiz d\u00eb Sad <\/strong>(Marquis de Sade), shkrimtar\u00ebt e romanit t\u00eb tmerrit*<\/em><\/strong>, romantik\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb, poeti dhe tregimtari francez Zherar d\u00eb Nerval <\/strong>(G\u00e9rard de Nerval), poeti francez Petrus Borel<\/strong>, poeti francez Alojziys Bertran <\/strong>(Aloysius Bertrand), poeti francez Artyr Rembo <\/strong>(Rimbaud), poeti francez Lotreamon <\/strong>(Comte de Lautr\u00e9amont), poeti francez Gijom Apoliner<\/strong> (Guillaume Apollinaire).<\/p>\n

Baz\u00ebn filozofike t\u00eb vet surrealizmi<\/em><\/strong> e k\u00ebrkoi s\u00eb pari n\u00eb frojdiz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>, e pastaj n\u00eb marksiz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>. Fillim i surrealizmit<\/em><\/strong> konsiderohet viti 1924 kur poeti francez Andre Breton <\/strong>e botoi t\u00eb parin \u201cManifest t\u00eb surrealizmit\u201d (Manifest du surr\u00e9alisme)<\/em>. Rreth Bretonit tubohen edhe shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb: Lui Aragoni, Pol Elyari <\/strong>(Paul \u00c9luard), Benjamin Pere <\/strong>(Peret), Filip Supo <\/strong>(Soupault). K\u00ebsaj l\u00ebvizjeje i takonin edhe artist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si p. sh. piktori surrealist spanjoll Salvador Dali<\/strong>. Organ i surrealist\u00ebve <\/em>ishte revista \u201cLitt\u00e9rature\u201d (Let\u00ebrsi)<\/em> q\u00eb e themeluan n\u00eb vitin 1919 Andre Bretoni, Lui Aragoni dhe Filip Supo. N\u00eb fillim kjo ishte revist\u00eb dadaiste<\/em><\/strong>, por prej vitit 1922, pas ndarjes s\u00eb Bretonit dhe t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb tij nga poeti francez me prejardhje rumune Tristan Cara <\/strong>(Tzara) – u b\u00eb revist\u00eb e surrealist\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>. Revist\u00eb e surrealist\u00ebve ishte edhe \u201cLa R\u00e9volution surr\u00e9aliste\u201d (Revolucioni surrealist) <\/em>q\u00eb e botonte Bretoni n\u00eb vitet 1924-1929.<\/p>\n

Shefi dhe doktrinari i surrealist\u00ebve<\/em>, Andre<\/strong> Bretoni <\/strong>botoi tre manifeste dhe disa artikuj e shkrime n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i paraqiti konceptet kryesore t\u00eb l\u00ebvizjes: \u201cManifesti i surrealizmit\u201d (Manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme)<\/em> m\u00eb 1924; \u201cManifesti i dyt\u00eb i surrealizmit\u201d (Second manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme)<\/em> m\u00eb 1930; \u201cPozita politike e surrealizmit\u201d (Position politique du surr\u00e9alisme), <\/em>m\u00eb 1935; \u201cFillimet e nj\u00eb manifesti t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb surrealizmit apo jo\u201d (Prol\u00e9gom\u00e8nes \u00e0 un troisi\u00e8me manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme ou non) <\/em>m\u00eb 1942\/43.<\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebpamjet e veta i zbatoi praktikisht n\u00eb veprat: \u201cHapa t\u00eb humbur\u201d (Les Pas perdus, <\/em>1924), <\/em>romani poetik \u201cNadia\u201d <\/em>(1928), \u201cEn\u00eb komunikuese\u201d (Les Vases communicants, <\/em>1932), \u201cFsheht\u00ebsia 17\u201d (Arcane 17, <\/em>1947)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Programi i surrealist\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb revolucionar<\/em><\/strong>. Duan ta ndryshojn\u00eb pamjen e bot\u00ebs dhe ta \u00e7lirojn\u00eb njeriun nga t\u00eb gjitha prangat e arsyes<\/em> dhe t\u00eb moralit<\/em>. Duke dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb shtresat m\u00eb t\u00eb fshehta t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes s\u00eb njeriut, synojn\u00eb ta zbulojn\u00eb personalitetin autentik t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mes ndihet ndikimi i<\/em><\/strong> psikanaliz\u00ebs <\/em><\/strong>s\u00eb Frojdit<\/strong>. Duan t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por t\u00eb fshehur, surrealen<\/em> (mbirealen) n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sundon kaosi fillestar, i pa\u00e7rregulluar nga mendimi racional i njeriut. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb surrealitet<\/em> nuk mund t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet gjykimit logjik, <\/em>por me ndihm\u00ebn\u00a0 \u201ce automatizmit psikik\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht duke iu l\u00ebshuar funksionimit spontan t\u00eb shpirtit pa kurrfar\u00eb kontrolli t\u00eb arsyes, duke nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe at\u00eb q\u00eb fshihet n\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdije, me ndihm\u00ebn e metod\u00ebs t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Artyr Rembo <\/strong>e kishte quajtur \u201c\u00e7rregullim t\u00eb shqisave\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb atyre u intereson gjendjet shpirt\u00ebrore n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat aktiviteti i vet\u00ebdijes \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktuar n\u00eb minimum apo plot\u00ebsisht mungon: dehja, gjumi, \u00e7menduria.<\/p>\n

\u201cSurrealizmi bazohet n\u00eb besimin se forma t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb asociacioneve<\/em> jan\u00eb me realitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb dikur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh apo \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrfillur. Surrealizmi bazohet edhe n\u00eb plotfuqin\u00eb e \u00ebndrr\u00ebs, t\u00eb loj\u00ebs s\u00eb painteresuar t\u00eb mendimeve\u201d. (Andre Breton<\/strong>, Manifesti i surrealizmit)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Vepra artistike duhet t\u00eb shpreh\u00eb vizione dhe p\u00ebrjetime halucinante<\/em> q\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb funksionimit spontan t\u00eb shpirtit, pra kur shpirti funksionon spontanisht. P\u00ebr t\u2019u mos u \u00e7rregulluar autenticiteti i tyre, shkrimtari duhet t\u00eb sh\u00ebnoj\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb i vjen nd\u00ebrmend, duke iu l\u00ebshuar loj\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb asociacioneve.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb shkruarit automatik*<\/em><\/strong> b\u00ebhet mjet teknik kryesor i surrealist\u00ebve. N\u00eb saje t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj loje t\u00eb lir\u00eb asociacionesh zbulojm\u00eb lidhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e gj\u00ebrave.<\/em> Por, kur shpirti ndodhet n\u00eb gjendje normale, midis gj\u00ebrave nuk mund t\u00eb zbulohet kurrfar\u00eb lidhjeje.<\/p>\n

\u201cShum\u00eb\u00e7ka na shtyjn\u00eb t\u00eb besojm\u00eb se ekziston nj\u00eb gjendje e caktuar e shpirtit n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn jeta dhe vdekja, realja dhe imagjinarja, e kaluara dhe e ardhmja, e th\u00ebna dhe e path\u00ebna, e lart\u00ebsuara dhe e ul\u00ebta, tanim\u00eb nuk perceptohen ndaras\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb Bretoni<\/strong>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb lindin lidhjet m\u00eb t\u00eb pazakonshme t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve, figurat m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb befasi te lexuesi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u201cManifestin\u201d <\/em>e par\u00eb Bretoni e merr p\u00ebrkufizimin e figur\u00ebs t\u00eb poetit francez Pjer<\/strong> Reverdi <\/strong>(Pierre Reverdy), si \u201cnd\u00ebrlidhje e dy realiteteve q\u00eb pak apo shum\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb larg nj\u00ebri-tjetrit\u201d<\/em>. Salvador Dali <\/strong>zhvillon teorin\u00eb e ashtuquajtur \u201cdelirium paranojak-kritik\u201d<\/em>, d.m.th. e metod\u00ebs q\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb me \u201cultravet\u00ebdije\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>t\u00eb zbulohet n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdija<\/em><\/strong>, pa e privuar nga forca irracionale<\/em> e saj.<\/p>\n

Nga fundi i vitit 1925, n\u00eb zhvillimin e surrealizmit lind nj\u00eb etap\u00eb e re. P\u00ebr ta \u00e7liruar\u00a0 personalitetin e njeriut dhe p\u00ebr ta transformuar jet\u00ebn e tij, surrealizmi i afrohet marksizmit<\/em><\/strong>. Disa pjes\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb tij si Lui Aragoni, Pol Elyari, Andre Bretoni <\/strong>b\u00ebhen an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb angazhimin e artit n\u00eb ngjarjet politiko-shoq\u00ebrore. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast Bretoni deklaron: \u201cArti autentik i sot\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlidhur me veprimtarin\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore revolucionare: bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb, ai synon rr\u00ebnimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb kapitaliste\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se disa an\u00ebtar\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb pozicionet e vjetra, n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen surrealiste shkaktohet ndarja. Pas shum\u00eb polemikave dhe diskutimeve, e sidomos pas d\u00ebbimit t\u00eb Bretonit nga Partia Komuniste e Franc\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1933, autori i \u201cManifestit\u201d<\/em> heq dor\u00eb nga nd\u00ebrlidhja e artit me luft\u00ebn politike dhe pohon se surrealizmi<\/em>, forc\u00ebn e vet revolucionare e ka n\u00eb vetvete. Pra, forca revolucionare e<\/em> surrealizmit <\/em>ndodhet te vet\u00eb ai.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lidhur me surrealizmin<\/em>, Bretoni ka shkruar edhe shum\u00eb studime, si: \u201cSurrealizmi dhe arti figurativ\u201d (Le Surr\u00e9alisme et la Peinture, <\/em>1928), \u201c\u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb surrealizmi?\u201d (Qu\u2019est-ce que le surr\u00e9alisme?, <\/em>1934)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Duke synuar ta paraqes\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sa m\u00eb autentike \u201cdiktatin e mendimeve n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo kontrolli t\u00eb arsyes\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, Bretoni dhe bashk\u00ebmendimtar\u00ebt e tij i l\u00ebkund\u00ebn themelet e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb franceze, duke fituar ithtar\u00eb edhe n\u00eb let\u00ebrsit\u00eb e tjera. P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr lajthitjeve t\u00eb caktuara dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb arritjeve t\u00eb dukshme, ndikimi surrealist ndihmoi n\u00eb largimin nga p\u00ebrsosm\u00ebria e imponuar e<\/em><\/strong> artizmit<\/em><\/strong> formal <\/em>dhe p\u00ebrmbajt\u00ebsor<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pas luft\u00ebs, Bretoni <\/strong>m\u00eb n\u00eb fund i kthehet misticizmit*<\/em><\/strong> dhe okultizmit*<\/em><\/strong> – \u201cFsheht\u00ebsia 17\u201d (Arcane 17; <\/em>1947)<\/em> gj\u00eb q\u00eb e shk\u00ebput plot\u00ebsisht prej bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve t\u00eb dikursh\u00ebm, por i sjell edhe ithtar\u00eb t\u00eb rinj. N\u00eb vitin 1947 dhe 1959 ata organizojn\u00eb ekspozita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Por, k\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb ve\u00e7se mbetje t\u00eb surrealizmit<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ndon\u00ebse lindi n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, surrealizmi <\/em>nuk u p\u00ebrket vet\u00ebm francez\u00ebve. N\u00eb vitin 1933 grupe surrealiste<\/em> tanim\u00eb kemi n\u00eb Angli dhe gjetk\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1938 u mbajt n\u00eb Paris nj\u00eb ekspozit\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e surrealist\u00ebve. Mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vendeve. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb manifestimi i fundit i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, i cili sh\u00ebnon, n\u00eb mos fundin e surrealizmit, at\u00ebher\u00eb mbarimin e periudh\u00ebs ngadh\u00ebnjyese t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nuk ia doli ta nd\u00ebrronte pamjen e bot\u00ebs, surrealizmi<\/em> arriti ta nd\u00ebrroj\u00eb pamjen e poezis\u00eb. Shum\u00eb vepra surrealiste, p\u00ebrpos renditjes s\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb figurave, s\u2019b\u00ebjn\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.\u00a0 Midis tyre nd\u00ebrkaq, nuk zbulohet kurrfar\u00eb lidhjeje, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb to shpesh ka mistifikim <\/em>dhe poz\u00eb<\/em>. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, duke u interesuar p\u00ebr n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijen <\/em><\/strong>dhe irracionalen<\/em><\/strong> dhe duke synuar t\u2019i tejkaloj\u00eb kornizat tradicionale t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, surrealizmi<\/em>\u00a0 vuri n\u00eb dukje se ekzistojn\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar shprehje poetike dhe p\u00ebrmbajtje poetike. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb ushtroi ndikim n\u00eb poezin\u00eb moderne.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0 \u00a0*\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Shkrimi automatik <\/em><\/strong>(<\/em>fr. \u00e9criture automatique)<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb shkruarit pa kontrollin e vet\u00ebdijes, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb asociacioneve<\/em><\/strong>, ngjash\u00ebm me metod\u00ebn psikanalitike<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb mjekimit, me \u00e7\u2019rast pacienti e thot\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb i bie nd\u00ebrmend. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga karakteristikat kryesore t\u00eb surrealizmit<\/em>. Shkrimin automatik <\/em>Andre Bretoni e p\u00ebrkufizon si shprehje \u201ct\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb mendimeve, n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo kontrolli t\u00eb arsyes, jasht\u00eb \u00e7do preokupimi estetik apo moral\u201d<\/em>. Sipas mendimit t\u00eb surrealist\u00ebve, ky shp\u00ebrthim \u201ci produkteve t\u00eb jet\u00ebs psikike\u201d<\/em> lind n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb funksionimit spontan t\u00eb shpirtit, t\u00eb \u00e7liruar nga t\u00eb gjitha frenat e<\/em> arsyes <\/em>dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb menduarit logjik (automatizmi psikik)<\/em> \u2013 n\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr, n\u00ebn ndikimin e alkoolit apo t\u00eb drog\u00ebs, n\u00eb \u00e7menduri \u2013 dhe b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb zbulohet nj\u00eb realitet m\u00eb i lart\u00eb, absolut, nj\u00eb mbirealitet<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00eb zbardhen zonat e fshehta t\u00eb psikes s\u00eb njeriut dhe t\u00eb njihet personaliteti autentik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb, shkrimi automatik <\/em>mund t\u00eb konsiderohet teori surrealiste<\/em> e procesit krijues<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb surrealist\u00ebve<\/em>. N\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, shkrimi automatik<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb prosede themelore stili<\/em><\/strong> i surrealist\u00ebve dhe i shkrimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb modern\u00eb, sidomos i romancier\u00ebve (romani<\/em><\/strong> i p\u00ebrroit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes)<\/em> <\/strong>t\u00eb cil\u00ebt synojn\u00eb q\u00eb pa nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin e struktur\u00ebs racionale, ta shprehin n\u00eb art jet\u00ebn e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijshme t\u00eb njeriut. Ky prosede bazohet n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb asociacionin e lir\u00eb t\u00eb ideve. Por, sipas mendimit t\u00eb disa kritik\u00ebve (Dej\u00e7is)<\/strong>, mbetet e hapur \u00e7\u00ebshtja: Sa \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur shprehja e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes <\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb art? Sa vet\u00ebdija<\/em> dhe \u201ce pavet\u00ebdijshmja\u201d<\/em> nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shprehurit e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes?<\/em> Sa \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhja premis\u00eb e pashmangshme e \u00e7do komunikimi?<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Misticiz\u00ebm <\/em><\/strong>(gr. mystikos) besim n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi, n\u00eb mister, n\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb mbinatyrshme; prirje ndaj t\u00eb mistershmes; mistik<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me misticizmin apo me mistik\u00ebn; misterioz, enigmatik; misticitet <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 mister, enigm\u00eb;<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: okultiz\u00ebm <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 term i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr trillimet mistike antishkencore (magjia, astrologjia, spiritizmi) p\u00ebr \u201cforcat misterioze\u201d<\/em> t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs, p\u00ebr \u201cvetit\u00eb e pakapshme t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave\u201d<\/em> q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb kapsh\u00ebm vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr kuptimin e \u201ct\u00eb zgjedhurve\u201d<\/em>, \u201ce t\u00eb shenjt\u00ebruarve\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Artiz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 tendenc\u00eb n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi n\u00eb art, q\u00eb vepra t\u00eb shprehet n\u00eb shprehjen e jashtme, formale<\/em> n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer dhe sa m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur. Artizmi u paraqit p\u00ebr ta kund\u00ebrshtua natyralizmin <\/em><\/strong>dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e<\/em><\/strong> modernes <\/em><\/strong>dhe e drejtimeve letrare t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. Ky term p\u00ebrdoret edhe p\u00ebr theksimin e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb formave t\u00eb jashtme, formale<\/em> n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, <\/em>gj\u00eb q\u00eb e ul vler\u00ebn artistike t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs. Me artizmin<\/em><\/strong> nd\u00ebrlidhet edhe dekadenca, arti p\u00ebr art <\/em><\/strong>(l\u2019art pour l\u2019art)<\/em>, moderna<\/em><\/strong>, simbolizmi<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Romani i tmerrit <\/em><\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb lloj romani n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin shkaktohet ndjenja e frik\u00ebs apo e lemeris\u00eb<\/em> me veprimin me shum\u00eb kthesa misterioze, me personazhe t\u00eb mbinatyrshme, me vrasje dhe me mjete vras\u00ebse. Struktura e romanit t\u00eb tmerrit<\/em> realizohet me shkaktimin e tensioneve te lexuesit me nj\u00eb mori faktor\u00ebsh t\u00eb lemerish\u00ebm dhe me ndryshime befasuese t\u00eb situatave. Romani i tmerrit<\/em> paraqitet n\u00eb Angli n\u00eb shekullin XVIII n\u00eb form\u00eb romani gotik<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb veprat e prozatorit dhe poetit anglez Horis Velp\u00ebll <\/strong>(Horace Walpole) si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cK\u00ebshtjella e Otrantos\u201d (The Castle of Otranto, <\/em>1765)<\/em>, n\u00eb romanin e prozatores angleze En Redklif <\/strong>(Ann Radcliffe) \u201cMisteret e Udolfit\u201d (The Mysteries of Udolpho,<\/em> 1794)<\/em>. Romane tmerri<\/em><\/strong> \u00a0m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb shekullit XIX jan\u00eb \u201cFrankenshtain\u201d (Frankenstein,<\/em> 1818)<\/em> i prozatores angleze Meri\u00a0 Sheli <\/strong>(Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley) dhe \u201cDrakula\u201d (Dracula, <\/em>1897)<\/em> i prozatorit irlandez Bram Stoker <\/strong>(Bram Stoker). N\u00eb koh\u00ebn moderne gjithnj\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr humb interesimi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj literature e cila n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ishte produkt i interesimit amator p\u00ebr mesjet\u00ebn. Tani publiku i saj parap\u00eblqen romanin kriminalistik <\/em><\/strong>apo romanin shkencor-fantastik<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebna themelore p\u00ebr poet\u00ebt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apoliner, Gijom <\/strong>(Guillaume Apollinaire), emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky, Rom\u00eb, 1880 \u2013 Paris, 1918) poet francez; ishte djal\u00eb i papranuar i nj\u00eb oficeri dhe i nj\u00eb fisnikeje polake; vdiq si pasoj\u00eb e plagosjes n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore; \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i madhi poet francez i fillimit t\u00eb shekullit XX; vizionar, vepra e t\u00eb cilit bazohet n\u00eb ideale humaniste, n\u00eb ekzaltimin e liris\u00eb krijuese dhe n\u00eb estetik\u00ebn e befasis\u00eb q\u00eb e mbrojti n\u00eb vitin 1917 n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn \u201cFryma e re dhe poet\u00ebt\u201d<\/em> Esprit nouveau et les po\u00e8tes)<\/em>. \u00cbsht\u00eb tejet i merituar p\u00ebr shk\u00ebputjen nga trash\u00ebgimia<\/em><\/strong> simboliste<\/em><\/strong>. Rreth vetes i tuboi poet\u00ebt Andre Breton, Lui Aragon <\/strong>dhe Filip Supo<\/strong> (Soupault) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt m\u00eb pas e nis\u00ebn l\u00ebvizjen surrealiste<\/em><\/strong>. Apolineri e quajti Faik Konic\u00ebn \u201cenciklopedia q\u00eb ec\u00ebn\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aragon, Lui <\/strong>(Louis Aragon, 1897-1982) poet, romancier dhe eseist francez; ishte f\u00ebmij\u00eb jasht\u00ebmartesor<\/em><\/strong>, i edukzar n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje qytetare t\u00eb varf\u00ebruar; mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e l\u00ebvizjes surrealiste<\/em><\/strong>; n\u00eb kongresin e shkrimtar\u00ebve revolucionar\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb harkove m\u00eb 1930 i shk\u00ebputi lidhjet me<\/em><\/strong> surrealist\u00ebt <\/em><\/strong>dhe iu bashkua<\/em><\/strong> realizmit socialist<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebrmbledhja poetike \u201cHura Uralit\u201d (Hourra l\u2019Oural, <\/em>1934)<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb himn p\u00ebr BRSS-n\u00eb; gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs II Bot\u00ebrore ishte poet n\u00eb z\u00eb i<\/em> l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs<\/em>. Tanim\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb prej mendimtar\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb iu kund\u00ebrvun\u00eb ekzistencialist\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>. Pas luft\u00ebs, n\u00eb romanin \u201cKomunist\u00ebt\u201d (Les Communistes, <\/em>1949-1951)<\/em> i mbrojti tezat e<\/em> Zhdanovit<\/strong> mbi romanin. N\u00eb romanet e m\u00ebvonshme i shmanget<\/em> marksizmit<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00eb poem\u00ebn \u201cElsa\u201d <\/em>(1959) iu kthye preokupimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm me gruan e vet, shkrimtaren ruso-franceze Elsa Triolet<\/strong>, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i dedikoi cik\u00ebl t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Bertran, Alojziys <\/strong>(Aloysius Bertrand, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Louis Jacques Napol\u00e9on B., 1807-1841) poeti francez; ithtar i Viktor Hygos\u00eb <\/strong>(Hugo); romantik i entuziazmuar;<\/p>\n

Borel, Petrus <\/strong>(P\u00e9trus Borel, 1809-1859) poet, p\u00ebrkthyes dhe prozator francez;<\/p>\n

Breton, Andre <\/strong>(Andr\u00e9 Breton, 1896-1966) poet, tregimtar dhe eseist francez; gjat\u00eb studimeve t\u00eb mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb shfaqi interesim p\u00ebr psikopatologjin\u00eb; pas k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebr iden\u00eb e Frojdit <\/strong>mbi n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijen<\/em><\/strong> dhe p\u00ebr interpretimin e tij t\u00eb psikologjis\u00eb s\u00eb \u00ebndrr\u00ebs<\/em>; <\/strong>m\u00eb 1919 iu bashkua dadaist\u00ebve<\/em><\/strong>; me Lui Aragonin <\/strong>dhe me poetin dhe romancierin francez Filip<\/strong> Supo <\/strong>(Philippe Soupault) themeloi revist\u00ebn dadaiste \u201cLitt\u00e9rature\u201d<\/em>. Bashk\u00eb me Filip Supon\u00eb<\/strong> boton aty\u00a0 tekstin e njohur \u201cFushat magnetike\u201d (Les Champs magn\u00e9tiques, <\/em>1920)<\/em> q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn realizimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb teknik\u00ebs surrealiste \u201cshkrim automatik\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. M\u00eb 1924 botoi t\u00eb parin \u201cManifest t\u00eb surrealizmit\u201d (Manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme)<\/em>. I dyti doli m\u00eb 1930, nd\u00ebrsa i treti m\u00eb 1942\/43. M\u00eb 1930 aderoi n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, por shpejt u largua. M\u00eb 1941 vajti n\u00eb ShBA p\u00ebr t\u2019u kthyer n\u00eb Paris m\u00eb 1946;<\/p>\n

Cara, Tristan <\/strong>(Tristan Tzara, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Samuel Rosenstock, Moinesti\/Rumani, 1896 \u2013 Paris, 1963) poet dhe eseist francez me prejardhje rumune; n\u00eb vitin 1916 mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e l\u00ebvizjes Dada<\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb Cyrih (Z\u00fcrich);<\/p>\n

Daj\u00e7is <\/strong>\u2013 kritik letrar artistik;<\/p>\n

Dali, Salvador <\/strong>(Salvador Domingo felipe Jacinto dali e Dom\u00e8nech, 1904-1989) piktor spanjoll i periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb surrealizmit, ekspresionizmit <\/em><\/strong>dhe postimpresionizmit<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Elyar, Pol <\/strong>(Paul \u00c9luard, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Eug\u00e8ne Grindel, 1895-1952) poet francez; si luft\u00ebtar i Luft\u00ebs I Bot\u00ebrore, n\u00ebn ndikimin e unanimizmit<\/em><\/strong> e shkroi v\u00ebllimin e par\u00eb poetik \u201cDetyra dhe shqet\u00ebsimi\u201d (Le Devoir et l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude, <\/em>1917)<\/em>. Poezin\u00eb e vet shpejt e liroi prej kufizimeve tradicionale dhe u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb aksionet dadaiste<\/em><\/strong> n\u00eb Paris. M\u00eb 1919 u njoh me Andre Bretonin<\/strong>, me Filip Supon\u00eb <\/strong>dhe me Lui Aragonin<\/strong> me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt themeloi l\u00ebvizjen surrealiste<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Frojd, Zigmund <\/strong>(Freude Sigmund, 1856-1939) dijetar, psikiat\u00ebr dhe eseist austriak, me prejardhje \u00e7ifute; themelues i psikanaliz\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>;<\/p>\n

Hygo, Viktor <\/strong>(Victor Marie Hugo, 1802-1885) poet, romancier dhe dramaturg francez; Bir oficeri t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb Napoleonit dhe i ruajalistes fanatike;<\/p>\n

Konica, Faik <\/strong>(1875-1942) shkrimtar dhe publicist;<\/p>\n

Lotreamon <\/strong>(Comte de Lautr\u00e9amont, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Isidore Ducasse, Montevideo, 1846\u00a0 – Paris, 1870) poet francez; bir i n\u00ebpun\u00ebsit konsullor francez; u rrit n\u00eb Uruguai; m\u00eb 1859 vjen n\u00eb Franc\u00eb;<\/p>\n

Nerval, Zherar d\u00eb <\/strong>(G\u00e9rard de Nerval, mbiemri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Labrunie, 1808-1855) poet dhe tregimtar francez; m\u00eb 1828 e p\u00ebrktheu n\u00eb fr\u00ebngjisht \u201cFaustin\u201d<\/em> e G\u00ebtes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pere, Benjamin <\/strong>(Victor Maurice Paul Benjamin P\u00e9ret, i njohur si Satyremont, Peralda, Peralta, 1899-1959) prozator dhe poet francez; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Redklif, En <\/strong>(Ann Radcliffe, 1764-1823) prozatore angleze; romani i saj \u201cMisteret e Udolfit\u201d (The Mysteries of Udolpho,<\/em> 1794)<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar sipas konvencioneve t\u00eb romanit gotik<\/em>, me nj\u00eb inventar t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm: \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje nga e kaluara e larg\u00ebt e vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00eb mesjetar (me korridore n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore misterioze, me dyer t\u00eb padukshme etj.<\/p>\n

Rembo, Artyr <\/strong>(Arthur Jean Nicolas Rimbaud, 1854-1891) poet francez;<\/p>\n

Reverdi, Pjer<\/strong> (Pierre Reverdy, 1889-1960) poet francez; n\u00eb vitin 1916 themeloi n\u00eb Paris revist\u00ebn \u201cNord-Sud\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn propagandoi kubizmin<\/em><\/strong>; e quajt\u00ebn poet kubist<\/em>; ushtroi ndikim mbi poet\u00ebt francez\u00eb t\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs II Bot\u00ebrore;<\/p>\n

Sad, Makiz de<\/strong> (Donatien Alphonse Fran\u00e7ois, Marquis de Sade, 1740-1814) shkrimtar francez; pjes\u00ebtar i aristokracis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb provansale; p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb egocentrizmit, libertinizmit <\/em>dhe ateizmit <\/em>t\u00eb hapur, 30 vjet i kaloi n\u00eb internim. Vdiq n\u00eb \u00e7mendin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Stoker, Bram <\/strong>(Bram Stoker, Dublin, 1847 \u2013 Lond\u00ebr, 1912) prozator irlandez; si f\u00ebmij\u00eb ishte i pal\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm; gjat\u00eb studimeve n\u00eb Dublin, me ushtrime t\u00eb vazhdueshme, ia doli t\u00eb b\u00ebhet madje edhe sportist;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Supo, Filip <\/strong>(Philippe Soupault, 1897-1990) poet dhe romancier francez;<\/p>\n

Shelli, Meri <\/strong>(Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, 1797-1851) prozatore angleze; bij\u00eb e filozofit social V. Goduin (<\/strong>W. Godwin) dhe e sufrazhistes, <\/em>p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht e luft\u00ebtares p\u00ebr barazin\u00eb e femrave me meshkujt M. Wollstonecraft<\/strong>. Ishte 16-vje\u00e7e kur me Persi Bish Shellin <\/strong>(Percy Bysshe Shelley) iku n\u00eb Itali. M\u00eb 1816, pas vet\u00ebvrasjes s\u00eb gruas s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb tij, u martua me t\u00eb. N\u00eb Itali jetoi n\u00eb vitet 1818-1822. Kur m\u00eb 1822 Persi Bish Shelli <\/strong>u mbyt n\u00eb stuhi, Meri Shelli me t\u00eb birin u kthye n\u00eb Angli. \u00cbsht\u00eb autore e romanit\u00a0 \u201cFrankenshtain\u201d (Frankenstein,<\/em> 1818)<\/em>;<\/p>\n

Shelli, Persi Bish <\/strong>(Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822) poet anglez; M\u00eb 1811, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ateizmit <\/em><\/strong>dhe radikalizmit politik<\/em> u d\u00ebbua nga Universiteti i Oksfordit (Oxford). M\u00eb 1814, ndon\u00ebse i martuar, iku n\u00eb Itali me 16-vje\u00e7aren Meri Uollstonkaft <\/strong>(Mary Wollstonecraft, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht Meri<\/strong> Shelli<\/strong>, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u martua pas vet\u00ebvrasjes s\u00eb gruas s\u00eb vet t\u00eb par\u00eb). Persi Bish Shelli \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i brezit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb romantik\u00ebve <\/em><\/strong>anglez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Triolet, Elsa <\/strong>(Ella Yurievna Kagan; Mosk\u00eb, 1896 – Saint-Arnoult-en Yvelines, Franc\u00eb, 1970) shkrimtare ruso-franceze; grua e Lui Aragonit<\/strong>;\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Velp\u00ebll, Horis\u00a0 <\/strong>(Horace Walpole, 1717-1797) prozator dhe poet anglez; studioi n\u00eb Kembrixh (Cambridge)<\/em>;<\/p>\n

Zhdanov, Andrej Aleksandrovi\u00e7 <\/strong>(1896-1948) ideolog sovjetik i kultur\u00ebs pas Luft\u00ebs II Bot\u00ebrore; zhdanovizmi<\/em><\/strong> ishte doktrin\u00eb letrare e formuluar prej tij;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli Surrealizmi (fr, surr\u00e9alisme \u2013 mbirealiz\u00ebm; mbirealitet) \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizje letrare dhe artistike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Termin e vuri n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb vitin 1918 poeti francez Gijom Apoliner (Guillaume Apollinaire). Surrealizmi e vazhdon dadaizmin dhe frym\u00ebn rebeluese t\u00eb tij, revolt\u00ebn kund\u00ebr tradit\u00ebs dhe shprehive e zakoneve t\u00eb ngulitura, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nSURREALIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/surrealizmi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SURREALIZMI - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Surrealizmi (fr, surr\u00e9alisme \u2013 mbirealiz\u00ebm; mbirealitet) \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebvizje letrare dhe artistike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Termin e vuri n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb vitin 1918 poeti francez Gijom Apoliner (Guillaume Apollinaire). 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