{"id":69741,"date":"2021-06-19T10:57:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-19T08:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=69741"},"modified":"2021-06-19T11:34:53","modified_gmt":"2021-06-19T09:34:53","slug":"joseph-brodsky-cmimi-nobel-per-letersi-1987","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/joseph-brodsky-cmimi-nobel-per-letersi-1987\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Brodsky – \u00c7mimi Nobel p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi (1987)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brodski u d\u00ebbua nga Bashkimi Sovjetik n\u00eb vitin 1972, p\u00ebr pjesmarrjen e tij n\u00eb grupin e separatist\u00ebve rus t\u00eb koh\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb vitin 1963, poezia e tij u d\u00ebnua r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga regjimi i koh\u00ebs, duke e cil\u00ebsuar
\nsi nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr anti-sovjetike. Ata ia konfiskuan t\u00eb gjitha veprat, duke ia hequr
\nnga qarkullimi. Ata pasi e mor\u00ebn p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra n\u00eb pyetje, vendos\u00ebn q\u00eb ta
\n\u00e7onin n\u00eb nj\u00eb institut p\u00ebr t\u00eb meta mendore dhe m\u00eb pas e arrestuan.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Josif Aleksandrovi\u00e7 Brodski<\/strong> ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr poet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur sovjetik\u00eb, i cili u natyralizua si amerikan. Brodski u d\u00ebbua nga Bashkimi Sovjetik n\u00eb vitin 1972, p\u00ebr pjesmarrjen e tij n\u00eb grupin e separatist\u00ebve rus t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Ai kaloi kufirin rus me ndihm\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb W. H. Auden, i cili e ndihmoi at\u00eb t\u00eb shkonte drejt Amerik\u00ebs. N\u00eb Amerik\u00eb ai do t\u00eb punonte si profesor n\u00eb universitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura si: Yale, Michigan dhe Cambridge.<\/p>\n

Brodski do t\u00eb nderohej nga akademia suedeze me \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi n\u00eb vitin 1987, me motivacionin \u201cP\u00ebr nj\u00eb mendim t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb thell\u00eb<\/em>\u201d. N\u00eb vitin 1991, Josif Brodski u nderua me \u00e7mimin si poeti amerikan m\u00eb i mir\u00eb n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vitet e para<\/strong>:
\nJosif Brodski lindi m\u00eb 24 maj t\u00eb vitit 1940, n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje \u00e7ifute n\u00eb Leningrad. Babai i tij punonte si fotograf profesionist n\u00eb marin\u00ebn sovjetike, nd\u00ebrsa e \u00ebma ishte aktore profesioniste. Ata jetonin n\u00eb nj\u00eb apartament n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb mjeruara shoq\u00ebrore, sepse ata ishin \u00e7ifut\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb, Brodski p\u00ebrjetoi nj\u00eb gj\u00ebndje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb shpirt\u00ebrore, kur familja e tij u persekutua nga regjimi i koh\u00ebs, duke vuajtur p\u00ebr buk\u00ebn e goj\u00ebs, prej s\u00eb cil\u00ebs Brodski do t\u00eb s\u00ebmurej shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb. Shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb pas Brodski do t\u00eb deklaronte se n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ai ndjehej si dizident n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, sepse shum\u00eb nga m\u00ebsuesit e tij ishin antisemit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ai shtoi se n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Leninin nuk e urrenin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e tij, por dhe p\u00ebr imazhin e keq q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrcolli n\u00eb aren\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, e cila e penalizoi shum\u00eb vendin. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15 vje\u00e7are, Brodski e la shkoll\u00ebn dhe u p\u00ebrpoq q\u00eb t\u00eb futej n\u00eb marin\u00eb, por pa sukses. M\u00eb pas ai do t\u00eb punonte si pun\u00ebtor i thjesht\u00eb. M\u00eb pas ai do t\u00eb mbaronte studimet p\u00ebr fizik\u00eb me rezultate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera. Pas dipllomimit, ai filloi t\u00eb punonte pran\u00eb morgut t\u00eb burgut Kresty.<\/p>\n

Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb Brodski ndoqi nj\u00eb kurs vet-edukimi p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimin e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja. Ai m\u00ebsoi shum\u00eb mir\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn polake dhe filloi t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthente poet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb polak\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, ku nd\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ishte edhe Czeslav Milosz. Brodski gjithashtu p\u00ebrktheu edhe autor\u00eb amerikan\u00eb si John Donne, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt fal\u00eb tij u njoh\u00ebn edhe n\u00eb vendet jo anglisht fol\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

Karriera dhe familja<\/strong>:
\nJosif Brodski e filloi karrier\u00ebn e tij letrare n\u00eb vitin 1955, duke publikuar nj\u00eb seri t\u00eb madhe me poezi dhe p\u00ebrkthime t\u00eb autor\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj. Gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto ai i b\u00ebnte n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi, duke i publikuar n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn \u201cSintaksis<\/em>\u201d, p\u00ebr shkakun e vet\u00ebm se ishte i deklasuar. N\u00eb vitin 1960, Brodski u njoh me poetesh\u00ebn Ana Akhmatova<\/strong>, e cila m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb edhe k\u00ebshilltarja e tij.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1958, ai ishte shum\u00eb i njohur n\u00eb rrethet letrare t\u00eb koh\u00ebs me poemat e tij me titull: \u201cVarreza \u00e7ifute pran\u00eb Leningradit<\/em>\u201d dhe \u201cPelegrin\u00ebt<\/em>\u201d. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gazet\u00eb, pyetjes se si vendosi t\u00eb shkruante poema, ai iu p\u00ebrgjigj: \u201cIshte viti 1959, kur un\u00eb isha n\u00eb Yakutsk, aty shkova n\u00eb nj\u00eb librari dhe fillova t\u00eb lexoj poemat e Baratynskyt. Pas leximit t\u00eb atyre poemave, un\u00eb vendosa se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebja p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1962, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb feste n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg, Ana Akhmatova e prezantoi Brodskin me artisten Marina Basmanova<\/strong>. Q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb dhe deri n\u00eb vitin 1972, ku ai u d\u00ebbua nga vendi ata q\u00ebndruan bashk\u00eb, duke patur edhe nj\u00eb djal\u00eb me emrin Andrey, i cili m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb regjistrohej me mbiemrin e s\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak se Brodski ishte i deklasuar.<\/p>\n

Basmanova i q\u00ebndroi pran\u00eb Brodskit n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e tij gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb Archangelsk, por ajo nuk u martua kurr\u00eb me t\u00eb, sepse autoritetet e koh\u00ebs nuk ia lejuan nj\u00eb gj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb. Megjith\u00ebse n\u00eb dh\u00e9 t\u00eb huaj, Brodski nuk i braktisi ato. Ai iu shkruante atyre gjithmon\u00eb, duke i mbajtur kontaktet me to.<\/p>\n

Denoncimi<\/strong>:
\nN\u00eb vitin 1963, poezia e tij u d\u00ebnua r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga regjimi i koh\u00ebs, duke e cil\u00ebsuar si nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr anti-sovjetike. Ata ia konfiskuan t\u00eb gjitha veprat, duke ia hequr nga qarkullimi. Ata pasi e mor\u00ebn p\u00ebr or\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebra n\u00eb pyetje, vendos\u00ebn q\u00eb ta \u00e7onin n\u00eb nj\u00eb institut p\u00ebr t\u00eb meta mendore dhe m\u00eb pas e arrestuan. Pas nj\u00eb gjyqi sekret, n\u00eb vitin 1964 ai u akuzua si nj\u00eb parazit social.<\/p>\n

Ai u d\u00ebnua me 5 vjet burg me pun\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb me 18 muaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb n\u00eb Archangelsk, e cila ishte nj\u00eb rajon shum\u00eb i larg\u00ebt, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ai duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebnte pun\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda fizike. Pas k\u00ebtij vendimi \u00e7njer\u00ebzor, n\u00eb vitin 1965 n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik pati shum\u00eb protesta nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb poet\u00ebt dhe figurat m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb koh\u00ebs si: Evgeny Evtushenko, Dimitri Shostakovich dhe Jean Paul Sartre, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt iu bashkuan Akhmatov\u00ebs p\u00ebr ta rr\u00ebzuar k\u00ebt\u00eb vendim absurd. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb vendimi i gjykat\u00ebs doli jasht\u00eb kufijve, duke r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb duart e amerikan\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i sh\u00ebnd\u00ebrruan figurat e Brodskit dhe t\u00eb Akhmatov\u00ebs n\u00eb simbole t\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr totalitarizmit.<\/p>\n

Pas d\u00ebnimit, Brodski u rikthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb Leningrad. Ai vazhdoi karrier\u00ebn e tij aty ku e la, duke publikuar p\u00ebr shtat\u00eb vjet me radh\u00eb shum\u00eb poema, t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrkthyen n\u00eb gjermanisht, fr\u00ebngjisht dhe anglisht, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb shkrimtarin m\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb per\u00ebndim. N\u00eb k\u00ebto vite, figura e tij u rrit akoma m\u00eb shum\u00eb me publikimin e librit t\u00eb tij me titull: \u201cPoezi dhe poema<\/em>\u201d n\u00eb Uashington.<\/p>\n

Dy vite m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, u publikua libri me titull: \u201cElegji p\u00ebr John Donne<\/em>\u201d (1967), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Nju Jork u publikua \u201cNj\u00eb ndales\u00eb n\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00eb<\/em>\u201d (1970). N\u00eb Leningrad, Brodskit iu botuan vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr poema, t\u00eb cilat dol\u00ebn n\u00eb shitje midis viteve 1966-1967. Shum\u00eb vepra t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Leningrad qarkullonin n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe deri n\u00eb vitin 1987. P\u00ebr shkak se ishte \u00e7ifut, Brodskit iu ndalua rept\u00ebsisht q\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte jasht\u00eb vendit. N\u00eb vitin 1971, Brodski mori nj\u00eb ftes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb Israel, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai e refuzoi menj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin pasardh\u00ebs policia hyri me forc\u00eb n\u00eb apartamentin e tij, duke konfiskuar t\u00eb gjitha veprat dhe m\u00eb 4 qershor t\u00eb 1972, e d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb Vien\u00eb. K\u00ebtu Brodski u njoh me Auden, i cili e ndihmoi at\u00eb t\u00eb arratisej drejt Amerik\u00ebs, ku ai jetoi n\u00eb m\u00ebrgim deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, duke mos u kthyer kurr\u00eb n\u00eb atdhe.<\/p>\n

Amerika<\/strong>:
\nPasi erdhi n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, Brodski u vendos n\u00eb Ann Arbour. Shum\u00eb shpejt ai do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej profesor n\u00eb universitetin e Mi\u00e7iganit, ku do t\u00eb punonte p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit. M\u00eb pas n\u00eb vitet 1973-1974, ai do t\u00eb ishte profesor n\u00eb disa universitete t\u00eb njohura sikurse ishin: Queens, Smith, Columbia dhe n\u00eb Cambridge. M\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1974-1980, Brodski u rikthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri t\u00eb punonte pran\u00eb universitetit t\u00eb Mi\u00e7iganit.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viteve ai do t\u00eb fitonte shum\u00eb \u00e7mime prestigjoze letrare, ku mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim: \u00e7mimin Endriu Mellon p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi, doktor let\u00ebrsie n\u00eb universitetin e Yales n\u00eb vitin 1978 etj. M\u00eb 23 maj t\u00eb vitit 1979, Brodski u b\u00eb an\u00ebtar i akademis\u00eb amerikane dhe institutit t\u00eb arteve e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1980, ai u vendos n\u00eb fshatin Grenui\u00e7, ku jetoi p\u00ebr disa vjet. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb ai do t\u00eb nderohej me \u00e7mimin John D. dhe Catherine T. McArthur.<\/p>\n

Brodski gjithashtu ka marr\u00eb \u00e7mimin Excellence<\/em>, nga q\u00ebndra nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Nju Jorkut. N\u00eb vitin 1986, koleksioni i tij me ese i titulluar: \u201cM\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb<\/em>\u201d fitoi \u00e7mimin komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb kritik\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb atij i dhan\u00eb nj\u00eb doktoratur\u00eb honorifike p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi nga universiteti i Oxfordit. N\u00eb vitin 1987, Josif Brodski u nderua me \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ai ishte i pesti rus q\u00eb e kishte fituar at\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb interviste t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas marrjes s\u00eb \u00e7mimit, ai u pyet: \u201cJu jeni nj\u00eb shtetas amerikan, q\u00eb po merrni nj\u00eb \u00e7mim p\u00ebr poezin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb ruse. \u00c7far\u00eb jeni ju, nj\u00eb amerikan apo nj\u00eb rus? Brodski iu p\u00ebrgjigj: \u201cUn\u00eb jam nj\u00eb \u00e7ifut, nj\u00eb poet rus dhe nj\u00eb eseist anglisht-fol\u00ebs<\/em>\u201d. Brodski u zgjodh nga akademia suedeze si fituesi i k\u00ebtij \u00e7mimi me motivacionin: \u201cP\u00ebr nj\u00eb mendim poetik t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb thell\u00eb<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pas fitimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij \u00e7mimi, Brodski do t\u00eb theksonte se ky ishte nj\u00eb hap shum\u00eb i madh n\u00eb karrier\u00ebn e tij letrare. N\u00eb vitin 1991, Brodski u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr poet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb shquar t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs. Pas disa vjet\u00ebsh, Brodski u nderua me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00e7mim honorifik nga universiteti i Silesis\u00eb n\u00eb Poloni dhe u b\u00eb an\u00ebtar me t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb plota n\u00eb akademin\u00eb nderkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb shkencave.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1995, Brodski mori nj\u00eb ftes\u00eb nga redaktori Gleb Uspensky p\u00ebr t’u rikthyer n\u00eb Rusi n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb turi letrar, por ai e refuzoi at\u00eb kategorikisht.\u00a0N\u00eb vitet e fundit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, Brodski ishte n\u00ebn nj\u00eb presion shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh, i cili vinte prej atyre t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e quanin at\u00eb si: \u201ci puthuri nga fati<\/em>\u201d, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ai e mori me t\u00eb qeshur. N\u00eb vitet \u201990, Brodski e ftoi djalin e tij Andrey p\u00ebr t\u00eb vizituar Nju Jorkun. Ata t\u00eb dy q\u00ebndruan bashk\u00eb deri n\u00eb vdekjen e tij. Andrey u martua dhe pati tre f\u00ebmij\u00eb, ata tani jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburg. N\u00eb vitin 1990, Brodski u martua me studenten e tij Maria Sozzani<\/strong>, e cila ishte ruso-italiane.<\/p>\n

Ata t\u00eb dy pat\u00ebn dhe nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e quajt\u00ebn Ana. Brodski vdiq nga nj\u00eb atak n\u00eb zem\u00ebr n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 55 vje\u00e7are, n\u00eb apartamentin e tij n\u00eb Nju Jork City m\u00eb 28 janar t\u00eb vitit 1996.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb vdiste, Brodski n\u00eb vitin 1979, kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion n\u00eb zem\u00ebr dhe m\u00eb pas kishte p\u00ebsuar edhe dy baj-pase. Ai u varros n\u00eb ishullin San Mikele, n\u00eb varrezat e Venecias n\u00eb Itali. N\u00eb vitin 1997, pran\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb tij n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pet\u00ebrsburg \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb pllakat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shkruhet: \u201cN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, nga viti 1940 deri n\u00eb vitin 1972 ka jetuar poeti i madh rus Josif Brodski.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrktheu nga anglishtja:
\nEndrit Shtylla<\/strong>
\n09.12.2010<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Brodski u d\u00ebbua nga Bashkimi Sovjetik n\u00eb vitin 1972, p\u00ebr pjesmarrjen e tij n\u00eb grupin e separatist\u00ebve rus t\u00eb koh\u00ebs \u201cN\u00eb vitin 1963, poezia e tij u d\u00ebnua r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga regjimi i koh\u00ebs, duke e cil\u00ebsuar si nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr anti-sovjetike. Ata ia konfiskuan t\u00eb gjitha veprat, duke ia hequr nga qarkullimi. Ata pasi e mor\u00ebn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4,35,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori","category-kulture","category-letersi"],"yoast_head":"\nJoseph Brodsky - \u00c7mimi Nobel p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi (1987) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/joseph-brodsky-cmimi-nobel-per-letersi-1987\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Joseph Brodsky - \u00c7mimi Nobel p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsi (1987) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Brodski u d\u00ebbua nga Bashkimi Sovjetik n\u00eb vitin 1972, p\u00ebr pjesmarrjen e tij n\u00eb grupin e separatist\u00ebve rus t\u00eb koh\u00ebs \u201cN\u00eb vitin 1963, poezia e tij u d\u00ebnua r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga regjimi i koh\u00ebs, duke e cil\u00ebsuar si nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr anti-sovjetike. Ata ia konfiskuan t\u00eb gjitha veprat, duke ia hequr nga qarkullimi. 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