{"id":69009,"date":"2021-05-25T23:28:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-25T21:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=69009"},"modified":"2021-05-25T23:28:40","modified_gmt":"2021-05-25T21:28:40","slug":"ndricim-i-denje-i-vecantive-te-letersise-gojore-shqipe-dhe-i-zhvillimit-te-saj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ndricim-i-denje-i-vecantive-te-letersise-gojore-shqipe-dhe-i-zhvillimit-te-saj\/","title":{"rendered":"NDRI\u00c7IM I DENJ\u00cb I VE\u00c7ANTIVE T\u00cb LET\u00cbRSIS\u00cb GOJORE SHQIPE DHE I ZHVILLIMIT T\u00cb SAJ"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sabahajdin Cena<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anton Nik\u00eb Berisha, Hyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe<\/em>. Sht\u00ebpia Botuese \u201cFaik Konica\u201d, Prishtin\u00eb 2017, f. 622.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ndihmes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe studiuesit e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\" N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur, si student\u00ebve t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve e po ashtu edhe t\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij l\u00ebmi, u ishte tejet i nevojsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb hulumtim dhe ndri\u00e7im n\u00eb diakroni dhe sinkroni i k\u00ebsaj let\u00ebrsie, profesor Anton Nik\u00eb Berisha e pasuroi vargun e studimeve t\u00eb tij me botimin e vepr\u00ebs \u201cHyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe\u201d. Ky lib\u00ebr l\u00ebshon edhe nj\u00eb rreze drite n\u00eb studimin e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqiptare q\u00eb vjen si nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb e nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs interpretimi me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb hapet kjo godin\u00eb e madh\u00ebrishme e njohur si let\u00ebrsi gojore brenda let\u00ebrsis\u00eb shqipe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

Kjo vep\u00ebr kulmore e hulumtimeve dhe e shkrimeve t\u00eb prof. dr. Anton Nik\u00eb Berish\u00ebs, studiuesve u erdhi pas veprave: Mund\u00ebsi interpretimi, Ese dhe v\u00ebshtrime<\/em>, Prishtin\u00eb 1979, Teksti poetik. V\u00ebshtrime e kritika<\/em>, Prishtin\u00eb 1985, Ve\u00e7anti ligj\u00ebrimesh poetike,<\/em> Tiran\u00eb 1996, Gjymtime dhe sh\u00ebmtime t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb<\/em>, Prishtin\u00eb 2001, \u00c7\u00ebshtje teorike t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb,<\/em> Prishtin\u00eb 2005, Nj\u00ebmend\u00ebsia e fjal\u00ebve. Mund\u00ebsi interpretimesh letrare.<\/em> Prishtin\u00eb 2006, Interpretime t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb.<\/em> Kozenc\u00eb 2008, K\u00ebng\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrligjin pasurin\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb shqiptarit e t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Mbi k\u00ebng\u00ebt kreshnike shqiptare<\/em>, Prishtin\u00eb 2008, V\u00ebzhgime teorike dhe estetike t\u00eb De Rad\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb Fisht\u00ebs<\/em>, Tiran\u00eb 2011, Larmi v\u00ebzhgimesh letrare<\/em>, Prishtin\u00eb 2012, \u201cMeshari\u201d \u2013 vep\u00ebr e hartuar nga Gjon Buzuku.<\/em> Fondazione Universitaria \u201cFrancesco Solano\u201d. Comet Editore Press. Kozenc\u00eb 2014 (Botimi i dyt\u00eb \u201cFaik Konica\u201d, Prishtin\u00eb 2014), Ligj\u00ebrime rreth tekstit letrar poetik<\/em> (s\u00eb bashku me Labinot Berish\u00ebn), Prishtin\u00eb 2017, V\u00ebzhgime mbi \u201cPoetik\u00ebn\u201d e Aristotelit<\/em>. Studim. Faik Konica, Prishtin\u00eb 2018, Estetika dhe estetika e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb <\/em>(s\u00eb bashku me Labinot Berish\u00ebn), Qen\u00ebsia e kumtit poetik. Libri i parath\u00ebnieve 2.<\/em> Faik Konica, Prishtin\u00eb 2019 e shum\u00eb vepra t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Libri \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndar\u00eb n\u00eb pes\u00eb pjes\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrohet me aparatur\u00eb shkencore (fusnota e bibliografi) tejet t\u00eb begatshme e nj\u00ebherit edhe udh\u00ebzuese p\u00ebr studime edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb thella n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore, p\u00ebrball\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb zhvillimit dhe t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnduarit e t\u00eb rr\u00ebfyerit si dhe t\u00eb studimeve krahasimtare brenda dhe jasht\u00ebletrare n\u00eb rrafshe t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb tekstit, t\u00eb tematik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb motiveve.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cHyrjes n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe\u201d autori shtron \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb karakterit teorik e problemor t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj let\u00ebrsie si: Poetika e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore p\u00ebrball\u00eb poetik\u00ebs s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar, t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebtat dhe ve\u00e7antit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb artit t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs; merr n\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim raportin e krijuesit gojor dhe p\u00ebrcjell\u00ebsit gojor, duke v\u00ebzhguar m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e lindjes, ligjet krijuese, zhvillimin dhe funksionimin e krijimtaris\u00eb letrare gojore. Studiuesi Berisha thekson se let\u00ebrsia gojore, si art i fjal\u00ebs s\u00eb folur, n\u00ebp\u00ebr shekuj qe krijimtaria shpirt\u00ebrore, e cila me cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e veta b\u00ebri at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mund ta b\u00ebnte n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb asnj\u00eb form\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e artit q\u00eb krijoi njeriu.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb ai thekson se \u00e7do krijimtari shpirt\u00ebrore n\u00eb zhvillimin e saj ka dhe mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb, e cila n\u00eb intervale kohore p\u00ebson dhe transformohet, po asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk shk\u00ebputet krejt\u00ebsisht prej saj. Edhe kur nj\u00eb krijimtari e nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb caktuar i kund\u00ebrvihet ose synon ta mohoj\u00eb tradit\u00ebn ekzistuese, ajo n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e determinon dhe ekzistimin brenda saj.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb librit t\u00eb vet ai e p\u00ebrmbyllur me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen, p\u00ebrher\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe nj\u00ebherit komplekse, t\u00eb klasifikimit. Dukurin\u00eb e trajton nga aspekte t\u00eb ndryshme. Ai thekson se klasifikimi n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb tematik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb motiveve nuk sjell ndonj\u00eb rezultat t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe i jep p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi interpretimit t\u00eb vet\u00eb veprave letrare gojore, strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb rr\u00ebfimit, mesazhit artistik, mikro dhe makrostruktur\u00ebs dhe elementeve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb krijimit letrar gojor, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht studimit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00eb veprave konkrete t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb ai sjell mendimin e Horkhaimerit dhe t\u00eb Adornos, ku thuhet se klasifikimi \u00ebsht\u00eb kusht p\u00ebr njohje, ai vet\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb njohje, nd\u00ebrsa njohja e m\u00ebnjanon klasifikimin.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb krijimeve t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj vepre, q\u00eb b\u00ebn pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb saj, prof. Berisha p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e hershme t\u00eb ekzistimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj krijimtarie te shqiptar\u00ebt, duke filluar nga viti 1474, q\u00eb lidhet me t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00ebn e historianit venecian, Anton Sabeliki rreth ekzistimit t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve p\u00ebr kryetrimin arb\u00ebror\u00eb, Gjergj Kastriotin Sk\u00ebnderbeun. Ai sh\u00ebnon se kishte d\u00ebgjuar k\u00ebng\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebndoheshin dhe vall\u00ebzoheshin n\u00ebp\u00ebr udh\u00ebkryqe e sheshe p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave himnizohej kryetrimi. Vazhdohet me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb jep Marin Barleti, i cili shkruan p\u00ebr ekzistimin e gj\u00ebmave dhe t\u00eb vajtimeve, t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb d\u00ebshmohen edhe nga Dhimit\u00ebr Frangu, Pjet\u00ebr Budi, Evlia \u00c7elebiut etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vijim autori thekson r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e rapsodis\u00eb s\u00eb Pal Golemit t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, t\u00eb mbledhur nga prifti italian, Nilo Katalano para vitit 1693 (Katalano vdiq n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri m\u00eb 1693). Teksti i k\u00ebsaj rapsodie u gjet n\u00eb Fjalorthin n\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim italisht – shqip t\u00eb k\u00ebtij misionari italian. Po k\u00ebshtu autori ndri\u00e7on r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e madhe t\u00eb \u201cDor\u00ebshkrimit t\u00eb Kieutit\u201d i vitit (1735-1750), ku pos shkrimeve t\u00eb ndryshme, jan\u00eb edhe 18 rapsodi arb\u00ebreshe.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb interpretim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb Berisha i b\u00ebn p\u00ebrmbledhjes me rapsodi arb\u00ebreshe t\u00eb vitit 1866: \u201cRapsodi t\u00eb nj\u00eb poeme arb\u00ebreshe\u201d, t\u00eb mbledhur n\u00eb kolonit\u00eb e rrethit t\u00eb Napolit dhe botuar nga De Rada. \u00cbsht\u00eb nga v\u00ebllimet m\u00eb t\u00eb shquara t\u00eb gjith\u00eb tradit\u00ebs letrare gojore arb\u00ebreshe dhe asaj shqiptare. Kjo p\u00ebrmbledhje me rapsodi arb\u00ebreshe dallohet p\u00ebr vlera t\u00eb larta shpreh\u00ebse poetike, e cila ndikoi fuqish\u00ebm te disa shkrimtar\u00eb arb\u00ebresh\u00eb, midis tyre dhe t\u00eb vet\u00eb De Rada. Me vlerat e tilla k\u00ebto rapsodi zgjuan nj\u00eb interesim t\u00eb madh nd\u00ebr arb\u00ebresh\u00eb, por dhe nd\u00ebr t\u00eb huaj, sidomos nd\u00ebr italian\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019i d\u00ebshmuar vlerat e k\u00ebtyre rapsodive autori sjell shum\u00eb shembuj, ku mir\u00ebfilli d\u00ebshmohen vlerat e shum\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve si tekste, si realizime t\u00eb ndryshme form\u00ebsore e kuptimore, t\u00eb ngritura mbi baz\u00ebn e tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb poezis\u00eb son\u00eb gojore. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi, secili q\u00eb i studion me kujdes dhe thellohet n\u00eb qen\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre, p\u00ebrher\u00eb ka \u00e7ka t\u2019i shtoj\u00eb asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr to, ka mund\u00ebsi t\u2019i v\u00ebshtroj\u00eb e t\u2019i interpretoj\u00eb nga shum\u00eb aspekte, p\u00ebr arsye se si krijime t\u00eb pasura letrare artistike, ato \u00e7do her\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb ndryshme var\u00ebsisht prej k\u00ebrkesave dhe pretendimeve shum\u00eb disiplinore edhe n\u00eb fush\u00ebn krahasimtare.<\/p>\n

Ngusht\u00eb lidhur me Rapsodit\u00eb<\/em> e botuara nga De Rada n\u00eb vitin 1866, studiuesi Berisha e v\u00ebshtron dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjen homerike. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, disa autor\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs letrare gojore, i hartuan veprat e tyre t\u00eb shkruara mbi baz\u00ebn e modelit dhe struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve dhe i shpall\u00ebn t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs gojore, si\u00e7 vepruan, fjala vjen, Zef Skiro (Plaku) dhe Gavril Dara i Riu. Dihet se \u00e7\u00ebshtjes homerike i priu dukuria e mistifikimit letrar, q\u00eb mb\u00ebrriti kulmin me Xhejms Makfersonin e Proper Merimen\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm studiuesi Berisha e jep n\u00eb ndri\u00e7imin e elementeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta dhe dalluese t\u00eb rr\u00ebfimit lirik dhe rr\u00ebfimit epik, q\u00eb v\u00ebrehen n\u00eb disa elemente, fjala vjen, n\u00eb dukurin\u00eb e formul\u00ebsimeve, n\u00eb modelet metrike sintaktike, n\u00eb epitetet stolis\u00ebs e, n\u00eb imazhet poetike, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn etj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb ai e v\u00ebshtron r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe funksionin e formul\u00ebsimeve n\u00eb epik\u00ebn gojore shqiptare, ve\u00e7mas te k\u00ebng\u00ebt e kreshnik\u00ebve. Kjo dukuri si baz\u00eb ka arritjen e nj\u00eb varg studiuesve t\u00eb shquar, si A. Shmaus, Milman Parry, Albert Lordi etj. Berisha konstaton se formul\u00ebsimet si teknika epike, nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb tekst apo me nj\u00eb qark t\u00eb caktuar tematik t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebs, por ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren (n\u00ebse paraqitet situata ose detaji i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb i veprimit) e t\u00eb futen (inkuadrohen) n\u00eb secilin tekst, para s\u00eb gjithash kur krijohen k\u00ebng\u00eb t\u00eb reja ashtu si\u00e7 theksojn\u00eb edhe komparatist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore.<\/p>\n

Autori ndri\u00e7on gjer\u00ebsisht fillimet e njohjes s\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane, ku p\u00ebrfshihet nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb m\u00eb se 150 vje\u00e7are, q\u00eb lidhet me kontributet e Ksylanderit, e Hahnit, Pedersenit, Lambertzit, Biondellit, Shtirit, Grim\u00ebve, Majerit, Jarnikut e t\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb ngjall\u00ebn dhe ringjall\u00ebn interesimin p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb gojore shqipe.<\/p>\n

Hulumtime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme rreth epik\u00ebs gojore<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ebmendja kryesore n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr i kushtohet pa dyshim epik\u00ebs gojore shqiptare, e cila studiohet n\u00eb krahasim me llojet e tjera letrare gojore shqiptare po dhe t\u00eb traditave t\u00eb tjera epike t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore, duke filluar nga epet e lashta, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb nga Iliada dhe Odiseja. Ai thekson se k\u00ebng\u00ebt kreshnike shqiptare p\u00ebrligjin pasurin\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb shqiptarit e bot\u00ebs s\u00eb tij dhe paraqesin nj\u00eb thesar t\u00eb madh artistik. N\u00eb qen\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre k\u00ebng\u00ebt kreshnike p\u00ebrligjin nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb legjendare, nj\u00eb bot\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb mitologjike e kalor\u00ebsiake, ku funksion t\u00eb madh kan\u00eb qeniet mitike si or\u00ebt, zanat dhe shtojzovallet. K\u00ebto k\u00ebng\u00eb i cil\u00ebson organizimi shoq\u00ebror matriarkat. Pra, n\u00ebna udh\u00ebheq n\u00eb familje.<\/p>\n

Rreth r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre k\u00ebng\u00ebve Anton Nik\u00eb Berisha shkruan: \u201cS\u2019ka dyshim se shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb autokton\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb elemente t\u00eb gjallimit, t\u00eb veprimit e t\u00eb organizimit shoq\u00ebror mbi baz\u00ebn e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs zakonore t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb si dhe t\u00eb trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb materiale e shpirt\u00ebrore, sidomos t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, e cila brenda gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb lashta indo\u00adevropiane ka m\u00ebvet\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet. T\u00eb till\u00eb jan\u00eb dhe n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb letrare gojore, n\u00eb p\u00ebrralla e kall\u00ebzime, n\u00eb goj\u00ebdh\u00ebna e n\u00eb anekdota, n\u00eb epik\u00eb dhe n\u00eb lirik\u00eb, natyrisht bashk\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha ato p\u00ebrkime tematike motivore me krijimtarit\u00eb e popujve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Juglindore, si tipare t\u00eb krijimtarive t\u00eb popujve fqinj\u00eb, por edhe t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, pa marr\u00eb parasysh hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn gjeografike, rac\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb fetare.<\/p>\n

Shqiptar\u00ebt, si popull i lasht\u00eb kan\u00eb ruajtur edhe n\u00eb krijimtarin\u00eb e tyre letrare gojore doke e zakone t\u00eb lashta, rite pagane e qenie mitike, q\u00eb jan\u00eb tipike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb stad t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb ekzistimit dhe t\u00eb zhvi\u00adllimit t\u00eb njeriut. S\u00eb k\u00ebndejmi edhe studimi i epik\u00ebs gojore shqiptare brenda fe\u00adnomenit epik evropian \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb objekt trajtimi lasht\u00ebsin\u00eb e epikave gojore t\u00eb popujve q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trev\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u2019i trajtuar elementet e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i par\u00eb ndryshimet q\u00eb shprehen n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn tekstore si dhe n\u00eb dukurit\u00eb jasht\u00ebtekstore t\u00eb krijimeve epike dhe jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb tyre\u201d.<\/p>\n

Studiuesi Berisha e v\u00ebshtron dukurin\u00eb e ekzistimit t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebtar\u00ebve bredh\u00ebs te shqiptar\u00ebt p\u00ebr ta theksuar gjendjen e k\u00ebng\u00ebve t\u00eb shkurta dhe t\u00eb gjata epike me t\u00eb cilat qen\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb varg studiuesish, si Hahni A. Shmausi, Stavro Skendi, Dragutin Mi\u00e7oviqi etj.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmet Berisha ve\u00e7on dhe e ndri\u00e7on krijimtarin\u00eb e Maksimialm Labertzit, i cili p\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb u mor me lirik\u00ebn, me epik\u00ebn dhe me p\u00ebrrall\u00ebn shqipe, jo vet\u00ebm duke i studiuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtim, por edhe duke i p\u00ebrkthyer shum\u00eb sosh n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn gjermane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ato u b\u00ebn t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreth t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shqyrtim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb Berisha u b\u00ebn dy llojeve t\u00eb proz\u00ebs gjore shqipe: p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs dhe anekdot\u00ebs, duke ndri\u00e7uar elemente t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb tekstit t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e ndri\u00e7on poetik\u00ebn e p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs, nj\u00ebrit nd\u00ebr krijimet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb proz\u00ebs gojore shqiptare, por dhe t\u00eb popujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar hulumtimet e ndryshme t\u00eb disa studiuesve t\u00eb shquar si v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Grim, Prop, Stros, Betelhajm, Lyti etj., \u00a0ku e v\u00ebshtron p\u00ebrrall\u00ebn p\u00ebrball\u00eb mitit dhe \u00ebndrr\u00ebs. Nj\u00ebherit, i ndri\u00e7on \u00a0format e shtjellimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs; struktur\u00ebn kompozicionale, kontekstin poetologjik dhe raportin nd\u00ebrmjet p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs gojore dhe asaj t\u00eb shkruar. Me p\u00ebrkujdesje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb studiuesi Berisha i qaset edhe anekdot\u00ebs si struktur\u00eb tekstore p\u00ebr t\u2019u ndalur n\u00eb poent\u00ebn dhe mesazhin q\u00eb bartin anekdotat n\u00eb raport me koh\u00ebn dhe vendin pa l\u00ebn\u00eb anash as rr\u00ebfimtarin.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e tret\u00eb t\u00eb librit autori i ndri\u00e7on nj\u00eb varg dukurish e mendimesh t\u00eb autor\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, shqiptar\u00eb e t\u00eb huaj, rreth let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb disa llojeve t\u00eb saj, duke u nisur nga arb\u00ebreshi Vin\u00e7enc Dorsa, i cili i shfaqi nj\u00eb varg mendimesh p\u00ebr disa lloje t\u00eb poezis\u00eb gojore arb\u00ebreshe, pastaj ato t\u00eb Dhimit\u00ebr Kamard\u00ebs, t\u00eb kontributit p\u00ebr natyr\u00ebn dhe trajtat e k\u00ebng\u00ebve t\u00eb cilat i mblodhi dhe i botoi n\u00eb \u201cSprov\u00eb gramatikore krahasuese mbi gjuh\u00ebn shqipe\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb te korrespondenca, kontributi dhe roli i Jernej Kpitarit p\u00ebr njohjen e k\u00ebng\u00ebve popullore shqipe, po dhe n\u00eb tendencat e Vuk Karaxhiqit dhe t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb sllavist\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulnin t\u2019i zbehnin dhe mohonin vlerat e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqiptare. K\u00ebtyre autor\u00ebve Berisha u kund\u00ebrvihet me argumente t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura n\u00eb tekstet e krijimeve e t\u00eb vlerave t\u00eb tyre shpreh\u00ebse poetike.<\/p>\n

Po p\u00ebrmend k\u00ebtu qasjen konstruktive q\u00eb Berisha u b\u00ebn t\u00eb njoh\u00ebsve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb epik\u00ebs gojore t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, si Mark Milani, i cili shquhet p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrimet dhe vler\u00ebsimet e tij t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr k\u00ebng\u00ebt e shqiptar\u00ebve dhe p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb gojore shqiptare n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, Maksimilian Lambertzin p\u00ebr kontributin e tij n\u00eb studimin e epik\u00ebs, Matia Murkos dhe p\u00ebrmbledhjes s\u00eb tij \u201cGjurm\u00ebve t\u00eb epik\u00ebs…\u201d, me \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e parath\u00ebnies s\u00eb \u201cKang\u00ebve popullore gegnishte\u201d t\u00eb Vin\u00e7enc Prenushit, p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrmbyllur me pik\u00ebpamjet mbi krahasimin nd\u00ebrmjet dhjet\u00ebrrok\u00ebshit shqiptar dhe dhjet\u00ebrrok\u00ebshit serb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht te p\u00ebrkthimi i Dragutin Mi\u00e7oviqit me \u00e7\u2019rast konstaton se paraqitja e k\u00ebng\u00ebve kreshnike shqiptare n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn serbe \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dob\u00ebt, \u201cp\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb e sh\u00ebmtuar\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas Berish\u00ebs, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrkthim d\u00ebshmohet dhe di\u00e7ka e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: vargu dhjet\u00ebrrok\u00ebsh i k\u00ebng\u00ebve kreshnike shqipe, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb Mi\u00e7oviqit q\u00eb ta bart\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn serbe sa m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht, ka dal\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, varg me natyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Pra, ky ndryshim i madh i natyrave t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dy vargjeve e hedh posht\u00eb teorin\u00eb tendencioze t\u00eb disa studiuesve sllav se kinse vargu dhjet\u00ebrrok\u00ebsh serb na qenka huazuar nga shqiptar\u00ebt!<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb studiuesi trajton edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs krahasimtare, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht rreth origjinalitetit, ndikimeve dhe p\u00ebrkimeve t\u00eb epik\u00ebs gojore me epik\u00ebn e shkruar n\u00eb rrafshin e tematik\u00ebs e t\u00eb motiveve, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pik\u00ebtakimet me narracionin shqip n\u00eb raport me motivet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb p\u00ebrrallave (migration story), gjithnj\u00eb duke i v\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb llojet e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb son\u00eb gojore me krijimtarin\u00eb gojore t\u00eb popujve ballkanik\u00eb dhe m\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pjesa e kat\u00ebrt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e em\u00ebrton me \u201cInterpretime: Konkret\u00ebsi e ve\u00e7anti\u201d, fillon me punimin \u201cHyji n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebt tona kreshnike\u201d, ku autori ka v\u00ebn\u00eb mendimin e N\u00ebn\u00ebs Tereze: \u201cT\u00eb besosh dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb jetosh […] Besimi \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb qen\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e jona\u201d. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb autori e v\u00ebshtron edhe funksionin e formul\u00ebsimeve n\u00eb \u201cHalili merr Begzad\u00ebn e Bardh\u00eb\u201d, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket ciklit t\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve t\u00eb kreshnik\u00ebve dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga pjes\u00ebt artistikisht m\u00eb t\u00eb ngritura t\u00eb poezis\u00eb gojore shqipe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Cikli shtrihet n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb trojeve shqiptare, po ka b\u00ebr\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e m\u00eb intensive n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt veriore, n\u00eb ato alpike \u2013 rurale.<\/p>\n

Autori e interpreton mir\u00ebfilli K\u00ebng\u00ebn e Pal Golemit, q\u00eb d\u00ebshmon p\u00ebr mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e simbolik\u00ebs e t\u00eb metaforave q\u00eb ta p\u00ebrmbyll\u00eb me nj\u00eb krijim n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb pasur poetik, pastaj tragjiken dhe kuptim\u00ebsin\u00eb e flijimit t\u00eb murosjes s\u00eb gruas n\u00eb ura e k\u00ebshtjella e me variante q\u00eb i ndan koha prej nj\u00eb shekulli n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn pjes\u00eb autori v\u00eb theks t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb mbi raportin nd\u00ebrmjet tradit\u00ebs son\u00eb komb\u00ebtare dhe flijimit t\u00eb gruas n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebt tona me tem\u00eb t\u00eb murimit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnies dhe t\u00eb mbajtjes s\u00eb bes\u00ebs, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht t\u00eb betimit, duke kundruar tri aktet themelore t\u00eb tragjikes dhe t\u00eb s\u00eb madh\u00ebrishmes kur vdekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn e gjithmbarshme njer\u00ebzore ngadh\u00ebnjen. Berisha e v\u00ebshtron edhe p\u00ebrmas\u00ebn artistike t\u00eb poezive gojore kushtuar Lidhjes s\u00eb Prizrenit si dhe raportin realiteti artistik \u2013 \u00a0realiteti konkret (historik).<\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebn e kat\u00ebrt t\u00eb librit e p\u00ebrmbyll interpretimi i p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs \u201cDjali i Begut dhe Sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtori marrin gruen e Kacabashit\u201d, ku p\u00ebrligjet \u201cLoja e fjal\u00ebve\u201d: Kush d\u00ebgjoft\u00eb e tregoft\u00eb gur mermeri u mbaroft\u00eb<\/em> dhe Kush d\u00ebgjoft\u00eb e mos tregoft\u00eb gur mermeri u mbaroft\u00eb\u201d<\/em>. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb krijim t\u00eb proz\u00ebs gojore Berisha shkruan: \u201c[…] strukturimi dhe funksionalizimi i elementeve t\u00eb k\u00ebtilla qen\u00ebsore, sidomos i formul\u00ebsimit kryesor, \u00e7el\u00ebs, i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrrall\u00ebs shqipe nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi dhe form\u00eb unike artistike, nj\u00eb dinamiz\u00ebm e rit\u00ebm, nj\u00eb kuptim\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, q\u00eb kusht\u00ebzon nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm estetik t\u00eb secilit q\u00eb e d\u00ebgjon apo e lexon\u201d.<\/p>\n

Libri \u201cHyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe\u201d i Anton Nik\u00eb Berish\u00ebs p\u00ebrmbyllet me v\u00ebzhgimet rreth p\u00ebrkimeve poetike t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar me let\u00ebrsin\u00eb gojore shqipe n\u00eb periudha t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb poezi, n\u00eb proz\u00eb dhe n\u00eb dram\u00eb, duke filluar nga fundi i shekullit XIX deri n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb fenomeni v\u00ebzhgohet n\u00eb poezin\u00eb e Lasgush Poradecit, pastaj n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e I. Kadares\u00eb \u201cUra me tri harqe\u201d (Legjenda e flijimit-murosjes).<\/p>\n

T\u00eb p\u00ebrmend k\u00ebtu faktin se fenomenin e p\u00ebrkimeve poetike studiuesi Berisha e ka v\u00ebshtruar dhe n\u00eb libra paraprak\u00eb si, fjala vjen, \u00a0te vepra \u201cMeshari\u201d i Gjon Buzukut, te poezia e Pjet\u00ebr Budit, e De Rad\u00ebs, e Gavril Dar\u00ebs, e Fisht\u00ebs, proza e Azem Shkrelit etj.<\/p>\n

Thell\u00ebsia dhe rrafshi i ngritur i v\u00ebshtrimit t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve dhe t\u00eb ve\u00e7antive t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore, ndri\u00e7imi i raportit me let\u00ebrsin\u00eb e shkruar, metodologjia e qasjes, konceptet e q\u00ebndrueshme, sakt\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nocioneve si dhe dukurit\u00eb rreth ndryshimit dhe evoluimit t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb krijimtaris\u00eb gojore n\u00eb rrafshet diakroni – sinkroni, d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00eb studimore t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ky lib\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb: p\u00ebr student\u00ebt, p\u00ebr profesor\u00ebt q\u00eb e japin si l\u00ebnd\u00eb m\u00ebsimi let\u00ebrsin\u00eb gojore, p\u00ebr studiuesit e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb duan ta njohin mir\u00ebfilli k\u00ebt\u00eb krijimtari, t\u00eb thellohen n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e \u00a0trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb son\u00eb t\u00eb pasur, q\u00eb mbijetoi me shekuj pavar\u00ebsisht stuhive e murrlan\u00ebve. Merita kryesore u p\u00ebrket k\u00ebng\u00ebtar\u00ebve dhe rr\u00ebfimtar\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e krijuan dhe e p\u00ebrcoll\u00ebn \u00a0gjat\u00eb shekujve p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sabahajdin Cena Anton Nik\u00eb Berisha, Hyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe. Sht\u00ebpia Botuese \u201cFaik Konica\u201d, Prishtin\u00eb 2017, f. 622. Ndihmes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr student\u00ebt dhe studiuesit e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore N\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur, si student\u00ebve t\u00eb let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe, m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebsve e po ashtu edhe t\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij l\u00ebmi, u ishte tejet i nevojsh\u00ebm nj\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture"],"yoast_head":"\nNDRI\u00c7IM I DENJ\u00cb I VE\u00c7ANTIVE T\u00cb LET\u00cbRSIS\u00cb GOJORE SHQIPE DHE I ZHVILLIMIT T\u00cb SAJ - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/ndricim-i-denje-i-vecantive-te-letersise-gojore-shqipe-dhe-i-zhvillimit-te-saj\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NDRI\u00c7IM I DENJ\u00cb I VE\u00c7ANTIVE T\u00cb LET\u00cbRSIS\u00cb GOJORE SHQIPE DHE I ZHVILLIMIT T\u00cb SAJ - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sabahajdin Cena Anton Nik\u00eb Berisha, Hyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb gojore shqipe. 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