{"id":64098,"date":"2021-02-05T20:59:10","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T19:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=64098"},"modified":"2021-02-05T20:59:10","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T19:59:10","slug":"antidrama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/antidrama\/","title":{"rendered":"ANTIDRAMA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/fjala.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/xhelal-zejneli.jpg\" alt=\"Xhelal Zejneli\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/> <strong>Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Antidrama <\/strong>ose <strong>drama e absurdit <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb drejtim n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb dramatike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb dram\u00ebs s\u00eb absurdit ishin dramaturgu francez me prejardhje rumune <strong>Ezhen Jonesko <\/strong>(Eug\u00e9ne Ionesco, 1912-1994), romancieri dhe dramaturgu irlandez <strong>Semjuel Bekei <\/strong>(Samuel Beckett, 1906-1989), dramaturgu francez me prejardhje armene <strong>Artur Adamov <\/strong>(Arthur Adamov, 1908-1970) dhe poeti, romancieri e dramaturgu francez, i cili prind\u00ebrit e vet nuk i pa kurr\u00eb <strong>Zhan Zhenet<\/strong> (Jean Genet, 1910-1986). M\u00eb von\u00eb drama e absurdit u shtri edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n<p>Krahas termit<strong> dram\u00eb e absurdit<\/strong>, p\u00ebrdoren edhe termat <strong><em>drama avangarde, antidrama, teatri i ri <\/em><\/strong><em>(n\u00eb analogji me termin \u201c<strong>romani i ri\u201d<\/strong>, <strong>metateat\u00ebr, teat\u00ebr i protest\u00ebs<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Drama e absurdit ka nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt dhe t\u00eb larg\u00ebt. Shembull i <em>dram\u00ebs s\u00eb absurdit <\/em>konsiderohet <em>\u201cMbreti Yby\u201d<\/em> <em>(Ubu <\/em>roi, 1888<em>)<\/em> i dramaturgut, romancierit dhe poetit francez, t\u00eb kualifikuar si <em>poet dekadent<\/em> <strong>Alfred Zhari <\/strong>(Alfred Jarry, 1873-1907); drama surrealiste <em>\u201cGjinjt\u00eb e Tiresias\u201d<\/em> <em>(Les mamelles de Tir\u00e9sias <\/em>, 1917<em>)<\/em> e poetit francez, i cili <strong>Faik Konic\u00ebn<\/strong> e quajti <em>enciklopedia q\u00eb ec\u00ebn<\/em>, <strong>Gijom<\/strong> <strong>Apoliner <\/strong>(Guillaume Apollinaire, emri i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky, 1880-1918); drama <em>\u201cViktori ose f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb pushtet\u201d (Victor ou les Enfants au pouvoir<\/em>, 1928<em>)<\/em> e poetit dhe dramaturgut francez <strong>Rozhe Vitrak <\/strong>(Roger Vitrac, 1899-1952).<\/p>\n<p>Pasojn\u00eb dramat <strong>ekspresioniste, futuriste, dadaiste <\/strong>dhe <strong>surrealiste<\/strong>. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb dramat <em>\u201cN\u00eb xhungl\u00ebn e qyteteve\u201d (Im Dickicht der Stade<\/em>, 1923<em>)<\/em> dhe <em>\u201cNjeriu \u00ebsht\u00eb njeri\u201d (Mann ist Mann<\/em>, 1925<em>) <\/em>t\u00eb dramaturgut, poetit dhe tregimtarit gjerman <strong>Bertolt Breht <\/strong>(Bertolt Brecht, 1898-1956).<\/p>\n<p>Shfaqja e dram\u00ebs <em>\u201cK\u00ebng\u00ebtarja tullace\u201d (La Cantratice chauve<\/em>, 1950<em>)<\/em> t\u00eb Joneskos, e dram\u00ebs <em>\u201cInvadimi\u201d<\/em> <em>(L\u2019Inavasion<\/em>, 1950<em>)<\/em> t\u00eb Adamovit dhe e dram\u00ebs <strong><em>\u201cDuke pritur Godon\u00eb\u201d<\/em> <\/strong><em>(En attendant Godot<\/em>, 1952, shfaqur m\u00eb 1953<em>)<\/em> t\u00eb Beketit \u2013 sh\u00ebnon lindjen e <em>dram\u00ebs s\u00eb absurdit<\/em> si drejtim teatror.<\/p>\n<p>E lindur n\u00eb klim\u00ebn e pas luft\u00ebs, <em>drama e absurdit<\/em> i ka rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt n\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e <strong>ekzistencializmit<\/strong>, postulatet thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs v\u00ebrehen te shum\u00eb dramaturg\u00eb: <strong><em>absurditeti i ekzistenc\u00ebs, paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria e vlerave, mungesa e komunikimit, dykuptim\u00ebsia e ndjenjave, gjestet e paarsyeshme dhe mekanike, shnd\u00ebrrimi i gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb formula t\u00eb privuara nga dometh\u00ebnia, tjet\u00ebrsimi <\/em><\/strong>etj. N\u00eb dramat e sip\u00ebrth\u00ebna ndjenja e absurdit shprehet nj\u00ebsoj, si n\u00eb <em>p\u00ebrmbajtjen<\/em> ashtu edhe n\u00eb <em>form\u00ebn<\/em> e dram\u00ebs s\u00eb absurdit, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e sken\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>EKZISTENCIALIZMI <\/strong>\u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtim dhe doktrin\u00eb filozofike q\u00eb pati nj\u00eb jehon\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi dhe n\u00eb art. Ekzistencializmi modern fillon me shkrimtarin dhe filozofin danez <strong>Seren<\/strong> <strong>Kierkegor <\/strong>(Soren Kierkegaard, 1813-1855). Pas tij vijn\u00eb: filozofi gjerman <strong>Martin Hajdeger <\/strong>(Martin Heideger, 1889-1976) dhe filozofi e psikiatri gjermano-zviceran <strong>Karl Jaspers <\/strong>(1883-1969). N\u00eb kuptimin e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs ekzistencialist\u00eb jan\u00eb: romancieri, filozofi, dramaturgu dhe kritiku francez <strong>Zhan-Pol Sartri <\/strong>(Jean-Paul Sartre, 1905-1980), filozofi francez i <em>fenomenologjis\u00eb<\/em> <strong>Merlo-Ponti <\/strong>(Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1908-1961) i ndikuar nga themeluesi i <strong>fenomenologjis\u00eb, <\/strong>filozofi gjerman me prejardhje hebraike, <strong>Edmund Huserl <\/strong>(1859-1938) si dhe nga Martin Hajdegeri. K\u00ebtij grupi i takon edhe romancieri, eseisti dhe dramaturgu francez <strong>Alber Kamy<\/strong> (Albert Camus, 1913-1960).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ROMANI PSIKOLOGJIK <\/strong>\u2013 Ky lloj romani \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrqendruar <em>n\u00eb bot\u00ebn emocionale<\/em> dhe <em>n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e brendshme<\/em> t\u00eb heroit kryesor. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, shpeshher\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb <em>vet\u00ebn e par\u00eb<\/em> <strong>(ich-Form) <\/strong>ose n\u00eb <strong>form\u00ebn epistolare <\/strong>(n\u00eb form\u00eb letrash). N\u00eb romanin e till\u00eb veprimi i n\u00ebnshtrohet p\u00ebrjetimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, motiveve dhe reaksioneve shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb heronjve kryesor\u00eb. Preokupimi me jet\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore dhe emocionale, historikisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlidhur me <strong><em>romanin<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>moralist <\/em><\/strong>t\u00eb klas\u00ebs borgjeze.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb parat <strong><em>romane psikologjike klasike<\/em><\/strong> konsiderohen veprat e prozatorit anglez me arsimim modest <strong>Semjuel Ri\u00e7\u00ebrdson <\/strong>(Samuel Richardson, 1689-1761) <em>\u201cPamela\u201d<\/em> (1740) dhe <em>\u201cKlarisa Harlou\u201d<\/em> <em>(Clarrisa: or The History of a Young Lady<\/em>, 1748-49<em>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Pasojn\u00eb: romani <em>\u201cEloiza e re\u201d<\/em> <em>(Julie ou La Nouvelle <\/em>H\u00e9lo\u00efse 1761<em>)<\/em> i shkrimtarit dhe filozofit francez, pa shkollim sistematik <strong>Zhan-Zhak Ruso<\/strong> (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778); romani <em>\u201cTristram Shendi\u201d<\/em> <em>(The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy<\/em>,<em> Gentleman<\/em>, 1759-67<em>)<\/em> i romancierit anglez t\u00eb shkolluar n\u00eb Cambridge <strong>Lorens Stern <\/strong>(Laurence Sterne, 1713-1768) dhe romani epistolar<em> \u201cVuajtjet e djaloshit Verter\u201d<\/em> <em>(Die Leiden des jungen Werthers,<\/em> 1774<em>)<\/em> i shkrimtarit gjerman <strong>G\u00ebte <\/strong>(Johann Wofgang Goethe, 1749-1832).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto romane bota e brendshme e heroit kryesor mbizot\u00ebron n\u00eb vep\u00ebr dhe shprehet n\u00eb form\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mbizot\u00ebron perspektiva <em>e<\/em> <em>vet\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtimit m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb n\u00eb motivimin e <strong><em>n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes<\/em><\/strong> dhe n\u00eb reaksionet e psik\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore, ky roman arrin n\u00eb shekullin XIX sidomos te romancieri dhe novelisti rus <strong>Dostojevski <\/strong>(Fjodor Mihajlovi\u00e7 Dostojevski, 1821-1881).<\/p>\n<p>Jan\u00eb tipa dhe lloje t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb <em>romanit t\u00eb ri<\/em> n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt <strong><em>psikologjia<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>e irracionales <\/em><\/strong>dhe<strong><em> e n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijes<\/em><\/strong>, shpeshher\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlidhur edhe me <strong>psikanaliz\u00ebn<\/strong>, paraqet baz\u00ebn e tematik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb organizimit formal. K\u00ebshtu lindi <strong>romani i p\u00ebrroit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes <\/strong>dhe <strong>romani i ri<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lindja e k\u00ebtij romani nd\u00ebrlidhet me romanin <em>\u201cAmbasador\u00ebt\u201d<\/em> <em>(The Ambassadors<\/em>, 1903<em>)<\/em> t\u00eb romancierit, novelistit dhe kritikut amerikan <strong>Henri Xhejmz <\/strong>(Henry James, 1843-1916) n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin t\u00ebr\u00eb veprimi \u00ebsht\u00eb dramatizuar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pik\u00ebpamjes unike, d.m.th. \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur p\u00ebrmes <em>nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/em> s\u00eb heroit kryesor dhe transformimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj nd\u00ebrgjegjeje p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs s\u00eb romanit.<\/p>\n<p>Krijues t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb shekullit XX si: romancieri francez <strong>Marsel Prust <\/strong>(Marcel Proust, 1871-1922), poeti dhe prozatori irlandez <strong>Xhejmz Xhojs <\/strong>(James joyce, 1882-1941), prozatorja dhe eseistja angleze, me arsimim joformal <strong>Virxhinia Ulf <\/strong>(Virginia Woolf, 1882-1941), prozatori amerikan <strong>Uillijam Fokner <\/strong>(William Faulkner, 1897-1962) \u2013 me t\u00eb madhe e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe e kan\u00eb zhvilluar <strong><em>teknik\u00ebn e vet\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>, sidomos <strong>monologun e brendsh\u00ebm<\/strong>, si dhe disa m\u00ebnyra dhe mjete t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb paraqitjes s\u00eb vet\u00ebdijes s\u00eb njeriut n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn letrare.<\/p>\n<p>Prosedeun e ri t\u00eb stilit, d.m.th.<strong><em> p\u00ebrroin e nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/em><\/strong> dhe <strong><em>monologun e brendsh\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong> e p\u00ebrdori me mjeshtri prozatori dhe poeti irlandez <strong>Xhejmz<\/strong> <strong>Xhojsi <\/strong>(James Joyce, 1882-1941) n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhjen e novelave <em>\u201cDublinasit\u201d (Dubliners<\/em>, 1914<em>)<\/em> si dhe n\u00eb romanin autobiografik <em>\u201cPortreti i artistit n\u00eb rini\u201d<\/em> <em>(A Portrait of the Artist as a Young, Man<\/em>, 1916<em>).<\/em> Me k\u00ebto dy vepra Xhojsi ua hapi rrug\u00ebt prosedeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb stilit: rrjedhja e pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb e mbresave dhe e asociacioneve n\u00eb vet\u00ebdijen e njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb tem\u00eb kryesore e krijimit artistik.<\/p>\n<p>Nuk kemi fabul as t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr personazhet apo p\u00ebr ngjarjet. Tanim\u00eb nuk synohet paraqitja objektive dhe sa m\u00eb e plot\u00eb e veprimit. Lexuesi i njeh personazhet e vepr\u00ebs drejtp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti nga preokupimet e tyre t\u00eb n\u00ebnvet\u00ebdijshme. Prosedeun e till\u00eb t\u00eb stilit Xhojsi e p\u00ebrdori n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb romanin <em>\u201cUliksi\u201d (Ulysses<\/em>, 1922<em>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mes, interpretimet e <em>jet\u00ebs shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb njeriut<\/em> sipas <strong>psikanaliz\u00ebs <\/strong>s\u00eb neurologut austriak me prejardhje hebraike <strong>Sigmund<\/strong> <strong>Frojdit <\/strong>(Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939), z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb vend fundamental.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ebtu b\u00ebjn\u00eb pes\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e <strong>\u201cROMANIT T\u00cb RI\u201d <em>(NOUVEAU ROMAN)<\/em><\/strong>. Kjo shkoll\u00eb e romanit lindi n\u00eb Franc\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX. Paraqet form\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb <strong>romanit psikologjik <\/strong>evropian m\u00eb t\u00eb ri. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e <strong>\u201cromanit t\u00eb ri\u201d <\/strong>\u00a0p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn teknik\u00ebn e <strong>p\u00ebrroit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjes<\/strong> dhe aktualizuan konceptin <strong>kafkian <\/strong>p\u00ebr njeriun si nj\u00eb qenie e send\u00ebrzuar. Duke i lidhur k\u00ebto elemente me p\u00ebrjetimin vetanak t\u00eb historis\u00eb moderne dhe t\u00eb njeriut, krijojn\u00eb bot\u00ebn\u00a0 e vet artistike t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb <strong>\u201cromanit t\u00eb ri\u201d <\/strong>jan\u00eb: prozatorja, eseistja dhe dramaturgia franceze me prejardhje ruse <strong>Natali Sarot <\/strong>(1902-1999), romancieri dhe eseisti francez <strong>Alen Rob-Grije <\/strong>(Alain Robbe-Grillet, 1922-2008), romancieri dhe dramaturgu irlandez, kryesisht i shprehjes franceze <strong>Semjuel Beket<\/strong> (Samuel Becket, 1906-1989), romancieri, poeti dhe eseisti francez <strong>Mishel Bytor <\/strong>(Michel Butor, 1926-2016), prozatorja franceze e lindur dhe e rritur n\u00eb kolonin\u00eb franceze af\u00ebr Sajgonit (Ho-Shi-Minn) <strong>Margaret Dura<\/strong> (Marguerite Duras, 1914-1996) dhe romancieri francezi i cili studioi n\u00eb Paris, Oxford dhe Cambridge <strong>Klod Simon <\/strong>(Claude Simon, 1913-2005). Viti 1953 merret si vit i lindjes s\u00eb <strong>\u201cromanit t\u00eb ri\u201d<\/strong>, kur u botua <em>\u201cGomat\u201d (Les Gommes<\/em>, 1953<em>)<\/em> i Rob-Grijes\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb roman teoricieni i let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, filozofi, kritiku dhe semiotiku francez <strong>Rolan Bart\u00a0 <\/strong>(Roland Barthes, 1915-1980) shkroi me entuziaz\u00ebm n\u00eb revist\u00ebn <em>Critique <\/em>t\u00eb Parisit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xhelal Zejneli Antidrama ose drama e absurdit \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtim n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb dramatike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb dram\u00ebs s\u00eb absurdit ishin dramaturgu francez me prejardhje rumune Ezhen Jonesko (Eug\u00e9ne Ionesco, 1912-1994), romancieri dhe dramaturgu irlandez Semjuel Bekei (Samuel Beckett, 1906-1989), dramaturgu francez me prejardhje armene Artur Adamov [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ANTIDRAMA - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/antidrama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ANTIDRAMA - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Antidrama ose drama e absurdit \u00ebsht\u00eb drejtim n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb dramatike q\u00eb u paraqit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201950 t\u00eb shekullit XX. 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