{"id":67192,"date":"2021-04-19T17:15:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T16:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=67192"},"modified":"2021-04-19T17:15:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T16:15:35","slug":"perfshirja-e-nato-s-ne-konfliktet-ne-ish-jugosllavi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/perfshirja-e-nato-s-ne-konfliktet-ne-ish-jugosllavi\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrfshirja e NATO-s, n\u00eb konfliktet n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sk\u00ebnder Skender Jashari<\/strong><\/p>\n

NATO e formuar n\u00eb Traktatin e Atlantikut Verior, m\u00eb 4 prill 1949, \u00ebsht\u00eb sistem i mbrojtjes kolektive, nga sulmi i armatosur kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb a m\u00eb shum\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij traktati konsiderohet si sulm kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjithve dhe p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb bashkarisht dhe individualisht edhe me p\u00ebrdorimin e forc\u00ebs s\u00eb armatosur p\u00ebr ta rikthy dhe mbrojt sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e Atlantikut Verior.[1]<\/a> Kund\u00ebr NATO-s, ishte Pakti i Varshav\u00ebs, e q\u00eb NATO gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, nuk nd\u00ebrmori asnj\u00eb operacion ushtarak, edhe pse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb kishim Paktin e Varshav\u00ebs, q\u00eb kishte kryer disa invazione kund\u00ebr disa vendeve joan\u00ebtare t\u00eb NATO-s, si ndaj Polonis\u00eb m\u00eb 1956, pastaj m\u00eb 1968 kund\u00ebr \u00c7eko-sllovakis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb II Bot\u00ebrore, ka pasur rreth 1200 konflike, e q\u00eb NATO, nd\u00ebrhy n\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, Bosnj\u00ebs, por jo edhe n\u00eb rastet e Burmas, Kamboxhias, \u00c7e\u00e7enis\u00eb, Kongos, luft\u00ebs Iran-Irak, Liberis\u00eb, Libanit, Somalis\u00eb etj.[2]<\/a> Derisa n\u00eb k\u00ebto konflikte t\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb II Bot\u00ebrore deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, kan\u00eb ndodhur mbi 75% e vdekjeve.[3]<\/a> Kurse SHBA, kishte nd\u00ebrhy n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 240 raste e q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kalonte n\u00eb total 300 raste, p\u00ebrpara Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nga veprimet demonstrative e deri tek luft\u00ebrat e m\u00ebdha. Nd\u00ebrkaq SHBA pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb n\u00eb 36 raste ka d\u00ebrguar misione paq\u00ebruajt\u00ebse, kurse prej Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb II Bot\u00ebrore deri n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Ftoht\u00eb kishte d\u00ebrguar 10 her\u00eb.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo vet\u00ebm pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, u pa nevoja q\u00eb NATO, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb rastet kur d\u00ebshton diplomacia, me q\u00ebllim t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs,[5]<\/a> e q\u00eb skeptik\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb e shohin dhe e cil\u00ebsojn\u00eb si kalim nga opsioni plot\u00ebsisht defanziv, n\u00eb opsion proaktiv a edhe ofenziv. Pas presionit t\u00eb publikut, OKB k\u00ebrkoi nga NATO, q\u00eb t\u00eb intervenonte, n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Bosnj\u00ebs, pas dyshimeve p\u00ebr kryerje t\u00eb krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr civil\u00ebve.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb konfliktin e Bosnj\u00ebs, NATO b\u00ebri p\u00ebrpjekjet e para p\u00ebr dh\u00ebnijen fund t\u00eb trazirave, e q\u00eb kulminoi me kampanj\u00ebn e par\u00eb ajrore m\u00eb 1995, n\u00eb Opracionin \u201cDeliberate Force\u201d, pasi ushtria e t\u00eb vet\u00ebquajtur\u00ebs \u201crepublika srpska\u201d kishte k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar dhe sulmuar zonat e sigurta t\u00eb caktuara nga OKB, n\u00eb Srebrenic\u00eb dhe Markala, pastaj n\u00eb granatimin e tregut t\u00eb Sarajev\u00ebs, m\u00eb 28 gusht 1995.[7]<\/a> K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs humanitare n\u00eb Bosnje, miratoi rezolut\u00ebn 743 m\u00eb 21 shkurt 1992, q\u00eb krijoi UNPROFOR-in, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur popullat\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb ndihma humanitare n\u00eb Bosnje.<\/p>\n

Pastaj m\u00eb 9 tetor 1992, miratoi rezolut\u00ebn 781, p\u00ebr ndalimin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs ajrore t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs e cila monitorohej nga NATO, n\u00eb Operacionin \u201cSky Monitor\u201d, e n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin rast njihet si p\u00ebrfshirja e par\u00eb e NATO-s, n\u00eb operacione\u00a0 t\u00eb tilla. Pas 500 shkeljeve t\u00eb dokumentuara m\u00eb 31 mars 1993, K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit miratoi rezolut\u00ebn 816, q\u00eb NATO filloi Operacionin \u201cDeny Flight\u201d. Forcat serbe, vazhduan t\u00eb sulmonin \u201czonat e sigurta\u201d t\u00eb caktuara nga OKB, e t\u00eb siguruara nga UNPROFOR, e q\u00eb me rezolut\u00ebn 836 t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, kishin t\u00eb drejt\u00eb q\u00eb UNPROFOR, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte forc\u00ebn ushtarake p\u00ebr t\u2019i mbrojtur k\u00ebto zona.[8]<\/a> Pastaj Operacioni \u201cSharp Guard\u201d q\u00eb bllokonte detin Adriatik p\u00ebr anijet Jugosllave.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 6 shkurt 1994, pas masakr\u00ebs s\u00eb Markales, sekretari i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i OKB-s\u00eb, k\u00ebrkoi formalisht nga NATO, q\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb kryente sulme ajrore kund\u00ebr forcave serbe t\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebquajtur\u00ebs \u201crepublika srpska\u201d,[9]<\/a> e qe m\u00eb 9 shkurt filluan sulmet aj\u00ebrore kund\u00ebr pozicioneve t\u00eb artileris\u00eb dhe mortajave p\u00ebr rreth Sarajev\u00ebs,[10]<\/a> e q\u00eb vet\u00ebm grek\u00ebt nuk i mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn sulmet ajrore, por nuk p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn veto.[11]<\/a> N\u00eb incidentin e Banja Lluk\u00ebs, m\u00eb 28 shkurt 1994, avioni amerikan n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb NATO-s, duke p\u00ebrmbushur Operacionin \u201cDeny Flight\u201d rr\u00ebzoi 4 avion serb, prej 6 sa kishin bombarduar nj\u00eb fabrik\u00eb boshnjake.[12]<\/a> Derisa burimet serbe theksojn\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar 5 nga 6 avion\u00ebt e tyre n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb incident, e q\u00eb ky incident ishte i pari rast n\u00eb historin\u00eb e NATO-s, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb luftime.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 12 mars 1994, UNPROFOR, kishte k\u00ebrkuar nga NATO mb\u00ebshtetje ajrore nga af\u00ebr, por q\u00eb shkaku i procesit t\u00eb aprovimit, kjo i ishte vonuar.[14]<\/a> M\u00eb 10 dhe 11 prill 1994, UNPROFOR, k\u00ebrkon sulme ajrore p\u00ebr ta mbrojtur \u201czon\u00ebn e sigurt\u00eb t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb\u201d Gorazhde-n, e q\u00eb dy avion amerikan F-16, i kishin bombardu postet e komand\u00ebs s\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Gorazhde-s.[15]<\/a> Ky rast \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari n\u00eb historin\u00eb e NATO-s, q\u00eb avion\u00ebt e saj bombarduan caqe tok\u00ebsore.[16]<\/a> P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb serb\u00ebt e Bosnj\u00ebs, mor\u00ebn 150 pengje t\u00eb personelit t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb m\u00eb 14 prill 1994,[17]<\/a> kurse m\u00eb 16 prill\u00a0 u rr\u00ebzu nj\u00eb avion britanik nga forcat serbe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs mbi Gorazhde.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 29 prill 1994, kontigjenti danez bie n\u00eb prit\u00ebn e serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, n\u00eb Tuzla, e q\u00eb ishte granatuar me artileri t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga brigada Shekoviqi, n\u00eb fshatin Kalesija, por pas p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb arm\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda ishte thyer prita.[19]<\/a> M\u00eb 5 gusht 1994, UNPROFOR, kishte k\u00ebrkuar mb\u00ebshtetje me sulme ajrore t\u00eb NATO-s, e q\u00eb 2 avion amerikan A-10, kishin goditur makinat e blinduara serbe af\u00ebr Sarajev\u00ebs, e q\u00eb pas k\u00ebsaj serb\u00ebt pranuan t\u2019i kthenin mbrapa blindat e mbetura, e t\u00eb mos sulmonin \u201czon\u00ebn e sigurt\u00eb t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb\u201d.[20]<\/a> M\u00eb 22 shtator 1994, pasi UNPROFOR, kishte k\u00ebrkuar, NATO kreu nj\u00eb sulm kund\u00ebr tankut t\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 25-26 maj 1995, pas shkeljes dhe granatimit t\u00eb zon\u00ebs s\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe zon\u00ebs s\u00eb sigurt\u00eb, avion\u00ebt e NATO-s kryen sulme ajrore kund\u00ebr depos s\u00eb municionit t\u00eb forcave serbe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, n\u00eb Pale.[22]<\/a> P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb forcat serbe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, mor\u00ebn peng 370 paq\u00ebruajt\u00ebs t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, dhe i p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn si \u201cmburoje\u00eb e gjall\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebr t\u2019i parandaluar sulmet ajrore n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.[23]<\/a> M\u00eb 2 qershor 1995,\u00a0 ndodhi incidenti i Mrkonjiq Grad, ku dy avion amerikan F-16, derisa patrullonin n\u00eb Operacionin \u201cDeny Flight\u201d, nj\u00ebri prej tyre u rr\u00ebzu nga nj\u00eb raket tok\u00eb-aj\u00ebr e serb\u00ebve 2K12 Kub, e q\u00eb piloti i saj u shp\u00ebtu 6 dit\u00eb pas rastit.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 11 korrik 1995, avion\u00ebt e NATO-s, sulmuan caqet n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Srebrenic\u00ebs, q\u00eb ishte zon\u00eb n\u00ebn kontroll t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, por q\u00eb forcat serbe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, kishin avansuar, e q\u00eb Ratko Mlladiq k\u00ebrc\u00ebnonte se do t\u2019i vriste 50 pengjet q\u00eb ishin kapur e q\u00eb ishin paq\u00ebruajt\u00ebs dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnonte se do e granatonte popullat\u00ebn muslimane t\u00eb Srebrenic\u00ebs n\u00ebse NATO, vazhdonte sulmet.[25]<\/a> UNPROFOR, k\u00ebrkoi nd\u00ebrprerjen e sulmeve t\u00eb NATO-s dhe marr\u00ebveshjen se serb\u00ebt e Bosnj\u00ebs t\u00ebrheqen nga Srebrenica, por n\u00eb dy jav\u00ebt n\u00eb vazhdim forcat e Mlladiqit, vran\u00eb mbi 8000 boshnjak, n\u00eb masakr\u00ebn e njohur si masakra e Srebrenic\u00ebs e q\u00eb mbeti nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr aktet e gjenocidit m\u00eb t\u00eb tmerrsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Europ\u00eb q\u00eb nga Lufta e II Bot\u00ebrore.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 25 korrik K\u00ebshilli i Atlantikut t\u00eb Veriut, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnoi se do p\u00ebrdor\u00eb fuqin\u00eb ajrore t\u00eb NATO-s, p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar, e ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim parandaloi nj\u00eb sulm serb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e sigurt\u00eb t\u00eb Gorazhde-s, edhe m\u00eb 1 gusht njejt mori vendim t\u00eb ngjajsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr parandalimin e sulmeve n\u00eb zonat tjera t\u00eb sigurta si n\u00eb Sarajev\u00eb, Bihaq, Tuzla.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 4 gusht 1995, avion\u00ebt e NATO-s, sulmuan nj\u00eb\u00a0 radar t\u00eb mbrojtjes serbe t\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Kroacis\u00eb, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb ajroportit Udbina dhe Kninit n\u00eb Kroaci,[28]<\/a> duke u b\u00eb rasti i dyt\u00eb, q\u00eb NATO bombardonte caqe tok\u00ebsore n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr nga Bosnja.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 10 gusht 1995, komandanti i Forc\u00ebs s\u00eb Aleat\u00ebve p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn Jugore, n\u00ebnshkroi memorandum mir\u00ebkuptimi me UNPROFOR-in, p\u00ebr kryerjen e sulmeve ajrore.[29]<\/a> M\u00eb 30 gusht sekretari i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i NATO-s, lajm\u00ebroi fillimin e sulmeve ajrore, e q\u00eb ato do mb\u00ebshteteshin edhe nga sulmet artilerike t\u00eb UNPROFOR-it,[30]<\/a> si kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigje e Masakr\u00ebs s\u00eb II t\u00eb Markales e ndodhur m\u00eb 28 gusht 1995, i njohur si Operacioni \u201cDeliberate Force\u201d. N\u00eb sulmet ajrore mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb rreth 400 avion t\u00eb NATO-s.[31]<\/a>Mbi 3515 fluturime dhe n\u00eb total 1026 bomb\u00eb ishin hedhur n\u00eb 338 caqe t\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, e q\u00eb NATO sulmoi 97% t\u00eb caqeve duke i shkat\u00ebrruar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 80% prej tyre,[32]<\/a> me 708 bomba me dirigjim.[33]<\/a> Sulmet u kryen nga baza e Avianos, n\u00eb Itali dhe nga ajroplanbart\u00ebset USS Teodor Rusvelt dhe USS Amerika, ajroplanbart\u00ebset franceze Foch dhe Clemanceau n\u00eb detin Adriatik. Luftvafen gjermane, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb prej 1945, u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb Operacionin \u201cDeliberate Force\u201d.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta shtuar intenzitetin, n\u00eb rajonin e Sarajev\u00ebs, e d\u00ebrguan brigad\u00ebn multinacionale( Franceze, Britanike dhe Amerikane) ajromobile Moun Igman, e cila ishte pjes\u00eb e UNPROFOR-it,[35]<\/a> q\u00eb kishte 4000 pjestar, e cila ishte autorizuar me rezolut\u00ebn K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb 988, m\u00eb 16 qershor 1995.[36]<\/a> Kjo brigad\u00eb ishte operacionalizuar n\u00eb gusht 1995, dhe kishte shkrepur para dhe pas masakr\u00ebs n\u00eb tregun e Markales, ku sidomos m\u00eb 28 dhe 29 gusht kishte gjuajtur intenzivisht, 1070 predha, prej tyre 305 predha 155 mm, 408 predha 120 mm, 357 predha 105 mm), kund\u00ebr forcave serbe.[37]<\/a> Kjo njihet praktikisht si p\u00ebrfshirja n\u00eb luftime tok\u00ebsore artilerike, e forcave t\u00eb per\u00ebndimit( Franc\u00ebs, Britanis\u00eb dhe SHBA-s\u00eb) kund\u00ebr forcave serbe.<\/p>\n

Ushtria e serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, kishte rrjetin e mbrojtjes s\u00eb integruar antiajrore t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb edhe nga raketat tok\u00eb aj\u00ebr dhe avion q\u00eb paraqisnin rrezik p\u00ebr operacionin e avion\u00ebve t\u00eb NATO-s.[38]<\/a> M\u00eb 30 gusht 1995, nj\u00eb avion Mirage 2000N( francez) u rr\u00ebzu nga raketa antiajrore e krahut t\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Pale-s.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1 shtator 1995, OKB dhe NATO, k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga serb\u00ebt q\u00eb t\u00eb heqnin rrethimin e Sarajev\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb heqnin arm\u00ebt e r\u00ebnda nga zona p\u00ebrskaj Sarajev\u00ebs dhe nga t\u00eb gjitha zonat e siguris\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb. NATO ndaloi sulmet dhe i dha ultimatum lider\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, deri m\u00eb 4 shtator 1995. M\u00eb 5 shtator rifilluan sulmet ajrore p\u00ebrskaj Sarajev\u00ebs dhe af\u00ebr shtabit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb serb\u00ebve t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs n\u00eb Pale, pasi serb\u00ebt nuk u detyruan me ultimatum. M\u00eb 10 shtator\u00a0 USS Normandy l\u00ebshoi raketa kryq\u00ebzore( Tomaha\u00ebk) nga deti Adriatik dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe avion\u00ebt e SHBA-s\u00eb bombarduan n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Banja Lluk\u00ebs.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 14 shtator 1995, NATO suspendoi sulmet ajrore fillimisht p\u00ebr 72 or\u00eb, pastaj p\u00ebr 114 or\u00eb e m\u00eb pas deri m\u00eb 20 shtator, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lejuar q\u00eb t\u00eb implementohej marr\u00ebveshja me serb\u00ebt e Bosnj\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00ebrheqjen e arm\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnda nga zona e Sarajev\u00ebs, e q\u00eb nuk vazhduan m\u00eb sulmet, pasi u p\u00ebrmbush detyrimi nga pala serbe.[41]<\/a> Kjo kampanj\u00eb ajrore ishte shkaku kryesor q\u00eb Republika e Federat\u00ebs Jugosllave u b\u00eb pjes\u00eb e dialogut n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen e Dejtonit q\u00eb u arrit n\u00eb n\u00ebntor 1995,[42]<\/a> prej nga p\u00ebrfundoi edhe konflikti i p\u00ebrgjaksh\u00ebm n\u00eb Bosnje.<\/p>\n

Shkaku i k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrvojave me serb\u00ebt, NATO dhe sidomos SHBA, do i aplikoj n\u00eb rastin e bombardimit dhe raketimit t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e konfliktit t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb: 19.04.2021<\/em><\/p>\n

Skender Jashari<\/strong> i burgosur politik nga EULEX, p\u00ebr rastet e sulmeve kund\u00ebr policis\u00eb dhe xhandarm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Serbis\u00eb n\u00eb Dobrosin komuna e Bujanocit.<\/em>
\nMaster drejtimi juridiko-penal dhe studime joformale ushtarake.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a>https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/stock_publications\/20120822_nato_treaty_en_light_2009.pdf<\/a>, neni 5, paragrafi 1.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/media\/csis\/pubs\/kosovolessons-full.pdf<\/a>, faqe 55.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Herbert J. Tillema, International Conflict Since 1945, Boulder, Westview, 1991.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/media\/csis\/pubs\/kosovolessons-full.pdf<\/a>, faqe 56 dhe 81.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato-welcome\/index.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/decision-to-intervene-how-the-war-in-bosnia-ended\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>http:\/\/www.afsouth.nato.int\/factsheets\/DeliberateForceFactSheet.htm<\/a> .<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/handbook\/2001\/hb050102.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Weller, Marc. The ‘Yugoslav’ Crisis in International Law. Cambridge International Documents Series. 5. Cambridge University Press, 1997, faqe liii.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Carnes, Mark Christopher. American National Biography. 29. Oxford University Press, 2005, faqe 29.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Weller, Marc. The ‘Yugoslav’ Crisis in International Law. Cambridge International Documents Series. 5. Cambridge University Press, 1997, faqe liii.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Beale, Michael. Bombs over Bosnia: The Role of Airpower in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery: Air University Press, 1997, faqe 2-3.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Owen, Robert . “The Balkans Air Campaign Study: Part 1”. Airpower Journal, 1997, faqe 21.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> “A\/54\/549, Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53\/35: The fall of Srebrenica”<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Weller, Marc. The ‘Yugoslav’ Crisis in International Law. Cambridge International Documents Series. 5. Cambridge University Press, 1997, faqe liiv; “A\/54\/549, Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53\/35: The fall of Srebrenica”<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Weller, Marc. The ‘Yugoslav’ Crisis in International Law. Cambridge International Documents Series. 5. Cambridge University Press, 1997, faqe liiv.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> “A\/54\/549, Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53\/35: The fall of Srebrenica”<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Bethlehem, Daniel L.; Weller, Marc, The ‘Yugoslav’ Crisis in International Law. Cambridge International Documents Series. 5. Cambridge University Press, 1997, faqe liiv.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> http:\/\/www.milhist.dk\/post45\/boellebank\/boellebank_uk.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/08\/06\/world\/us-hits-bosnian-serb-target-in-air-raid.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/pr\/1994\/p94-090.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/comm\/1997\/970708\/infopres\/e-bpfy.htm<\/a> ; NATO at a Glance, A Factual Survey of Issues and Challenges Facing the Alliance at the End of the 1990s, Issue 21, 1996, faqe 45; The NATO Handbook, By North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Information Service, 2001, faqe 111.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> House of Commons Debates, Issues 200-215, By Canada. Parliament. House of Commons, 1995 , faqe 12895; https:\/\/www.spokesman.com\/stories\/1995\/may\/27\/peacekeepers-used-as-human-shields-serbs-take-un\/<\/a>;<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/125630\/wing-supports-operation-deny-flight\/<\/a>; https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2015\/12\/16\/us\/scott-ogrady-rewind\/index.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/pr\/1995\/p95-068.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/en\/content\/sg\/statement\/2005-07-11\/secretary-generals-message-ceremony-marking-10th-anniversary<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/speech\/1995\/s950725a.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nato.int\/docu\/comm\/1997\/970708\/infopres\/e-bpfy.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Gazzini, Tarcisio. The changing rules on the use of force in international law. Manchester University Press, 2005, faqe 69.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Po aty.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Mahnken, Thomas G. Technology and the American Way of War Since 1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010, faqe 182.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.airforcemag.com\/article\/1097deliberate\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Brawley, Mark R. Globalization, Security, And The Nation-State: Paradigms In Transition. State University of New York Press, 2005, faqe 74.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Owen, Robert. Deliberate Force: A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning. Darby, Pennsylvania: DIANE Publishing, 2000, faqe 246; Findlay, Trevor, ed. Challenges for the New Peacekeepers. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996, faqe 41.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> Franke, Volke. Terrorism and Peacekeeping: New Security Challenges. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, faqe 47.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/undocs.org\/en\/S\/RES\/998(1995)<\/a><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/terre\/actu-terre\/1995-l-engagement-du-groupement-d-artillerie-leclerc-le-40e-ra-porte-le-feu-depuis-igman<\/a>; https:\/\/artillerie.asso.fr\/basart\/article.php3?id_article=1598<\/a> .<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.airforcemag.com\/article\/1097deliberate\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Central Intelligence Agency. Balkan battlegrounds: a military history of the Yugoslav conflict, 1990\u20131995 (Report). Vol. 1. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis, 2002, faqe 378.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Rip, Michael Russell; Hasik, James M. The Precision Revolution: GPS and the Future of Aerial Warfare. Naval Institute Press, 2002, faqe 226; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1995\/09\/11\/world\/nato-shifts-focus-of-its-air-attacks-on-bosnian-serbs.html<\/a> .<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> http:\/\/planken.org\/balkans\/chronology\/unprofor\/1995<\/a><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Holbrooke, Richard. To End a War. New York: Modern Library, 1999, faqe 102.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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