{"id":67784,"date":"2021-05-02T10:43:09","date_gmt":"2021-05-02T08:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=67784"},"modified":"2021-05-02T10:43:09","modified_gmt":"2021-05-02T08:43:09","slug":"fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\/","title":{"rendered":"FILLIMET E SHKRIMIT SHQIP"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Xhelal Xhelal Zejneli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb analet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb dokumentuar n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb shekullit XI. Historiani bizantin Mihaelis Ataliates <\/strong>(Michaelis Attaleiates) \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendi\u00a0 n\u00eb \u201cHistorin\u00eb\u201d<\/em> e tij t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb vitet 1079-1080 se Albanoi<\/em><\/strong> kishin marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kryengritje kund\u00ebr Kostandinopoj\u00ebs m\u00eb 1043 dhe se Arbanitai<\/em><\/strong> ishin n\u00ebnshtetas t\u00eb duk\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyrraciumit. (Michaelis Attaliatae historia <\/strong>ose Historia by Michael Attaleiates \u2013 Historia e Mihaelis Ataliates)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Historiani Gjon Skilices <\/strong>(Ioannis Scylitzes, 1040-1101) p\u00ebrmend rreth vitit 1081 Arbanites<\/em><\/strong> si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb trupave t\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs nga Niqifor Basilaku <\/strong>(Nicephorus Basilacius).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb aty nga fillimi i shekullit XIV. Jan\u00eb kat\u00ebr p\u00ebrmendje t\u00eb shqipes midis viteve 1285-1332.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb gjuha shqipe p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb vitin 1285 n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb (Dubrovnik), ku p\u00ebr nj\u00ebfar\u00eb kohe ka pasur nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi shqiptare t\u00eb konsiderueshme. N\u00eb nj\u00eb proces gjyq\u00ebsor thuhet: \u201cAudivi<\/em> unam vocem clamantem in monte in lingua albanese<\/strong>\u201d (D\u00ebgjova nj\u00eb z\u00eb, q\u00eb th\u00ebrriste n\u00eb male n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe<\/strong>.\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00ebzet vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb Anonymi Descriptio Europae orientalis (P\u00ebrshkrim anonim i Evrop\u00ebs Lindore) <\/em>\u2013 nj\u00eb tekst mesjetar i vitit 1308 q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim mbi tokat e Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti mbi vendet e Ballkanit. Autori \u00ebsht\u00eb anonim, d.m.th. nuk dihet. N\u00eb tekstin e sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr Greqin\u00eb Bizantine, Rashk\u00ebn, Bullgarin\u00eb, Ruthenin\u00eb, Hungarin\u00eb, Polonin\u00eb dhe Bohemin\u00eb. Teksti p\u00ebrmban edhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb<\/strong>. Kjo pjes\u00eb mbyllet me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmendje t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe: \u201cHabent enim Albani <\/strong>prefati linguam distinctam a Latinis, Grecis et Sclavis ita quod in nullo se inteligunt cum aliis nationibus\u201d (Shqiptar\u00ebt e sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendur kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb q\u00eb dallohet nga ajo e latin\u00ebve, grek\u00ebve dhe sllav\u00ebve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kurrsesi nuk mund t\u00eb merren vesh me popuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.)<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb shqipja p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb njoftimin e nj\u00eb pelegrini gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb m\u00eb 1322. Dy pelegrin\u00eb anglo-irlandez, Symon Simeonis dhe Hugo Illuminator (Hugo Ndri\u00e7uesi), gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit u ndal\u00ebn n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. S. Simeonis i Urdhrit Fran\u00e7eskan b\u00ebri nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb gjall\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb pa n\u00eb bregdetin shqiptar, n\u00eb Ulqin, n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs. P\u00ebrshkrimet e S. Simeonisit njihen me emrin Itinerarium Symonis Semeonis ab Hybernia ad Terram Sanctam (Udh\u00ebtimi i Simon Simonit nga Irlanda n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb)<\/em>. Dor\u00ebshkrimi ruhet n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn Corpus Christi College<\/em> n\u00eb Kembrixh (Cambridge). S. Simeoni, midis tjerash shkruan: \u201cAlbanya <\/strong>est provincia inter Sclavoniam et Romanyam, per se linguam habens\u201d <\/em>[<\/em>Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb provinc\u00eb midis Sllavonis\u00eb (sllav\u00ebve) dhe Romanis\u00eb (Bizantit), me nj\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebn.<\/em>]<\/em><\/p>\n

Gjuha shqipe p\u00ebrmendet edhe n\u00eb vitin 1332 nga murgu dominikan fr\u00ebng Brokard<\/strong> ose Fr\u00e8re Brochard (Brocardus monachus). N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn \u201cDirectorium ad passagian faciendum\u201d <\/em>Broakardi shkruan: \u201cLicet Albanenses<\/strong> aliam amnio linguam a latina habeant et diversam, tamen litteram latinam habent in uso et in omnibus suis libris\u201d (Shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb krejt t\u00eb ndryshme nga latinishtja, ndon\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorin shkronjat latine n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb librat e tyre)<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

A ka pasur v\u00ebrtet Brokardi n\u00eb dor\u00eb ndonj\u00eb lib\u00ebr n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, kjo deri m\u00eb sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Shqipja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjuha komb\u00ebtare e fundit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb dokumentuar. Jan\u00eb disa dokumente t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb latinisht p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, nuk ka gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe q\u00eb t\u00eb datojn\u00eb para shekullit XV.<\/p>\n

Teksti Bellifortis <\/strong>– N\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimin Bellifortis t\u00eb vitit 1405, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb latinisht, q\u00eb ruhet Mus\u00e9e Cond\u00e9 n\u00eb Ch\u00e2teau de Chantilly (ms. 348\/663, fol. 153v) n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Parisit, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtojc\u00eb prej 29 rreshtash n\u00eb latinisht. Supozohet se tet\u00eb rreshta t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfutura n\u00eb tekstin latin, jan\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb shqipen e hershme.<\/p>\n

Formula e pag\u00ebzimit <\/strong>– Teksti m\u00eb i lasht\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb formul\u00eb pag\u00ebzimi e vitit 1462, e q\u00eb ka k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje: \u201cUnte paghesont premnit Atit et birit et spertit senit\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (Un\u00eb t\u00eb pag\u00ebzoj n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Atit e t\u00eb Birit e t\u00eb Shpirtit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb)<\/em>. Autor i k\u00ebsaj formule \u00ebsht\u00eb Pal Engj\u00eblli <\/strong>(rreth 1417-1470), argjipeshk\u00ebv i Durr\u00ebsit dhe mik i ngusht\u00eb e k\u00ebshilltar i Gjergj Kastriotit<\/strong> (1405-1468). K\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim n\u00eb shqipe t\u00eb formul\u00ebs s\u00eb pag\u00ebzimit, Pal Engj\u00eblli e p\u00ebrfshiu n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr pastorale me rastin e nj\u00eb sinodi t\u00eb mbajtur n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Trinis\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb Mat m\u00eb 8 n\u00ebntor 1462. Teksti u zbulua n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Laurentiane n\u00eb Firence nga dijetari rumun Nikolla Jorga <\/strong>(Nicolae Iorga, 1871-1940) dhe u botua prej tij n\u00eb vitin 1915. (Ka q\u00eb thon\u00eb se Nikolla Jorga \u00ebsht\u00eb me prejardhje shqiptare).<\/p>\n

Fjalia shqipe n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb teatrale <\/strong>– N\u00eb vitin 1483 ndeshemi me nj\u00eb fjali n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb teatrale me titull \u201cEpirota\u201d<\/em>. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb komedi nj\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebtar epirot (d.m.th. shqiptar) i quajtur Damasken mallkon nj\u00eb hanxhi q\u00eb nuk ia p\u00eblqen k\u00ebng\u00ebt, me fjal\u00ebt Dramburi te clofto goglie<\/em><\/strong> (T\u2019u dridhte goja).<\/em> Mallkime t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebrdoren edhe sot: \u201cT\u2019u mbyllt\u00eb goja\u201d, \u201cT\u2019u thaft\u00eb gjuha\u201d<\/em>. Pjesa teatrale u botua n\u00eb Venedik m\u00eb 1483, nd\u00ebrsa kjo fraz\u00eb u botua m\u00eb 1972.<\/p>\n

Ungjilli i Pashk\u00ebve <\/strong>ose Perikopeja<\/strong> – Dokument tjet\u00ebr i shqipes s\u00eb hershme \u00ebsht\u00eb Ungjilli i Pashk\u00ebve <\/em><\/strong>ose Perikopeja<\/em><\/strong>. Jan\u00eb pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb rreshta n\u00eb shkronja greke, t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyera nga Ungjilli i Sh\u00ebn Mateut. U zbulua n\u00eb vitin 1906 n\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim greqisht, nga historiani grek Spiridon Lampros <\/strong>(1851-1919). Dor\u00ebshkrimi ruhej n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Ambroziane n\u00eb Milano. Teksti, autori i t\u00eb cilit nuk dihet \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dialektin tosk\u00eb<\/em><\/strong>. P\u00ebr vjet\u00ebrsin\u00eb e tekstit vler\u00ebsimet shkojn\u00eb nga shekulli XIV n\u00eb shekullin XVIII. Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb paleografike e tekstit e p\u00ebrcakton si shkrim t\u00eb koh\u00ebs nga shekulli XV n\u00eb shekullin XVI.<\/p>\n

Fjalori i Arnold fon Harfit\u00a0 <\/strong>– Dokumenti tjet\u00ebr i shqipes s\u00eb shkruar \u00ebsht\u00eb fjalori shqip i Arnold fon Harfit <\/strong>(Arnold von Harff, rreth 1471-1505). \u00cbsht\u00eb i vitit 1497. Fon Harfi ishte nj\u00eb kalor\u00ebs gjerman, udh\u00ebtar dhe shkrimtar. N\u00eb vitin 1496 u nis p\u00ebr nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim, me sa duket n\u00eb nj\u00eb pelegrinazh n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb. Kaloi n\u00ebp\u00ebr Itali, n\u00ebp\u00ebr bregdetin shqiptar, n\u00eb Greqi, n\u00eb Egjipt, n\u00eb Arabi, n\u00eb Palestin\u00eb, Azi t\u00eb Vog\u00ebl. N\u00eb t\u00eb kthyer, erdhi Spanj\u00eb, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore. U kthye n\u00eb K\u00ebln n\u00eb vitin 1498 ose 1499 dhe vdiq m\u00eb 1505. Gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimeve mblodhi materiale mbi gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb ndeshi n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb portin e Durr\u00ebsit u ndal n\u00eb pranver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1497.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu sh\u00ebnoi 26 fjal\u00eb, 8 fraza dhe 12 numra n\u00eb shqip. I sh\u00ebnoi bashk\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin n\u00eb gjermanisht n\u00eb ditarin e tij t\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit. P\u00ebrshkrimet e k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebtimi u botuan n\u00eb vitin 1860 dhe konsiderohen si shembuj m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj gjinie, aq t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb fund t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs. Fon Harfi krijoi edhe fjalor\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr me fjal\u00eb e shprehje n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt kroate, greke, arabe, hebraike, turke, hungareze, baske <\/em><\/strong>dhe bretone<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em> N\u00eb k\u00ebta fjalor\u00eb xhepi ai sh\u00ebnoi terma ushqimor\u00eb, sht\u00ebpiak\u00eb dhe t\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit, si dhe fraza t\u00eb nevojshme si: \u201cMir\u00ebm\u00ebngjesi\u201d<\/em>, \u201cSa kushton kjo\u201d, \u201cGrua, a mund t\u00eb flem\u00eb bashk\u00eb sonte?\u201d<\/em> K\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje n\u00eb fjalorin shqip nuk e kishte sh\u00ebnuar, n\u00eb fjalor\u00ebt e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera \u2013 po.<\/p>\n

Me t\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs, fon Harfi shkruan: \u201cNga Ulqini n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs lundruam me nj\u00eb er\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet i madh i rr\u00ebnuar nga turqit, e q\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn sundimin e Venedikut. Ky qytet shtrihet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ku banor\u00ebt e kan\u00eb edhe gjuh\u00ebn e tyre, e cila nuk mund t\u00eb shkruhet mir\u00eb, meq\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend ata nuk e kan\u00eb alfabetin e vet. Kam hedhur n\u00eb let\u00ebr disa fjal\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj gjuhe shqipe, t\u00eb cilat po i jap m\u00eb posht\u00eb me alfabetin ton\u00eb (gjerman): <\/em><\/p>\n

buk\u00eb, ver\u00eb, uj\u00eb, mish, djath\u00eb, vez\u00eb, uthull, nj\u00eb pul\u00eb, peshk, krip\u00eb, mir\u00eb, keq, ha, pi, tavern\u00eb, burr\u00eb, grua, par\u00e0, po, jo, zot, dreq, qiri, nj\u00eb kal\u00eb, elb, fle, mir\u00ebm\u00ebngjesi, mir\u00ebmbr\u00ebma, mir\u00ebdita, \u00e7far\u00eb ke q\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00eblqen, sa b\u00ebn, do ta ble, laj k\u00ebmish\u00ebn time, si quhet, nj\u00eb, dy, tre, kat\u00ebr, pes\u00eb, gjasht\u00eb, shtat\u00eb, tet\u00eb, n\u00ebnt\u00eb, dhjet\u00eb, nj\u00ebqind, nj\u00ebmij\u00eb; <\/em><\/p>\n

Fjal\u00eb t\u00eb caktuara Arnold fon Harfi nuk i ka kuptuar drejt, ndaj disa prej tyre duhet ta ken\u00eb kuptimin: me ngr\u00ebn\u00eb, nj\u00eb njeri, ashtu, mir\u00eb se vjen, a ke gj\u00ebkafsh\u00eb t\u00eb re, qysh vlen kjo kafsh\u00eb (sa kushton kjo gj\u00eb, ky send), laj nj\u00eb k\u00ebmish\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>: Fon Harfi fjal\u00ebt n\u00eb regjistrin e vet i ka shkruar vertikalisht, d.m.th. nj\u00ebr\u00ebn pas tjetr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Fon Harfi p\u00ebrdori mbi shqipen drejtshkrimin e tij gjerman, i cili nuk mund t\u00eb respektonte fonemat e shqipes q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb nga ato t\u00eb gjermanishtes. Transkriptimi i shqipes prej tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i keq se ai i teksteve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb asaj kohe. Fjalori i tij i xhepit do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej nga t\u00eb huajt deri diku edhe sot.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

KU FLITET SHQIPJA SOT <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 P\u00ebrpos n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri<\/strong>, shqipja flitet n\u00eb trojet shqiptare n\u00eb Ballkan:
\n– N\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs<\/strong>;
\n– N\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn lindore<\/strong> \u2013 Preshev\u00eb, Bujanoc, Medvegj\u00eb;
\n– N\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut<\/strong> – Shkup, Tetov\u00eb, Gostivar, Dib\u00ebr, K\u00ebr\u00e7ov\u00eb, Strug\u00eb, Oh\u00ebr, Kumanov\u00eb dhe rrethin\u00eb, Manastir, Resnj\u00eb, Presp\u00eb, Krushev\u00eb, n\u00eb do fshatra t\u00eb Velesit dhe t\u00eb Prilepit;
\n– N\u00eb Mal t\u00eb Zi<\/strong>, kryesisht p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, d.m.th. n\u00eb rajonet e mal\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Gucis\u00eb, Plav\u00ebs, n\u00eb Hot, n\u00eb Grud\u00eb, n\u00eb Tuz n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Podgoric\u00ebs, n\u00eb Ulqin etj.;
\n– N\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebri<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb, Greqia ka ushtruar gjenocid, ka ndjekur ndaj tyre politik\u00ebn e tok\u00ebs s\u00eb djegur, i ka d\u00ebbuar nga trojet e tyre etnike historike.<\/li>\n
  2. Gjenocid ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve ka ndjekur Serbia, si n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb Jugosllave, ashtu edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Rankoviqit. Kosova fitoi nj\u00eb sasi pavar\u00ebsie n\u00eb vitet 1974-1985. N\u00eb vitet 1985-1989 u ringjall tendenca e Serbis\u00eb p\u00ebr ta rin\u00ebnshtruar Kosov\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr ta rikthyer rrot\u00ebn e historis\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb (1985-1989) ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Jugosllavi veproi boshti antishqiptar i krimit Shkup-Beograd-Titograd (sot Podgoric\u00eb).<\/li>\n
  3. Serbia ka ndjekur dhe vazhdon t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb edhe sot gjenocid t\u00eb heshtur ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs lindore (Preshev\u00eb, Bujanoc, Medvegj\u00eb).<\/li>\n
  4. Gjenocid ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve ka ndjekur edhe Mali i Zi. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb, shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb u detyruan t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulen p\u00ebr n\u00eb ShBA dhe gjetk\u00eb.<\/li>\n
  5. Politik\u00eb diskriminuese, restriktive dhe opresive ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve ka ushtruar edhe Maqedonia, q\u00eb nga viti 1944 e k\u00ebndej.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Si pasoj\u00eb e gjenocidit t\u00eb boshtit t\u00eb krimit Shkup-Beograd- Titograd (Podgoric\u00eb) ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Jugosllavi, prej vitit 1912 e k\u00ebndej, qindra mij\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb u detyruan t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulen nga trojet e veta etnike historike, u dep\u00ebrtuan p\u00ebr n\u00eb Turqi dhe gjetk\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm i shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb Kroaci, n\u00eb Slloveni, n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb dhe Hercegovin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Shqipja e arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb <\/strong>\u2013 Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Gjergj Kastriotit m\u00eb 1468, p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebtuar dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb u shp\u00ebrngul\u00ebn p\u00ebr n\u00eb Kalabri<\/strong> dhe Sicili<\/strong>. Si pakic\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore, arb\u00ebresh\u00ebt tani p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth 90.000 fol\u00ebs. Shum\u00eb prej tyre jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb fshatrat malore t\u00eb Kozenc\u00ebs n\u00eb Kalabri dhe n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Palermos n\u00eb Sicili.<\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb Greqi <\/strong>\u2013 Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i shqiptar\u00ebve q\u00eb popullonin n\u00eb mesjet\u00ebn e von\u00eb \u00a0<\/strong>nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb zon\u00ebs qendrore dhe jugore n\u00eb Greqi, \u00ebsht\u00eb asimiluar gjer\u00ebsisht. Megjith\u00ebk\u00ebt\u00eb, gjuha shqipe e atjeshme, e njohur si arb\u00ebrishte<\/em><\/strong> (n\u00eb greqisht \u2013 Arvanitika<\/em><\/strong>), mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohet ende n\u00eb 320 fshatra<\/strong>, kryesisht p\u00ebrreth Levadhias, n\u00eb Euben\u00eb e jugut (Evin\u00eb), n\u00eb Atik\u00eb, n\u00eb Korint dhe n\u00eb Androsin verior. Shqipja e tyre nuk g\u00ebzon ndonj\u00eb status zyrtar. Arb\u00ebrishtja q\u00eb flitet n\u00eb Greqi konsiderohet si forma m\u00eb arkaike e shqipes q\u00eb flitet sot.<\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb Rumani dhe n\u00eb Bullgari <\/strong>\u2013 N\u00eb shekullin XIX lul\u00ebzuan bashk\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha emigrant\u00ebsh shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb Rumani dhe n\u00eb Bullgari, me institucionet e tyre kulturore (shoqata, klube, gazeta, shtypshkronja, shkolla). Shqiptar\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb Bukuresht dhe n\u00eb Sofje. Shqipja mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohet sot n\u00eb rajonin kufitar bullgaro-greko-turk, sidomos n\u00eb fshatin bullgar t\u00eb Mandric\u00ebs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Shqipfol\u00ebsit n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb <\/strong>\u2013 Nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i pakt\u00eb shqipfol\u00ebsish gjenden n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, sidomos n\u00eb kat\u00ebr fshatra (Zhovtnevoje, Gamovk\u00eb, Georgievk\u00eb<\/strong> dhe Denveskoje<\/strong>) n\u00eb krahinat e Melitopolit<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb Odes\u00ebs<\/strong> (tani t\u00eb pushtuar nga Rusia). Shqiptar\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb kolon\u00ebve t\u00eb shekullit XIX t\u00eb ardhur nga krahina e Varn\u00ebs n\u00eb Bullgari. N\u00eb vitin 1959, numri i tyre vler\u00ebsohej n\u00eb rreth 5000.<\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb Turqi <\/strong>\u2013 Thuhet se n\u00eb Turqi jeton nj\u00eb num\u00ebr tejet i madh i shqiptar\u00ebve. Ka q\u00eb thon\u00eb se jan\u00eb me miliona. Numrin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb tyre askush s\u2019e di. Turqia kurr\u00eb s\u2019i ka njohur shqiptar\u00ebt si etnitet. Gjuha shqipe nuk ka pasur nj\u00eb status zyrtar. Gjuha e nj\u00eb etniteti mund t\u00eb kultivohet, t\u00eb ruhet, t\u00eb mbrohet dhe t\u00eb zhvillohet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shkollimit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn amtare. Ndryshe, gjuha e atij etniteti vdes.<\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb kolonit\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb Egjipt dhe n\u00eb Siri <\/strong>\u2013 Pak kan\u00eb mbetur nga ato koloni shqiptare q\u00eb lul\u00ebzonin dikur n\u00ebp\u00ebr kolonit\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb Egjipt dhe n\u00eb Siri. Pakica shqiptare n\u00eb Egjipt tani \u00ebsht\u00eb shkrir\u00eb. Pakica shqiptare mund t\u00eb gjendet deri diku n\u00eb Siri, sidomos n\u00eb Damask.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb diaspor\u00eb <\/strong>\u2013 Shum\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb punojn\u00eb dhe jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs \u2013 n\u00eb Gjermani, n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr, n\u00eb vendet skandinave, n\u00eb Austri, n\u00eb Itali, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, n\u00eb Britani t\u00eb Madhe etj. Pas vitit 1991 qindra mij\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb emigruan n\u00eb Greqi dhe n\u00eb Itali. Ata dhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre, n\u00eb mjedisin familjar flasin shqip. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt, nipat dhe mbesat e tyre shkollohen n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt e vendeve ku jan\u00eb vendosur. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb caktuara, p\u00ebr ta ruajtur\u00a0 gjuh\u00ebn amtare, angazhojn\u00eb m\u00ebsues nga Shqip\u00ebria, nga Kosova etj. Synimi i vendeve per\u00ebndimore \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u2019i integrojn\u00eb n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb asimilimin e p\u00ebrshpejtuar t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

    Shqipja n\u00eb Kanada, n\u00eb Australi dhe n\u00eb Argjentin\u00eb <\/strong>\u2013 Deri n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb mase shqiptar\u00eb hasim edhe n\u00eb Kanada, n\u00eb Australi dhe n\u00eb Argjentin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Shqipfol\u00ebsit n\u00eb ShBA <\/strong>\u2013 Shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar sidomos n\u00eb Boston, n\u00eb Nju-Jork, n\u00eb K\u00ebnetik\u00ebt, n\u00eb Nju-Xhersi, n\u00eb Detroit. Shqiptar\u00ebt emigruan n\u00eb ShBA edhe pas viti 1991.<\/p>\n

    *\u00a0\u00a0 *\u00a0\u00a0 *<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Duke qen\u00eb se jetojm\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e kompjuterit, t\u00eb internetit, t\u00eb komunikimit satelitor dhe t\u00eb telefonis\u00eb celulare shqiptar\u00eb mund t\u00eb hasim n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00eb, p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00eb, \u201cp\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb\u201d, p\u00ebr shkollim, p\u00ebr veprimtari ekonomike. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre kthehen n\u00eb m\u00ebm\u00ebdhe, t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk kthehen n\u00eb atdhe.<\/p>\n

    Numri i sakt\u00eb i shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb trojet e tyre etnike dhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb nuk dihet. Thuhet se jan\u00eb shtat\u00eb milion\u00eb, por ka q\u00eb thon\u00eb se ky num\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i madh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Xhelal Zejneli Shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb analet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb dokumentuar n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb shekullit XI. Historiani bizantin Mihaelis Ataliates (Michaelis Attaleiates) \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendi\u00a0 n\u00eb \u201cHistorin\u00eb\u201d e tij t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb vitet 1079-1080 se Albanoi kishin marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kryengritje kund\u00ebr Kostandinopoj\u00ebs m\u00eb 1043 dhe se Arbanitai ishin n\u00ebnshtetas t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,207,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-gjuhe","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nFILLIMET E SHKRIMIT SHQIP - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FILLIMET E SHKRIMIT SHQIP - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Xhelal Zejneli Shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb analet e historis\u00eb s\u00eb dokumentuar n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb shekullit XI. Historiani bizantin Mihaelis Ataliates (Michaelis Attaleiates) \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendi\u00a0 n\u00eb \u201cHistorin\u00eb\u201d e tij t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb vitet 1079-1080 se Albanoi kishin marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kryengritje kund\u00ebr Kostandinopoj\u00ebs m\u00eb 1043 dhe se Arbanitai ishin n\u00ebnshtetas t\u00eb […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/fjala.info\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/shkoder.net\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-02T08:43:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/illyria.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"487\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@acokaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9c9fccf4f6449d25e258607d9b4275cb\"},\"headline\":\"FILLIMET E SHKRIMIT SHQIP\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-02T08:43:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2667,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/illyria.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Artikuj\",\"Gjuh\u00eb\",\"Histori\",\"Kultur\u00eb\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jehonashqiptare.al\\\/fjala\\\/fillimet-e-shkrimit-shqip\\\/\",\"name\":\"FILLIMET E SHKRIMIT SHQIP - 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