{"id":6292,"date":"2016-09-01T10:19:45","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T09:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=6292"},"modified":"2021-04-17T01:14:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-17T00:14:33","slug":"qeveria-shperndan-nje-opinion-te-profesorit-marc-weller-per-demarkacionin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/qeveria-shperndan-nje-opinion-te-profesorit-marc-weller-per-demarkacionin\/","title":{"rendered":"Qeveria shp\u00ebrndan nj\u00eb opinion t\u00eb profesorit Marc Weller p\u00ebr demarkacionin"},"content":{"rendered":"

GAZETAEXPRESS<\/a>, 31 Gusht 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs ka nisur n\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb Gazet\u00ebs Express nj\u00eb opinion ligjor t\u00eb profesorit t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe t\u00eb studimeve kushtetuese nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, Marc Weller, lidhur me Vlefshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kufirit mes Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet me demarkimin e kufirit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nga Komisioni Shtet\u00ebror p\u00ebr Sh\u00ebnjimin dhe Mir\u00ebmbajtjen e Kufirit Shtet\u00ebror dhe reflektimi n\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjen e Vjen\u00ebs t\u00eb 26 gushtit t\u00eb vitit 2015.<\/em><\/p>\n

Opinion Ligjor Ekspert<\/strong><\/h3>\n

(I p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb dokumenteve shtes\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim e sip\u00ebr<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Vlefshm\u00ebria e kufirit mes Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet me demarkimin e kufirit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nga Komisioni Shtet\u00ebror p\u00ebr Sh\u00ebnjimin dhe Mir\u00ebmbajtjen e Kufirit Shtet\u00ebror dhe reflektimi n\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjen e Vjen\u00ebs t\u00eb 26 gushtit t\u00eb vitit 2015<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrmbajtja:<\/p>\n

I. P\u00ebrmbledhje e gjetjeve
\nII. Mandati i Opinionit Ligjor Ekspert dhe Kualifikimet e Autorit t\u00eb tij
\nIII. Prapavija e kontestit
\nIV. Kufijt\u00eb dhe burimet e kufijve n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare
\nV. Data kritike n\u00eb raport me Kosov\u00ebn dhe Malin e Zi
\nVI. Shtetet e reja, Uti Possidetisdhe kufiri mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi
\nVII. Ushtrimi efektiv dhe paq\u00ebsor i autoritetit shtet\u00ebror (Effectivite)
\nVIII. R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e hartave
\nIX. Ndikimi i procesit t\u00eb demarkacionit dhe Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs
\nX. T\u00eb drejtat e p\u00ebrcaktuara t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb t\u00eb vendit
\nXI. P\u00ebrfundime<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kapitulli XI.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundime<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kufijt\u00eb nuk vendosen nga gjeografia, ato vendosen nga burrat dhe grat\u00eb. Ose, p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, kufijt\u00eb vendosen nga ata burra dhe gra q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetit\u2014veprimet e t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb manifestim i vullnetit t\u00eb t\u00eb shteteve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin specifik, ekzistojn\u00eb kujtime p\u00ebr luft\u00ebtar\u00eb heroik t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb mbrojtur nj\u00ebr\u00ebn apo tjetr\u00ebn an\u00eb t\u00eb territorit para dhe pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Ekziston nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe e gjall\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs nga ana e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr kullotje dhe e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb resurseve t\u00eb pyjeve, lumenjve, dhe liqeneve. Dhe gjithashtu ekzistojn\u00eb edhe argumente t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb gjeografi natyrale, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb vendndodhjet e uj\u00ebndar\u00ebsve dhe pellgjeve p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kurrizit t\u00eb kreshtave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha malore.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebta faktor\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrvoja jan\u00eb t\u00eb kapshme dhe reale. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet nj\u00eb kufi, nj\u00eb element tjet\u00ebr shtes\u00eb duhet t\u2019i shtohet k\u00ebtij. Konflikti i armatosur mbi nj\u00eb territor mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat n\u00eb terren, por n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ai rezultat t\u2019i q\u00ebndroj\u00eb dhe mbijetoj\u00eb historis\u00eb, ky rezultat duhet t\u00eb ri-hidhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje paq\u00ebsore apo kufitare n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij konflikti. P\u00ebrdorimi i tok\u00ebs nga individ\u00eb privat\u00eb, apo madje pron\u00ebsia private mbi nj\u00eb tok\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e barasvlershme me pretendimet p\u00ebr territorin apo flet\u00ebn poseduese t\u00eb atij territori nga ana e shtetit am\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjeografia natyrale mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb se ku jetojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, si nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb ata apo madje edhe n\u00eb form\u00ebn e organizimeve politike q\u00eb ata zhvillojn\u00eb. Por n\u00eb fund, \u00ebsht\u00eb mu p\u00ebrdorimi ikarakteristikave t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb funksion si sh\u00ebrbyes t\u00eb vullnetit t\u00eb burrave dhe grave n\u00eb krye t\u00eb shtetit q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton kufirin aktual. Nj\u00eb kresht\u00eb uj\u00ebndar\u00ebse mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnjuar nj\u00eb kufi, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb territore t\u00eb larg\u00ebta. Por, n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, mund edhe t\u00eb mos sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si e till\u00eb. Ajo q\u00eb vlen \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi dhe praktika e shteteve n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e kufijve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevoj\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb ndahet historia, me gjith\u00eb heroizmin e saj, p\u00ebrdorimi privat i tok\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb drejtat pron\u00ebsore, pa marr\u00eb parasysh se gjat\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara, dhe gjeografia natyrale, pa marr\u00eb parasysh sa e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr sh\u00ebnjimin e kufijve, nga procesi m\u00eb teknik i delimitimit dhe demarkimit t\u00eb kufirit.<\/p>\n

Ekziston nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i burimeve p\u00ebr posedimin mbi nj\u00eb territor. N\u00eb konceptin klasik, k\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshinin zbulimin dhe okupimin e nj\u00eb toke t\u00eb pabanuar. Ekziston gjithashtu edhe shtimi\u2014procesi natyral me an\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cilit deti i shton tok\u00eb nj\u00eb territori t\u00eb caktuar. M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, ekziston mund\u00ebsia e heqjes dor\u00eb nga nj\u00eb territor, apo transferimi i nj\u00eb territori nga nj\u00eb sovran tek tjetri. K\u00ebto burime t\u00eb posedimit nuk jan\u00eb relevante p\u00ebr rastin n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, rasti i par\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar nd\u00ebrlidhet me historin\u00eb unike t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Historia e b\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs shtet ka implikime shum\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme ligjore, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij studimi, duke shp\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb diskutimin mbi parimin e uti possidetis.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e dyt\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me administrimin efektiv t\u00eb atij territori. Edhe n\u00ebse ekziston nj\u00eb flet\u00eb posedim i nj\u00eb territori, a \u00ebsht\u00eb shpjer\u00eb p\u00ebrpara ai posedim, apo konfirmuar, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet d\u00ebshmive t\u00eb administrimit efektiv t\u00eb tij?<\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti, ekziston edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e hartave. Deri n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mase jan\u00eb pal\u00ebt t\u00eb kufizuara apo t\u00eb detyruara nga hartat jozyrtare apo madje ato zyrtare. S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, ekziston pyetja e sjelljes pasuese t\u00eb pal\u00ebve, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb negociatave dhe t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb ratifikimit t\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb pyetje tjet\u00ebr ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me pyetjen e mbylljen e vij\u00ebs kufitare. A mund t\u00eb ri-hapet dhe adresohet prap\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet negociatave apo madje arbitrazhit? Pasi t\u00eb jen\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje, pyetja e trajtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave historike apo praktikave t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs vendore del n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe. Si mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen k\u00ebto t\u00eb drejta me p\u00ebrcaktimin e vij\u00ebs kufitare?<\/p>\n

Shtet\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs dhe kufijt\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shtet\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar gjer\u00ebsisht nga komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, por jo edhe pa kushte. Shtet\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar me pranimin nga ana e saj e t\u00eb disa realiteteve territoriale, ashtu si\u00e7 i p\u00ebrfitoi ajo n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1999.<\/p>\n

Lufta p\u00ebrfundoi me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs \u201cMarr\u00ebveshje e Kumanov\u00ebs\u201d, apo Marr\u00ebveshja ushtarako-teknike n\u00eb mes t\u00eb NATO-s\u00eb dhe autoriteteve t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Federale t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb me 9 qershor t\u00eb vitit 1999. Marr\u00ebveshja vendosi procedurat dhe modalitetet e t\u00ebrheqjes nga Kosova t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Federale t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb (RFJ). Ajo gjithashtu vendosi nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb pes\u00eb kilometra jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb RFJ-s\u00eb, si dhe nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb ajrore, q\u00eb shkonte deri n\u00eb 25km jasht\u00eb kufirit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Marr\u00ebveshja ishte e p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb me nj\u00eb hart\u00eb ku p\u00ebrcaktohej vija kufitare prej s\u00eb cil\u00ebs k\u00ebto zona do t\u00eb mateshin.<\/p>\n

Ajo hart\u00eb, q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbente NATO-s\u00eb gjat\u00eb zbarkimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (KFOR) dhe do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej nga ana e administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb (UNMIK), vendosi nj\u00eb vij\u00eb kufitare me Malin e Zi q\u00eb pasqyrohet t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Komisionit Shtet\u00ebror n\u00eb raportin e tij. M\u00eb 26 mars t\u00eb vitit 2007, i D\u00ebrguari i Posa\u00e7\u00ebm i OKB-ve Martti Ahtisaari prezantoi propozimin e tij p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e statusit final t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs para K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb OKB-ve. Propozimi p\u00ebrfshinte, n\u00eb Nenin 1 (8) dispozit\u00ebn n\u00eb vijim:<\/p>\n

Kosova nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb pretendime territoriale ndaj, dhe nuk do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb bashkim me asnj\u00eb, shtet ose pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shteti.<\/p>\n

Neni 3.2 i Aneksit VIII (Sektori i Siguris\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs) i propozimit adreson \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e kufirit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Neni thot\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Territori i Kosov\u00ebs do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizohet nga vija kufitare e Krahin\u00ebs Socialiste Autonome e Kosov\u00ebs brenda Republik\u00ebs Socialiste Federative t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb ashtu si\u00e7 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb k\u00ebto vija kufitare m\u00eb 31 dhjetor 1988, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 ndryshimit t\u00eb vij\u00ebs kufitare nga marr\u00ebveshja e demarkacionit n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Federative t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb dhe ish Republik\u00ebs Jugosllave t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb m\u00eb 23 shkurt 2001.<\/p>\n

Republika Socialiste Federative e Jugosllavis\u00eb (RSFJ) miratoi kushtetut\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonte identitetin e nj\u00ebsive konstitutive, m\u00eb 1974. Propozimi i Ahtisaarit e p\u00ebrcaktoi dhjetorin e vitit 1988 si data vendimtare p\u00ebr vler\u00ebsimin e kufirit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs si pjes\u00eb e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, meq\u00eb qeveria e Millosheviqit kishte suprimuar pjes\u00ebt kryesore t\u00eb statusit dhe fuqive t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara ma kushtetut\u00ebn e vitit 1974, nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm pas asaj date.<\/p>\n

Propozimi i Ahtisaarit ishte pranuar nga Kosova por jo nga autoritetet n\u00eb Beograd. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pozicionit t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse propozimi, n\u00eb fund, nuk u miratua nga K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit i OKB-s\u00eb dhe nuk iu imponua pal\u00ebve. Megjithat\u00eb, Kosova plot\u00ebsisht pranoi t\u00eb gjitha kufizimet mbi sovranitetin e saj q\u00eb zinte fill t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtura n\u00eb pakon e Ahtisaarit dhe e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme. Kur ajo deklaroi pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb 17 shkurt t\u00eb vitit 2008, Kosova konfirmoi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u2018pranonte plot\u00ebsisht detyrimet p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtura n\u00eb Planin e Ahtisaarit\u2019. Edhe m\u00eb qart\u00eb, Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb shtoi se: Kosova do t\u00eb ket\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e saj nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb ashtu si\u00e7 jan\u00eb parapar\u00eb n\u00eb Aneksin VIII t\u00eb Planit t\u00eb Ahtisaarit, dhe do t\u00eb respektoj\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht sovranitetin dhe integritetin territorial t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fqinj\u00ebve tan\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

Ne, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebsaj, afirmojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, specifike dhe t\u00eb parevokueshme se Kosova do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht e obliguar t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb dispozitatat e p\u00ebrmbajtura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb Deklarat\u00eb, p\u00ebrshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht obligimet e saj nga Plani i Ahtisaarit<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

Ne shpallim publikisht se t\u00eb gjitha shtetet kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb Deklarat\u00eb, dhe i b\u00ebjm\u00eb apel t\u00eb na ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahjen dhe mb\u00ebshtetjen e tyre. Kjo deklarat\u00eb e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb paraqet nj\u00eb kufizim unik, origjinal t\u00eb sovranitetit t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb sapoformuar t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Kosova qartazi pranoi kufijt\u00eb e saj si\u00e7 ishin vendosur n\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebn e vitit 1974 dhe t\u00eb konsumuara e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb deri m\u00eb 31 dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 1988. Ky p\u00ebrkufizim territorial \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201ci parevokuesh\u00ebm\u201d dhe Kosova obligohet q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrmbahet atij pa kusht\u00ebzime.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se njohja e Kosov\u00ebs nga ana e shteteve tjera do t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzohej me respektimin e k\u00ebtij vet\u00eb-kufizimi. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, t\u00eb gjitha shtetet tjera, pamarr\u00eb parasysh a e kan\u00eb njohur Kosov\u00ebn apo jo, kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb ligjore t\u00eb kufizohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zotim. Ky obligim erga omnesk\u00ebsisoji \u00ebsht\u00eb efektiv edhe kund\u00ebr Malit t\u00eb Zi (i cili, natyrisht, ka njohur Kosov\u00ebn).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, statusi territorial i Kosov\u00ebs i definuar n\u00eb Deklarat\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, dhe me referenc\u00eb tek Plani i Ahtisaarit, g\u00ebzon mbrojtjen e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Obligimet ligjore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb lidhura me kufijt\u00eb g\u00ebzojn\u00eb status t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ligjor n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs t\u00eb \u2018stabilitetit dhe p\u00ebrfundimit\u2019 t\u00eb regjimeve kufitare. Sapo t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar nj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb kufi, nj\u00eb shtet nuk mundet leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb dispozitat e ofruara nga e drejta e p\u00ebrgjithshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvendosur, ndryshuar apo anuluar baz\u00ebn relevante ligjore p\u00ebr kufirin. Ndryshimet n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr kufijt\u00eb, pas finalizimit t\u00eb saj, mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerren vet\u00ebm me pajtim t\u00eb shtetit apo shteteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb at\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje. Nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrihet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paq\u00ebsore dhe mund t\u00eb refuzohet nga ana e shtetit prej t\u00eb cilit po k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb ndryshim i till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebsisoj, p\u00ebrkufizimi territorial i Kosov\u00ebs si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet n\u00eb Planin e Ahtisaarit b\u00ebhet i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm dhe i rezistuesh\u00ebm ndaj \u00e7far\u00ebdo sfide apo ndryshimi t\u00eb tij me an\u00eb t\u00eb tri bllokadave ligjore q\u00eb jan\u00eb aplikuar: N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet efektit t\u00eb vet\u00eb-kufizimit origjinal t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur n\u00eb Deklarat\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pranimit t\u00eb efektit erga omnes t\u00eb atij kufizimi dhe kusht\u00ebzimi t\u00eb njohjes s\u00eb shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet aplikimit t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe parimeve t\u00eb Kart\u00ebs s\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, nj\u00eb bllokad\u00eb e kat\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast. Kushtetuta e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebrcakton n\u00eb nenin e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb mbi definicionin e shtetit se: Republika e Kosov\u00ebs nuk ka pretendime territoriale ndaj asnj\u00eb shteti ose pjese t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shteti dhe nuk do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb t\u00eb bashkohet me asnj\u00eb shtet ose pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shteti.<\/p>\n

Doktrina e Uti Possidetis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Referenca n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb administrativ\u00eb t\u00eb entiteteve t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin ish-Jugosllavin\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fakt referenc\u00eb n\u00eb principin utis possidetis t\u00eb ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. Ashtu si\u04ab u tha n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim, ky princip rrjedh nga Amerika Latine nga praktika n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX, e cila mandej \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar si nj\u00eb princip i vlefsh\u00ebm n\u00eb procesin e dekolonializimit kryesisht n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shekullit XX, dhe n\u00eb fund ky princip u shpall si t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i aplikuesh\u00ebm nga ana e komisionit t\u00eb Badinter-it n\u00eb kontekstin e shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb ish-RSFJ-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Parimi e Possidetis Uti thon\u00eb se kufijt\u00eb e brendsh\u00ebm krahinor\u00eb ose federal\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb kufij nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive territoriale p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. K\u00ebta kufij\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb automatike b\u00ebhen t\u00eb mbrojtsh\u00ebm nga ligji nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe doktrina e integritetit territorial. K\u00ebta kufij nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb konfirmohen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet marr\u00ebveshjeve kufitare, edhe pse n\u00eb disa raste \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb merren shpjegime shtes\u00eb t\u00eb vij\u00ebs uti possidetis n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet trraktateve apo arbitrimit. Kjo posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht u b\u00eb n\u00eb rastet ku territori n\u00eb fjal\u00eb nuk ishte eksploruar deri n\u00eb fund dhe ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsish i panjohur gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs sa ky territor ishte n\u00ebn administrimin e nj\u00eb shteti m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, si\u00e7 ishte rasti me vendet e Amerik\u00ebs Latine t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrmbanin territore t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb xhungl\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, nuk ka pasur probleme t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb rastin n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi. Territori n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i administruar me dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb dhe kufiri administrativ\u00eb n\u00eb mes t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy entiteteve mendohej se ishte mjaftuesh\u00ebm i qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Edhe pse kufijt\u00eb uti possidetis mund t\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb praktika vendore, megjithat\u00eb identifikimi i vij\u00ebs kufitare uti possidetis, i p\u00ebrket sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, identifikimi i vij\u00ebs kufitare uti possidetis, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb duhet t\u00eb merr parasysh burimet vendore nga koha e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat identifikonin vij\u00ebn kufitare n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit te Zi dhe Krahin\u00ebs Autonome t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb RSFJ-s\u00eb. Ky kufi, shprehet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kufijve territorial t\u00eb komunave t\u00eb cilat gjinden pran\u00eb k\u00ebsaj vije kufitare. Legjislacioni i Kosov\u00ebs konfirmon shprehimisht se kufijt\u00eb komunal korrespondojn\u00eb me ndarjet kadastrale.<\/p>\n

Rrjedhimisht, komisionet e dy shteteve jan\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kadastrale t\u00eb komunave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur, ose konfirmuar, vij\u00ebn kufitare. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kadastrale p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi pron\u00ebsin\u00eb e tok\u00ebs sipas ligjit civil. T\u00eb drejtat pron\u00ebsore sipas ligjit civil, nuk jan\u00ebdomosdoshm\u00ebrish t\u00eb barasvlershme me t\u00ebdrejta territoriale t\u00eb juridiksionit n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb ligjit publik. Kjo sa \u00ebsht\u00eb e aplikueshme p\u00ebr komunat, \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e aplikueshme edhe p\u00ebr krahinat autonome, republikat me federate ose n\u00eb mes t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shteteve sovrane.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave kadastrale nuk q\u00ebndron n\u00ebp\u00ebrcaktimin n\u00ebse individ\u00ebt nga Kosova ose Mali i Zi, ose autoritetet publike nga k\u00ebto shtete, kan\u00eb pasur titullar pron\u00ebsor\u00eb civil ose privat n\u00eb ndonj\u00ebrin territor. Por, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kadastrale jan\u00eb t\u00eb vlefshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst tjet\u00ebr, at\u00eb t\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shfaqjes t\u00eb autoritetit shtet\u00ebror\u00eb ose publik n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paq\u00ebsore, t\u00ebpand\u00ebrprer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb papengueshme.<\/p>\n

Ushtrimi efektiv dhe paq\u00ebsor i autoritetit shtet\u00ebror<\/strong><\/p>\n

Doktrina e ushtrimit paq\u00ebsor t\u00eb autoritetit shtet\u00ebror, apo e administrimit efektiv t\u00eb territori nga nj\u00eb autoritet publik, fiton n\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb ato raste kur kufijt\u00eb territorial nuk burojn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb posedim i caktuar me nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu marr\u00ebveshjes e heqjes dore nga ato territore, apo kur vija kufitare \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar edhepse ekzistojn\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr vij\u00ebn kufitare. Administrimi efektiv i territorit nuk tejkalon apo zhvendos vetvetiu nj\u00eb posedim t\u00eb vendosur m\u00eb her\u00ebt, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00ebse nj\u00eb administrim i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, ishte i mir\u00ebnjohur (p\u00ebr shembull, i njohur, apo duhej t\u00eb ishte i njohur nga flet\u00ebposeduesi), dhe q\u00eb ka mbetur i pakund\u00ebrshtuar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, vija kufitare uti possidetis \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur qartazi si burim i posedimit t\u00eb territorit p\u00ebr Malin e Zi dhe Kosov\u00ebn sipas s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, dhe n\u00eb relacion me Kosov\u00ebn, gjithashtu me kusht\u00ebzimet n\u00eb pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, pavar\u00ebsia e t\u00eb dyja entiteteve \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e vonshme. K\u00ebshtu, administrimi efektiv nuk ka pasur rastin t\u00eb pjeket p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr ta zhvendosur nga r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia vij\u00ebn uti possidetis.<\/p>\n

Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, administrimi efektiv, do t\u00eb ishte relevant n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e vij\u00ebs s\u00eb sakt\u00eb uti possidetis aty ku \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb e paqart\u00eb ndarja kufitare n\u00eb mes t\u00eb entiteteve administrative t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Duke e par\u00eb nga kjo perspektiv\u00eb, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kadastrale t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr shum\u00eb v\u00ebmendje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, jan\u00eb relevante, pasi q\u00eb japin indikacionin m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb shtrirjes s\u00eb jurisdiksionit q\u00eb komunat n\u00eb fjal\u00eb pretenduan, ose menduan se e g\u00ebzojn\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e vendosur qart\u00eb dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konsistente n\u00eb legjislacionin jugosllav dhe at\u00eb pasues, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu Ligjin p\u00ebr Anketimin Kadastral t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1973, rregulloren e UNMIK-ut 2000\/43 t\u00eb vitit 200, dhe Ligjit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr Kufijt\u00eb Administrativ Komunal t\u00eb vitit 2008. Ky i fundit konfirmon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite, n\u00eb pajtim me praktikat e m\u00ebhershme, se: Kufijt\u00ebadministrativt\u00ebKomun\u00ebsjan\u00ebkufijt\u00ebadministrativt\u00ebzonavekadastraleq\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb territorin e komun\u00ebs n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn q\u00eb kufizohet me komun\u00ebn fqinje ose p\u00ebrputhet me kufijt\u00eb administrative shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb s\u00eb voni, m\u00eb 2013, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Komisionit Shtet\u00ebror, Kosova miratoi edhe nj\u00eb ligj tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr kadastr\u00ebn. Ky ligj obligon t\u00eb gjitha institucionet lokale dhe qendrore q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me tok\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe nj\u00ebsit\u00eb kadastrale t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb regjistrin e Kadastr\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ligji gjithashtu konfirmon p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, n\u00eb Nenin 8, se komunat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndara n\u00eb zona kadastrale. Me ndryshim t\u00eb definicionit territorial t\u00eb komun\u00ebs, ligji thot\u00eb, ndryshon edhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zonat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse kadastrale, dhe e kund\u00ebrta.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto dy komisione i kan\u00eb rishikuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kadastrale ne detaje dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb regjistruar se ka pranuar konfirmimin q\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi, jan\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse dhe t\u00eb plota: Nuk ka \u201czona t\u00eb bardha\u201d t\u00eb cilat nuk mbulohen nga ndonj\u00ebra nga komunat, ose nuk ka zona ku pretendohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb ankesa t\u00eb juridiksionit.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb aprovuar tashm\u00eb nga Komisioni ad hoc i cili ka rishikuar pun\u00ebn e komisioneve t\u00eb t\u00eb dyja shteteve dhe ka p\u00ebrmbledhur q\u00eb nuk ka gabime teknike n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e mbledhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb vij\u00ebs kufitare, gjithashtu n\u00eb zonat Kulla dhe Cakorr. Megjithat\u00eb, disa pohojn\u00eb se ky rezultat nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb konsistent me d\u00ebshmi tjera t\u00eb administrimit efektiv.<\/p>\n

Kund\u00ebrshtuesit e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs kan\u00eb identifikuar disa raste dhe d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb ushtrimit t\u00eb fuqive t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy vende. Kjo thuhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb leje, taksa dhe gjoba t\u00eb l\u00ebshuara nga autoritetet komunale t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhje me aktivitete n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy vende, dhe potencialisht edhe aktivitete t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve nga ana e autoriteteve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebto d\u00ebshmi, p\u00ebr aq sa jan\u00eb ofruar p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb k\u00ebtij studimi, jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb rralla dhe jan\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar nga tjer\u00ebt. K\u00ebto kund\u00ebrshtohen nga d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e ofruara nga Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs, me an\u00eb t\u00eb cilave pretendohet se ofrohet nj\u00eb pamje m\u00eb e qart\u00eb e p\u00ebrreth 37 rasteve t\u00eb kosovar\u00ebve q\u00eb u kan\u00eb paguar tatime dhe pagesa t\u00eb ndryshme autoriteteve relevante komunale t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebto dy pjes\u00eb t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nga materialet e shikuara n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb k\u00ebtij studimi d\u00ebshmit\u00eb q\u00eb sugjerojn\u00eb nj\u00eb administrim konsistent t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi mbi zonat relevante duket t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme. Edhe po t\u00eb ishin d\u00ebshmit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb balancuara, rezultati nuk do t\u00eb ndryshonte. N\u00ebse Kosova do t\u00eb kishte shpres\u00eb t\u00eb pretendonte seriozisht mbi k\u00ebto dy territore n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, ajo do t\u00eb detyrohej t\u00eb prezantoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rast m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm t\u00eb administrimit t\u00eb saj efektiv mbi k\u00ebto territore nga administrata qendrore apo ato komunale q\u00eb t\u00eb zhvendosnin fuqin\u00eb e uti possidetis q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb kufijve komunal\u00eb t\u00eb konfirmuar me an\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshmive kadastrale.<\/p>\n

D\u00ebshmit\u00eb hartografike<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb, gjithashtu, edhe p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket d\u00ebshmive hartografike. Edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb, jurisprudenca nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare konfirmon se hartat kan\u00eb pak vler\u00eb si d\u00ebshmi e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs territoriale n\u00eb vetvete. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ekziston nj\u00eb skepticiz\u00ebm mjaft i madh kur konsiderohen d\u00ebshmit\u00eb hartografike, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e prodhuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb mas\u00eb. Shum\u00eb shpesh, del se nj\u00eb hart\u00eb kopjon linjat e nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr harte, pa i vler\u00ebsuar plot\u00ebsisht dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur kufijt\u00eb e sh\u00ebnjuar t\u00eb asaj harte. K\u00ebshtu duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb rasti n\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb hartave jozyrtare, apo hartave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura brenda-p\u00ebrbrenda Kosov\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shembull hartat e p\u00ebrmbajtura n\u00eb librat shkollor\u00eb apo edhe n\u00eb atlaset me p\u00ebrmbajtje m\u00eb shkencore.<\/p>\n

Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshe, n\u00eb rastet ku hartat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur vullnetin e shteteve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse, n\u00eb rastet kur i b\u00ebhet referenc\u00eb k\u00ebtyre shteteve n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet kufitare. Marr\u00ebveshja e Vjen\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i till\u00eb. Ajo i referohet hartave t\u00eb bashkangjitura asaj si pasqyrimi m\u00eb autoritar i vij\u00ebs s\u00eb synuar kufitare, si shtes\u00eb e list\u00ebs s\u00eb referencave t\u00eb koordinatave dhe p\u00ebrshkrimit tekstual.<\/p>\n

Gjendja hartave n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi varet nga pyetja n\u00ebse, dhe si, pal\u00ebt i kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb ato n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tyre nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00ebse, p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb shtet vazhdimisht ka shfryt\u00ebzuar nj\u00eb hart\u00eb si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim autoritar t\u00eb vij\u00ebs kufitare, mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje, edhe n\u00ebse ekzistojn\u00eb burime konkurruese t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs n\u00eb favor t\u00eb atij shteti.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, edhe pse, k\u00ebto harta do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ishin harta zyrtarisht t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura nga Mali i Zi, duke treguar kufirin n\u00eb favor t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi. Do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb pak bind\u00ebse q\u00eb hartat t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin nj\u00eb pretendimin e paraqitur apo edhe t\u00eb pranuar nga Kosova, pasi q\u00eb kjo do t\u00eb shihej si nj\u00eb produkt i mundsh\u00ebm i interesit vetjak.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \u00ebsht\u00eb pohuar se linjat e p\u00ebrvijuara n\u00eb Flamurin dhe n\u00eb simbolet e shtetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs konfirmojn\u00eb pretendimin e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr territoret. Megjithat\u00eb, qeveria ka treguar se, p\u00ebrkundrazi, kjo linj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me vendimin e Komisionit Shtet\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e m\u00ebhershme hartografike ndryshojn\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se shum\u00eb prej hartave t\u00eb paraqitura s\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb n\u00eb pajtim me linj\u00ebn kufitare si\u00e7 t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga komisionet shtet\u00ebrore. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se kjo nuk vlen p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha hartat. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn q\u00eb d\u00ebshmit\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim, nuk duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb rast p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar linj\u00ebn e p\u00ebrcaktuar kufitare n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshmive hartografike q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuara si autoritare nga secila prej dy pal\u00ebve n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tyre nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Statusi i Marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, pranimi i heshtur dhe heqja dor\u00eb nga e drejta (\u201cAcquiescence and Estoppel\u201d)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja e Vjen\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rezultat i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme t\u00eb dy komisioneve shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb punuar ve\u00e7-e-ve\u00e7 dhe s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb tre vje\u00e7are. Komisioni Shtet\u00ebror i Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebsh t\u00eb shquar n\u00eb fushat e gjeografis\u00eb, historis\u00eb, ligjit, dhe zbatimit t\u00eb kufijve, etj. Rezultati i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Komisionit n\u00eb vetvete ka disa implikime n\u00eb pretendimet e mundshme q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Komisioni, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb organ i shtetit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb i angazhuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e vij\u00ebs kufitare sipas marr\u00ebveshje. Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs, fillimisht p\u00ebrmes ministrit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb jashtme, dhe pastaj kryeministrit, \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e propozuar, duke pretenduar se Kosova nuk humb as edhe ‘nj\u00eb in\u00e7’ (ose centimet\u00ebr) t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb saj. Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs e ka p\u00ebrkrahur marr\u00ebveshjen e Vjen\u00ebs pa m\u00ebdyshje, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb deklaruar tejet zyrtarisht se ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb plot\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, Marr\u00ebveshja nuk hyn n\u00eb fuqi deri sa t\u00eb ratifikohet nga Kosova. Sipas ligjit t\u00eb traktateve, nj\u00eb shteti i k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb mos e pengoj\u00eb objektin dhe q\u00ebllimin e nj\u00eb traktati pas n\u00ebnshkrimit dhe para ratifikimit. V\u00ebnia n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje e vij\u00ebs kufitare t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb kufirit mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb nj\u00eb akt t\u00eb till\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk ka asnj\u00eb detyrim ligjor p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar procesin e sjelljes s\u00eb traktatit n\u00eb fuqi.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, miratimi i qart\u00eb i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur n\u00eb traktat do t\u00eb merret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb Kosova ta v\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, sjellja e Kosov\u00ebs pak a shum\u00eb ka p\u00ebrfunduar t\u00eb gjitha diskutimet ligjore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, edhe n\u00ebse Marr\u00ebveshja ratifikohet apo nuk ratifikohet tani.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb thuhet se Kosova ka marr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pozicion p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr disa kund\u00ebrshtimeve brendap\u00ebrbrenda Kosov\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb qeveria ajo e cila b\u00ebn zotime n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetin n\u00eb kuptimin ligjor. Dhe q\u00ebndrimi i qeveris\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe i qart\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje. Madje edhe nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb qeveri nuk do ta ndryshoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia e rishikimit ose shqyrtimit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ligjore p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar marr\u00ebveshjen? E drejta nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebdyshje kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr pranimin arsyeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb hedhur posht\u00eb detyrimet ligjore n\u00eb lidhje me kufijt\u00eb. Doktrina e stabilitetit dhe p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb regjimeve kufitare i b\u00ebn traktatet e k\u00ebtilla edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme ndaj ndryshimeve t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme n\u00eb tentativ\u00eb ose nd\u00ebrprerjen e tyre. N\u00eb kuptim faktik, nuk do t\u00eb ishte e leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej argumenti i gabimit, mashtrimit apo korrupsionit te zyrtareve shtet\u00ebror\u00eb gjat\u00eb arritjes s\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeve p\u00ebr traktate te kufijve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb procesit.\u00cbsht\u00eb pohuar se n\u00eb rast t\u00eb zbulimeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb fakteve n\u00eb lidhje me vij\u00ebn kufitare, mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb rishqyrtim i marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb rast se ratifikohet marr\u00ebveshje kjo nuk mund te q\u00ebndroj\u00eb. Doktrina e \u201cndryshimit rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor t\u00eb rrethanave\u201d v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do t\u00eb ishte e zbatueshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb till\u00eb. P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, konsideratat mbi stabilitetin dhe p\u00ebrmbarimin e kufinj\u00ebve me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb do merrnin precedent\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, asnj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e veprimeve ligjore nuk do te ishte e mundshme p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn. Kjo p\u00ebrfshin edhe \u00e7far\u00ebdo hapa ligjor\u00eb q\u00eb Kosova do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb merrte. Marr\u00ebveshja Vjen\u00ebs ofron vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mjet diplomatik p\u00ebr zgjidhje t\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshjes. Referenca qe i behet mund\u00ebsis\u00eb se arbitrimit do te bie p\u00ebrderisa Mali i zi nuk do te pajtohej shprehimisht p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb te till\u00eb apo p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00ebdo juridiksioni tjet\u00ebr lidhur me mosmarr\u00ebveshjen e mundshme.<\/p>\n

Ligji p\u00ebr ratifikim e marr\u00ebveshjes n\u00eb Kuvendin e Kosov\u00ebs thot\u00eb:<\/em><\/p>\n

Dispozitat e marr\u00ebveshjes mbi p\u00ebrcaktimin e kufirit n\u00eb mes t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Malit t\u00eb Zi, n\u00ebnshkruar n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, m\u00eb 26 gusht 2015, n\u00eb rast se ofrohen argumente t\u00eb reja ligjore, mund t\u00eb ndryshohen me miratimin e pal\u00ebve. Dispozitat e k\u00ebsaj Marr\u00ebveshjeje mund t\u00eb ndryshohen duke ndjekur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat procedura q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb parapara p\u00ebr miratimin e saj. Me p\u00eblqimin e pal\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet arbitrazh nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr ndryshimin e dispozitave t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n

Kjo dispozit\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb – traktatet dypal\u00ebshe nuk lejojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme q\u00eb pretendojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb ose modifikojn\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet. Nuk do t\u00eb ken\u00eb efekt juridik. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, substanca e k\u00ebsaj dispozite thjesht p\u00ebrmban at\u00eb q\u00eb tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Natyrisht marr\u00ebveshja mund t\u00eb ri-hapet dhe t\u00eb ndryshohet me p\u00eblqimin e t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebve. \u00c7do marr\u00ebveshje mund t\u00eb ndryshohet, n\u00ebse pal\u00ebt bien dakord. Por, n\u00eb nj\u00eb afat t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb operimit t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e till\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrihet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb nga ndryshimet e propozuara nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb humbet dhe tjetra fiton,. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, kjo dispozit\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb burim t\u00eb juridiksionit p\u00ebr arbitrazh (ose me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e nj\u00ebanshme t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb n\u00eb procedur\u00ebn e arbitrazhit, n\u00ebse jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb argumentet e reja ligjore).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, pal\u00ebt jan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb lira t\u00eb bien dakord p\u00ebr procedur\u00ebn e arbitrazhit, por pse do t\u00eb binte dakord pala tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ajo vet\u00ebm mund t\u00eb humb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb till\u00eb. Edhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se Mali i Zi do t\u00eb bie dakord, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb interes t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve miq\u00ebsore me Kosov\u00ebn, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se si do t\u00eb mund ta hedh posht\u00eb vij\u00ebn tashm\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord kufitare nj\u00eb tribunal i arbitrazhit, p\u00ebrderisa nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mandat specifik p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfillur deklaratat dhe parashtresat e Kosov\u00ebs t\u00eb b\u00ebra n\u00eb lidhje me marr\u00ebveshjen e kufirit.N\u00eb fund, ekziston nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i parashikuar n\u00eb vet\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjen. T\u00eb dyja shtetet bien dakord p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar kufirin e p\u00ebrcaktuar nga marr\u00ebveshja n\u00eb terren, brenda dy viteve, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb Organi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt punues t\u00eb dy komisioneve shtet\u00ebrore. N\u00eb funksion t\u00eb kushteve lokale, gjeografike dhe ekonomike, Organi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt punues ka mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb korrigjimet e nevojshme dhe t\u00eb balancuara n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me p\u00eblqim t\u00eb dyansh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, termi “i\/e nevojshme” sugjeron se k\u00ebto do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb korrigjime t\u00eb diktuara pozitivisht nga kushtet lokale, gjeografike apo ekonomike. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dispozit\u00eb q\u00eb ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rihapjes s\u00eb debatit p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket vij\u00ebs kufitare n\u00eb baza ligjore apo n\u00eb baza t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrgjithshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, termi \u201ci\/e balancuar\u201d l\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptohet se fitimi n\u00eb territor i nj\u00ebr\u00ebs pal\u00eb do t\u00eb kompensohet nga fitimet n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr pal\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, duket se kjo dispozit\u00eb ofron vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebr ndryshime dhe nuk heq asgj\u00eb nga theksi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr stabilitetin dhe p\u00ebrmbarimin e kufijve.<\/p>\n

Kjo gjetje \u00ebsht\u00eb sforcuar me nenin 11 t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes i cili parashikon se ndryshimet e marr\u00ebveshjeve mund t\u00eb arrihen vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt ‘t\u00eb Pal\u00ebve’, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, jo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt brenda Organit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt pun\u00ebs. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar nga k\u00ebrkesa q\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e till\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr ndryshime do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn procedur\u00eb t\u00eb parashikuar p\u00ebr miratimin dhe hyrjen n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes (dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, ratifikimit).<\/p>\n

Q\u00ebllimi i p\u00ebrfundimit\/p\u00ebrmbarimit t\u00eb linj\u00ebs kufitare si\u00e7 t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga marr\u00ebveshja \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar edhe nga fakti se marr\u00ebveshja \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar “p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb pacaktuar”, n\u00eb nenin 10.<\/p>\n

Alternativa t\u00eb politikave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kosova tani do t\u00eb shikoj\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb ratifikimin e marr\u00ebveshjes. N\u00ebse kjo del t\u00eb jet\u00eb e pamundur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit t\u00eb opozit\u00ebs dhe ndoshta edhe t\u00eb disa deputet\u00ebve q\u00eb u p\u00ebrkasin partive shumic\u00eb q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin qeverin\u00eb n\u00eb Kuvend, \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb mund\u00ebsish ekzistojn\u00eb?<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mohoj marr\u00ebveshjen (t\u00eb t\u00ebrhiqet n\u00ebnshkrimi) dhe bile t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahen nga p\u00ebrcaktimi i kufirit si\u00e7 t\u00eb parapar\u00eb me marr\u00ebveshje duke k\u00ebrkuar nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb re. Ligj\u00ebrisht, kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr ta bazuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shum\u00eb linjave t\u00eb ndryshme, marr\u00eb parasysh mb\u00ebshtetjen e fuqishme t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dh\u00ebn\u00eb versionit aktual t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, Kosova do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb angazhohet si t\u00eb thuash n\u00eb politika t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb. Kjo mund t\u00eb llogaris\u00eb n\u00eb faktin se Mali i Zi duhet t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb kufirin e saj me Kosov\u00ebn n\u00ebse d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb integrimin euro-atlantike, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti n\u00eb lidhje me NATO-n. K\u00ebshtu, Mali i Zi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr. Ose, ndoshta do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb negociohet nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje kompromisi, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ushtrimit t\u00eb sovranitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb zon\u00ebs n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por ky opsion, megjithat\u00eb, do t\u00eb rrezikonte q\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Malin e Zi n\u00eb nj\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, dhe kjo do ta v\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn p\u00ebrball\u00eb kritikave t\u00eb shumta dhe ndoshta edhe veprimeve nga qeverit\u00eb q\u00eb zakonisht e mb\u00ebshtesin at\u00eb. Duke pasur parasysh gjendjen delikate t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb rrafshin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, nj\u00eb kurs i till\u00eb i veprimit mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pamatur, p\u00ebrderisa nuk ka tregues t\u00eb qart\u00eb se Mali i Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ri-negocioj\u00eb linj\u00ebn kufitare. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ky veprim do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb justifikim t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr institucionet Europiane dhe p\u00ebr qeverin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mohuar udh\u00ebtimin pa viza p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt e Kosov\u00ebs.Nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e dyt\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte q\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen n\u00eb arbitrazh nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrs\u00ebri, ky hap do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb qasje pozitive, vullnet t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe p\u00eblqimin e Malit t\u00eb Zi. Ky veprim do t\u00eb marr\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb. Dhe, si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb lart, Kosova me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb do ta humbiste rastin n\u00eb arbitrazh, meq\u00eb sjellja e saj duket se e pengon at\u00eb q\u00eb ta v\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje linj\u00ebn e kufirit q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte caktuar\/rregulluar n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje. Edhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, ai aspekt do t\u00eb zhvendosej p\u00ebrtej sfer\u00ebs s\u00eb arbitrave. P\u00ebr shembull, pal\u00ebt mund t\u00eb pajtohen se tribunal nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar mund vet\u00ebm t\u00eb shqyrtoj\u00eb zhvillimet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur para fillimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Komisionit Shtet\u00ebror\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2012. Sidoqoft\u00eb, bilanci i argumenteve dhe analiz\u00ebs ligjore t\u00eb ofruara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studimkan\u00eb qen\u00eb se linja kufitareme shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, konstatimi nga nj\u00eb gjykat\u00eb e pavarur q\u00eb konfirmon se vija kufitare mund t\u00eb zgjidh \u00e7\u00ebshtjen. E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se, ajo nuk do t\u2019i caktoj\u00eb k\u00ebto dy territoren\u00eb fjal\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, si\u00e7 i k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e marr\u00ebveshjes. Megjithat\u00eb, mund t\u2019i bind\u00eb ata q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen e tanishme q\u00eb linja kufitare \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, n\u00eb rregull, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb procesi ligjor. Megjithat\u00eb, do t\u00eb humbet shum\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e tret\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e p\u00ebrdoruesve me Malin e Zi para ratifikimit. Kjo marr\u00ebveshje do t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat dhe praktikat e vendosura t\u00eb kosovar\u00ebve n\u00eb lidhje me territoret, dhe do t\u00eb siguronte se Mali i Zi \u00ebsht\u00eb i zotuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme n\u00eb nj\u00eb administrat\u00eb “t\u00eb but\u00eb” t\u00eb vij\u00ebs kufitare n\u00eb ato zona. Nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje e k\u00ebtij lloji mund t\u00eb arrihet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joformale, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim letrash, ose n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb nj\u00eb dokumenti t\u00eb sigluar nga t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebt. Marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb tilla shtes\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ratifikim, por jan\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht t\u00eb detyrueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb adresohen mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb angazhim apo zotim t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u2019u garantuar kosovar\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb pronar\u00eb t\u00eb tokave n\u00eb an\u00ebn malazeze t\u00eb kufirit sigurin\u00eb e vazhdueshme mbi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr ato prona dhe qssje t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb tokat e tyre dhe vler\u00ebn q\u00eb ato p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, t\u00eb tilla si kullosat, peshkimin dhe pyjet, nga individ\u00ebt shtetas t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe, n\u00ebse aplikohet, kompanit\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb dy fusha, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me praktikat historikisht t\u00eb vendosura;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar trajtimin e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb kosovar\u00ebve q\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb p\u00ebr licenca dhe koncesione n\u00eb lidhje me prerjet, peshkimin, minierat, p\u00ebrdorimin e ujit dhe aktivitete t\u00eb tjera;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb administruar pikat kufitare n\u00eb k\u00ebto dy zona edhe pse me nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb leht\u00eb kontakti, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Kjo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb dokumentacion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt vendas, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt rregullisht kalojn\u00eb kufirin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb kalim t\u00eb till\u00eb, dhe hequr t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zbatohen n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb tjera (sigurimi, dokumentacioni sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, etj), dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar se kjo marr\u00ebveshje mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00ebse Mali i Zi ndryshon regjimin e saj kufitar n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb integrimit n\u00eb BE.<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruar ndryshimin e lokacionit t\u00eb pikave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse kufitare p\u00ebrtej dy zonave n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, duke i l\u00ebvizur m\u00eb brenda territorit malazez\u00eb, pa cenuar t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn ligjore mbi territorin;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me zbatimin e juridiksionit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet policis\u00eb, zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb kufirit dhe forcave ushtarake n\u00eb t\u00eb dy zonat, si dhe t\u00eb shmang\u00eb pranin\u00eb e madhe dhe t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb forcave t\u00eb tilla si n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb zakonshme. T\u00eb konsideroj\u00eb sugjerimin e patrullimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb zonat ku kosovar\u00ebt vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb veprimtari historikisht t\u00eb njohura dhe p\u00ebrcaktuara;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kontakti n\u00eb dy komunat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar ndonj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me situatat e lartp\u00ebrmendura dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fuqizuar dhe udh\u00ebzuar zyrtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb pikat e kontaktit p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar \u00e7\u00ebshtjet n\u00eb kompetenc\u00eb t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive dhe me dashamir\u00ebsi;<\/p>\n

\u2022 P\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar dy komisione t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta t\u00eb komunave kufitare, respektivisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar bashk\u00ebrisht \u00e7\u00ebshtjet me interes t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrdorimin e burimeve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre zonave, qasjen n\u00eb dhe rreth-e-p\u00ebrqark zonave, mbrojtjen e mjedisit dhe menaxhimin e parkut natyror, dhe \u00e7do \u00e7\u00ebshtje tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb dali n\u00eb lidhje me to. Komisioni do t\u00eb mblidhet \u00e7do tre muaj dhe do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar t\u00eb deleguar nga secila prej dy qeverive qendrore.Natyrisht, kjo nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb till\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb periudhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohore q\u00eb duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr ratifikim. Megjithat\u00eb, kur t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb ratifikimit, ose t\u00eb grindjeve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb brendshme n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, mund t\u00eb mendohet si veprim i men\u00e7ur p\u00ebr ta shqyrtuar n\u00ebse nj\u00eb shtyrje apo vones\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr e ratifikimit mund t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb llojit apo modelit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar k\u00ebtu. Mali i Zi deri m\u00eb tani ka treguar se do t\u00eb respektoj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e vendosura t\u00eb kosovar\u00ebve lokal\u00eb, dhe gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb interes q\u00eb ta shoh\u00eb ratifikimin e suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nuk ka koh\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, Kosova mund t\u00eb konsideroj\u00eb nj\u00eb ratifikim t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar. Q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, Kosova mund t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paragraf t\u00eb m\u00ebtejm\u00eb n\u00eb ligjin p\u00ebr ratifikimin. Ai paragraf mund t\u00eb deklaroj\u00eb se ratifikimi do t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb fuqi sa menj\u00ebher\u00eb pasi q\u00eb qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetoj\u00eb n\u00eb Kuvendin e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs se \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje ekzekutive shtes\u00eb, s\u00eb bashku me linjat kufitare t\u00eb propozuara k\u00ebtu.Kosova, gjithashtu, mund t\u00eb ftoj\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e saj ql t\u00eb depozitojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr korrigjime m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Organit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt punues t\u00eb dy komisioneve shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb themeluar n\u00eb pajtim me marr\u00ebveshjen. Kjo pastaj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat e tilla n\u00eb Komision. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, kjo nuk do t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb dy zonat si t\u00eb t\u00ebra. Megjithat\u00eb, mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb rregullime t\u00eb vogla q\u00eb mund t\u00eb leht\u00ebsojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb lokale q\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb balancuar. Si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb lart, korrigjimet t\u00eb tilla m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr arsye lokale, gjeografike apo ekonomike me p\u00eblqimin e nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb Komisionit dhe nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ri-negocimin e marr\u00ebveshjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/p>\n

Rreth Autorit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Profesori Marc Weller \u00ebsht\u00eb eksperti kryesor i t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe profesor aktual i t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe Studimeve Kushtetuese Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin e Kembrixhit. Ai sh\u00ebrbeu p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb (6) vjet si drejtor i Qendr\u00ebs Lauterpacht p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Universitetin e Kembrixhit. Profesori Weller sh\u00ebrbeu gjithashtu si Vincent Wright Profesor n\u00eb Shkencat Po n\u00eb Paris, dhe si Profesor me korrespondenc\u00eb n\u00eb Kings College, Lond\u00ebr, n\u00eb Universitetin e Parisit (X) dhe n\u00eb Universitetin Keio n\u00eb Japoni. Ai ka sh\u00ebrbyer edhe si Drejtor i Studimeve n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e Hag\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebn Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, dhe ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb Kursin e P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb Xianmen t\u00eb s\u00eb Drejt\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj ai ka ligj\u00ebruar n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb e Venedikut p\u00ebr demokratizim dhe t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut dhe n\u00eb Universitetin Aristotelian, Greqi. Profesori Weller mban tri tituj t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb doktorit t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs (PhD), n\u00eb shkencat ekonomike dhe sociale, n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn dhe n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb vitin 2014, ai u nderua me \u00c7mimin prestigjioz Halsbury p\u00ebr arritjet e tij t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyeshme n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Profesori Weller \u00ebsht\u00eb autor, redaktor dhe bashkautor i rreth 25 librave n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. Ai ka marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb takime t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e K\u00ebshilltarit ligjor dhe Ekspertit t\u00eb lart\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsues p\u00ebr Kombet e Bashkuara dhe organe t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb shum\u00eb procese paq\u00ebsore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspert i njohur n\u00eb zgjidhjen e kontesteve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion ka sh\u00ebrbyer si k\u00ebshilltar ligjor p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrguarve special t\u00eb Sekretarit t\u00eb P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb, Kofi Anan-in, Lakhdar Brahimi-in, Jamal Benomar-in dhe Stefan de Mistura-n\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ekspertiza e Profesorit Weller p\u00ebrfshin, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, ish-Jugosllavin\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht Kosov\u00ebn. Ai ishte k\u00ebshilltar ligjor i Delegacionit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn n\u00eb negociatat e Rambujes\u00eb dhe gjat\u00eb negociatave t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga Ahtisaari p\u00ebr statusin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Ai gjithashtu k\u00ebshilloi p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket aspekteve t\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe ishte i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb hartimin e ligjeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ai ka udh\u00ebhequr aktivitetet e Qendr\u00ebs Evropiane p\u00ebr \u00c7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb Minoriteteve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa sh\u00ebrbente si drejtor n\u00eb selin\u00eb e Qendr\u00ebs n\u00eb Flensburg, Gjermani. Profesor Weller \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i trajtimit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb pozit\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare deri m\u00eb sot, \u201cShtet\u00ebsia e Kontestuar: Lufta e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi\u201d (Oxford University Press, 2009, botuar edhe n\u00eb shqip nga KOHA, n\u00eb vitin 2009).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GAZETAEXPRESS, 31 Gusht 2016 Qeveria e Kosov\u00ebs ka nisur n\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb Gazet\u00ebs Express nj\u00eb opinion ligjor t\u00eb profesorit t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe t\u00eb studimeve kushtetuese nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, Marc Weller, lidhur me Vlefshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kufirit mes Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs dhe Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet me demarkimin e kufirit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nga Komisioni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nQeveria shp\u00ebrndan nj\u00eb opinion t\u00eb profesorit Marc Weller p\u00ebr demarkacionin - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/qeveria-shperndan-nje-opinion-te-profesorit-marc-weller-per-demarkacionin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qeveria shp\u00ebrndan nj\u00eb opinion t\u00eb profesorit Marc Weller p\u00ebr demarkacionin - 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