{"id":65358,"date":"2021-03-09T16:56:17","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T15:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=65358"},"modified":"2021-03-09T22:06:17","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T21:06:17","slug":"dita-nderkombetare-e-grave-8-marsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/dita-nderkombetare-e-grave-8-marsi\/","title":{"rendered":"DITA ND\u00cbRKOMB\u00cbTARE E GRAVE\u00a0\u201e8 Marsi\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Xhelal Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllakat p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave, t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 8 mars 1914 shkruan:<\/p>\n

\u201eK\u00ebndej, me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e femr\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. Dita e grave, 8 marsi 1914. Grave, t\u00eb cilat si pun\u00ebtore, n\u00ebna dhe qytetare e plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb detyr\u00ebn e vet, t\u00eb cilat tatimet e veta duhet t’ia paguajn\u00eb, si shtetit ashtu edhe komun\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb paragjykimeve dhe q\u00ebndrimeve reaksionare, u mohohen shum\u00eb t\u00eb drejta qytetare. Lufta p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb natyrshme t\u00eb njeriut duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me vullnetin e fort\u00eb, t\u00eb pal\u00ebkundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u00e7do femre, t\u00eb \u00e7do pun\u00ebtoreje. Kjo luft\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet apo t\u00eb ndalet n\u00eb asnj\u00eb \u00e7ast. Prandaj ejani t\u00eb gjitha, ju grat\u00eb dhe vajzat, t\u00eb diel\u00ebn m\u00eb 8 mars 1913, n\u00eb or\u00ebn 3 pasdite, n\u00eb tubimin e 9-t\u00eb publik t\u00eb grave\u201c.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Dita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e grave, n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme sh\u00ebnohet n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dat\u00eb me shtrirje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

Qarqe t\u00eb caktuara konsiderojn\u00eb se kjo dit\u00eb ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e vet\u00ebdijes qytetare, p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e grave dhe t\u00eb vajzave, p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e antiseksizmit dhe p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn e diskriminimit pozitiv. Kjo dit\u00eb festohet nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, m\u00eb 8 mars.<\/p>\n

Me Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave (Dit\u00ebn e grave) nd\u00ebrlidhen edhe festat: Dita universale e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, Dita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e meshkujve dhe Dita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Grave <\/strong>(shkurtimisht Dita e grave) <\/strong>sh\u00ebnohet m\u00eb 8 mars t\u00eb \u00e7do viti. At\u00eb dit\u00eb festohen arritjet ekonomike, politike dhe shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb gjinis\u00eb fem\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Lindi si nism\u00eb e organizatave socialiste n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn para Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore n\u00eb luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr barazi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vote si dhe p\u00ebr emancipimin e femrave.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Dita e grave<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar m\u00eb 28 shkurt 1909 n\u00eb ShBA, me deklarat\u00ebn q\u00eb e nxori Partia Socialiste e Amerik\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr ngjarjet historike t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, me t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohet edhe zjarri n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn Triangle Shirtwaist n\u00eb Nju-Jork (New York) n\u00eb vitin 1911, me \u00e7’rast humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn mbi 140 gra.<\/p>\n

Pasqyra historike <\/strong>– Figura t\u00eb njohura q\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhen me Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave jan\u00eb Klara Cetkin<\/strong> (Clara Zetkin) dhe komunistja gjermane Roza Luksemburg<\/strong> (Rosa Luxemburg, 1871-1919).<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Lindi n\u00eb vitin 1871 si Rozalia Luksemburg n\u00eb Zamoshq af\u00ebr Lublinit, n\u00eb Poloni, n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje hebraike<\/em><\/strong>. U vra n\u00eb Berlin m\u00eb 1919. Ishte shtetase gjermane. \u00cbsht\u00eb teoriciene e marksizmit dhe e socializmit demokrat, teoriciene e Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb von\u00eb e Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate t\u00eb Pavarur t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb. Roza Luksemburg, Karl Libkneht <\/strong>(Karl Liebknecht) dhe Franc Mering <\/strong>(Franz Mehring) themeluan n\u00eb Gjermani organizat\u00ebn komuniste ilegale – Lidhja Spartakus (Lidhjes Spartakiste).<\/p>\n

Nga ky grup marksist revolucionar-demokratik nga i cili lindi Partia Komuniste Gjermane. Roza Lukssemburgu mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb revolucionin e pasuksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb Berlin, n\u00eb janar t\u00eb vitit 1919. Kryengritja filloi p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr mospajtimit t\u00eb Roza Luksemburgut. Protesta u shua nga mbetjet e ushtris\u00eb monarkiste dhe nga formacionet paraushtarake djathtiste, frajkor\u00ebve. Roza Luksemburgu, Karl Libknehti dhe qindra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb u zun\u00eb, u torturuan dhe u vran\u00eb. Teoria revolucionare e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e marksizmit dhe e socializmit demokratik \u2013 luksemburgiz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>, buron nga emri i saj.<\/p>\n

Karl Libkneht <\/strong>(Karl Paul August Friedrich Liebknecht, 1871-1919) studioi drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb. Ishte eksponent i ideve marksiste, bashk\u00ebmendimtar dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor i Roza Luksemburgut<\/strong> dhe i Franc Meringut<\/strong>. \u00cbsht\u00eb i Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr themeluesit e Partis\u00eb Komuniste Gjermane. U ekzekutua pas revolucionit t\u00eb pasuksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb Berlin.<\/p>\n

Franc Mering <\/strong>(Franz Erdmann Mehring; Slawno, Poloni, 1846 \u2013 Berlin, 28.01.1919) lindi n\u00eb Poloni. \u00cbsht\u00eb revolucionr gjerman, marksist, gazetar radikal, historian dhe politikan, i Partis\u00eb Socialdemokrate t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ideja p\u00ebr sh\u00ebnimin e Dit\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave lindi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XX, n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e industrializimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ekspansionit ekonomik kur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda pune, shpesh organizoheshin protesta. M\u00eb 8 mars t\u00eb vitit 1857, femrat e pun\u00ebsuara n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e veshjeve<\/em><\/strong> dhe t\u00eb tekstilit<\/em><\/strong> demonstruan publikisht n\u00eb Nju-Jork (New York). Pun\u00ebtoret e e tekstilit protestonin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe pagave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Demonstratat i shp\u00ebrndau policia<\/em><\/strong>. Dy muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, po k\u00ebto femra themeluan edhe sindikat\u00ebn<\/em><\/strong>. M\u00eb 8 mars, protesta organizoheshin edhe n\u00eb vitet vijuese. M\u00eb e njuhur prej tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb protesta e vitit 1908, kur 15.000 femra marshuan n\u00eb Nju-Jork duke k\u00ebrkuar orar pune m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, paga m\u00eb t\u00eb mira dhe t\u00eb drejt\u00eb vote.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1910 u mbajt n\u00eb Kopenhag\u00eb konferenca e par\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e grave. Kjo konferenc\u00eb u organizua nga Internacionalja Socialiste<\/strong>. Me propozimin e socialistes s\u00eb famshme gjermane Klara Cetkin* <\/strong>(Clara Zetkin) u caktua \u201eDita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e grave\u201c.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong> – Klara Cetkin<\/strong>, mbiemri i vajz\u00ebris\u00eb Ajzner (Clara Zetkin, Ei\u00dfner, <\/em>Viderau, Gjermani, 1957 \u2013 Arhangelskoje, Bashkimi Sovjetik, 1933) ishte politikane majtiste gjermane me ndikim dhe luft\u00ebtare e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb grave. Bashk\u00ebmendimtare e Roza Luksemburgut<\/strong>. E mori mbiemrin e partnerit t\u00eb saj, revolucionarit rus Osip Cetkin <\/strong>(Odes\u00eb, Ossip Zetkin, 1850 \u2013 Paris, 1889). Ishte aktive n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Socialdemokrate t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb (SPD). M\u00eb von\u00eb hyri n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Socialdemokreate t\u00eb Pavarur t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb (USPD) dhe i p\u00ebrkiste krahut ekstrem t\u00eb majt\u00eb t\u00eb saj – Lidhjes Spartakiste nga e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb lindi Partia Komuniste Gjermane (KPD). Gjat\u00eb republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Vajmarit, n\u00eb vitet 1920-1933 ishte deputete popullore n\u00eb Rajhstag. U shkollua p\u00ebr arsimtare. Prej vitit 1874 u lidh me l\u00ebvizjen e grave dhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve n\u00eb Gjermani. M\u00eb 8 mars 1911 organizoi t\u00eb parin kremtim t\u00eb Dit\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave. N\u00eb vitin 1920 intervistoi V. I. Leninin <\/strong>p\u00ebr \u201c\u00e7\u00ebshtjen e femr\u00ebs\u201d. Vdiq n\u00eb Arhangelskoje t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik. U varros n\u00eb muret e Kremlit n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, d.m.th. m\u00eb 1911, Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave e festuan mbi nj\u00eb milion njer\u00ebz n\u00eb Austri, n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb, n\u00eb Gjermani dhe n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto njgarje p\u00ebrkonin me zjarrin n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn Triangle Shirtwaist n\u00eb Nju-Jork, me \u00e7’rast, p\u00ebr munges\u00eb masash p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb siguris\u00eb pati num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh viktimash.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, m\u00eb 8 mars 1913, femrat e mbar\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn organizuan demondtrata paqeje.<\/p>\n

Demonstarat me rastin e Dit\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave n\u00eb Rusi ishin hap i par\u00eb i revolucionit rus. Pas revolucionit t\u00eb tetorit, revolucionarja dhe feministja bolshevike ruse, teoricienia e markizmit Aleksandra Kolontaj <\/strong>i k\u00ebrkoi Vladimir Ili\u00e7 Lenininit<\/strong> (1870-1924) q\u00eb 8 marsi t\u00eb shpallet fest\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs sovjetike kjo dat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar \u201eheroizmin e pun\u00ebtoreve\u201c.<\/p>\n

Por, n\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete komuniste kjo fest\u00eb e humbi baz\u00ebn e vet ideologjike dhe u shnd\u00ebrua n\u00eb rast p\u00ebr meshkujt p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur dashurin\u00eb dhe respektin ndaj pjes\u00ebtareve t\u00eb gjinis\u00eb s\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, duke sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb shtetet per\u00ebndimore si amalgam\u00eb tipike e Dit\u00eb s\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs <\/strong>dhe e Dit\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Valentinit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Dita e grave n\u00eb \u00c7ekosllovaki, gjat\u00eb regjimit komunist u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb parodi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb pas revolucionit t\u00eb plisht\u00eb<\/strong>, u hoq. N\u00eb Hungari nd\u00ebrkaq, tradita p\u00ebr t’u dhuruar\u00a0 lule femrave, u ruajt edhe pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb komunizmit.<\/p>\n

Dita e grave sot <\/strong>– N\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete, femrave sot, krahas urimit zakonisht u dhurohet edhe lule. Simbol i Dit\u00ebs s\u00eb grave n\u00eb Itali \u00ebsht\u00eb mimoza<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dita nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e grave n\u00eb bot\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore kryesisht pushoi t\u00eb sh\u00ebnohet n\u00eb vitet ’30 t\u00eb shekullit XX, pjes\u00ebrisht edhe p\u00ebr faktin se e nd\u00ebrlidhnin me komunizmin<\/strong>. N\u00eb k\u00ebto vende, \u00e7do t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn jav\u00eb t\u00eb muajit maj, sh\u00ebnohet Dita e n\u00ebn\u00ebs<\/strong> p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb t\u00eb qenit n\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dita e grave ka mbetur fest\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb Rusi, n\u00eb Bjellorusi, n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, n\u00eb Kazakistan, n\u00eb Kirgistan, n\u00eb Moldavi, n\u00eb Mongoli dhe n\u00eb Taxhkikistan. Sh\u00ebnohet me lule dhe me dhurata.<\/p>\n

Por. n\u00eb vitet ’60 t\u00eb shekullit XX feministet <\/em><\/strong>p\u00ebrs\u00ebri filluan ta festojn\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1975 q\u00eb u shpall si Vit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i gruas, Kombet e Bashkuara, Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave filluan ta festojn\u00eb zyrtarisht.<\/p>\n

Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave sot e festojn\u00eb shum\u00eb organizata n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Disa organizata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat kjo dit\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fest\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e till\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Xhelal Zejneli N\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllakat p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave, t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 8 mars 1914 shkruan: \u201eK\u00ebndej, me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e femr\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. Dita e grave, 8 marsi 1914. Grave, t\u00eb cilat si pun\u00ebtore, n\u00ebna dhe qytetare e plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb detyr\u00ebn e vet, t\u00eb cilat tatimet e veta duhet t’ia paguajn\u00eb, si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nDITA ND\u00cbRKOMB\u00cbTARE E GRAVE\u00a0\u201e8 Marsi\u201c - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/dita-nderkombetare-e-grave-8-marsi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DITA ND\u00cbRKOMB\u00cbTARE E GRAVE\u00a0\u201e8 Marsi\u201c - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli N\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllakat p\u00ebr Dit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb grave, t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 8 mars 1914 shkruan: \u201eK\u00ebndej, me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e femr\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb votuar. Dita e grave, 8 marsi 1914. 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Dita e grave, 8 marsi 1914. 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