{"id":60278,"date":"2020-10-08T08:46:33","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T06:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=60278"},"modified":"2020-10-08T08:46:33","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T06:46:33","slug":"ballkani-dhe-kundertheniet-e-fuqive-te-medha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ballkani-dhe-kundertheniet-e-fuqive-te-medha\/","title":{"rendered":"BALLKANI\u00a0DHE KUND\u00cbRTH\u00cbNIET E FUQIVE T\u00cb M\u00cbDHA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gadishulli i Ballkanit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0– N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn kroate thuhet se fjala turke\u00a0ballkan<\/em>\u00a0ka\u00a0\u00a0kuptimin e vargmaleve pyjore. N\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb kod\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn jugore \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Haemus<\/em>\u00a0e q\u00eb lexohet\u00a0Hemus.<\/em>\u00a0Bullgar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Stara planina (Mali i Vjet\u00ebr)<\/em>. M\u00eb von\u00eb, me k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur i t\u00ebr\u00eb gadishulli. Nga fjala\u00a0Ballkan<\/em>\u00a0kan\u00eb lindur edhe fjal\u00eb ofenduese, si p.sh.\u00a0ballkanezer<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs\u00a0ballkanas<\/em>. Ka raste kur fjal\u00ebn\u00a0Ballkan<\/em>, evropian\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorin n\u00eb kuptimin e sjelljes barbare dhe t\u00eb pakulturuar, duke pretenduar se ballkanasit jan\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, sllav\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorin termin\u00a0balkanstvo<\/em> dhe\u00a0balkanshtina<\/em>. Ka raste kur p\u00ebrdoret edhe termi\u00a0\u00a0ballkaniz\u00ebm<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb kuptimin:\u00a0prej nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsie t\u00eb caktuar, t\u00eb krijosh pjes\u00eb t\u00eb shumta.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gadishulli i Ballkanit ndodhet n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn juglindore. Shtrihet n\u00eb jug t\u00eb lumenjve Danub dhe Drava, nd\u00ebrmjet detit Adriatik e Jon n\u00eb per\u00ebndim, Detit Egje e Detit t\u00eb Zi n\u00eb lindje dhe Mesdheut n\u00eb jug.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje\u00a0gjeografike<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0kulturore<\/em>, Gadishullit t\u00eb Ballkanit i takojn\u00eb k\u00ebta popuj:\u00a0shqiptar\u00ebt, grek\u00ebt, serb\u00ebt, bullgar\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(dhe\u00a0sllavo-maqedonasit<\/em>),\u00a0malazez\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0boshnjak\u00ebt<\/em>. N\u00eb gadishull jetojn\u00eb edhe:\u00a0vllah\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0(aromun\u00eb, cincar\u00eb),<\/em>\u00a0hebre<\/em>,\u00a0grupi etnik sllavo-fol\u00ebs me fe islame<\/em>\u00a0(n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme quhen me emra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm),\u00a0rom\u00eb, turq<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje gjeografike,\u00a0Turqia<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Rumania<\/em>\u00a0nuk jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Gadishullit t\u00eb Ballkanit. Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb shtet i Azis\u00eb, por Stambolli ndodhet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn evropiane, n\u00eb ngushtic\u00ebn e Bosforit. Q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja pretendojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e gadishullit.\u00a0\u00a0Kroacia<\/em>\u00a0nd\u00ebrkaq, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Ballkanit, as gjeografikisht, as n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs. P\u00ebr dallim nga turqit dhe nga rumun\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pretendojn\u00eb se, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje\u00a0historike<\/em>, i takojn\u00eb Gadishullit,\u00a0kroat\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0nd\u00ebrkaq, kategorikisht e mohojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb popull ballkanik.<\/p>\n

Ata thon\u00eb se nuk i takojn\u00eb Ballkanit, as gjeografikisht, as historikisht dhe as n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje kulturore.\u00a0Ballkanas<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr kroat\u00ebt, ka kuptimin\u00a0i prapambetur, parak\u00a0<\/em>dhe\u00a0i paqytet\u00ebruar.<\/em>\u00a0Kroat\u00ebt thon\u00eb se jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Evrop\u00ebs Qendrore dhe se kan\u00eb kultur\u00eb per\u00ebndimore. Duke qen\u00eb popull katolik, sikur edhe slloven\u00ebt, ndodhen n\u00eb veri t\u00eb\u00a0Limes Theodosiana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Vij\u00ebs s\u00eb Theodosit)<\/em>. Kroat\u00ebt parap\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00ebn sundimin, jo t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, por t\u00eb nj\u00eb perandorie per\u00ebndimore \u2013 asaj Austro-Hungareze.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb\u00a0lasht\u00ebsi<\/em>, n\u00eb gadishull jetonin pes\u00eb popuj kryesor\u00eb:\u00a0ilir\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0grek\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0maqedonasit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e lasht\u00eb\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>dhe\u00a0trakasit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0nj\u00eb popull indoevropian antik q\u00eb banonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, prej Karpateve deri n\u00eb Egje dhe prej Morave deri n\u00eb Detin e Zi<\/em>.\u00a0Trakia \u00ebsht\u00eb rajon historiko-gjeografik i gadishullit q\u00eb laget nga Deti i Zi, nga Marmaraja dhe nga Egjeu. Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Bullgaris\u00eb, e Greqis\u00eb dhe e Turqis\u00eb<\/em>. Nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Danubit shtrihej Dakia (sot Rumania) e banuar nga\u00a0dak\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb\u00a0mesjet\u00eb<\/em>, n\u00eb gadishull jetonin kat\u00ebr popuj me kapacitet p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb barabart\u00eb:\u00a0shqiptar\u00ebt, grek\u00ebt, bullgar\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0serb\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>. Bullgar\u00ebt formuan mbret\u00ebri qysh n\u00eb shekullin IX. Mbret\u00ebria serbe u formua n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XIII\u00a0(1217)<\/em>. Shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb, p\u00ebr dallim nga bullgar\u00ebt dhe serb\u00ebt,\u00a0nuk arrijn\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mbret\u00ebri t\u00eb veten. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt kishin ngelur pas fqinj\u00ebve t\u00eb vet.<\/p>\n

Edhe kah mesi i\u00a0shekullit XIX<\/em>, shqiptar\u00ebt, n\u00eb krahasim me fqinj\u00ebt ballkanik\u00eb – ngecin. Greqia, Serbia dhe Bullgaria e fitojn\u00eb pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb nga Turqia.\u00a0(Bullgaria formalisht e shpall pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb 1908)<\/em>. Pavar\u00ebsia e shqiptar\u00ebve arrihet, jo m\u00eb par\u00eb se m\u00eb 1912. Nj\u00ebfar\u00eb baraspeshe q\u00eb ka ekzistuar n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb midis k\u00ebtyre kat\u00ebr popujve, n\u00eb shekullin XIX dhe gjat\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb shekullit XX – \u00e7rregullohet. Serb\u00ebt dhe Grek\u00ebt forcohen. Bullgar\u00ebt ngecin. Shqiptar\u00ebt nd\u00ebrkaq, p\u00ebr shum\u00eb arsye, ndahen n\u00eb gjasht\u00eb shtete, hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb diktatur\u00eb dhe defaktorizohen<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb malazez\u00ebve, t\u00eb sllavo-maqedonasve dhe t\u00eb mysliman\u00ebve (boshnjak\u00eb), sot\u00a0shqiptar\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0jan\u00eb\u00a0pika m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt e rajonit<\/em><\/strong>. Kishte q\u00eb thoshin se shekulli XXI \u00ebsht\u00eb shekull i shqiptar\u00ebve. Po del se nuk pask\u00ebsh qen\u00eb ashtu. Shqiptar\u00ebt nuk tregohen n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb historike.<\/p>\n

Sulmet\u00a0e osman\u00ebve<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>Gadishullin Ballkanik\u00a0<\/strong>nis\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1356. M\u00eb 1478 nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e gadishullit ra n\u00eb duart e turqve. Popujt e pushtuar t\u00eb gadishullit, ndon\u00ebse i ruajt\u00ebn gjer\u00ebsisht gjuh\u00ebt dhe fet\u00eb e tyre, nuk e fituan pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb para shekullit XIX.<\/p>\n

Me gadishullin nd\u00ebrlidhet edhe\u00a0\u00e7\u00ebshtja lindore<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>q\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte problemet\u00a0e pushtetit turk<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn juglindore dhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn lindore t\u00eb detit Mesdhe.\u00a0\u00c7\u00ebshtja lindore<\/em>\u00a0ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb edhe me\u00a0historin\u00eb politike<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit dhe atyre t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrt lidhur me ngritjen dhe t\u00ebrheqjen e\u00a0\u00a0pushtetit otoman.\u00a0\u201cKriza lindore\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>e madhe n\u00eb vitet 1875-78 filloi me kryengritjet antiosmane n\u00eb BH dhe n\u00eb Bullgari dhe me pretendimet e Rusis\u00eb q\u00eb\u00a0me luft\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb ket\u00eb\u00a0pozit\u00eb dominuese<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0n\u00eb Ballkan. Problemet e Ballkanit u shtruan edhe n\u00eb tryezat e kancelarive t\u00eb fuqive historike t\u00eb kontinentit, p\u00ebrfshi edhe marr\u00ebveshjet dypal\u00ebshe, si:\u00a0Traktati i Sh\u00ebn-Stefanit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1878)<\/em>,\u00a0Kongresi i Berlinit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1878),<\/em>\u00a0Konferenca e Ambasador\u00ebve\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr\u00a0(1912-1913)\u00a0<\/em>me\u00a0Traktatin e paqes n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(maj 1913)<\/em>\u00a0me t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrfundoi Lufta I Ballkanike;\u00a0Paqja e Bukureshtit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(l913)<\/em>\u00a0q\u00eb i dha fund Luft\u00ebs II Ballkanike;\u00a0Konferenca e Paqes n\u00eb Paris<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1919)<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Traktati i paqes i Versaj\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong>, i n\u00ebnshkruar m\u00eb 1919 n\u00eb Sall\u00ebn e pasqyrave<\/em> n\u00eb Versaj\u00eb af\u00ebr Parisit.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Kriza lindore <\/em><\/strong>(vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XIX) u shkaktua si rrjedhim i shthurjes s\u00eb m\u00ebtejme t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, i kontradiktave midis Fuqive t\u00eb M\u00ebdha, sidomos Rusis\u00eb, Anglis\u00eb dhe Franc\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u2019u shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb zot\u00ebrimet turke, si dhe nga forcimi i l\u00ebvizjeve \u00e7lirimtare t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb Ballkanit. Kriza lindore \u00e7oi n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Krimes\u00eb (1853-1856) midis Rusis\u00eb Cariste, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb dhe Turqis\u00eb, Anglis\u00eb e Franc\u00ebs me t\u00eb cilat u bashkua edhe Mbret\u00ebria e Sardenj\u00ebs, nga ana tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb francez\u00ebt dhe anglez\u00ebt mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn Turqin\u00eb kund\u00ebr Rusis\u00eb Cariste. N\u00eb vitin 1877 pason kriza e dyt\u00eb lindore<\/em><\/strong> dhe p\u00ebrplasja luftarake midis Turqis\u00eb dhe Rusis\u00eb, nga e cila Turqia del humb\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XIX dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX, fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha krijuan termin\u00a0\u00e7\u00ebshtja e Ballkanit<\/em><\/strong>. Ishte nj\u00eb em\u00ebrtim i r\u00ebndomt\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb\u00a0problemesh<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0kund\u00ebrth\u00ebniesh<\/em>\u00a0q\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XIX dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX, si rezultat i dob\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe i r\u00ebnies s\u00eb\u00a0sundimit otoman<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb gadishull. Procesi i shpejtuar i shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0\u201cs\u00ebmur\u00ebs s\u00eb Bosforit\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0– Turqis\u00eb, i t\u00ebrhiqte n\u00eb rajon\u00a0fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Austro-Hungaria dhe Rusia, pastaj Britania e Madhe, Franca dhe Gjermania, n\u00eb vendet e sapo\u00e7liruara t\u00eb Ballkanit krijonin\u00a0folet\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0e veta. Dep\u00ebrtimin n\u00eb gadishull, fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha e mbulonin me parulla t\u00eb ndryshme:\u00a0\u201cMbrojm\u00eb lirin\u00eb e popujve t\u00eb krishter\u00eb\u201d; \u201cRuajm\u00eb paqen dhe status-quo<\/em><\/strong>-n\u00eb\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Konflikti i interesave t\u00eb\u00a0fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha<\/em>\u00a0historike, t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX\u00a0\u00a0tanim\u00eb ishin ndar\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0dy blloqe<\/em>, u reflektua sidomos n\u00eb Ballkan. N\u00ebp\u00ebr gadishull kalonte rruga e dep\u00ebrtimit\u00a0gjerman<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb Lindje \u2013\u00a0Drang nach Osten<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Dep\u00ebrtim drejt Lindjes, d.m.th. drejt vendeve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore dhe Lindjes s\u00eb Af\u00ebrt e t\u00eb Mesme. Kjo politik\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb kompensoj\u00eb\u00a0vonimin<\/strong>\u00a0e Gjermanis\u00eb n\u00eb ndarjen e territoreve n\u00eb bot\u00eb midis fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia gjermane dhe dep\u00ebrtimi i saj drejt lindjes shkaktoi Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore<\/em>.\u00a0Drang nach Osten ishte synim edhe i Rajhut t\u00eb Tret\u00eb).<\/em><\/p>\n

Interesi komb\u00ebtar i popullit shqiptar n\u00eb Ballkan, ka qen\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb plot\u00eb me politik\u00ebn gjermane, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht me interesin e faktorit gjerman.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1912-13, popujt e Ballkanit, t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb\u00a0aleanc\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e sulmuan dhe e thyen Turqin\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e deriat\u00ebhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb aleanc\u00ebs, p\u00ebr tokat e fituara – nis\u00ebn\u00a0luft\u00ebn\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>mes tyre. Filloi\u00a0Bellum omnium in omnes\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Lufta e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve)<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, Ballkani u quajt\u00a0fu\u00e7i baruti<\/em><\/strong>. \u00c7\u00ebshtjet e rajonit do t\u00eb shtrohen n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit rus\u00eb n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Ambasador\u00ebve n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr mbrojt\u00ebn q\u00ebndrimin se shqiptar\u00ebt, gjat\u00eb sundimit osman, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb Stambollit. Si t\u00eb till\u00eb, ata nuk meritojn\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb shtet. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebndrim t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs u pajtuan edhe Parisi me Londr\u00ebn. Vendet mike t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve \u2013 Gjermania, Austro-Hungaria dhe Italia mezi ia dol\u00ebn t\u00eb nxjerrin nj\u00eb gjysm\u00eb shteti shqiptar.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga kjo rezulton se fajin p\u00ebr cop\u00ebtimin e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr\u00a0(1912-13)<\/em>, m\u00eb par\u00eb se te fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, shqiptar\u00ebt duhet ta k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete. K\u00ebshtu sepse pes\u00eb shekuj kan\u00eb qen\u00eb\u00a0kund\u00ebr vetvetes<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb sunduesve<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebtij dekompozimi<\/em><\/strong> dhe fragmentarizimi<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb trungut dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsis\u00eb shqiptare, pasoi\u00a0viti i mbrapsht\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0i Ismail Kadares\u00eb <\/strong>(1936), kur n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjysmuar kishin hyr\u00eb ushtrit\u00eb e vendeve t\u00eb rajonit dhe t\u00eb kontinentit. Gjithsej shtat\u00eb sosh.<\/p>\n

Me\u00a0Paqen e Bukureshtit<\/strong>\u00a0(1913)<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb gadishull Lufta II Ballkanike. Me\u00a0traktatin e paqes<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>krahina antike e Maqedonis\u00eb u nda n\u00eb tri pjes\u00eb: m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se gjysma, me Selanikun dhe Trakin\u00eb per\u00ebndimore, i takoi Greqis\u00eb\u00a0(Maqedonia e Egjeut)<\/em>; rreth 35% t\u00eb k\u00ebtij territori i ra Serbis\u00eb\u00a0(Maqedonia e Vardarit)<\/em>; nd\u00ebrkaq di\u00e7 m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se 10% i mbeti Bullgaris\u00eb\u00a0(Maqedonia e Pirinit).<\/em>\u00a0Rumania e mori Dobruzh\u00ebn jugore.<\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebn e fituar n\u00eb Bukuresht,\u00a0<\/strong>Serbia e humbi n\u00eb Jajce t\u00eb BH-s\u00eb, kur Josip Broz Tito <\/strong>(Kumrovec, Kroaci, 1892 \u2013Lubjan\u00eb, 1980) e mbajti m\u00eb 29.11.1943 Mbledhjen II t\u00eb AVNOJ<\/strong>-it\u00a0(KA\u00c7KJ)<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>dhe nga ajo cop\u00eb e krijoi Maqedonin\u00eb e sotme.<\/p>\n

Lidhur me vendimet politike t\u00eb\u00a0\u201ckroatit Tito\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0akademiku serb Dobrica Qosiq<\/strong> (1921-2014) tha:\u00a0\u201cAt\u00eb q\u00eb serb\u00ebt e fitojn\u00eb me luft\u00eb, e humbin n\u00eb paqe\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pas Luft\u00ebs I Bot\u00ebrore, gadishulli u nda nd\u00ebrmjet Greqis\u00eb, Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, Bullgaris\u00eb dhe Serbis\u00eb (Jugosllavis\u00eb). Turqia mbajti vet\u00ebm Stambollin dhe tokat rreth tij. Serbia n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb shquhej p\u00ebr\u00a0\u201cekskluzivitetin ortodoks\u201d<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Ballkan mbet\u00ebn\u00a0t\u00eb pazgjidhura<\/em>\u00a0edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ndryshme territoriale\u00a0greko-bullgare<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0bullgaro-rumune<\/em>. Pjes\u00eb e problemeve t\u00eb gadishullit po b\u00ebhet edhe kontesti\u00a0rreth emrit<\/em>\u00a0nd\u00ebrmjet Athin\u00ebs dhe Shkupit. Mbase VMRO-ist\u00ebt synojn\u00eb\u00a0rishqyrtimin<\/em>\u00a0e vendimeve t\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Paqes n\u00eb Bukuresht\u00a0(1913)<\/em>\u00a0kur krahina me emrin antik Maqedoni u nda n\u00eb tri pjes\u00eb. Duhet shtuar se lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb kontest, Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja q\u00eb haptazi anon nga sllavo-maqedonasit.<\/p>\n

Me shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Jugosllavis\u00eb s\u00eb AVNOJ-it m\u00eb 1991, \u00e7\u00ebshtje territoriale t\u00eb pazgjidhura u paraqit\u00ebn edhe nd\u00ebrmjet ish-republikave t\u00eb federat\u00ebs. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, Ballkani pati trazira edhe n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XX, q\u00eb nga viti 1991 deri n\u00eb vitin 1995. N\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb dhe Hercegovin\u00eb u ndez nj\u00eb konflikt i eg\u00ebr etnik. Serbia nuk mund t\u00eb pajtohej me zhb\u00ebrjen e perandoris\u00eb serbosllave, ndaj sulmoi Sllovenin\u00eb, Kroacin\u00eb, Bosnj\u00ebn e Hercegovin\u00ebn dhe Kosov\u00ebn.\u00a0(Agresioni serb n\u00eb Slloveni zgjati dhjet\u00eb dit\u00eb. Komandohej nga gjenerali serb <\/em>Petar Gra\u00e7anin<\/strong>, 1923-2004).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjet territoriale<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb rajon krijojn\u00eb nga vendet e gadishullit\u00a0armiq t\u00eb papajtuesh\u00ebm<\/em>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Ballkan, qysh n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XIX e deri pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, u paraqit\u00ebn\u00a0ide p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb federate t\u00eb shteteve ballkanike<\/em><\/strong>. Pa i p\u00ebrmendur synimet serbo-greke t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb shekullit XIX, koncepti i par\u00eb p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb federate t\u00eb till\u00eb paraqitet n\u00eb vitet \u201960 t\u00eb shekullit XIX. Koncepti p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb madh ballkanik i cili do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte vendet e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, Bullgarin\u00eb dhe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb u quajt\u00a0Ballkania<\/em><\/strong>. Knjazi serb Mihajlo Obrenoviq <\/strong>(1823-1868) i cili sundoi n\u00eb vitet 1860-1868 kur edhe u vra prej kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebve politik\u00eb, ishte ideatori i krijimit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb madh\u00a0t\u00eb serb\u00ebve<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0t\u00eb bullgar\u00ebve<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn qendrore t\u00eb Ballkanit.<\/p>\n

Kjo ide bazohej\u00a0\u201cn\u00eb traditat shtetformuese dhe shtetnd\u00ebrtuese t\u00eb popullit serb dhe atij bullgar n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0Kjo ide i p\u00ebrfshinte edhe hap\u00ebsirat e\u00a0Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.\u00a0<\/em>N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb,\u00a0Ballkania<\/em>\u00a0serbo-bullgare n\u00ebnkuptonte\u00a0pushtimin<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e trojeve etnike shqiptare nga serb\u00ebt dhe nga bullgar\u00ebt. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb\u00a0(vitet \u201960 t\u00eb shek. XIX)<\/em>, shqiptar\u00ebt ende\u00a0nuk konsideroheshin<\/em>\u00a0subjekt politik<\/em>. Ky koncept ekspansionist i kryeministrit serb Ilija Garashanin<\/strong>\u00a0(1812-1874)<\/em>, autorit t\u00eb\u00a0Na\u00e7ertanies<\/em><\/strong> (1844),<\/em>\u00a0p\u00ebr shum\u00eb arsye – d\u00ebshtoi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb momentet kur rreth \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve n\u00eb Ballkan implikoheshin\u00a0fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, e sidomos kur nd\u00ebrhyrjet e tyre nuk ishin n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb serb\u00ebt lansonin parull\u00ebn:\u00a0\u201cBallkani ballkanasve\u201d<\/em><\/strong>. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptohej q\u00eb fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha\u00a0(antiserbe)<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrhynin n\u00eb pun\u00ebt e rajonit.<\/p>\n

Idet\u00eb p\u00ebr krijimin e\u00a0(kon)federat\u00ebs ballkanike<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0jan\u00eb shfaqur edhe gjat\u00eb shekullit XX. Nga fundi i shekullit XIX dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX, projektin politik t\u00eb bashkimit t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb Ballkanit, e mb\u00ebshtetnin kryesisht\u00a0socialist\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0majtist\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb gadishullit. Nga fundi i shekullit XIX, kjo ide u p\u00ebrhap brenda\u00a0l\u00ebvizjeve socialdemokrate<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit, si\u00a0alternativ\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ndaj synimeve ekspansioniste t\u00eb elitave nacionaliste t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb sapoformuara.<\/p>\n

Kominterna<\/em>, idet\u00eb e socialdemokrat\u00ebve serb\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shekullit XIX dhe t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb shek. XX, i mori si baz\u00eb t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb vet ndaj Ballkanit.\u00a0Komunist\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0e Komintern\u00ebs konsideronin se nj\u00eb\u00a0federat\u00eb socialiste<\/em>\u00a0e vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit: \u201c…do t\u00eb paraqiste t\u00eb vetmen rrug\u00ebdalje nga rrethi djall\u00ebzor i urrejtjes nacionaliste; do t\u00eb parandalonte cop\u00ebtimin e gadishullit n\u00eb shtete t\u00eb vogla; do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte t\u00eb mundur daljen nga mjerimi dhe do t\u2019i jepte fund shfryt\u00ebzimit imperialist\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, Josip Broz Tito-ja dhe disa udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, shqyrtuan mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e bashkimit t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb gadishullit dhe formimin e nj\u00eb republike federative t\u00eb Ballkanit. N\u00ebn premis\u00ebn q\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebn civile greke t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb partizan\u00ebt, at\u00ebbot\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb federat\u00eb ballkanike do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej edhe Greqia. P\u00ebr krijimin e k\u00ebsaj republike federative ballkanike ishte i njoftuar edhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i komunist\u00ebve bullgar\u00eb Georgi Dimitrov<\/strong>\u00a0(1882-1949)<\/em>. Rreth k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb vepruese edhe BRSS-ja.<\/p>\n

Pas\u00a0rezolut\u00ebs<\/em>\u00a0s\u00eb\u00a0Informbiros\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0m\u00eb 1948, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e Jugosllavis\u00eb me vendet e Evrop\u00ebs Lindore \u2013 nd\u00ebrpriten. Rrjedhimisht, nd\u00ebrpriten edhe bisedimet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Ballkanit.<\/p>\n

Duke mbajtur parasysh faktin se n\u00eb gadishull\u00a0mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0kryesisht popujt sllav\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt historikisht i jan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur Rusis\u00eb bizantine,\u00a0krijimi i nj\u00eb federate apo konfederate ballkanike assesi s\u2019ka qen\u00eb dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dobi t\u00eb popullit shqiptar.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb\u00a0luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha i kishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuara\u00a0sferat e interesit<\/em>, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht\u00a0zonat e ndikimit<\/em>. Pasojat e saj reflektoheshin edhe n\u00eb Gadishullin Ballkanik.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Kjo luft\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet vendeve per\u00ebndimore dhe bllokut sovjetik filloi qysh n\u00eb vitin 1945. Ajo u intensifikua sidomos pas vitit 1947 dhe zgjati deri m\u00eb 1990.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1989 presidenti i ShBA-s\u00eb Xhorxh Bush<\/strong> (George Walker Bush, 1946) dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i Bashkimit Sovjetik (1985-1991) Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov <\/strong>(1931-), n\u00eb nj\u00eb takim t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Malt\u00eb, e shpall\u00ebn\u00a0luft\u00ebn e ftoht\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0zyrtarisht t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar. Regjimet komuniste t\u00eb Traktatit t\u00eb Varshav\u00ebs<\/strong> n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Lindore – ran\u00eb. NATO-ja e ndryshoi rolin e vet. M\u00eb 1994 NATO<\/strong>-ja p\u00ebruroi\u00a0partneritetin p\u00ebr paqe<\/em>, si hap i par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb an\u00ebtar i saj me t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb plota.<\/p>\n

Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb\u00a0luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, kontinenti i vjet\u00ebr u shnd\u00ebrrua p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb\u00a0pa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0zona ndikimi<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0pa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0sfera interesi<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

SHBA<\/strong>-ja,\u00a0Rusia<\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0BE<\/strong>-ja<\/em>\u00a0jan\u00eb fuqi politike, ekonomike dhe ushtarake historike. Paraqitja n\u00eb sken\u00eb e\u00a0fuqive<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb reja\u00a0globale<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0rajonale<\/em>, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:
\nKina, India, Brazili<\/strong>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Turqia<\/strong>\u00a0shpie n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme n\u00eb krijimin dhe n\u00eb rip\u00ebrkufizimin\u00a0e zonave t\u00eb ndikimit<\/em>, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht\u00a0t\u00eb\u00a0sferave t\u00eb interesit<\/strong><\/em>. Gara p\u00ebr shtrirjen e ndikimit nga ana e fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha globale dhe rajonale, paralajm\u00ebron\u00a0ringjalljen<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0e<\/em>\u00a0luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb.<\/em>\u00a0Fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha<\/em>\u00a0sot synojn\u00eb t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn e forcimit t\u00eb pozicioneve t\u00eb veta dhe t\u00eb dob\u00ebsimit t\u00eb pozicioneve t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtarit, duke p\u00ebrdorur me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast t\u00eb gjitha mjetet e mundshme,\u00a0me p\u00ebrjashtim<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb luft\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sot n\u00eb Ballkan jetojn\u00eb:<\/p>\n

– Popuj\u00a0me p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi<\/em>\u00a0etnike<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb ndryshme;<\/p>\n

– Popuj\u00a0me histori, me kultur\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0me p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi fetare<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb ndryshme. Po t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohen\u00a0slloven\u00ebt<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0kroat\u00ebt<\/em>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt edhe ashtu nuk i takojn\u00eb gadishullit, do t\u00eb shihet se popujt e Ballkanit, n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb zhvillimit ekonomik, ndodhen pak a shum\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eb barabart\u00eb;<\/p>\n

– Popuj, kryesisht t\u00eb\u00a0tre konfesioneve<\/em><\/strong>: t\u00eb konfesionit\u00a0ortodoks<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00eb konfesionit\u00a0katolik<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0dhe t\u00eb konfesionit\u00a0islam<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0ku b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb edhe\u00a0bektashinjt\u00eb<\/em>. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e popujve t\u00eb gadishullit jan\u00eb t\u00eb besimit\u00a0ortodoks<\/em>. N\u00eb Ballkan ka edhe grupe etnike t\u00eb konfesioneve t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb\u00a0hebrenjt\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rajon, si n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb rruzullit, ka edhe\u00a0ateist\u00eb<\/em>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt parap\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb mos i takojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb religjioni. Mbase ka edhe t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb besojn\u00eb n\u00eb Zot, por jo edhe religjioneve. K\u00ebshtu sepse ato i konsiderojn\u00eb\u00a0sajime<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb njeriut<\/em>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gadishulli Ballkanik ka\u00a0pozit\u00eb gjeografike<\/em>\u00a0strategjike<\/em><\/strong>. \u00cbsht\u00eb\u00a0kryeur\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0q\u00eb lidh Evrop\u00ebn, Azin\u00eb dhe Afrik\u00ebn. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet uj\u00ebrave detare t\u00eb tij, arrihet n\u00eb Suez dhe dilet n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme e n\u00eb Gjirin Persik, pik\u00ebrisht te\u00a0vendburimet e naft\u00ebs<\/em>. Uj\u00ebrat e rajonit shpijn\u00eb n\u00eb Bosfor, q\u00eb lidh Detin e Zi dhe Marmaran\u00eb.\u00a0\u00a0Ngushtica e Gjibraltarit nd\u00ebrkaq, \u00e7on n\u00eb oqeanin Atlantik.<\/p>\n

Fuqia e madhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e pranishme n\u00eb gadishull, do ta kishte af\u00ebr edhe Evrop\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore edhe Rusin\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb lindje.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pozit\u00ebs gjeografike strategjike, p\u00ebr Ballkanin mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb interesuara, si fuqit\u00eb globale, ashtu edhe ato rajonale, si p\u00ebr shembull:\u00a0SHBA<\/strong>-ja,\u00a0BE<\/strong>-ja,\u00a0Rusia<\/strong>,\u00a0Turqia<\/strong>. N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen edhe\u00a0Kina<\/strong>. Uashingtoni \u00ebsht\u00eb i preokupuar n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, ndaj Ballkanin mund t\u2019ia l\u00ebr\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb rajonit, SHBA-ja mund ta angazhoj\u00eb edhe Turqin\u00eb, sidomos kur BE-ja tregohet politikisht\u00a0impotente<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se Pekini \u00ebsht\u00eb larg dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb fuqi politike, ekonomike dhe ushtarake globale i duhen edhe nja tri dekada, at\u00ebher\u00eb del se gara p\u00ebr Ballkanin mund t\u00eb zhvillohet nd\u00ebrmjet\u00a0Rusis\u00eb, Gjermanis\u00eb<\/em>\u00a0(si forca kryesore e BE-s\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb nga shtat\u00eb shtetet m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluara dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb industrializuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb) dhe\u00a0Turqis\u00eb<\/em>, e cila, pas nja 10-15 vjet\u00ebsh, pretendon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ekonomia e dhjet\u00eb e bot\u00ebs. Rusia kryesisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ortodokse; Gjermania \u2013 katolike, luterane<\/em> dhe protestante<\/em>; nd\u00ebrkaq Turqia \u2013 kryesisht islame<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha, n\u00eb rajone t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb bot\u00ebs hyjn\u00eb mbi disa baza:<\/p>\n

– Mbi baz\u00ebn e komponentit\u00a0etnik<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebr shembull Rusia hyn n\u00eb Ballkan me arsyetimin se popuj t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb gadishullit i takojn\u00eb familjes sllave.<\/p>\n

– Mbi baz\u00ebn e komponentit\u00a0fetar<\/em><\/strong>. Rus\u00ebt gjat\u00eb shekujve XVIII dhe XIX synonin t\u00eb gjenin ithtar\u00eb t\u00eb e vet n\u00eb Ballkan me arsyetimin\u00a0\u201cjemi v\u00ebllez\u00ebr p\u00ebr nga feja\u201d<\/em><\/strong>;<\/p>\n

– Mbi baz\u00ebn e\u00a0lidhjeve historike<\/em><\/strong>;<\/p>\n

– Mbi baz\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb –\u00a0qytet\u00ebrimit<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

Ka edhe arsyetime t\u00eb tjera me t\u00eb cilat fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha e justifikojn\u00eb politik\u00ebn e tyre hegjemoniste, ekspansioniste, imperialiste, kolonialiste dhe dominuese. P\u00ebr shembull Kina nj\u00eb dit\u00eb mund t\u00eb thot\u00eb:\u00a0Territori im \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngusht\u00eb p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb popullsi timen, ndaj medoemos\u00a0\u00a0t\u00eb shtrihem p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb mi.<\/em>\u00a0Ky ekspansion \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyetuar n\u00eb histori me teorin\u00eb e\u00a0hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs jet\u00ebsore.<\/em><\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb se shqiptar\u00ebt u p\u00ebrkasin tre konfesioneve, krijimi i sferave t\u00eb interesit n\u00eb rajon nga Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha mbi baz\u00ebn e konceptit \u201cv\u00ebllez\u00ebr p\u00ebr nga feja\u201d do t\u00eb ishte fatale p\u00ebr ta. Kjo do t\u00eb shkaktonte boshnjak\u00ebzimin e kombit shqiptar n\u00eb Ballkan.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb fuqi e madhe nuk mund ta v\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll t\u00ebr\u00eb Ballaknin<\/em><\/strong>. \u00c7do fuqi e madhe do t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtonte aty ku beson se do t\u00eb ishte e mir\u00ebpritur dhe do t\u00eb bazohej n\u00eb nj\u00ebrin nga komponent\u00ebt e sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00eb \u2013 etnik, fetar, historik, kulturor<\/em> etj.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019iu shmangur ndeshjes eventuale t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb fuqive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha rreth rajonit \u2013 Shqip\u00ebria, Kosova, Maqedonia, Mali i Zi, Serbia dhe Bosnja e Hercegovina – p\u00ebr nj\u00eb duhet ta k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb organizmat\u00a0euro-atlantik\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1 n\u00ebntor 1995, n\u00eb portin apo n\u00eb baz\u00ebn ajrore ushtarake Rajt-Paterson (Right-Paterson) af\u00ebr Dejton (Dayton) t\u00eb Ohajos n\u00eb ShBA u n\u00ebnshkrua Marr\u00ebveshja e Paqes e Dejtonit<\/strong>. Formalisht u n\u00ebnshkrua n\u00eb Paris m\u00eb 14 dhjetor 1995. N\u00ebnshkrues ishin kryetari i Kroacis\u00eb Franjo Tugjman <\/strong>(1922-1999), ai i Bosnj\u00ebs dhe Hercegovin\u00ebs Alija Izetbegoviq <\/strong>(1925-2003) dhe i Serbis\u00eb S. Millosheviq <\/strong>(1941 \u2013 Hag\u00eb, 2006).<\/p>\n

Sipas Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Dejtonit<\/strong>, Bosnja dhe Hercegovina p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet prej dy<\/em><\/strong> entiteteve: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– Federata Myslimano-Kroate<\/strong>, me kryeqytet Sarajev\u00ebn, e cila nj\u00ebherazi \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe kryeqytet i shtetit, dhe<\/p>\n

– Republika Serbe<\/strong> (Republika Srpska), me kryeqytet Banja-Lluk\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Sikund\u00ebr shihet, kroat\u00ebt e BH-s\u00eb, nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb entitet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ata kan\u00eb nj\u00eb entitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt me boshnjak\u00ebt (mysliman\u00ebt).<\/p>\n

Federata Myslimano-Kroate z\u00eb 51 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb BH-s\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Republika Serbe \u2013 49 p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb dhe Hercegovin\u00eb jetojn\u00eb tre popuj shtetformues<\/em><\/strong> apo konstitutiv\u00eb: boshnjak\u00ebt <\/em><\/strong>(d.m.th. mysliman\u00ebt), serb\u00ebt <\/strong><\/em>dhe kroat\u00ebt<\/em><\/strong>. Boshnjak\u00ebt, d.m.th. mysliman\u00ebt, gjuh\u00ebn q\u00eb e flasin e quajn\u00eb boshnjakishte (bosanski)<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebn serbe dhe kroate, gjuh\u00eb boshnjake<\/em> nuk ekziston. Sipas tyre, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb serbishte apo kroatishte, n\u00eb t\u00eb folmen popullore t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ka fjal\u00eb turke, arabe apo persiane, sikund\u00ebr ka edhe te gjuh\u00ebt e popujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Ballkanit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, serb\u00ebt dhe kroat\u00ebt e mohojn\u00eb ekzistimin e kombit boshnjak dhe thon\u00eb se boshnjak\u00ebt s\u2019jan\u00eb ve\u00e7se serb\u00eb apo kroat\u00eb t\u00eb islamizuar.<\/p>\n

Sot Bosnja dhe Hercegovina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet kryek\u00ebput jofunksional. Republika Serbe n\u00eb asnj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje nuk i bindet qendr\u00ebs, d.m.th. Sarajev\u00ebs. Ajo funksionon si shtet m\u00eb vete. Ajo bashk\u00ebpunon me Serbin\u00eb, sikur s\u2019ka kufij nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebror\u00eb dhe vazhdimisht kanoset me shk\u00ebputje nga BH-ja dhe bashk\u00ebngjitje Serbis\u00eb. P\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb ashtuquajtura strategjike<\/em>, Republika Serbe harmonizohet dhe bashk\u00ebrendohet me Beogradin. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, Republika Serbe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7se satelite<\/em> e Serbis\u00eb. Ajo e \u00e7on mir\u00eb Rusin\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Moska e konsideron at\u00eb si kolon\u00eb t\u00eb pest\u00eb<\/em><\/strong> t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Ballkan.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, kroat\u00ebt, t\u00eb pak\u00ebnaqur se nuk e kan\u00eb entitetin e vet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, vazhdimisht shfaqin pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi, duke u kanosur se n\u00ebn\u00ebn Kroaci<\/em><\/strong> e kan\u00eb n\u00eb kufi.<\/p>\n

Sipas boshnjak\u00ebve, Republika Serbe \u00ebsht\u00eb krijim fantomik<\/em><\/strong> q\u00eb doli si rezultat i nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme dhe i gjenocidit<\/em><\/strong> ndaj popullsis\u00eb myslimane t\u00eb BH-s\u00eb<\/p>\n

Fuqit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore \u2013 Uashingtoni, Berlini, Parisi dhe Londra nuk nd\u00ebrmarrin asgj\u00eb konkrete p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndalur tendencat qend\u00ebrik\u00ebse n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb e Hercegovin\u00eb, t\u00eb nxitura nga Beogradi dhe Moska. P\u00ebrkundrazi, vitet e fundit, Serbia e udh\u00ebhequr prej radikal\u00ebve t\u00eb Vojisllav Sheshelit dhe prej nacional-socialist\u00ebve t\u00eb Sllobodan Millosheviqit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb t\u00eb ledhatuar\u00ebn e qendrave politike per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli Gadishulli i Ballkanit\u00a0– N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn kroate thuhet se fjala turke\u00a0ballkan\u00a0ka\u00a0\u00a0kuptimin e vargmaleve pyjore. N\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb kod\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn jugore \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Haemus\u00a0e q\u00eb lexohet\u00a0Hemus.\u00a0Bullgar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Stara planina (Mali i Vjet\u00ebr). M\u00eb von\u00eb, me k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur i t\u00ebr\u00eb gadishulli. Nga fjala\u00a0Ballkan\u00a0kan\u00eb lindur edhe fjal\u00eb ofenduese, si p.sh.\u00a0ballkanezer\u00a0n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs\u00a0ballkanas. Ka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nBALLKANI\u00a0DHE KUND\u00cbRTH\u00cbNIET E FUQIVE T\u00cb M\u00cbDHA - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ballkani-dhe-kundertheniet-e-fuqive-te-medha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BALLKANI\u00a0DHE KUND\u00cbRTH\u00cbNIET E FUQIVE T\u00cb M\u00cbDHA - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Gadishulli i Ballkanit\u00a0– N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn kroate thuhet se fjala turke\u00a0ballkan\u00a0ka\u00a0\u00a0kuptimin e vargmaleve pyjore. 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N\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, nj\u00eb kod\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn jugore \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Haemus\u00a0e q\u00eb lexohet\u00a0Hemus.\u00a0Bullgar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Stara planina (Mali i Vjet\u00ebr). M\u00eb von\u00eb, me k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur i t\u00ebr\u00eb gadishulli. Nga fjala\u00a0Ballkan\u00a0kan\u00eb lindur edhe fjal\u00eb ofenduese, si p.sh.\u00a0ballkanezer\u00a0n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs\u00a0ballkanas. 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