{"id":66870,"date":"2021-04-16T03:06:20","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T02:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=66870"},"modified":"2021-04-16T03:14:20","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T02:14:20","slug":"flet-nobelisti-mario-vargas-llosa-nje-mendim-politik-nje-pasion-i-lindur-ne-vitet-e-thatcher","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/flet-nobelisti-mario-vargas-llosa-nje-mendim-politik-nje-pasion-i-lindur-ne-vitet-e-thatcher\/","title":{"rendered":"Flet nobelisti Mario Vargas Llosa: Nj\u00eb mendim politik, nj\u00eb pasion i lindur n\u00eb vitet e Thatcher"},"content":{"rendered":"

Liberal nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb e keqe<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti ARMIN TIRANA<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Tek \u201cLe Poisson dans l\u2019eau\u201d, ju keni rr\u00ebfyer episode t\u00eb jet\u00eb tuaj. \u201cL\u2019Appel de la tribu\u201d, i konsakruar n\u00eb shtat\u00eb gene t\u00eb mendimit liberal t\u00eb adhuruar nga ju, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb antologji sesa nj\u00eb autobiografi. Pse keni zgjedhur k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb v\u00ebllim t\u00eb dyt\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cE kisha shum\u00eb merak t\u00eb shkruaja deri n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb pike mendimi liberal \u00ebsht\u00eb i dashur p\u00ebr mua. Kur jam larguar nga Parisi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar t\u00eb vendosesha n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, un\u00eb jetoja n\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjimin e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs time politike. Kisha qen\u00eb socialist, komunist, kastrist. Evolucioni i Kub\u00ebs dhe m\u00eb pas vizita ime n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik m\u00eb kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyer nga marksizmi dhe jam b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebs i zjarrt\u00eb i demokracis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por kam qen\u00eb duke jetuar n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr q\u00eb kam aderuar n\u00eb liberaliz\u00ebm, kur zonja Thatcher drejtonte qeverin\u00eb. Ajo q\u00eb ka ndodhur m\u00eb ka entuziazmuar. Kam nisur t\u00eb lexoj dhe studioj mendimtar\u00ebt liberal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt flas n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr. Kam dashur t\u00eb l\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb k\u00ebtij evolucioni. Ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash, Franca ka evoluar n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb mia n\u00eb Paris, mendimi dominohej nga idet\u00eb e majta. Sot ka shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak intoleranca kundrejt nj\u00eb mendimi jognosist. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, nj\u00eb njeri si Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel ishte margjinalizuar krejt\u00ebsisht, sikur t\u00eb kishim t\u00eb b\u00ebnim me nj\u00eb gazetar t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Kurse tani pranohet si mendimtar origjinal dhe cil\u00ebsor. Vet\u00ebm Raymond Aron kishte nj\u00eb \u00e7ik\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb. N\u00eb Paris, pavar\u00ebsisht se isha socialist, e blija \u201cLe Figaro\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar artikujt e tij. Sikur n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrqafuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb ky mendim liberal, Franca sot do t\u00eb kishte m\u00eb pak probleme!\u201d.<\/p>\n

– Titulli i v\u00ebllimit tuaj, \u201cL\u2019Appel de la tribu\u201d, i referohet denoncimit t\u00eb \u201ctribalizmit\u201d nga ana e s\u00ebr Karl Popper, teoricien i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb hapur. \u00cbsht\u00eb s\u00ebrish e ndjeshme epoka jon\u00eb ndaj k\u00ebtij apeli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cFatkeq\u00ebsisht, po. Kjo shpjegon pak a shum\u00eb kudo shfaqjen e l\u00ebvizjeve nacionaliste. Nacionalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb ideja e trib\u00f9s\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fantazi. Nuk ka ekzistuar kurr\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn q\u00eb evokojn\u00eb nacionalist\u00ebt: nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri p\u00ebrsosshm\u00ebrisht e integruar, ku flitet e nj\u00ebjta gjuh\u00eb dhe
\nku besohet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin zot. Sipas antropologjis\u00eb, trib\u00f9ja ishte nj\u00eb bot\u00eb terrori dhe dhun\u00eb. Ata q\u00eb propagandojn\u00eb nacionalizmin fantazojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer, nj\u00eblloj si komunist\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb bot\u00eb ku dominuesi do t\u00eb ishte i barabart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. Kjo nuk ka ekzistuar kurr\u00eb dhe nuk do t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb kurr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Moderimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i papajtuesh\u00ebm me nacionalizmin. N\u00ebqoft\u00ebse shkohet m\u00eb n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ideje, shfaqet dhuna. \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nacionalizmi? \u00cbsht\u00eb ideja raciste sipas t\u00eb cil\u00ebt t\u00eb lindurit n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb caktuar \u00ebsht\u00eb privilegj. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb idiot\u00ebsi q\u00eb nuk ka asnj\u00eb lloj justifikimi, as historik, as moral, as filozofik. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndeshje e humbur, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb akt besimi. Ve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerash, kjo rizhytje \u00ebsht\u00eb e habitshme, pasi ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb ku mund t\u00eb mendohet se nacionalizmi \u00ebsht\u00eb eliminuar nga historia, si n\u00eb rastin e komunizmit.<\/p>\n

Nacionalizmi ka qen\u00eb shkaku i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Ka shkaktuar miliona viktima, e megjithat\u00eb ja ku rishfaqet. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb deformim, por n\u00eb thelb nuk mendoj se do t\u2019ia dal\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb i mish\u00ebruar nga pakica shum\u00eb aktive dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb dhunshme. E ardhmja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb e sh\u00ebnuar. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jesh i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr rreziku q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson. Mendoj sidomos p\u00ebr rrezikon q\u00eb i kanoset Bashkimit Europian. Do t\u00eb ishte katastrof\u00eb n\u00ebse ky i fundit do t\u2019ia linte Kin\u00ebs dhe Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e ndarjes s\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Europa \u00ebsht\u00eb liria dhe demokracia, q\u00eb ka lindur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontinent\u201d.<\/p>\n

– Pse fjala liberal<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq e denigruar n\u00eb Franc\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb e keqe thuajse kudo! Shoq\u00ebrohet me termin reaksionar. E majta ka qen\u00eb e aft\u00eb t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb antitrupa. I ka p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar sulmet e saj kund\u00ebr liberalizmit, sepse ka par\u00eb tek ai nj\u00eb armik. E megjithat\u00eb\u00eb, liberalizmi ka qen\u00eb motori i demokracis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb fal\u00eb tij q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb rinovuar, duke krijuar sindikatat, duke pranuar reformat sociale dhe duke e shtyr\u00eb kapitalizmin drejt nj\u00eb forme progresizmi. Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb mendimi i vet\u00ebm politik i mbetur n\u00eb panoram\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n

Gjendet i konfrontuar me populizmin q\u00eb ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar komunizmin. Por nuk mendoj se populizmi ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb madhe. E kemi par\u00eb me at\u00eb q\u00eb i ka ndodhur Trump: nj\u00eb lloj iluzioni q\u00eb nuk zgjat\u201d.<\/p>\n

– Shum\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se populizmi ka lindur nga teprimet e kapitalizmit financiar dhe nga globalizimi pa rregullim. K\u00ebto transformime kan\u00eb ndodhur me Margaret Thatcher dhe Ronald Reagan, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ju i thurni elozhe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb librin tuaj\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cAjo q\u00eb Margaret Thatcher ka realizuar n\u00eb Angli ka qen\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme. Kur kam arritur aty, ishte nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb dekadenc\u00eb, pa dinamiz\u00ebm dhe pa shpirt iniciative. Ajo ka arritur t\u00eb ngrej\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend dhe ta b\u00ebj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb se ajo gjermane n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Kam qen\u00eb d\u00ebshmitari i k\u00ebtij transformimit\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm. Lidhur me pyetjen tuaj p\u00ebr kapitalizmin aktual, ju p\u00ebrgjigjem se liberal\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik\u00eb me vet\u00ebveten. Duhet t\u00eb mos u besojn\u00eb ekstremist\u00ebt e kampit t\u00eb tyre, q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr tregun dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb bindur se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhja p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. Ideja e liberalizmit e ruan t\u00eb gjith\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj, por duhet p\u00ebrshtatur
\npolitike me realitetin, duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb pragmatike. Mendimtar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj liberal\u00eb q\u00eb paraqes n\u00eb librin tim nuk thon\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme nga kjo: praktikojn\u00eb artin e s\u00eb mundshmes. Asnj\u00eb prej tyre nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fanatik i tregut. Mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e kapitalizmit financiar t\u00eb dit\u00ebve tona nuk jan\u00eb miq, por armiq t\u00eb liberalizmit q\u00eb do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohej modeli demokratik\u201d.<\/p>\n

– Papa Fran\u00e7esku \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik kundrejt kapitalizmit. Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb opinioni juaj lidhur me pap\u00ebn latinoamerikan?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cAjo q\u00eb po ndodh n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante. Nuk ka m\u00eb asnj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb ushtarake, ama mbesin diktaturat ideologjike \u2013 Kuba, Venezuela, Nikaragua. N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr ka qeveri t\u00eb zgjedhura. Shpesh popujt votojn\u00eb keq, zgjedhin opsionet m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, por ama e b\u00ebjn\u00eb lirisht. Zhdukja e diktaturave mbetet nj\u00eb progres. Ushtarak\u00ebt kishin krijuar nacionalizma qesharak\u00eb. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur edhe luft\u00ebtari q\u00eb del n\u00eb mal me nj\u00eb pushk\u00eb m\u00eb krah n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb idealit komunist.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Pap\u00ebs, ai drejton nj\u00eb katoliciz\u00ebm latinoamerikan n\u00eb kriz\u00eb, q\u00eb humbet terren, po tenton ta rifitoj\u00eb at\u00eb. Ama p\u00ebr ta fituar, po u jep t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kemi luftuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb demokracis\u00eb dhe liris\u00eb. Papa Fran\u00e7esku \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb peronist. N\u00eb vitin 2021, Peroni \u00ebsht\u00eb anakronik. Peronizmi ka shkat\u00ebrruar Argjentin\u00ebn, q\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb vend i p\u00ebrparuar dhe i pasur. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb t\u00eb rimarr\u00ebsh sot tez\u00ebn e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7menduri\u201d.<\/p>\n

– Autori q\u00eb ju vini n\u00eb pah n\u00eb lib\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb Adam Smith, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se nj\u00eb ekonomist si\u00e7 klasifikohet shpesh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cIshte nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb besonte tek kultura. Ishte i bindur se ajo duhet t\u00eb ushqente institucionet demokratike. Nuk ishte ideolog. E shihte veten si profesor moral. N\u00ebse ekziston nj\u00eb profesor fleksib\u00ebl dhe i moderuar, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht Adam Smith. Nuk ka dashur kurr\u00eb t\u2019i imponoj\u00eb di\u00e7ka shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb, idet\u00eb liberale duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtateshin me realitetin dhe jo e kund\u00ebrta. Ta b\u00ebsh at\u00eb armik t\u00eb progresit, si\u00e7 d\u00ebgjon t\u00eb thuhet nga ndonj\u00eb an\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht\u00eb groteske! E kishte merak shum\u00eb barazin\u00eb e mund\u00ebsive dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha kishte merak lirin\u00eb, si thelbin e organizimit shoq\u00ebror. Sikur t\u00eb kishim ndjekur th\u00ebniet e Adam Smith, nuk do t\u00eb ishte krijuar kurr\u00eb gulagu\u201d.<\/p>\n

– I sulmuar si nga e majta, ashtu edhe nga e djathta, si mund t\u00eb ruhet sipas jush e ardhmja e liberalizmit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u201cDuhen bindur t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb politik\u00eb. Sot m\u00eb brilant\u00ebt dhe ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb formimet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira e urrejn\u00eb politik\u00ebn. Preferojn\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrkushtohen krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb biznesi, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb shum\u00eb pozitive, ama nuk duhet p\u00ebr\u00e7muar jeta publike. Duhet t\u2019u tregojm\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve se politika mund t\u2019i ndryshoj\u00eb gj\u00ebrat, se mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb mrekulli. Duhet t\u2019i bindim edhe ta mbrojn\u00eb lirin\u00eb, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb e brisht\u00eb.\u00a0Institucionet demokratike jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak ekzaltuese krahasuar me revolucionin, por impenjimi n\u00eb k\u00ebto institucione p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb projekt m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm\u201d.<\/p>\n

(Nobel p\u00ebr Let\u00ebrsin\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2010, n\u00eb pragun e 85 vjetorit t\u00eb tij, shkrimtari peruan Mario Vargas Llosa<\/strong> ka vendosur q\u00eb t\u00eb hartoj\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj testamenti politiko \u2013 filozofik: \u201cL\u2019Appel de la tribu\u201d. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb bashk\u00ebbisedim me \u201cFigaro-Magazine\u201d<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Marr\u00eb nga Nacional<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Liberal nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb e keqe P\u00ebrgatiti ARMIN TIRANA – Tek \u201cLe Poisson dans l\u2019eau\u201d, ju keni rr\u00ebfyer episode t\u00eb jet\u00eb tuaj. \u201cL\u2019Appel de la tribu\u201d, i konsakruar n\u00eb shtat\u00eb gene t\u00eb mendimit liberal t\u00eb adhuruar nga ju, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb antologji sesa nj\u00eb autobiografi. Pse keni zgjedhur k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb v\u00ebllim t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-intervista","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nFlet nobelisti Mario Vargas Llosa: Nj\u00eb mendim politik, nj\u00eb pasion i lindur n\u00eb vitet e Thatcher - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/flet-nobelisti-mario-vargas-llosa-nje-mendim-politik-nje-pasion-i-lindur-ne-vitet-e-thatcher\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flet nobelisti Mario Vargas Llosa: Nj\u00eb mendim politik, nj\u00eb pasion i lindur n\u00eb vitet e Thatcher - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Liberal nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u00eb e keqe P\u00ebrgatiti ARMIN TIRANA – Tek \u201cLe Poisson dans l\u2019eau\u201d, ju keni rr\u00ebfyer episode t\u00eb jet\u00eb tuaj. \u201cL\u2019Appel de la tribu\u201d, i konsakruar n\u00eb shtat\u00eb gene t\u00eb mendimit liberal t\u00eb adhuruar nga ju, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb nj\u00eb antologji sesa nj\u00eb autobiografi. 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