{"id":6780,"date":"2016-09-17T15:16:39","date_gmt":"2016-09-17T14:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=6780"},"modified":"2021-04-25T02:51:58","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T01:51:58","slug":"kultura-e-gjuhes-si-tipar-themelor-i-kombit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kultura-e-gjuhes-si-tipar-themelor-i-kombit\/","title":{"rendered":"KULTURA E GJUH\u00cbS SI TIPAR THEMELOR I KOMBIT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kultura e gjuh\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej deg\u00ebve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb merret me studimin dhe p\u00ebrcaktimin e norm\u00ebs letrare n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrafshet e sistemit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, me zbulimin e prirjeve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs letrare p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar mbi t\u00eb n\u00eb pajtim me k\u00ebto prirje, si dhe me rrug\u00ebt p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimin e zbatimin e norm\u00ebs letrare.<\/p>\n

Kultura e gjuh\u00ebs kuptohet, gjithashtu, si kujdesi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar e p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur gjuh\u00ebn letrare sipas rregullave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse e sipas modeleve m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb pranuara nga shoq\u00ebria n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

Dihet tashm\u00eb se, qysh n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Rilindjes e m\u00eb pas, n\u00eb shtypin shqiptar jan\u00eb zhvilluar diskutime dhe jan\u00eb diskutuar probleme t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs. Synimi i tyre ka qen\u00eb qysh n\u00eb krye t\u00eb her\u00ebs zgjimi i vet\u00ebdijes shoq\u00ebrore ndaj gjuh\u00ebs, d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb problem komb\u00ebtar e atdhetar ruajtjen e shqipes dhe, natyrisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mprehur konceptimin e gjuh\u00ebs si tipar themelor i kombit dhe i nj\u00ebsis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb mbas Luft\u00ebs se Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur si epoka mbas \u00c7lirimit, kujdesi p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn letrare shqipe u b\u00eb edhe problem i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm kulturor e shoq\u00ebror. Duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet sidomos krijimi i Institutit t\u00eb Shkencave dhe i sektor\u00ebve shkencor\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs p\u00ebr mbledhjen, njohjen dhe botimin e leksikut popullor e t\u00eb vjel\u00eb nga botimet e shkruara, duke shp\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb tej at\u00eb veprimtari q\u00eb kishin nisur me vullnet t\u00eb mir\u00eb Kostandin Kristoforidhi dhe nx\u00ebn\u00ebsi i tij besnik Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani dhe nj\u00eb plejad\u00eb m\u00ebsuesish e dashamir\u00ebsh t\u00eb shqipes.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet 1952, 1953 u b\u00ebn\u00eb diskutime dhe u organizuan konferenca shkencore p\u00ebr probleme t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, sidomos p\u00ebr ortografin\u00eb (drejtshkrimin) dhe past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs. Me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb qe m\u00eb 1956 botimi i librit \u201cP\u00ebr past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d nga Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani, i cili do t\u00eb mbetej si gur themeli n\u00eb ngrehin\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1967 n\u00eb Institutin e Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb u formua edhe nj\u00eb grup pune a sektor i kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb kryesore organizimin e pun\u00ebs paraprake p\u00ebr \u201cRregullat e drejtshkrimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d. Dhe n\u00eb fakt, n\u00eb 1967, mbas nj\u00eb pune t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e t\u00eb kujdesshme u botua dhe \u201cProjekti i rregullave t\u00eb drejtshkrimit\u201d , i cili i parapriu dhe vendimit e sanksionimit t\u00eb tyre, s\u00eb pari, m\u00eb 1968 me Konsult\u00ebn Gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs dhe, 4 vjet m\u00eb pas, me Kongresin e Drejtshkrimit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebs Shqipe (1972).<\/p>\n

Kongresi i Drejtshkrimit p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb nga aksionet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mbar\u00ebkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. N\u00eb pajtim me mendimet dhe udh\u00ebzimet e shprehura n\u00eb Rezolut\u00ebn e Kongresit u hartuan pa humbur koh\u00eb, dy veprat kryesore normative :
\n\u201cRregullat e drejtshkrimit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebs Shqipe\u201d (1973) dhe \u201cFjalori drejtshkrimor\u201d (1976), q\u00eb, me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, vler\u00ebsohen si botimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb. Ato u ndoq\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrkaq, edhe nga botimet \u201cGjuha letrare p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u201d
\n(1976), \u201cNorma letrare komb\u00ebtare dhe kultura e gjuh\u00ebs\u201d (1973).<\/p>\n

Theksojm\u00eb, gjithashtu, botimin m\u00eb 1981 t\u00eb \u201cRregullat e pik\u00ebsimit t\u00eb shqipes\u201d, si projekt. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto vepra normative pat\u00ebn ndikim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe brenda dhe jasht\u00eb trojeve t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.
\nMb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb fuqishme p\u00ebr rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs kan\u00eb pasur, gjithashtu, botimi i veprave madhore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb shqiptare: \u201cFjalori i gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme shqipe\u201d (1980, 2000, 2006 ) dhe \u201cGramatika e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (1978).<\/p>\n

Veprimtaria n\u00eb l\u00ebmin e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs dhe sidomos puna p\u00ebr past\u00ebrin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, prej vitesh, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb problem i mpreht\u00eb i cili vijon edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. P\u00ebr t\u201fu p\u00ebrmendur jan\u00eb faqet e revist\u00ebs \u201cGjuha jon\u00eb\u201d kushtuar z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebset e tyre p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb shqipes dhe libri \u201cFjalor p\u00ebr past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d (1998).<\/p>\n

Problemet teorike e praktike t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs kan\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb vend t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe n\u00eb disa prej konferencave shkencore komb\u00ebtare, si: \u201cGjuha letrare komb\u00ebtare shqiptare sot\u201d (Tiran\u00eb, 1992), \u201cShqipja standarde dhe shoq\u00ebria shqiptare sot\u201d (Tiran\u00eb, 2002) si dhe Konferencat shkencore me rastin e p\u00ebrvjetorit t\u00eb Kongresit t\u00eb Drejtshkrimit (Tiran\u00eb, 1982. Tiran\u00eb, 1997, Kor\u00e7\u00eb, 2012).<\/p>\n

Interesimi p\u00ebr problemet e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. N\u00eb Institutin Albanologjik t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar sektori shkencor i kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs dhe jan\u00eb botuar p\u00ebrmbledhjet \u201c\u00c7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb norm\u00ebs letrare\u201d (1980) dhe revista gjuh\u00ebsore \u201cGjuha shqipe\u201d (Prishtin\u00eb 1982), q\u00eb i kushtohet dukurive t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, norm\u00ebs letrare dhe kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs sot. Aty ka artikuj problemor\u00eb, studime dhe diskutime, si dhe shkrime kritike e bibliografi, materiale e prurje nga gjuha e sotme, si dhe kronika shkencore. Numri par\u00eb i revist\u00ebs \u201cGjuha shqipe\u201d, doli m\u00eb 1982.<\/p>\n

Qysh at\u00ebher\u00eb e deri n\u00eb vitin 1990 dilte tri her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, kurse mbas atij viti, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive objektive t\u00eb krijuar nga shtypja serbe, revista qe nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb. Rifilloi t\u00eb dal\u00eb m\u00eb 1997 me dy numra n\u00eb vit, por p\u00ebrs\u00ebri qe nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb m\u00eb 1999 n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. M\u00eb vitin 2000 rifilloi t\u00eb dal\u00eb dhe botimi i saj vazhdon.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr dhe n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb pun\u00ebs shtet\u00ebrore e institucionale p\u00ebr kultur\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs, n\u00eb vitet \u201f70 t\u00eb shekullit XX filloi edhe nj\u00eb veprimtari m\u00ebsimore dhe studimore kushtuar gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb sken\u00ebs dhe ekranit. P\u00ebrmendim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebm\u00eb pun\u00ebn prej pioneri t\u00eb kryer nga Gjovalin Shkurtaj, s\u00eb pari, me ideimin e realizimin e nj\u00eb l\u00ebnde me titullin \u201cKultura e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb sken\u00eb dhe ekran\u201d, n\u00eb Institutin e Lart\u00eb t\u00eb Arteve (m\u00eb von\u00eb Universiteti i Arteve), duke hartuar e botuar s\u00eb pari, librin maket me titullin \u201cKultura e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb sken\u00eb dhe ekran\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 1983, 232 faqe, miratuar nga Instituti i Lart\u00eb i Arteve, Dega e Artit Dramatik, dhe, n\u00eb vijim tekstin m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb \u201cKultura e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb sken\u00eb dhe ekran\u201d, botim i Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb botuese t\u00eb Librit Shkollor, Tiran\u00eb, 1988, 300 faqe. M\u00eb 2003, Gjovalin Shkurtaj, botoi librin \u201cKahe dhe dukuri t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe\u201d, Sht\u00ebpia botuese \u201cKristalinaKH\u201d, 246 faqe, tekst m\u00ebsimor p\u00ebr student\u00ebt e deg\u00ebs s\u00eb gazetaris\u00eb, t\u00eb dram\u00ebs e t\u00eb regjis\u00eb, si dhe p\u00ebr aktor\u00ebt, regjisor\u00ebt, punonj\u00ebsit e mediave t\u00eb shkruara e t\u00eb folura. N\u00eb 2006 doli botimi i p\u00ebrpunuar i k\u00ebtij libri me titullin \u201cKultura e gjuh\u00ebs\u201d botuar nga SHBLU, Tiran\u00eb, 2006, 306 faqe.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto tekste kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb duart e shum\u00eb student\u00ebve t\u00eb deg\u00ebs s\u00eb dram\u00ebs e t\u00eb regjis\u00eb, si dhe t\u00eb deg\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb formohen me dije t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr kultur\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs n\u00eb teat\u00ebr, n\u00eb kinema dhe n\u00eb mediat e shkruara e t\u00eb folura. L\u00ebnda e tyre, sigurisht, na ka sh\u00ebrbyer edhe neve n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e pikave nyj\u00eb t\u00eb trajtimit n\u00eb doktoratur\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Revista \u201cGjuha jon\u00eb\u201d, me karakter shkencor e popullarizues, organ i Institutit t\u00eb Gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe Let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, trajton \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs letrare komb\u00ebtare, dukuri t\u00eb norm\u00ebs gjuh\u00ebsore e t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs dhe pastrimit e pasurimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fushat e veprimtaris\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore me fjal\u00ebn e shkruar e t\u00eb folur. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 artikujve, \u201cGjuha jon\u00eb\u201d boton edhe shkrime kritike e bibliografi, fjal\u00eb t\u00eb rralla, diskutime, p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb pyetjeve, materiale dhe vler\u00ebsime nga puna n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn dhe jeta shkencore n\u00eb vend dhe n\u00eb diasporat shqiptare.<\/p>\n

Nga hap\u00ebsirat e shqipes n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e n\u00eb Maqedoni jan\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u201fu p\u00ebrmendur, gjithashtu, botimet e disa studimeve, kryesisht punonj\u00ebs shkencor\u00eb t\u00eb Institutit Albanologjik t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs, prej t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb me interes librat : \u201cGjuha, ligj\u00ebrimi dhe fjala\u201d (2004) nga Shefkije Islamaj, \u201cGjuha e gazetave\u201d nga Bardh Rugova, Prishtin\u00eb 2009 etj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan Prof. Zymer Mehani Kultura e gjuh\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej deg\u00ebve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb merret me studimin dhe p\u00ebrcaktimin e norm\u00ebs letrare n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rrafshet e sistemit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs, me zbulimin e prirjeve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs letrare p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar mbi t\u00eb n\u00eb pajtim me k\u00ebto prirje, si dhe me rrug\u00ebt p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsimin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":42851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nKULTURA E GJUH\u00cbS SI TIPAR THEMELOR I KOMBIT - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kultura-e-gjuhes-si-tipar-themelor-i-kombit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KULTURA E GJUH\u00cbS SI TIPAR THEMELOR I KOMBIT - 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