{"id":70040,"date":"2021-07-04T02:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T00:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=70040"},"modified":"2021-07-04T02:29:41","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T00:29:41","slug":"lufta-e-shqiptareve-ne-fushen-e-dardanes-e-vitit-1389-dhe-miti-i-rreme-serb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/lufta-e-shqiptareve-ne-fushen-e-dardanes-e-vitit-1389-dhe-miti-i-rreme-serb\/","title":{"rendered":"LUFTA E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE N\u00cb FUSH\u00cbN E DARDAN\u00cbS E VITIT 1389 DHE MITI I RREM\u00cb SERB"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb luft\u00eb mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb me ushtri sundimtar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb Gjergj balsha nga Shkodra, Teodor Muzaka nga Myzeqeja, Dhimit\u00ebr Jonima, Lezh\u00eb-Prizren dhe Andrea Gropa nga Ohri<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb qershorit 1389 trupat osmane, pasi q\u00eb kaluan Nishin, iu drejtuan Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb (n\u00eb historiografi n\u00eb serbe dhe at\u00eb bot\u00ebrore Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, nocion ky politik i shfaqur n\u00eb shekullin XIX), ku tashm\u00eb, krahas ushtrive t\u00eb disa sundimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Arbrit (Gjergjit II Balsh\u00ebs – bir i Strazimit nga Shkodra, q\u00eb ishte dh\u00ebnd\u00ebr i Lazarit (kishte marr\u00eb p\u00ebr grua t\u00eb bij\u00ebn Jelen\u00ebn), pastaj Teodor Muzak\u00ebs nga Myzeqeja, Dhimit\u00ebr Jonim\u00ebs, zot i trevave p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs Lezh\u00eb-Prizren dhe t\u00eb Andrea Grop\u00ebs nga Ohri), po i prisnin ato t\u00eb princit tribal t\u00eb Rash\u00ebs Llazarit me ato t\u00eb dh\u00ebndri t t\u00eb tij, Vuk Brankoviqit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\" Nga Jusuf BUXHOVI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tri data jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar ecurin\u00eb e pushtimeve osmane n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn europiane dhe kahun historik t\u00eb tyre me \u00e7\u2019rasat krijohen disa nga parakushtet p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuptuar nj\u00eb prej ngjarjeve m\u00eb me pesh\u00eb historike p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn, por edhe p\u00ebr qytet\u00ebrimin per\u00ebndimor n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb: viti 1354, viti 1371 dhe, viti 1389. Nd\u00ebrsa, p\u00ebr Arbrit, krahas k\u00ebtyre, edhe viti 1385, ka nj\u00eb dometh\u00ebnie t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, meq\u00eb beteja e Savr\u00ebs q\u00eb lidhet me k\u00ebt\u00eb dat\u00eb, si dhe rrethanat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb zhvillohet ajo (lufta e Osman\u00ebve kund\u00ebr Balshajve dhe disa feudal\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb arb\u00ebr n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit si dhe \u201cenigma\u201d e ndodhjes s\u00eb Thopijave n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Osman\u00ebve), pasqyrojn\u00eb gjendjen e ndodhjes n\u00eb fronte t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, gjendje kjo q\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur shpesh nga ndarja e kryqit e k\u00ebndej, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i ishte paguar tag\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Viti 1354 paraqet koh\u00ebn kur Osman\u00ebt, pas pushtimeve t\u00eb Burs\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1326, duke kaluar Dardanelet hidhen n\u00eb Gadishullin Ilirik, prej nga n\u00eb vitin 1361 mor\u00ebn Adrianopoj\u00ebn, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do ta quajn\u00eb Edrene dhe do ta shpallin kryeqytet t\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur k\u00ebt\u00eb Osmani I, ngarkoi t\u00eb birin, Orhanin q\u00eb Bizantit t\u2019i hynte nga brenda. K\u00ebshtu, Sulltan Orhani, pasi pushtoi Burs\u00ebn e detyroi Perandorin\u00eb Bizantine t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb aleate, me \u00e7\u2019rast Kantakuzeni (Cantacuzenus Constantinopolitanus Imperator) duhej t\u2019i jepte p\u00ebr grua t\u00eb bij\u00ebn, Theodor\u00ebn Paleologin\u00eb-Kantakuzen\u00eb nga dera e Paleolog\u00ebve, martes\u00eb kjo q\u00eb sipas burimeve osmane u realizua m\u00eb 1346.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Hammer, J von :\u201dHistoire de l\u2019Empire Ottomane depuis son origjine jusque\u2019 a nos jours par J.de Hammer, v\u00ebll III-III Paris \/Londres\/Sant-Petersbourg 1835-1836, I 230-231; Miltitz: Manuel des consuls, II, 166. Raguza do t\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebrij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb traktat m\u00eb 1408 me Sulejmanin dhe po ai traktat p\u00ebrt\u00ebrihej edhe m\u00eb 1414 me sulltan Mehmetin I. (Shih: Plasari, Aurel: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010 faqe 192).<\/p>\n

\"\" Viti 1371 – paraqet, nj\u00eb etap\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr dep\u00ebrtimet osmane n\u00eb Gadishullin Ilirik (t\u00eb quajtur Gadishull Ballkanik n\u00eb shekullin XIX) dhe p\u00ebr shtrirjen e m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn europiane, ngaq\u00eb, pas pushtimit t\u00eb Adrianopoj\u00ebs, Osman\u00ebt pushtojn\u00eb edhe pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Trakis\u00eb me \u00e7ka despot\u00ebt e shkap\u00ebrderdhur t\u00eb jugut europian\u00eb (Rasian\u00eb dhe Bullgar\u00eb, ve\u00e7mas k\u00ebta t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb pretendonin edhe kuror\u00ebn e Bizantit), p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb ndjehen t\u00eb rrezikuar seriozisht edhe nga dyshimi se Osman\u00ebt ishin aty n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb ngaq\u00eb kjo mund t\u00eb ishte pjes\u00eb e marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb perandorit Kantakuzin, tashm\u00eb n\u00eb krushqi me sulltanin, q\u00eb t\u2019ia eliminonte kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt dhe, n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn an\u00eb, ngaq\u00eb edhe vendet e krishtera europiane deri m\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kishin treguar m\u00eb shum\u00eb vullnet dhe p\u00ebrkushtim q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrdornin ata si \u201cdig\u00eb\u201d parandaluese kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve, se sa vet\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb p\u00ebrmasash europiane q\u00eb do t\u2019u priste rrug\u00ebn pushtimeve osmane.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkundrazi, bie n\u00eb sy se n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur disa nga feudal\u00ebt dhe despot\u00ebt e krishter\u00eb t\u00eb Ilirikut Qendror p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin ndonj\u00eb veprim kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve (ai n\u00eb Maric\u00eb), kemi edhe marr\u00ebveshjet e para t\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve me Osman\u00ebt, me t\u00eb cilat, ata do t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtime t\u00eb tjera dhe do t\u2019i arrijn\u00eb disa favore strategjike n\u00eb raport me vet\u00eb Per\u00ebndimin, meq\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet me ta nuk ishin tjet\u00ebr pos veprime dinake kund\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit qoft\u00eb edhe n\u00ebn thirrjen e \u201cunitetit kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve\u201d. I till\u00eb ishte \u201ctraktati tregtar\u201d q\u00eb lidhi Qyteti i Raguz\u00ebs m\u00eb 1365 me Muratin I p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e tregtis\u00eb p\u00ebrkundrejt nj\u00eb hara\u00e7i prej 500 dukatesh, q\u00eb Republika i ofronte vet\u00eb sulltanit, me \u00e7ka mund t\u00eb thuhet se Murati I ishte i pari i prij\u00ebsve osman\u00eb q\u00eb hyri n\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb shtet per\u00ebndimor europian.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Hammer, J von: \u201dHistoire de l\u2019Empire Ottomane depuis son origjine jusque\u2019 a nos jours par J.de Hammer, v\u00ebll III-III Paris \/Londres\/Sant-Petersbourg 1835-1836, I 230-231; Miltitz: Manuel des consuls, II, 166. Raguza do t\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebrij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb traktat m\u00eb 1408 me Sulejmanin dhe po ai traktat p\u00ebrt\u00ebrihej edhe m\u00eb 1414 me sulltan Mehmetin I.)<\/p>\n

(Shih: Plasari, Aurel: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 192<\/em>).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrkund\u00ebr p\u00ebr\u00e7arjes, m\u00eb 26 shtator t\u00eb atij viti (1371), u zhvillua beteja e dyt\u00eb pran\u00eb lumit Marica, n\u00eb Kermianon midis t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve t\u00eb Ilirikut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u ishte bashkuar edhe Aleksandri i Vlor\u00ebs, dhe Osman\u00ebve t\u00eb komanduar nga Lal\u00eb Shahini. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb betej\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt e Ilirikut, kryesisht ortodoks\u00eb, p\u00ebsuan humbje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. N\u00eb luft\u00eb ran\u00eb despoti Uglesha dhe princi Vukashin. Kjo pati p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb pushtimin e despotatit t\u00eb Seresit dhe t\u00eb Vllahis\u00eb si dhe pranimin e vasalitetit osman nga despot\u00ebt rasian\u00eb, Bullgar\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Hammer, Joseph von: \u201cHistoire, I, 242 dhe 409<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Despoti rasian Lazar Grebljanoviq (bir i paligjsh\u00ebm i Stefan Dushanit) pranoi vasalitetin me \u00e7mimin e nj\u00eb hara\u00e7i t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb ndaj Osman\u00ebve dhe Bizantit.<\/p>\n

(Shih vler\u00ebsimin e Idrisi-i Bitelsi: Hest Bihist, 170 a-170 b – Nga Lufta shqiptaro-turke, 77-78, te Plasari, Aurel \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 211<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb shkohet te viti 1389 dhe beteja e Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb, (pa marr\u00eb parasysh p\u00ebrmasat e saj t\u00eb nj\u00ebmendta dhe si e mitizuar n\u00eb shekullin XIX dhe t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e interpretuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me falsifikimet e historiografis\u00eb serbomadhe), kur princat e bashkuar t\u00eb Ilirikut (Arb\u00ebr, Rasian\u00eb, Boshnjak\u00eb dhe Bullgar\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmuar edhe nga vullnetar\u00eb Hungarez\u00eb, Polak\u00eb e t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb), do ta humbin at\u00eb betej\u00eb vendimtare q\u00eb do t\u2019ia hap\u00eb rrug\u00ebn pushtimit pes\u00ebshekullor osman, \u00ebsht\u00eb viti 1385, i cili p\u00ebr Arbrit dhe Arb\u00ebrin\u00eb, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb me pasoja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e Savr\u00ebs, n\u00eb Myzeqe, ku do t\u00eb shfaqet Timurtash Pasha dhe aty do t\u2019ia marr\u00eb kok\u00ebn Balsh\u00ebs, princat kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb Arbrit (fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr Thopin\u00eb e Durr\u00ebsit dhe Balsh\u00ebn), nuk ishin bashk\u00eb. Kishte koh\u00eb q\u00eb ata luftonin kund\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrit dhe se kjo betej\u00eb duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonte \u201ct\u00eb parin\u201d midis tyre.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht atyre q\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn midis Thopis\u00eb dhe Balsh\u00ebs, luft\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, epilogun do t\u2019ia japin Osman\u00ebt, prej nga del vler\u00ebsimi se kapitull hap fillimet e sovraniteti osman n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

(Shih te Idris-i Bitlisi \u201cHest Bihist\u201d, 170 a Nga Lufta shqiptaro-turke, 128) ruhet varianti sipas t\u00eb cilit Karl Thopia tashm\u00eb ishte vasal i sulltanit nga koha e pushtimit t\u00eb \u201cvilajetit t\u00eb Karli-ilis\u00eb\u201d m\u00eb 1382. K\u00ebt\u00eb mendim e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson edhe historiani i Balash\u00ebve Guiseppe Gelcich, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin thot\u00eb se \u201cKarl Thopia, i r\u00ebn\u00eb nga froni, u vendos n\u00eb Kruj\u00eb dhe aty i ujdisi mir\u00eb pun\u00ebt me turqit me shpres\u00eb se ata mund ta ndihmonin p\u00ebr ta marr\u00eb pushtetin\u201d<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Edhe pse kjo betej\u00eb diku shihet si pjes\u00eb paraprake e fushat\u00ebs osmane n\u00eb vendet e Arbrit, e filluar me strategjin\u00eb e njohur t\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb saj me kujdes, ku feudal\u00ebt Arb\u00ebror\u00eb do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen kund\u00ebr-nj\u00ebri tjetrit nd\u00ebrsa diku tjet\u00ebr shihet vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb luft\u00eb e hapur midis dy princave arb\u00ebr p\u00ebr mbizot\u00ebrim t\u00eb plot\u00eb, q\u00eb kishte shp\u00ebrthyer nga koha e vdekjes s\u00eb Dushanit, kur nga t\u00eb gjitha an\u00ebt ishte ndezur lufta p\u00ebr rikthimin e tokaveq\u00eb ai kishte pushtuar dhe t\u00eb tjerave n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn bizantine pa zot, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Osman\u00ebt u \u201cp\u00ebrfshin\u00eb p\u00ebr pak\u201d pse u thirr\u00ebn n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb, kjo lufte, megjith\u00ebq\u00eb pasqyron luft\u00ebn e ashp\u00ebr midis Balsh\u00ebs dhe Thopiave rreth \u201ct\u00eb pari\u201d t\u00eb Arbrit.<\/p>\n

(Shih \u201cZeta dhe dinastia e Balshajve\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2009, faqe 143). Interpretimi p\u00ebr \u201cthirrjen\u201d e turqve nga ana e Karl Thopis\u00eb gjendet edhe te Pulaha: \u201cHyrje n\u00eb Lufta shqiptaro-turke\u201d, 12 dhe 26<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Andaj ajo duhet par\u00eb edhe si strategji t\u00eb Osman\u00ebve, t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet rivaliteti midis feudal\u00ebve dhe princ\u00ebrve Arb\u00ebror\u00eb, q\u00eb prej andej nga ana e Adriatikut, jugut t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs, t\u2019i afroheshin sa m\u00eb par\u00eb, pik\u00ebrisht aty ku mund t\u00eb mbrohej hinterlandi, si\u00e7 ishte vepruar ngaher\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitej terreni p\u00ebr dep\u00ebrtime n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb kontinentit.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Jire\u00e7ek, Konstantin: \u201cHistoria e Serb\u00ebve\u201d, pjesa e dyt\u00eb, Tiran\u00eb, 2010, faqe 137; Ostrogorski, Georg: \u201cHistoria e Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2002, faqe 382<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Kjo pra ishte korniza shoq\u00ebrore dhe politike n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u gjend\u00ebn Arbrit dhe hap\u00ebsira e tyre etnike kur Osman\u00ebt u shfaqen n\u00eb viset e tyre. P\u00ebr t\u2019u par\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri konteksti historik i atij zhvillimi, kur ata t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn do t\u00eb shfaqen si vasal\u00eb t\u00eb vasal\u00ebve e me k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb detyrohen q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrcjellin ngjarjet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me kahun q\u00eb ua caktonin t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, (t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn princat tribal\u00eb t\u00eb Rash\u00ebs, q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrnin nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb tyre), si\u00e7 ishte Lufta e Maric\u00ebs, ajo e zhvilluar n\u00eb Beliqe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs dhe e Fush\u00eb-Dardanis\u00eb, shum\u00eb\u00e7ka e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mbetet e paqart\u00eb, duhet rikthyer te paraqitja e faktorit osman n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb lindor\u00eb t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb si dhe dep\u00ebrtimet kah pjesa per\u00ebndimore e Bizantit me \u00e7ka, n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, do t\u00eb ndikohen q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha zhvillimet shoq\u00ebrore dhe politike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs brenda dhe jasht\u00eb p\u00ebrmasave perandorake.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb thuhet se Osman\u00ebt ishin pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb Turqve Oguz\u00eb. K\u00ebta filluan t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt lindore t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb pasi q\u00eb u shk\u00ebputen nga b\u00ebrthama e tyre n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Qendrore. Perandoria, fillimisht nuk do t\u2019u kushtoj\u00eb gjithaq v\u00ebmendje dep\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb tyre, meq\u00eb kishte telashe me sjelljen e brendshme t\u00eb Sllav\u00ebve dhe Bullgar\u00ebve, por edhe ato q\u00eb i vinin nga Arab\u00ebt, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ballafaqime t\u00eb shpeshta dhe tep\u00ebr sfiduese nga shekulli VII e k\u00ebndej. Ndeshja e par\u00eb e Bizantit me Selxhuk\u00ebt ndodhi n\u00eb vitin 1071, kur ushtria perandorake p\u00ebsoi humbje t\u00eb thell\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb humbjen e nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb zot\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb Lindje.<\/p>\n

Turqit Orguz\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb histori kur prij\u00ebsi i tyre, Ertogrulli mori shp\u00ebrblim prej sulltanit selxhuk nj\u00eb zot\u00ebrim t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb brigjet e lumit Sangaria (Sakaria). Meq\u00eb shteti i Selxhuk\u00ebve u shp\u00ebrb\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb vogla pas disfat\u00ebs q\u00eb i shkaktuan Mongol\u00ebt n\u00eb vitin 1243, ishte i biri i tij, Osmani I (1290 -1323), i cili zgjeroi zot\u00ebrimin at\u00ebror dhe e ktheu n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb pavarur me emrin Emirati Osman, q\u00eb u b\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast Osmani I mori titullin e sulltanit dhe n\u00ebnshtetasit e tij u quajt\u00ebn Turq-Osmanlinj.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Inhalxhik, Halil: \u201cPerandoria Osmane\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010<\/em>).<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu, pra nd\u00ebrlidhemi me vitin 1354, kur Osman\u00ebt kaluan n\u00eb Ilirik, prej nga krijuan\u00a0 parakushtet p\u00ebr pushtime t\u00eb m\u00ebtutjeshme, me t\u00eb cilat pak m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb prekin edhe vendet e Arbrit t\u00eb shkap\u00ebrderdhura n\u00eb feude dhe despotate t\u00eb shumta, t\u00eb cilat pas vdekjes s\u00eb despotit t\u00eb Rash\u00ebs Dushanit (nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb), ishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb rikthimit por edhe t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb autonomis\u00eb s\u00eb humbur gjat\u00eb pushtimeve rasiane. K\u00ebshtu, familjet e njohura fisnike t\u00eb Balshajve n\u00eb veri, t\u00eb Muzakajve, Thopiave dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, filluan p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr zgjerimin dhe ngritjen e principatave t\u00eb pavarura. K\u00ebtu dallohen Balshajt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pos zgjerimeve n\u00eb veri, ia dol\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb marrin edhe Prizrenin dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb Dukagjinit.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Jire\u00e7ek, Konstandin: \u201cHistoria e Serb\u00ebve\u201d, I, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 486; Gelcich, Giuseppe: \u201cZeta dhe dinastia e Bashajve\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2009, faqe 29-45<\/em>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zhvillim, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb quhet i brendsh\u00ebm – meq\u00eb Arbrit silleshin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e tyre dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me lojalitetin ndaj shtetit bizantin ku ai ishte i pashmangsh\u00ebm, ose n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie vasaliteti me per\u00ebndimor\u00ebt, si\u00e7 ishte Venediku, ku kjo ishte e pashmangshme – ata ndjenin p\u00ebr rrezikun osman, por pa ndonj\u00eb ballafaqim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me t\u00eb. Madje, larg prej tij do t\u00eb mbeten, edhe at\u00ebher\u00eb kur n\u00eb vitin 1364, n\u00eb Betej\u00ebn e Adrianopoj\u00ebs, mund\u00ebn ushtrit\u00eb perandorake dhe at\u00eb e shpall\u00ebn kryeqytet, me emrin Edrene.<\/p>\n

Madje, n\u00eb vorbull\u00ebn e p\u00ebrp\u00eblitjeve p\u00ebr zgjerimin e principatave t\u00eb tyre, qoft\u00eb edhe n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs, si\u00e7 ndodhte midis Balshajve dhe Thopiajve, ata do t\u00eb mbesin edhe gjat\u00eb ndeshjes s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhjeje ushtarake t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga zot\u00ebt e Rash\u00ebs v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit M\u00ebrnjaqevi\u00e7 (Vukashin dhe Uglesha) n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Maric\u00ebs t\u00eb vitit 1371, kur forcat e tyre t\u00eb ndihmuara nga ato Bullgare dhe Grek\u00ebt p\u00ebsojn\u00eb humbje t\u00eb thell\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb pranimin e vasalitetit osman nga princat e Rash\u00ebs si dhe ata t\u00eb Epirit.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Jirecek, C: \u201cGeschihte der Bulgaren\u201d, f.309; Nga i nj\u00ebjti autor \u201cHistoria e serb\u00ebve\u201d I, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 480-485<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Mosp\u00ebrfshirja e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb e Arb\u00ebrve n\u00eb orbit\u00ebn e veprimeve luftarake osmane nga koha e dep\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta ushtarake n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jug-lindore dhe vendosja n\u00eb Bullgari e Thraki pasi q\u00eb ta ken\u00eb pushtuar Andrianopolin (Edren\u00ebn) nga vitet 1345-1361, nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata kan\u00eb qen\u00eb \u201ct\u00eb kursyer\u201d nga Osman\u00ebt nga koha e f\u00ebrkimeve t\u00eb para me Bizantin\u00ebt (shekulli XI).<\/p>\n

Burimet bizantine b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur se trupat osmane duhet t\u2019i ken\u00eb njohur s\u00eb pari viset e Arb\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 6854 (1336\/1337), kur Androniku III Paleologu, i thirrur nga despotina Ana Paleologin\u00eb-Engj\u00ebllin\u00eb, hyri n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb Epir p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur Arbrit e kryengritur n\u00eb viset mes Valagrit, pran\u00eb Beratit dhe Kanin\u00ebs. Perandori mori p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim dy mij\u00eb turq mercenar\u00eb nga rrethi i Iz-mirit dhe Koin\u00ebs dhe, me t\u00eb ardhur pranvera, hyri me ta n\u00eb \u201cvendin e Ilir\u00ebve\u201d.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Gregorae: \u201cHistoriae Byzantinae\u201d, I, 146, 544-545 dhe Joannes Cantacuzenus ex Imperatoris Historiarum, I,II, 495-501, cit. sipas Plasari.A: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 204. Rreth veprimit t\u00eb mercenar\u00ebve turq n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri shih edhe \u201cLufta shqiptaro-turke\u201d, 33 sh\u00ebn. 6<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Por, gjendja nga \u201ctakimet\u201d e t\u00ebrthorta t\u00eb mercenar\u00ebve osman\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve por edhe Bizantin\u00ebve p\u00ebr veprime t\u00eb caktuara dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme n\u00eb vendet e Arbnit, t\u00eb cilat si do t\u00eb shihen do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren nga qarqe t\u00eb larta perandorake, do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sakaq, kur Osman\u00ebt, nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, pasi q\u00eb ta ken\u00eb marr\u00eb Plovdivin (kryeqytetin e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb Bullgare) dhe Bullgar\u00ebt t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb vasalitetin osman, do t\u00eb duken n\u00eb Traki dhe Epir, si\u00e7 ishin dep\u00ebrtimet e tyre n\u00eb Shtip, P\u00ebrlep dhe Manastir, Kostur dhe Oh\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Dhe, bashk\u00eb me Paleologun, gjendjen e vasalitetit do t\u00eb detyrohen ta pranojn\u00eb edhe disa fisnik\u00eb dhe feudal\u00eb t\u00eb Arbrit, nga despotati i Epirit. Prej andej Osman\u00ebt do t\u2019u afrohen edhe qyteteve bregdetare, ku e dinin se do t\u00eb ndesheshin me Venedikun dhe per\u00ebndimor\u00ebt, q\u00ebndrimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb s\u00eb miri mund t\u00eb testohej me pjes\u00ebt q\u00eb tashm\u00eb zot\u00ebronin princat e Arbrit, qoft\u00eb edhe n\u00eb gjendje armiq\u00ebsie si\u00e7 ishte ajo midis Balshajve dhe Thopiajve. K\u00ebshtu, Savra ishte nj\u00eb sprov\u00eb shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr Osman\u00ebt. Ata mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb betej\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrcaktuan fituesin madje, por nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh u larguan prej andej, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb fitorja t\u2019i \u201cdhurohej\u201d Thopis\u00eb si vasal, vasalitet ky q\u00eb do ta pranoj\u00eb edhe Muzaka dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr e feudal\u00ebve t\u00eb Jugut, q\u00eb nuk ishte tjet\u00ebr pos nj\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrim se ajo q\u00eb kishte filluar nuk kishte t\u00eb ndalur.<\/p>\n

(Rreth thirrjes q\u00eb ua drejtoi Thopia turqve p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndihmuar n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr Balsh\u00ebs II si dhe vasalitetit shih gjer\u00ebsisht Gegaj, At Athanas: \u201cArb\u00ebria dhe Gjergj Kastrioti Sk\u00ebnderbe 1405-1468\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 1995, faqe 33<\/em>).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u201ct\u00ebrheqja\u201d e p\u00ebrkohshme e forcave osmane nga Savra (p\u00ebr rreth dy vjet), ishte nj\u00eb matje q\u00eb Osman\u00ebt ua b\u00ebnin venedikasve si dhe faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb per\u00ebndimor\u00eb si do t\u00eb silleshin pas hapave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ishin ndryshe pos n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me taktik\u00ebn e pranimit t\u00eb vasalitetit, q\u00eb u krijonte favore t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, qoft\u00eb pse p\u00ebrfitonin nga hara\u00e7i q\u00eb ua caktonin vart\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ashtu dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u201cakomodoheshin\u201d n\u00eb rrethanat e reja t\u00eb nj\u00eb perandorie dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimi tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Me siguri se \u201cpaqja\u201d midis vasal\u00ebve t\u00eb krishter\u00eb, ku tashm\u00eb me d\u00ebshir\u00eb dhe pa d\u00ebshir\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe shumica e Arb\u00ebrve me zot\u00ebrimet dhe titujt e tyre, q\u00eb nuk thoshin shum\u00eb, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb vazhdonte edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, ose edhe m\u00eb gjat\u00eb, po mos t\u00eb ishin per\u00ebndimor\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, meq\u00eb e dinin se gjendja e till\u00eb \u201cakomoduese\u201d jasht\u00eb ngulfatjeve dhe anarkis\u00eb s\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Perandoria jo edhe pa \u201cmeritat\u201d e shumta t\u00eb tyre q\u00eb lidheshin me dob\u00ebsimin apo rr\u00ebnimin e saj n\u00ebp\u00ebrmes forcimit t\u00eb despot\u00ebve Sllav\u00eb dhe Grek\u00eb, do t\u2019u shkonte p\u00ebr shtati Osman\u00ebve, q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiten sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr pushtime t\u00eb reja drejt qendr\u00ebs europiane, do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u2019i nxisin ata q\u00eb t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb kund\u00ebr Osman\u00ebve, edhe pse e dinin se e gjitha do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte me disfat\u00eb. E r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ishte q\u00eb t\u00eb fitohej n\u00eb koh\u00eb, pa marr\u00eb parasysh \u00e7mimin q\u00eb do t\u2019i paguhej nga Ilirikasit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt edhe ashtu ishin m\u00ebsuar me sakrifikime t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, se p\u00ebrball\u00eb k\u00ebsaj gjendjeje me shum\u00eb paqart\u00ebsi dhe druajtje, por edhe shpresa se mund t\u00eb mbrohej di\u00e7ka, fitohej p\u00ebrshtypja se despot\u00ebt dhe princat e kuror\u00ebs s\u00eb shprishur t\u00eb Bizantit nga pjesa e Ilirikut dhe Dardanis\u00eb ishin t\u00eb detyruar p\u00ebr t\u2019iu dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb veprimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, sado q\u00eb shpejt do t\u00eb shihet se edhe aty kishte hesape t\u00eb caktuara dhe hile t\u00eb ndryshme. T\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahur dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebshilluar nga misionar\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb nga vendet katolike, n\u00eb vitin 1387, filloi nisma p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb koalicion t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb Ilirikut. Edhe pse e gjitha do t\u2019i p\u00ebrshkruhet princit tribal t\u00eb Rash\u00ebs Llazar Hrebelanoviqit, prej nga vin\u00eb ftesat p\u00ebr veprim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, megjithat\u00eb prapa saj gjenden Selia e Shenjt\u00eb, Venediku, e mbi t\u00eb gjitha Hungaria. Kjo e fundit, madje, kishte shum\u00eb arsye t\u00eb ishte e nxehur, pasi q\u00eb ishte n\u00eb sh\u00ebnjest\u00ebr t\u00eb fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb ardhshme osmane kund\u00ebr Europ\u00ebs, e cila duhej t\u00eb kalonte pashmangsh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebr tokat e saj.<\/p>\n

L\u00ebvizjet e t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Bizantit, t\u00eb nxitura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga Selia e Shenjt\u00eb dhe vendet katolike dhe n\u00ebn flamurin e krish-ter\u00eb, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej si emblem\u00eb e vetme \u201cbashkuese\u201d n\u00eb ato rrethana edhe pse n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb tij t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt kishin zhvilluar shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb lufta mes veti, vun\u00eb n\u00eb veprim edhe Osman\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr ta siguruar shpin\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nga loja \u00e7far\u00ebdo veprimi t\u00eb Bullgar\u00ebve hap\u00ebsira e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve tashm\u00eb paraqiste nj\u00eb faktor t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm strategjik drejt qendr\u00ebs europiane, gjat\u00eb vitit 1388, p\u00ebrqendruan forcat e veta n\u00eb Plovdiv n\u00eb vij\u00ebn drejt Nishit, qytet ky t\u00eb cilin e kishin pushtuar para dy vitesh, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb jasht\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjes osmane kishte mbetur pjesa nga Rasha deri n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb dhe Shkup, pra qendra e Dardanis\u00eb, pjes\u00ebt e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs pjes\u00ebrisht shfaqeshin si zot\u00ebrime t\u00eb princit t\u00eb krishter\u00eb, tribalit Vuk Brankoviq, (nga familja e t\u00eb cilit kishte prejardhjen edhe bashk\u00ebshortja e Gjon Kastriotit Vojsava), e pjes\u00ebrisht gjendeshin n\u00ebn zot\u00ebrimin e Balsh\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa rruga Lezh\u00eb-Prizren gjendej n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen e Dhimit\u00ebr Jonim\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Petrovski, Boban: \u201cVojsava Tribalda\u201d, n\u00eb simposiumin \u201cGjergj Kastrioti Sk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Shkup, 2006, faqe 67-77. Se Brankoviq\u00ebt ishin Tribal\u00eb, pra mbetje e nj\u00eb fisi antik t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me Dardan\u00ebt, por sipas kronistit bizantin Halkokondilit \u201cTribal\u00ebt ishin deg\u00eb ilire\u201d (shih: \u201cHistoriarum Demonstrationes\u201d I, Budapesti, 1922, faqe 24-25). K\u00ebt\u00eb e thon\u00eb edhe Barleti te \u201cHistori e Sk\u00ebnderbeut\u201d dhe Gjon Muzaka (Kronika e Gjon Muzak\u00ebs te Xhufi, \u201cNga Paleolog\u00ebt te Muzakajt\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2009), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kur b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur p\u00ebr bashk\u00ebshorten e Gjon Kastriotit, Vojsav\u00ebn, tregojn\u00eb se baba i saj ka qen\u00eb Tribal.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb qershorit trupat osmane, pasi q\u00eb kaluan Nishin, iu drejtuan Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb (n\u00eb historiografin\u00eb serbe dhe at\u00eb bot\u00ebrore Fush\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, nocion ky politik i shfaqur n\u00eb shekullin XIX), ku tashm\u00eb, krahas ushtrive t\u00eb disa sundimtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Arbrit (Gjergjit II Balsh\u00ebs – bir i Strazimit nga Shkodra, q\u00eb ishte dh\u00ebnd\u00ebr i Lazarit (kishte marr\u00eb p\u00ebr grua t\u00eb bij\u00ebn Jelen\u00ebn), pastaj Teodor Muzak\u00ebs nga Myzeqeja, Dhimit\u00ebr Jonim\u00ebs, zot i trevave p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs Lezh\u00eb-Prizren dhe t\u00eb Andrea Grop\u00ebs nga Ohri), po i prisnin ato t\u00eb princit tribal t\u00eb Rash\u00ebs Llazarit me ato t\u00eb dh\u00ebndrit t\u00eb tij, Vuk Brankoviqit.<\/p>\n

(Rreth pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb Arb\u00ebrve n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Dardan\u00ebs, shih: Pulaha, S: \u201cLufta shqiptaro-turke n\u00eb shek. XV \u2013 burime osmane\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 1968 faqe 297; Sathas, C: \u201cBibliotheca Graeca <\/em>Medii Aevi\u201d vol, I, 1872, f.247-248; \u201cKronika e Gjon Muzak\u00ebs\u201d, faqe 301-365 te Xhufi, P\u00ebllumb: \u201cNga Paleolog\u00ebt te Muzakajt\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2009; \u201cHistoria e Popullit Shqiptar\u201d, I, Tiran\u00eb <\/em>2002, faqe 366-367; Frash\u00ebri, Krishto: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb; Frash\u00ebri, Kristo: \u201cShqiptar\u00ebt dhe beteja e Kosov\u00ebs\u201d, n\u00eb \u201cRilindja javore\u201d 9-15 korrik 1995; Gegaj Athanas: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 1995; Malltezu, L: \u201cShqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 1998; Plasari, Aurel: \u201cSk\u00ebnderbeu\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2010, faqe 194,195. Nd\u00ebra te autor\u00ebt osman\u00eb shih: Soklakz\u00e4de: \u201cTarihi,\u201d 43; Nesri: \u201cKit\u00e4b-i Cih\u00e4n-n\u00fcma\u201d, 70-72,80; Idris-i Bitlisi: \u201cHest Bihist\u201d, 182; Sa\u2019deddin: \u201cT\u00e4c\u00fc tevarih\u201d, 120, Uzun\u00e7arisili: \u201eOsmanli Tarihi\u201d, I, 200, 249; Oru\u00e7 Ben <\/em>Adil; \u201cTevarih-i al-i osman\u201d; Inhalxhik, Halil: \u201cPerandoria osmane\u201d, Shkup 2010, etj.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Atyre u ishin bashkuar edhe forca rumune t\u00eb drejtuara nga Vojvoda Mir\u00e7ea, trupat kroate n\u00ebn drejtimin e banit kroat, Ivan Horvat, dhe t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs n\u00eb krye me mbretin Tvrtko.<\/p>\n

(Shih: Hammer, Joseph von: \u201cGeschichte des Osmanischen Reiches\u201d vol. I Pest, C. H. Hartleben 1840; Jire\u010dek, K: \u201cHistoria e Serb\u00ebve\u201c I, Tiran\u00eb 2010, \u201cGeschihte der Bulgaren\u201d, Prague 1876; Gelcich, G: \u201cZeta dhe dinastia e Balshajve\u201d, Tiran\u00eb 2009, faqe 169-171; Jorga, N: \u201cGeschihte des osmanishchen Reiches nach Quellen dargestellt\u201d, v\u00ebll, I-II, Gotha 1908-1909; Fine, J. V. A: \u201cThe Early Medieval Balkans\u201d, Michigan 1983; Mallcom, Noel: \u201cKosova nj\u00eb histori e shkurt\u00ebr\u201d, Prishtin\u00eb 2001, faqe 59-67;\u201cHistoria e Popullit Shqiptar\u201d, I, Tiran\u00eb 2002, faqe 336.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Sipas disa burimeve historike, Beteja e Dardan\u00ebs filloi m\u00eb 15 qershor t\u00eb vitit 1389 dhe p\u00ebrfundoi po at\u00eb dit\u00eb, diku n\u00eb or\u00ebt e mbr\u00ebmjes me humbjen e forcave t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb krishter\u00eb ilirike.<\/p>\n

(Vijon numrin e ardhsh\u00ebm<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Marr\u00eb nga Nacional<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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