{"id":6761,"date":"2016-09-17T00:24:48","date_gmt":"2016-09-16T23:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=6761"},"modified":"2021-04-25T03:24:10","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T02:24:10","slug":"gjuha-dhe-kultura-e-shqiptareve-lashtesia-dhe-karakteri-origjinal-i-tyre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gjuha-dhe-kultura-e-shqiptareve-lashtesia-dhe-karakteri-origjinal-i-tyre\/","title":{"rendered":"GJUHA DHE KULTURA E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE, LASHT\u00cbSIA DHE KARAKTERI ORIGJINAL I TYRE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjuha shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane q\u00eb flitet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Malit t\u00eb Zi, n\u00eb Serbin\u00eb Jugore (Presheva, Bujanovci, Medvegja) dhe nga shqiptar\u00ebt etnik\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Ballkanit jugor, sidomos n\u00eb Greqi, n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb dhe n\u00eb diaspor\u00ebn arvanite a arb\u00ebrore, n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb ishullore e m\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Gjuha shqipe flitet gjithashtu edhe p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb bregdetit lindor t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, q\u00eb nga Peskara (krahina e Molises me qend\u00ebr Kampobason), n\u00eb Pulia (Sh\u00ebn\u00a0Marcano) dhe n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Potenc\u00ebs (Sh\u00ebn-Kostantini dhe Sh\u00ebn-Pali), pastaj rreth 20 ngulime n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Kalabris\u00eb, n\u00eb dy pjes\u00ebt e saj: n\u00eb Kalabri t\u00eb Poshtme me qend\u00ebr qytetin e Kozenc\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb Kalabrin\u00eb e Ep\u00ebrme me qend\u00ebr qytetin e Katanzaros; n\u00eb ishullin e Sicilis\u00eb, kryesisht n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Palermos; si dhe n\u00eb disa qytete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Italis\u00eb s\u00eb veriut, si \u201cdiaspor\u00eb e diaspor\u00ebs arb\u00ebreshe\u201d, m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe si shtres\u00eb m\u00eb e re e emigracionit prej eksodeve shqiptare t\u00eb viteve \u201f90 t\u00eb shekullit q\u00eb u mbyll. Shqiptar\u00eb ka edhe n\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb Belgjik\u00eb, n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr, n\u00eb Suedi, n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, n\u00eb Kanada, Bullgari (katundi Mandric\u00eb), n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb (disa ngulime rreth Odes\u00ebs, ku shqipja vijon t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt moderne q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb deg\u00eb m\u00eb vete n\u00eb familjen e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane.<\/strong>
\nGjuha dhe kultura e shqiptar\u00ebve, lasht\u00ebsia dhe karakteri origjinal i tyre, kan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr prej koh\u00ebsh v\u00ebmendjen e studiuesve t\u00eb huaj dhe shqiptar\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XVIII dhe m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, gjuha, historia dhe kultura e shqiptar\u00ebve, t\u00ebrhoqi v\u00ebmendjen e bot\u00ebs gjermane. Me t\u00eb u mor edhe nj\u00eb filozof i madh, si\u00e7 ishte Gotfrid Vilhelm Leibnitz, q\u00eb punoi nj\u00eb shekull para lindjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasimtare. Ai mendonte, se studimi krahasues i gjuh\u00ebve ishte themelor p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb histori universale t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, p\u00ebr ta kuptuar dhe p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa letra, q\u00eb ai i shkruante nj\u00eb bibliotekari t\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebs Mbret\u00ebrore t\u00eb Berlinit, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XVIII, shprehet edhe p\u00ebr natyr\u00ebn dhe prejardhjen e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe dhe pas disa luhatjeve, arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin, se shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuha e ilir\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, studimet shkencore p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, si dhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, nis\u00ebn pas lindjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb historikekrahasuese nga mesi i shekullit XIX. Nj\u00ebri nga themeluesit e k\u00ebsaj gjuh\u00ebsie, dijetari gjerman Franz Bopp, arriti t\u00eb provonte, qysh n\u00eb vitin 1854, se shqipja b\u00ebnte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb familjen e gjuh\u00ebve indoevropiane dhe se zinte nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb familje gjuh\u00ebsore. Pas tij, studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si Gustav Meyer, Holger Pedersen, Norbert Jokli, studiuan aspekte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb leksikut dhe t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs gramatikore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

GustavMeyer-i qysh n\u00eb vitin 1891 hartoi nj\u00eb Fjalor etimologjik t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe (Etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch der albanesischen Sprache, Strasburg 1891<\/em>), i pari fjalor i k\u00ebtij lloji p\u00ebr shqipen. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebtyre, nj\u00eb varg i madh gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebsh t\u00eb huaj, si Franc Miclosich, Gustav Weigand, Carlo Tagliavini, Stuart Man, Eric Hamp, Agnia Desnickaja, Herman \u00d6lberg, Harallamb Mihaescu, Wilfried Fredler, Oda Bucholtz, Martin Huld, Giovann Battista Pellegrini, etj. kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndihmesa t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuara p\u00ebr studimin e historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, t\u00eb problemeve q\u00eb lidhen me prejardhjen e saj, me etimologjin\u00eb, me fonetik\u00ebn dhe me gramatik\u00ebn historike, si edhe n\u00eb studimin e gjendjes s\u00eb sotme t\u00eb shqipes.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkaq, krahas studimeve t\u00eb albanolog\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, lindi dhe u zhvillua edhe gjuh\u00ebsia shqiptare. Ajo i ka fillimet e saj q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XVII, kur Frang Bardhi botoi t\u00eb parin fjalor t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs hqipe \u201cDictionarium Latino-Epiroticum\u201d\u00a0(1635).<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb Rilindjes Komb\u00ebtare u botuan disa gramatika t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb vitin 1864, Dhimit\u00ebr Kamarda, nj\u00eb arb\u00ebresh nga Sicilia, botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cSaggio della grammatica comparata sulla lingua albanese\u201d, Livorno 1864, v\u00ebll.II \u201cL\u201fApendice al saggio dalla gramatica comparata sulla lingua albanese\u201d, Prato 1866.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1882, Kostandin Kristoforidhi botoi \u201cGramatik\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d dhe m\u00eb 1886, Sami Frash\u00ebri botoi \u201cShkronj\u00ebtoren e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d, dy vepra gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb shekullit XIX p\u00ebr gramatologjin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Nga fundi i shekullit XIX, Kostandin Kristoforidhi p\u00ebrgatiti edhe nj\u00eb \u201cFjalor t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d, i cili u botua n\u00eb vitin 1904 dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vepr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb leksikografis\u00eb shqiptare, q\u00eb u botua para Luft\u00ebs se Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb vitin 1909, botohet Fjalori i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb \u201cBashkimi\u201d. Pas shpalljes s\u00eb Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, u botuan nj\u00eb varg gramatikash dhe fjalor\u00eb dygjuh\u00ebsh, p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e shkoll\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs komb\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e gramatik\u00ebs u shqua sidomos prof. dr. Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani (1880-1961).
\nNj\u00eb zhvillim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh njohu gjuh\u00ebsia shqiptare n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XX, kur u krijuan edhe institucione shkencore t\u00eb specializuara, si Universiteti i Tiran\u00ebs, Universiteti i Prishtin\u00ebs dhe Akademia e Shkencave, Universiteti i Shkodr\u00ebs, m\u00eb von\u00eb, Universiteti i Elbasanit, Universiteti i Gjirokastr\u00ebs, Universiteti i Vlor\u00ebs, Universiteti i Tetov\u00ebs etj. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe, u hartuan nj\u00eb varg veprash p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsuese nga fusha t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb. N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e leksikologjis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb leksikografis\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 studime leksikologjike, u hartuan edhe nj\u00eb varg fjalor\u00ebsh t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe dhe fjalori dygjuh\u00ebsh, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, m\u00eb kryesor\u00ebt jan\u00eb: \u201cFjalori i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (1954), \u201cFjalori i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme shqipe\u201d (1980), \u201cFjalori i shqipes s\u00eb sotme\u201d (1984), \u201cFjalori drejtshkrimor i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (1976), \u201cDrejtshkrimi i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (1973), etj. Koh\u00ebt e fundit kan\u00eb dal\u00eb edhe \u201cFjalor frazeologjik i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (2000) dhe \u201cFjalor frazeologjik ballkanik\u201d (1999); \u201cFjalor i shqipes s\u00eb sotme\u201d (2002), \u201cFjalor sinonimik i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (2004), si dhe \u201cFjalor i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201f\u201d hartuar nga Mehmet Elezi (2006).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e dialektologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimi e studimi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb folmeve t\u00eb shqipes dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb hartuar \u201cAtlasi dialektologjik i gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d, vep\u00ebr madhore q\u00eb u botua n\u00eb Itali (v\u00ebll.I, Napoli 2007, v\u00ebll.II, Napoli,2008). Esht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb botimi i fonetik\u00ebs dhe disa gramatikave t\u00eb niveleve t\u00eb ndryshme, nga t\u00eb cilat, m\u00eb e plota \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cGramatika e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d I Morfologjia (1995), II Sintaksa (1997), hartuar nga Akademia e Shkencave, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Universitetin e Tiran\u00ebs, me kryeredaktor Mahir Domin.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb gjer\u00eb n\u00eb studimet gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb k\u00ebtij gjysm\u00ebshekulli, kan\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb problemet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, problemet e etnogjenez\u00ebs s\u00eb popullit shqiptar e t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, t\u00eb etimologjis\u00eb, t\u00eb fonetik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb gramatik\u00ebs historike etj. Disa nga veprat themelore n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha jan\u00eb:
\n“Studime etimologjike n\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb shqipes\u201d n\u00eb 7 v\u00ebllime, nga E.\u00c7abej; \u201cMeshari\u201d i Gjon Buzukut (E.\u00c7abej); \u201cGramatika historike e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (Sh. Demiraj); \u201cFonologjia historike e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (Sh. Demiraj); \u201cGjuh\u00ebsia ballkanike\u201d (Sh.\u00a0Demiraj) etj.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe, gjuh\u00ebsia shqiptare zgjidhi edhe problemin e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe letrare komb\u00ebtare, t\u00eb nj\u00ebsuar me \u00e7\u00ebshtjet teorike t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht prof. Androkli Kostallari, por edhe jo pak studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb nga Tirana, Prishtina etj.nd\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, duhen p\u00ebrmendur sidomos Emil Lafe, Xhevat Lloshi, Mehmet \u00c7eliku, Ethem Likaj, Gjovalin Shkurtaj, Shezai Rrokaj; nga Kosova Akad. Idriz Ajeti, Rexhep Ismajli, Besim Bokshi, Fadil Raka, Qemal Murati, Shefkije Islamaj etj. N\u00eb kuadrin e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb normative dhe t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, jan\u00eb hartuar dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh fjalor\u00ebsh terminologjik\u00eb p\u00ebr deg\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs e t\u00eb teknik\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 veprave t\u00eb shumta q\u00eb jan\u00eb botuar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, veprimtaria e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb studimore e studiuesve shqiptar\u00eb pasqyrohet n\u00eb botimin e disa revistave shkencore, nga t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb kryesoret sot, jan\u00eb: \u201cStudime filologjike\u201d (Tiran\u00eb), \u201cGjuha jon\u00eb\u201d (Tiran\u00eb); \u201cGjuha shqipe\u201d (Prishtin\u00eb); \u201cStudia albanica\u201d (Tiran\u00eb); \u201cJehona\u201d (Shkup) etj.<\/p>\n

Studime te r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mbi gjuh\u00ebn shqipe jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga gjuh\u00ebtar\u00eb n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, Maqedoni, Mal i Zi, si dhe n\u00eb qendrat, katedrat ose institutet Albanologjike n\u00eb diaspor\u00ebn arb\u00ebreshe t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, si dhe n\u00eb metropole t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs e t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs ku ka lektorate t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, ku jan\u00eb botuar nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsidruesh\u00ebm veprash mbi historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, fonetik\u00ebn, gramatik\u00ebn, leksikun etj. n\u00eb arealin gjermanik, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet puna dhe botimet e katedr\u00ebs s\u00eb shqipes n\u00eb Universitetin e Mynihut (M\u00fcnchen) dhe t\u00eb Bonit, fillimisht me botimet e Martin Camajt dhe t\u00eb ish-nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij: Walter Breu, Elvira Glaser, Gabriele Birken Silverman etj. dhe sidomos t\u00eb Armin Hetzer-it, Oda Bucholz-it, Bardhyl Demirajt etj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani Gjuha shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuh\u00eb indoevropiane q\u00eb flitet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Maqedonis\u00eb, n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Malit t\u00eb Zi, n\u00eb Serbin\u00eb Jugore (Presheva, Bujanovci, Medvegja) dhe nga shqiptar\u00ebt etnik\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Ballkanit jugor, sidomos n\u00eb Greqi, n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb dhe n\u00eb diaspor\u00ebn arvanite a arb\u00ebrore, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nGJUHA DHE KULTURA E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE, LASHT\u00cbSIA DHE KARAKTERI ORIGJINAL I TYRE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gjuha-dhe-kultura-e-shqiptareve-lashtesia-dhe-karakteri-origjinal-i-tyre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GJUHA DHE KULTURA E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE, LASHT\u00cbSIA DHE KARAKTERI ORIGJINAL I TYRE - 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