{"id":6967,"date":"2016-09-22T21:07:32","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T20:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=6967"},"modified":"2021-05-02T04:14:44","modified_gmt":"2021-05-02T02:14:44","slug":"permendjet-e-ekzistences-se-gjuhes-shqipe-sipas-studiuesit-robert-elsie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/permendjet-e-ekzistences-se-gjuhes-shqipe-sipas-studiuesit-robert-elsie\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00cbRMENDJET E EKZISTENC\u00cbS S\u00cb GJUH\u00cbS SHQIPE SIPAS STUDIUESIT ROBERT ELSIE"},"content":{"rendered":"

E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sipas albanologut kanadez Robert Elsie, shqiptar\u00ebt hyn\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00ebn e historis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar pasklasike n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XI dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shekull, sipas tij, mund t\u00eb flitet me siguri mbi nj\u00eb popull shqiptar ashtu si\u00e7 e njohim sot. Sipas k\u00ebtij studiuesi t\u00eb shquar, n\u00eb Historin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb vitet 1079-1080, historiani bizantin Mihal Ataliates (Michael Attaleiates) flet p\u00ebr Albanoi si pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e nj\u00eb kryengritjeje kund\u00ebr Konstantinopolit n\u00eb vitin 1043 si dhe p\u00ebr Arbanitai si nj\u00eb popull i princit t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu rreth vitit 1081, Jan Skilica (Joannes Skylitzes), nj\u00eb historian tjet\u00ebr bizantin, flet p\u00ebr Arbanites si ushtar\u00eb n\u00eb trupat e mbledhura n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs nga Nikeforos Basilakios. Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb gjeografit Ptolemeus nga periudha romake, k\u00ebto jan\u00eb rastet e para t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb shkruar t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs Alban-, Arban- \u00ebka, q\u00eb tregon se populli shqiptar fillon t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb fizionomi dhe nj\u00eb identitet edhe p\u00ebr popuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00cbRMENDJA E EKZISTENC\u00cbS S\u00cb GJUH\u00cbS SHQIPE Edhe ekzistenca e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe sipas R. Elsie p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XIII dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XIV. Bile brenda k\u00ebtyre viteve, 1285 deri n\u00eb 1332, ekzistenca e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe permendet kat\u00ebr her\u00eb:<\/p>\n

I. Rasti m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm, i vitit 1285, i takon jo Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb vet\u00eb, por krahin\u00ebs s\u00eb Dubrovnikut ose t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, ku jetonin mjaft shqiptar\u00eb. N\u00eb hetimet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vjedhje n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Petro del Volcio nga Belena, nj\u00ebfar\u00eb Matheus, biri i Markut prej Men\u00e7e, i cili ishte, si\u00e7 duket, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar i krimit, raportoi k\u00ebshtu latinisht: \u201cAudivi unam vocem clamantem in monte in lingua albanesca\u201d (D\u00ebgjova nj\u00eb z\u00eb duke thirrur n\u00eb mal n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn albaneske).<\/p>\n

II. Rasti tjet\u00ebr, ku p\u00ebrmendet gjuha shqipe gjendet n\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr anonime t\u00eb quajtur \u201cAnonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis\u201d
\n(P\u00ebrshkrim Anonim i Evrop\u00ebs Lindore). Kjo vep\u00ebr mesjetare latine e vitit 1308 trajton vendet dhe viset e Evrop\u00ebs Lindore, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht vendet e Gadishullit Ballkanik. Mendohet se autori ishte nj\u00eb prift fr\u00ebng i urdh\u00ebrit dominikan, i cili u d\u00ebrgua nga kisha n\u00eb S\u00ebrbi.<\/p>\n

Teksti i \u201cAnonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis\u201d ekziston n\u00eb disa dor\u00ebshkrime, si p\u00ebr shembull Ms. Lat 5515 dhe Ms. Lat. 14693 n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Parisit, Ms. 263 n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn e qytetit Poatie (Poitiers) n\u00eb Franc\u00eb dhe Cod. Lat. 66 n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn Universitare t\u00eb Laiden-it t\u00eb Holland\u00ebs. P\u00ebrshkrimi Anonim ka kapituj mbi viset e ndryshme t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb bizantine, mbi Rash\u00ebn, Bullgarin\u00eb, Rutenin\u00eb, Hungarin\u00eb, Polonin\u00eb, Bohemin\u00eb si dhe nj\u00eb kapitull mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendi dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebtij populli n\u00eb shekullin e kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tekst thuhet se Shqip\u00ebria ka \u201cbanor\u00eb me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb hark\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm… t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb qytete, kampe, fortifikime ose ferma, por jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7adra dhe jan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje nga nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb tjetrin.\u201d Kapitulli mbi Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb mbaron duke theksuar, edhe k\u00ebtu, ekzistenc\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe: \u201cHabent enim Albani prefati linguam distinctam a Latinis, Grecis et Sclavis ita quod in nullo se inteligunt cum aliis nationibus\u201d (Shqiptar\u00ebt e lartp\u00ebrmendur kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb nga gjuha e latin\u00ebve, e grek\u00ebve dhe e sllav\u00ebve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb fare me kombe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb);<\/p>\n

III. Rasti i tret\u00eb, ku gjuha shqipe p\u00ebrmendet, gjendet n\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar nga nj\u00eb shtegtar i krishter\u00eb n\u00eb udh\u00ebtim p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1322. Shkrimet e shtegtar\u00ebve n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb burim kryesor informacioni mbi vendet e Mesdheut Lindor n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, dy shtegtar\u00eb angloirlandez\u00eb me emrat Symeon Semeonis dhe Hugo Illuminator, q\u00eb mund t’i quajm\u00eb shqip Simon Simoni dhe Hugo Iluminatori, kaluan n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb vitin 1322 dhe Simoni shkroi p\u00ebrshtypjet e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj udh\u00ebp\u00ebrshkrimi. Kjo vep\u00ebr na jep nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim mjaft t\u00eb vlefsh\u00ebm t\u00eb bregdetit shqiptar n\u00eb shekullin XIV.<\/p>\n

Simon Simoni, nj\u00eb murg i urdh\u00ebrit fran\u00e7eskan, u nis nga Klonmeli i Irland\u00ebs n\u00eb pranver\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 1322 me shokun e tij Hugo Iluminator. Ata kaluan n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, Kant\u00ebrb\u00ebri, Dov\u00ebr, Visant, Paris, Bon, Lion, Avinjon, Nis\u00eb, Gjenov\u00eb, Bobbio, Pia\u00e7enc\u00eb, Parm\u00eb, Mantov\u00eb, Veron\u00eb, Vi\u00e7enc\u00eb deri n\u00eb Venedik. Nga Venediku udh\u00ebtuan me nj\u00eb anij\u00eb tregtare p\u00ebr n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb duke q\u00ebndruar gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs n\u00eb Pul\u00eb, Zadar, Dubrovnik, Ulqin, Durr\u00ebs, Korfuz, Qefaloni dhe Kret\u00eb, para se t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb Aleksandri. Vepra e Simonit, e njohur si Itinerarium Symonis Semeonis ab Hybernia ad Terram Sanctam (Rruga e Simon Simonit nga Irlanda deri n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebnjt\u00eb) ruhet n\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebn e Kolegjit Corpus Christi n\u00eb Kembrixh t\u00eb Anglis\u00eb. Duke udh\u00ebtuar n\u00eb bregdetin shqiptar, Simoni sh\u00ebnoi nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjerat:<\/p>\n

\u201cAlbanya est provincia inter Sclavoniam et Romanyam, per se linguam habens\u201d (Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb krahin\u00eb midis Sllavonis\u00eb dhe Romanis\u00eb, e cila ka nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebn). P\u00ebr qytetin e Durr\u00ebsit vazhdon k\u00ebshtu: \u201cInhabitatur enim Latinis, Grecis, Judeis perfidis, et barbaris Albanensibus\u201d (Banohet k\u00ebshtu nga latin\u00ebt, grek\u00ebt, \u00e7ifut\u00ebt e pabes\u00eb dhe barbar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb). N\u00eb trajtimin e qytetit t\u00eb Dubrovnikut flet edhe p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre barbar\u00ebve, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb: \u201cIn eadem dominantur Veneti, et ad eam confluunt Sclavi, Barbari, Paterini et alii scismatici negotiatores qui sunt gestu, habitu et lingua Latinis in omnibus difformest”<\/p>\n

(N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb [qytet] mbret\u00ebrojn\u00eb venedikasit dhe qarkullojn\u00eb k\u00ebtu edhe sllav\u00eb, barbar\u00eb, paterin\u00eb dhe tregtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb skismatik\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ndryshojn\u00eb krejt nga latin\u00ebt n\u00eb zakonet, veshjet dhe gjuh\u00ebt e tyre); IV. Rastin e kat\u00ebrt, ku p\u00ebrmendet ekzistenca e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe e kemi n\u00eb vitin 1332 n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e nj\u00eb murgu fr\u00ebng t\u00eb urdh\u00ebrit dominikan me emrin Brokard (Lat. Brocardus monacus). N\u00eb traktatin e tij latin, i quajtur Directorium ad passagium faciendum (Udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr kap\u00ebrcimin e detit), Brokardi sh\u00ebnon fjalin\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb let\u00ebrsin\u00eb shqipe:<\/p>\n

\u201cLicet Albanenses aliam omnino linguam a latina habeant et diversam, tamen litteram latinam habent in uso et in omnibus suis libris\u201d (Shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, krejt t\u00eb ndryshme nga latinishtja, megjithat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin shkronja latine n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb librat e tyre). Kjo fjali u interpretua nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb si nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e librave n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, por ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb se Brokardi e kishte fjal\u00ebn p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn latine t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi u jepet k\u00ebtyre kat\u00ebr rasteve, q\u00eb u sh\u00ebnuan brenda nj\u00eb periudhe prej dyzet e shtat\u00eb vjet\u00ebsh (1285-1332)? Ata tregojn\u00eb me qart\u00ebsi se n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, shqiptar\u00ebt kishin dal\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb sken\u00eb si komb me nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb dhe me zakonet e veta.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb kishte ndodhur?<\/strong>
\nQ\u00eb nga mbrritja e sllav\u00ebve n\u00eb jug t\u00eb Gadishullit Ballkanik dhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri deri n\u00eb pushtimin turk n\u00eb shekullin XV, shqiptar\u00ebt jetuan n\u00eb kontakt t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm me fqinj\u00ebt sllav\u00eb.\u00a0Mund t\u00eb flitet bile p\u00ebr nj\u00eb simbioz\u00eb apo bashk\u00ebjetes\u00eb sllavo-shqiptare n\u00eb shum\u00eb krahina t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj bashk\u00ebjetese, fiset nomade shqiptare po asimiloheshin nga sllav\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e popullsis\u00eb shqiptare qe asimiluar krejt\u00ebsisht dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr u t\u00ebrhoq dal\u00eb ngadal\u00eb n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb shqiptare, n\u00eb mal\u00ebsi. N\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb nuk kishte shum\u00eb banor\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr qytetet e bregdetit shqiptar. Banor\u00ebt e Durr\u00ebsit ishin kryesisht venedikas, grek\u00eb, \u00e7ifut\u00eb dhe sllav\u00eb. N\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr banonin venedikas dhe sllav\u00eb, kurse n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb grek\u00ebt bizantin\u00eb. Ashtu si indian\u00ebt n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Veriore pas kolonizimit evropian, popullata shqiptare qe m\u00ebnjanuar n\u00eb vendin e vet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit X Perandoria e Madhe Bullgare u pushtua nga grek\u00ebt e Bizantit duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb fiseve shqiptare, po ta quajm\u00eb k\u00ebshtu, nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr ta zgjeruar tok\u00ebn. Gjat\u00eb shekujve XI dhe XII shqiptar\u00ebt filluan t\u00eb l\u00ebviznin nga mal\u00ebsia, duke z\u00ebn\u00eb vend n\u00eb fush\u00ebn bregdetare t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut dhe t\u00eb Mesme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb u themelua shteti i par\u00eb shqiptar Arbanon, i cili pati jet\u00eb prej vitit 1190 deri n\u00eb vitin 1216. N\u00eb shekullin e XIII, shqiptar\u00ebt u konsoliduan si komb dhe u zgjeruan dal\u00eb ngadal\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb jugut, duke marr\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Jugut dhe Maqedonin\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n

Me koh\u00eb, zun\u00eb vend edhe n\u00eb gjith\u00eb Greqin\u00eb. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb zgjerim tok\u00ebsor dhe me k\u00ebt\u00eb konsolidim kuptohet q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt nuk ishin m\u00eb barbar\u00eb nomad\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt bridhnin n\u00ebp\u00ebr luginat e larg\u00ebta t\u00eb mal\u00ebsis\u00eb, por kishin filluar t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm si komb p\u00ebr popujt e tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1285-1332, si\u00e7 e pam\u00eb, gjuha shqipe p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb u b\u00eb nj\u00eb dukuri p\u00ebr shkrimtar\u00ebt e huaj q\u00eb kishin kontakt me pjes\u00ebn jugper\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Gadishullit Ballkanik. N\u00eb shekullin XV dol\u00ebn dokumentet e para t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe: 1405, 1462, 1483, 1497 dhe k\u00ebshtu, pas shum\u00eb shekujve n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb, kultura dhe let\u00ebrsia shqipe filluan m\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb. Ironia e fatit p\u00ebr ne \u00ebsht\u00eb se hapi i par\u00eb i daljes n\u00eb sken\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe lidhet me nj\u00eb vjedhje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Sipas albanologut kanadez Robert Elsie, shqiptar\u00ebt hyn\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00ebn e historis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar pasklasike n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XI dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shekull, sipas tij, mund t\u00eb flitet me siguri mbi nj\u00eb popull shqiptar ashtu si\u00e7 e njohim sot. Sipas k\u00ebtij studiuesi t\u00eb shquar, n\u00eb Historin\u00eb e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nP\u00cbRMENDJET E EKZISTENC\u00cbS S\u00cb GJUH\u00cbS SHQIPE SIPAS STUDIUESIT ROBERT ELSIE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/permendjet-e-ekzistences-se-gjuhes-shqipe-sipas-studiuesit-robert-elsie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u00cbRMENDJET E EKZISTENC\u00cbS S\u00cb GJUH\u00cbS SHQIPE SIPAS STUDIUESIT ROBERT ELSIE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Sipas albanologut kanadez Robert Elsie, shqiptar\u00ebt hyn\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00ebn e historis\u00eb s\u00eb shkruar pasklasike n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XI dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shekull, sipas tij, mund t\u00eb flitet me siguri mbi nj\u00eb popull shqiptar ashtu si\u00e7 e njohim sot. 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