{"id":7030,"date":"2016-09-24T23:22:29","date_gmt":"2016-09-24T22:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=7030"},"modified":"2021-05-02T03:18:50","modified_gmt":"2021-05-02T01:18:50","slug":"perandoret-ilire-qe-mbizoteruan-romen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/perandoret-ilire-qe-mbizoteruan-romen\/","title":{"rendered":"PERANDOR\u00cbT ILIR\u00cb Q\u00cb MBIZOT\u00cbRUAN ROM\u00cbN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Justiniani i Madh i Iliris\u00eb – mozaik n\u00eb Ravenna<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rreth 3 shekuj (251\u2013565), Roma u mbizot\u00ebrua nga perandor\u00eb ilir\u00eb; ishte pik\u00ebrisht kjo periudh\u00eb kur fiset vandale e sllave u mbajt\u00ebn larg kufijve t\u00eb rajonit, i cili m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb quhej Ballkan. Shumica e tyre kan\u00eb ardhur nga rajoni i Sirmiumit (pran\u00eb Mitrovic\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme- t\u00eb Vojvodin\u00ebs) n\u00eb Iliri. Pas shekullit VI, n\u00eb list\u00ebn e perandor\u00ebve romak\u00eb rrall\u00eb gjendet ndonj\u00eb ilir. M\u00eb sa duket ilir\u00ebt, nuk ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb favorizuarit e Rom\u00ebs ose e humb\u00ebn fuqin\u00eb a ndikimin e tyre; kjo gjendje e krijuar p\u00ebrkon me v\u00ebrshimin e sllav\u00ebve n\u00eb trojet ilire. A ishte ky m\u00ebnjanim i ilir\u00ebve nga pushteti rast\u00ebsi a konspiracion, k\u00ebt\u00eb vet\u00ebm studimet mund ta tregojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Trajan Decius dhe i biri, Herenius Etruskus<\/strong>
\nN\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave historike, perandori i par\u00eb ilir ishte Trajan Decius. Decius (Gaius Messius Quintus Decius Augustus) ishte Perandor nga 249\u2013251. N\u00eb vitin e fundit t\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit, ai bashk\u00ebqeverisi me djalin e tij, Herenius Etruskus; t\u00eb dy u vran\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e Abritus (sot Razgrad, Bullgari) kund\u00ebr got\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Decius, lindi n\u00eb vitin 201 n\u00eb Budalia (Mitrovic\u00eb, Kosov\u00eb). Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari n\u00eb list\u00ebn e gjat\u00eb t\u00eb Perandor\u00ebve romak\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb dilnin nga Iliria. K\u00ebta quhen zakonisht perandor\u00eb ilir\u00eb sepse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kishin lindur n\u00eb Iliri dhe u ngjit\u00ebn n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb pushtetit, duke e filluar karrier\u00ebn si ushtar\u00eb n\u00eb legjionet romake t\u00eb stacionuar n\u00eb vendlindjen e tyre.<\/p>\n

Para se t\u00eb b\u00ebhej perandor, Decius kishte qen\u00eb senator, para k\u00ebsaj, prefekt i qytetit t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs, dhe radhazi guvernator n\u00eb Mezi, Gjermanik\u00eb, Spanj\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tij, Decius nd\u00ebrmori disa projekte nd\u00ebrtimi, si p\u00ebr shembull: banjat termale n\u00eb Aventine (Itali), t\u00eb cilat mbet\u00ebn funksionale deri n\u00eb shekullin XVI: historikisht, Decius njihet p\u00ebr kujdesin ndaj Koloseut t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs; gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij si perandor, Koloseu, i d\u00ebmtuar r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga goditjet e rrufeve, u restaurua plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Hostiliani<\/strong>
\nHostiliani (230\u2013251) ishte nj\u00eb perandor romak n\u00eb vitin 251 dhe i dyti me origjin\u00eb ilire. Hostiliani lindi n\u00eb Sirmium (pran\u00eb Mitrovic\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme) n\u00eb Iliri, djali i perandorit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm Decius dhe bashk\u00ebshortes Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla. Ishte v\u00ebllai m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl i perandorit Herennius Etruscus. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur gjurm\u00ebt e t\u00eb atit drejt fronit, Hostiliani mori trajnimet e duhura q\u00eb nj\u00eb princ duhet t\u00eb merrte, por gjithnj\u00eb q\u00ebndroi n\u00ebn hijen e v\u00ebllait t\u00eb tij Herennius, q\u00eb g\u00ebzonte privilegjin e t\u00eb qenit trash\u00ebgimtar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 251, Decius i la fronin djalit t\u00eb tij Herennius t\u00eb bashk\u00acudh\u00ebhiqte Hostilianin. Decius and Herennius m\u00eb pas b\u00ebn nj\u00eb kryengritje kund\u00ebr mbretit Cniva t\u00eb got\u00ebve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebshkuar pushtimet e tij. Megjithat\u00eb Hostiliani mbeti n\u00eb Rom\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs s\u00eb pakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Klaudi II<\/strong>
\nKlaudi II nga Iliria hipi n\u00eb fron n\u00eb vitin 268. N\u00eb fillim e kishte nisur karrier\u00ebn si ushtar i thjesht\u00eb e m\u00eb pas u b\u00eb komandanti i nj\u00eb ushtrie t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb Pavia. Pasi u b\u00eb perandor, Klaudi u shqua n\u00eb luftimet me got\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i shpartalloi n\u00eb Nish. Nga trim\u00ebria q\u00eb tregoi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb luft\u00eb ai u quajt Klaud Gotiku. Mbret\u00ebrimi i tij zgjati dy vjet, derisa vdiq n\u00eb tok\u00ebn ilire.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Mbret\u00ebrimi i Quintillus<\/strong>
\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr mbret\u00ebrimin e Quintillus jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta dhe kontradiktore. Disa thon\u00eb se mbret\u00ebrimi i tij zgjati vet\u00ebm 17 dit\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb thon\u00eb se zgjati 177 dit\u00eb. Gjithashtu ka mosdakord\u00ebsi p\u00ebr shkakun e vdekjes s\u00eb tij. Mendohet se ai mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb vrar\u00eb nga vet\u00eb ushtar\u00ebt e tij p\u00ebr disiplin\u00ebn e rrept\u00eb ushtarake. Ekzistojn\u00eb dhe z\u00ebrat q\u00eb thon\u00eb se ai vrau veten duke prer\u00eb damar\u00ebt. Megjithat\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka bien t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dakord, p\u00ebr vendin e vdekjes, m\u00eb Akuileia. Quintillus q\u00eb vinte nga Iliria la pas dy djem Claudius dhe Quintillus. Djali i tij i dyt\u00eb me po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin em\u00ebr konsiderohej i aft\u00eb. Ai ishte nj\u00eb kampion i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb senat.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Aurelian, \u201cShp\u00ebtimtari i Iliris\u00eb\u201d<\/strong>
\nPas vdekjes s\u00eb Quintillus, n\u00eb fronin perandorak hipi Aureliani, i cili kishte lindur n\u00eb Sirmium (pran\u00eb Mitrovic\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme-t\u00eb Sremit n\u00eb Vojvodin\u00eb), q\u00eb ishte kryeqendra e Panonis\u00eb, provinc\u00eb me shtrirje mjaft t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe e banuar nga ilir\u00eb. Aureliani n\u00eb fillim kishte qen\u00eb ushtar i thjesht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas u b\u00eb kryekomandant i kavaleris\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb betejave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjakshme me armiqt\u00eb kishte dal\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb fitimtar dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb i kishin dh\u00ebn\u00eb shum\u00eb tituj, por titulli m\u00eb i lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte \u201cShp\u00ebtimtari i Iliris\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aureliani n\u00eb vitet e fundit t\u00eb mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij nxori nj\u00eb dekret n\u00eb vitin 274 kund\u00ebr t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve. Shkaku i ediktit u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebt e tij Porfiri, i cili ishte themelues i neoplatonizmit. Ai shkruan nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr me 15 volume \u201cKund\u00ebr t\u00eb Krishter\u00ebve\u201d. Aureliani besonte n\u00eb kultin e Mitr\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb hyjnis\u00eb s\u00eb Diellit. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb shtetasit e Perandoris\u00eb Romake kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t`i n\u00ebnshtrohen k\u00ebtij kulti.<\/p>\n

Meqen\u00ebse t\u00eb krishter\u00ebt nuk pranuan, u shpall\u00ebn armiq t\u00eb shtetit.
\nGjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj p\u00ebrndjekje u martirizua Papa Feliksi (269-274). Mir\u00ebpo edhe Aureliani vritet pas nj\u00eb komploti n\u00eb vitin 175. Aureliani mbret\u00ebroi rreth pes\u00eb vjet dhe u vra gjat\u00eb marshimit t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb tij nga Bizanti drejt Persis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Probi<\/strong>
\nPerandor tjet\u00ebr ilir ishte Probi, i cili gjithashtu kishte lindur n\u00eb Sirmium t\u00eb Panonis\u00eb. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 44-vje\u00e7are ai u b\u00eb perandor dhe mbret\u00ebroi p\u00ebr rreth gjasht\u00eb vjet. Probi u shqua n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr fiseve gjermane, franke e vandale, duke i detyruar ata t\u00eb largoheshin nga kufijt\u00eb e perandoris\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb vere t\u00eb vitit 282, nd\u00ebrsa po drejtonte punimet p\u00ebr tharjen e k\u00ebnetave n\u00eb Sirmium, ushtar\u00ebt u rebeluan, flak\u00ebn lopatat dhe rrok\u00ebn arm\u00ebt duke e vrar\u00eb perandorin.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Diokleciani, d\u00ebshmitari suprem i madh\u00ebshtis\u00eb<\/strong>
\nN\u00eb vitin 285 fronin e perandoris\u00eb romake do ta zinte Diokeliciani
\n(284-305) i cili e kishte origjin\u00ebn nga fisi ilir i Diokles\u00eb.
\nDiokleciani lindi n\u00eb Salona t\u00eb Dalmacis\u00eb ilire m\u00eb 22 dhjetor 245.<\/p>\n

Vdiq po aty m\u00eb 3 dhjetor 313. Ai kishte qen\u00eb komandant i rojeve personale t\u00eb perandorit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm. Merita e Dioklicianit ishte ndarja e pushtetit perandorak n\u00eb dy August\u00eb dhe dy \u00c7esar\u00eb, ku \u00e7donj\u00ebri prej tyre ishte sundimtar fuqiplot\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e perandoris\u00eb q\u00eb i takonte. Diokliciani u shpall Augusti Suprem dhe si August t\u00eb dyt\u00eb em\u00ebroi Maksimianin, i cili gjithashtu ishte prej gjakut iliri, nd\u00ebrsa dy \u00c7esar\u00ebt kishin nj\u00eb grad\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb se August\u00ebt. I pari ishte Konstandini me origjin\u00eb nga Dardania (e \u00ebma e tij ishte mbesa e perandorit Klaud). Diokleciani sundoi rreth 21 vjet derisa n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 59-vje\u00e7are dha dor\u00ebheqjen.<\/p>\n

Dihet bot\u00ebrisht se Diokleciani si burr\u00ebshtetas krahasohet vet\u00ebm me Oktavian Augustin dhe konsiderohet si nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr reformator\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb ka njohur shoq\u00ebria njer\u00ebzore. Diokleciani mori pjes\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb sundimit n\u00eb luft\u00ebra t\u00eb shumta, q\u00eb i kuror\u00ebzoi me fitore t\u00eb bujshme, nj\u00ebsoj si Klaudi II, Aureliani dhe Probi. Edhe atij historia romake nuk i rezervoi asnj\u00eb humbje. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebsit\u00eb: \u2013 D\u00ebshmitari suprem i madh\u00ebshtis\u00eb, nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr tre perandor\u00ebt q\u00eb historia romake admiron m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. \u2013 Ashtu si Augusti n\u00eb fillim, edhe Diokleciani n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tij, p\u00ebr revolucionin e thell\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebri organizimit shtet\u00ebror, konsiderohet si themeluesi i nj\u00eb perandorie t\u00eb re. \u2013 I vetmi perandor i Rom\u00ebs q\u00eb e ka l\u00ebshuar vullnetarisht pushtetin. \u2013 E kan\u00eb quajtur \u201cBurri i shekullit t\u00eb art\u00eb\u201d, p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb e revolucionit dioklecianas t\u00eb shtetit dhe shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Maximianus Herculius (Maksimiani)<\/strong>
\nMendohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb lindur mes viteve 249\u00ac-250 pas lindjes s\u00eb Krishtit n\u00eb Sirmium, pran\u00eb Mitrovic\u00ebs s\u00eb Vojvodin\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme.
\nMarcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus ka qen\u00eb ushtar q\u00eb n\u00eb vegj\u00ebli.<\/p>\n

Ai madje ka luftuar n\u00eb krah t\u00eb Perandorit Dioklecian, dhe ka sh\u00ebrbyer n\u00eb ushtri gjat\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb Aurelianit dhe Probusit.<\/p>\n

Sipas historian\u00ebve me siguri ka qen\u00eb Diokleciani q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb e shpalli perandor t\u00eb Nikomedeias m\u00eb 20 n\u00ebntor 284. Kur perandori Diokleciani e kuptoi q\u00eb perandoria ishte shum\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr t\u2019u qeverisur vet\u00eb, ai e b\u00ebri Maximianusin \u00c7ezarin e tij, dhe i ngriti deri n\u00eb rangun e Augustit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Diokleciani sundonte n\u00eb Lindje, Maksimianusi sundonte n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. P\u00ebr t\u2019u rritur n\u00eb detyr\u00eb Maximianus merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb aktivitete t\u00eb shumta ushtarake.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht se e pati t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb pushtonte disa vende n\u00eb vitin 286, e pati shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballej me gal\u00ebt n\u00eb po t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit. N\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet politike, perandori dhe \u00c7ezari i tij ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. Maximianusi ishte shum\u00eb i kursyer kur binte fjala p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjet me an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e senatit romak, nd\u00ebrsa marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia me fisnik\u00ebt ishte mjaft e mir\u00eb. M\u00eb 1 maj 305 si Diokleciani, n\u00eb Nicomedeia, ashtu edhe Maximianus Herculius, n\u00eb Mediolanum, dhan\u00eb dor\u00ebheqjen. Kjo dor\u00ebheqje u b\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes fatale q\u00eb kapi Dioklecianin n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 304.<\/p>\n

Mendohet se ka qen\u00eb vet\u00eb Diokleciani q\u00eb i ka detyruar koleg\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb hiqnin dor\u00eb. Dor\u00ebheqja e Herculius nuk duket se zgjati shum\u00eb pasi n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb m\u00eb 28 tetor 306, djali i tij Maksentius u zgjodh perandor i Rom\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Galeri, perandori i fitoreve t\u00eb bujshme<\/strong>
\nGaleri lindi n\u00eb Iliri. Nuk dihet data e lindjes. Vdiq ne Serdica (Sofie) n\u00eb vitin 311. Sapo u em\u00ebrua \u00c7ezar u nis n\u00eb frontin e Danubit dhe gjat\u00eb viteve 294 deri n\u00eb 295 korri fitore t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mbi got\u00ebt. N\u00eb dy vitet q\u00eb pasuan shpartalloi ushtrit\u00eb e sarmant\u00ebve dhe markoman\u00ebve. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nd\u00ebrtoi nj\u00eb fortes\u00eb n\u00eb Aquincum (Budapesti i sot\u00ebm). Pjesa veriore e Panonis\u00eb s\u00eb Poshtme u b\u00eb provinc\u00eb e re dhe u quajt Galeria Valeria, sipas emrit t\u00eb gruas s\u00eb tij. Kur persian\u00ebt pushtuan provinc\u00ebn romake t\u00eb Mesopotamis\u00eb, Galeri marshoi n\u00ebp\u00ebr Armeni dhe i rrethoi, duke arritur q\u00eb t\u00eb pushtoj\u00eb dhe kryeqytetin e tyre Ctesiphon.<\/p>\n

Ai imitoi Aleksandrin e Madh n\u00eb betej\u00ebn q\u00eb zhvilloi n\u00eb Nars\u00eb, duke mbajtur q\u00ebndrim miq\u00ebsor ndaj familjes s\u00eb mbretit persian Darius dhe duke marr\u00eb n\u00eb mbrojtje f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe grat\u00eb e qytetit. Me marr\u00ebveshjen e paqes q\u00eb u n\u00ebnshkrua, Mesopotamia e zmadhuar me territoret rreth Tigrit u rinjoh si provinc\u00eb perandorake. Gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb fronin e \u00c7ezarit, Galeri e nd\u00ebrtoi kryeqytetin e vet n\u00eb Selanik, nj\u00eb vend strategjik n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn Egnatia, q\u00eb lidhte Rom\u00ebn me provincat e Azis\u00eb. Me ngjitjen n\u00eb rangun e Augustit, ai u detyrua t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb Nikomedi, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Dioklecianit.<\/p>\n

\"Kostandini \u2022 Konstandini i Madh, perandori q\u00eb ndryshoi historin\u00eb<\/strong>
\nKonstandini i Madh lindi m\u00eb 27 shkurt t\u00eb vitit 272, nga nj\u00eb familje fisnike ilire n\u00eb Naissus t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb (Nishi i sotm\u00ebm). I ati i tij Kostanti, ishte n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Dioklecianit nj\u00ebri prej dy \u00c7ezar\u00ebve, q\u00eb mbret\u00ebronte n\u00eb Galin\u00eb, Britanin\u00eb e Madhe dhe Spanj\u00ebn. M\u00eb 25 korrik t\u00eb vitit 306 i vdes babai, Konstanti n\u00eb Jork dhe Konstandini shpallet August (perandor) nga ushtria, e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej kryesisht nga ilir\u00eb (306).<\/p>\n

Kur perandori ilir i Rom\u00ebs, Konstandini, e pa p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb Bizantin, qyteti kishte thuajse nj\u00ebmij\u00eb vjet jet\u00eb. Q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin VII para Krishtit ekzistonte k\u00ebtu nj\u00eb qytet i vog\u00ebl, me akropolin n\u00eb kod\u00ebr, aty ku sot shtrihet Sh\u00ebn Sofia dhe Pallati i Sulltan\u00ebve. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb fillimisht Konstandini kishte n\u00eb plan thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb qytet, ku t\u00eb p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsonte emrin e tij, por pas vizit\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, e pa se qyteti i vjet\u00ebr, me t\u00ebr\u00eb at\u00eb tradit\u00eb republikane dhe pagane s\u2019kishte se si t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn e Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb re t\u00eb krishter\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prandaj n\u00eb vitin 330 t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb, n\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn e festimeve, q\u00eb zgjat\u00ebn kat\u00ebr dit\u00eb, Konstandini i Madh e transferoi rezidenc\u00ebn e tij perandorake n\u00eb brigjet e Bosforit. Konstandinopoja ishte e rrethuar me mure n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e saj detare dhe nj\u00eb mur trefish n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00ebmij\u00eb vjet, muret e Kostandinopoj\u00ebs e shp\u00ebtuan Perandorin\u00eb prej humbjeve, madje edhe prej zhdukjes s\u00eb plot\u00eb prej armiqve t\u00eb saj t\u00eb shumt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, muret e Kostandinopoj\u00ebs mbronin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se Perandorin\u00eb; ato mbronin qytet\u00ebrimin romako-bizantin. Qyteti ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh shprehje e d\u00ebshir\u00ebs konstandiniane p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Krishter\u00eb Romake, e cila duhet t\u00eb ishte shteti i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00ebve t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb. Kisha dhe Shteti ishin bashkuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb partneritet t\u00eb pandash\u00ebm, q\u00eb reflektonin rregullin hyjnor. Administrues i k\u00ebtij rregulli ishte Perandori Romak, z\u00ebvend\u00ebs i zotit n\u00eb tok\u00eb dhe \u201cApostull i Tremb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb i Krishtit\u201d, q\u00eb sundonte si nj\u00eb autokrat i krishter\u00eb prej selis\u00eb s\u00eb tij n\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Konstandini e pati l\u00ebn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e nisur n\u00eb mes dhe nd\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit, Justiniani siguroi madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb konstandiane. Ai shpenzoi gjith\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e vet t\u00eb sundimit p\u00ebr realizimin e madh\u00ebshtis\u00eb romake.<\/p>\n

Ai ishte perandori i par\u00eb i krishter\u00eb \u00acThemeluesi i Kostandinopoj\u00ebs. Vizioni i tij p\u00ebr Rom\u00ebn, qytet t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb mish\u00ebrohej n\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00ebn, jetoi p\u00ebr 1129 vjet. \u2013 Nd\u00ebrtuesi i objekteve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kristiane. E quante veten p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb Zotit mbi tok\u00eb dhe i dha sundimit t\u00eb vet karakter hyjnor. \u2013 \u00cbsht\u00eb shpallur shenjt nga Kisha Katolike. Kisha e Lindjes e konsideron si shenjtorin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh- h\u00ebn Konstandini.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Maximinus II<\/strong>
\nMaximinus II (20 n\u00ebntor 270 \u2013 gusht 313), gjithashtu i njohur si Maximinus Daia ose Maximinus Daza, ishte perandor i Rom\u00ebs nga viti 308 deri n\u00eb vitin 313. N\u00eb vitin 305 xhaxhai i tij, Galerius e adoptoi Maximinusin, duke e rritur at\u00eb n\u00eb rangun e nj\u00eb \u00c7ezari dhe i dhuroi atij qeverin\u00eb e Siris\u00eb dhe Egjiptit. Maximinus filloi ta stilonte veten si Augusti gjat\u00eb fushatave ushtarake. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Galerius n\u00eb vitin 311, Maximinus e ndau Perandorin\u00eb Lindore mes Licinius dhe vetes. Kur Licinius dhe Konstandini filluan t\u00eb miq\u00ebsoheshin shum\u00eb, Maximinus hyri n\u00eb nj\u00eb aleanc\u00eb sekrete me uzurpatorin Maxentius, q\u00eb kontrollonte Italin\u00eb. Ai hyri n\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb hapur me Licinius n\u00eb vitin 313; thirri nj\u00eb ushtri prej 70,000 burrash por p\u00ebsoi nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb madhe. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas ai vdiq, dhe shkaqet e vdekjes s\u00eb tij nuk ishin asnj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb qarta.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Valentinian I<\/strong>
\nValentinian I (lindi n\u00eb vitin 321 \u2013 vdiq m\u00eb 17 n\u00ebntor 375), ishte perandor romak me origjin\u00eb ilire nga viti 364 deri n\u00eb vitin 375 i cili mbrojti me mjesht\u00ebri dhe sukses kufijt\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore kund\u00ebr pushtimeve gjermanike. Valentinian, i cili ishte i biri i nj\u00eb oficeri ushtarak ilir u pozicionua n\u00eb Panonia (n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs), iu bashkua ushtris\u00eb dhe babait t\u00eb tij me sh\u00ebrbim n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. N\u00ebnt\u00eb dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb komandant\u00ebt e ushtris\u00eb e shpall\u00ebn Valentinian perandor. M\u00eb 28 mars ai zgjodhi v\u00ebllain e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl, Valens, si bashk\u00ebsundues, dhe e vendosi at\u00eb si sundues t\u00eb Lindjes, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb mbajti per\u00ebndimin. P\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar linj\u00ebn e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb, Valentinian n\u00eb vitin 367, zgjodhi djalin e tij 8-\u00acvje\u00e7ar, Gratian, si bashk\u00ebperandor. Vet\u00eb vdiq si pasoj\u00eb e nj\u00eb ataku n\u00eb zem\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Valens<\/strong>
\nValens (lindi n\u00eb vitin 328 \u2013 vdiq m\u00eb 9 gusht 378), emri i plot\u00eb i t\u00eb cilit ishte Flavius Julius Valens Augustus, ishte Perandor i pjes\u00ebs lindore t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs nga viti 364 deri n\u00eb vitin 378. Atij iu dha gjysma e e perandoris\u00eb, ajo e pjes\u00ebs lindore nga v\u00ebllai i tij m\u00eb i madh, Valentinian I, pasi ky i fundit mori fronin. Valens, i njohur edhe si perandori i fundit i Rom\u00ebs, u mund dhe u vra n\u00eb Betej\u00ebn e Adrianopoj\u00ebs, q\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi fillimin e fundit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe romake. Valens dhe v\u00ebllai i tij, Valentinian lind\u00ebn t\u00eb dy n\u00eb Cibalae (Kroacin\u00eb e sotme) n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje ilire.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Gratian<\/strong>
\nGratian, (Flavius Gratianus Augustus) lindi n\u00eb Iliri n\u00eb vitin 359\u00ac dhe vdiq n\u00eb gusht t\u00eb vitit 383. Ai sh\u00ebrbeu si perandor i Rom\u00ebs nga viti 367 deri n\u00eb vitin 383. Gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tij ai e ndau sundimin s\u00eb bashku me t\u00eb atin, Valentinian I dhe xhaxhain e tij, Valens. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Valentinian I (n\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 375), Gratian ishte tashm\u00eb sundimtari i vet\u00ebm i Per\u00ebndimit. Pas nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr ai njohu si kolegun e tij gjysm\u00ebv\u00ebllain 4-vje\u00e7ar, Valentinian. N\u00ebn ndikimin e Ausonius, Gratian k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb sundimi i tij t\u00eb ishte i mir\u00eb e popullor.<\/p>\n

Ai e shpenzoi pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb mbret\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tij duke u ndeshur me fiset q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin t\u00eb pushtonin tokat romake. N\u00eb vitin 378 ai u vonua pak p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjakshme me Got\u00ebt n\u00eb Adrianopoj\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar Valensin, q\u00eb u vra n\u00eb konflikt, Gratian vendosi Theodosius perandor n\u00eb lindje n\u00eb vitin 379. Kur n\u00eb vitin 383, Gratiani d\u00ebgjoi se n\u00eb Britani ishte vet\u00ebshpallur nj\u00eb perandor me emrin Magnus Maximus, p\u00ebr ta ndalur at\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb pushtonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb tok\u00eb, ai vendosi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhynte.<\/p>\n

Por Gratiani u dezertua nga trupat e tij, dhe nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebrkonte arratisjen n\u00eb Alpe, ai u vra n\u00eb tradh\u00ebti nga got\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Marciani<\/strong>
\nMarciani (Flavius Marcianus Augustus) (lindi n\u00eb vitin 392 \u2013 vdiq m\u00eb 27 janar 457) ishte nj\u00eb perandor bizantin me origjin\u00eb ilire nga viti 450 deri n\u00eb vitin 457. Sundimi i Marcianit shenjoi rikuperimin e Perandoris\u00eb Lindore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e mbrojti nga sulmet dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e jashtme dhe b\u00ebri reforma n\u00eb ekonomi. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr politikat izoluese t\u00eb Marcianit e lan\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore Romake pa ndihma kund\u00ebr sulmeve barbare, q\u00eb u materializuan n\u00eb fushatat italiane n\u00eb Attila n\u00eb vitin 455.<\/p>\n

Kisha Ortodokse Per\u00ebndimore e njeh Marcianin si nj\u00eb shenjtor p\u00ebr rolin e tij n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Kish\u00ebs. Pas nj\u00eb lufte t\u00eb gjat\u00eb me prij\u00ebsin e Hun\u00ebve, Atil\u00ebn, Marciani ishte i lumtur q\u00eb e kishte par\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur Atil\u00ebn para syve t\u00eb tij. Marciani vdiq m\u00eb 27 janar 457 nga s\u00ebmundja e gangren\u00ebs. Ai u varros n\u00eb kish\u00ebn Apostoli i Shenjt\u00eb n\u00eb Kostandinopoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Anastasi<\/strong>
\nPerandori Anastas (491\u00ac-518), i cili hipi n\u00eb fronin perandorak n\u00eb vitin 491 kishte lindur n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs. Anastasi e rrethoi Durr\u00ebsin me mure, duke nd\u00ebrtuar k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e famshme me tre mure rrethuese dhe kat\u00ebr kulla. Gjithashtu nd\u00ebrtoi edhe hipodromin. Ai sundoi gati 20 vjet dhe p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebr disa reforma. Anastasi b\u00ebri reformimin e taksave, t\u00eb cilat nuk do t\u00eb mblidheshin si m\u00eb par\u00eb nga k\u00ebshillat, por nga n\u00ebpun\u00ebsit e financ\u00ebs t\u00eb em\u00ebruar nga prefekti pretorian.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu ai b\u00ebri edhe reform\u00ebn monetare duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb qarkullim monedhat prej bronzi n\u00eb vend t\u00eb atyre prej bakri. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e sundimit t\u00eb Perandorit Anastas u ndaluan ndeshjet midis gladiator\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebr amfiteatre. Anastasi vdiq m\u00eb 1 korrik t\u00eb vitit 518. Ai p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb histori p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e murit t\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrreth Konstandinopoj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Justiniani i Madh i Iliris\u00eb<\/strong>
\nJustiniani lindi n\u00eb Bederiana t\u00eb Dardanis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 482. Vdiq n\u00eb Konstandinopoj\u00eb m\u00eb 14 n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 565. Perandor prej dat\u00ebs 1 gusht 527 deri m\u00eb 14 n\u00ebntor 565.<\/p>\n

Justiniani dallohet p\u00ebr dijet e thella, vullnetin e jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pun\u00eb dhe kultur\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr rip\u00ebrt\u00ebritjen e ides\u00eb perandorake romake. Duke marr\u00eb arsimim t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Ai mundi t\u00eb ishte kompetent n\u00eb shum\u00eb fusha: teologji, politik\u00eb, strategji ushtarake, art, arkitektur\u00eb, shkenc\u00eb. U p\u00ebrgatit shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00eb fron, m\u00eb me kujdes se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sunduesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine. Ishte Perandori i fundit q\u00eb b\u00ebri p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u2019i bashkuar pjes\u00ebt lindore dhe per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Justiniani synonte forcimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb shtetit, prandaj i dha nj\u00eb shtytje t\u00eb fuqishme veprimtaris\u00eb ekonomike. N\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi ai mb\u00ebshteti lirimin e skllev\u00ebrve dhe lidhjen e tyre me ngastrat e vogla t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, q\u00eb i merrnin p\u00ebr t\u2019i punuar. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb Justinianit, tregtia e Bizantit u rrit shum\u00eb dhe Kostandinopoja u b\u00eb qendra e bot\u00ebs. Deti Mesdhe, pas pushtimeve n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, Itali dhe Spanj\u00eb, u kthye n\u00eb liqen romak.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr rolin e jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Justinianit n\u00eb mbrojtjen e doktrin\u00ebs kishtare, ruajtjen e unitetit fetar dhe ngritjen e katedraleve, bazilikave dhe kishave n\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt e Perandoris\u00eb, u shenjt\u00ebrua. Festa e Sh\u00ebn Justinianit \u00ebsht\u00eb me 14 n\u00ebntor. Sot p\u00ebrkujtohet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn e krishter\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb krishterimin e ritit lindor.<\/p>\n

Justiniani ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i lidhur me vendlindjen dhe popullin q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste. Kjo nuk ishte thjesht\u00eb lidhje shpirt\u00ebrore dhe nostalgji p\u00ebr prejardhjen. Ai u mb\u00ebshtet shum\u00eb n\u00eb rrethin e vet familjar dhe bashk\u00ebkombasit e vet ilir\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb forc\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb ushtri dhe n\u00eb aparatin shtet\u00ebror. N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga mbishkrimet e gjetura n\u00eb Itali b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr numrin e madh t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve (numerius felix Illyrianorum), q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb perandorake.<\/p>\n

Kujtojm\u00eb edhe rolin e madh t\u00eb tre gjeneral\u00ebve ilir\u00eb: Belisari, Mundi dhe Germani (kush\u00ebri i tij) p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e Perandoris\u00eb dhe realizimin e ambicieve t\u00eb Perandorit. Por ndryshe nga perandor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ilir\u00eb, Justiniani nuk u mjaftua me ilirizimin e kast\u00ebs perandorake dhe u p\u00ebrpoq q\u00eb Iliria t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb status t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb i privilegjuar se rajonet e tjera.<\/p>\n

Justiniani nd\u00ebrtoi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Dardani tet\u00eb qytete t\u00eb reja dhe meremetoi pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb e nj\u00eb qytete t\u00eb tjera. Po k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb Epirin e Ri, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Mesme, Perandori nd\u00ebrtoi tridhjet\u00eb e dy k\u00ebshtjella t\u00eb reja dhe meremetoi tridhjet\u00eb e gjasht\u00eb ekzistuese. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb territorin e Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket territorit t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut u nd\u00ebrtuan dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb k\u00ebshtjella t\u00eb reja dhe u meremetuan dyzet e shtat\u00eb k\u00ebshtjella t\u00eb tjera. Perandori rind\u00ebrtoi krejt\u00ebsisht qytetin e Singidinumit dhe e rrethoi me fortesa shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Po k\u00ebshtu ngriti nj\u00eb fortes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb k\u00ebtij qyteti.<\/p>\n

Me emrin e vet, Justinianopolis, Perandori pag\u00ebzoi edhe qytetin Adrianopolis n\u00eb Epir. Gjithashtu pran\u00eb Justinian\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb, u nd\u00ebrtua nj\u00eb qytet i ri, i quajtur Justinopolis, p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb daj\u00ebs s\u00eb Augustit, themeluesit t\u00eb dinastis\u00eb, Perandorit Justin I.<\/p>\n

Justinani u kujdes q\u00eb Iliriku t\u00eb ndihej i sigurt\u00eb dhe e b\u00ebri mbrojtjen e territoreve ilire prej sulmeve t\u00eb barbar\u00ebve nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje personale. N\u00eb territoret ilire u nd\u00ebrtuan 43 fortesa t\u00eb reja dhe u riparuan 50 fortesa t\u00eb tjera. Kur n\u00eb vitin 540 hordhit\u00eb bullgare dhe sllave sulmuan Ilirikun, Justiniani nd\u00ebrtoi,ose meremetoi rreth 400 vendfortifikime, shumica prej t\u00eb cilave shum\u00eb larg kufijve. Dante e percepton Justinianin si p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesin e denj\u00eb t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Rom\u00ebs. Si p\u00ebrfundim, shekulli VI mbizot\u00ebrohet nga personaliteti i Justinianit, kurse sundimi i tij sh\u00ebnon pik\u00ebn kulmore t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake t\u00eb Lindjes. Justiniani i Madh \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr personalitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb shquara historik\u00eb t\u00eb Koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr dhe padyshim sunduesi m\u00eb i lavdish\u00ebm i Perandoris\u00eb nj\u00ebmij\u00eb e nj\u00ebqindvje\u00e7are t\u00eb Bizantit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Justiniani i Madh i Iliris\u00eb – mozaik n\u00eb Ravenna E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani P\u00ebr rreth 3 shekuj (251\u2013565), Roma u mbizot\u00ebrua nga perandor\u00eb ilir\u00eb; ishte pik\u00ebrisht kjo periudh\u00eb kur fiset vandale e sllave u mbajt\u00ebn larg kufijve t\u00eb rajonit, i cili m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb quhej Ballkan. Shumica e tyre kan\u00eb ardhur nga rajoni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nPERANDOR\u00cbT ILIR\u00cb Q\u00cb MBIZOT\u00cbRUAN ROM\u00cbN - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/perandoret-ilire-qe-mbizoteruan-romen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PERANDOR\u00cbT ILIR\u00cb Q\u00cb MBIZOT\u00cbRUAN ROM\u00cbN - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Justiniani i Madh i Iliris\u00eb – mozaik n\u00eb Ravenna E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani P\u00ebr rreth 3 shekuj (251\u2013565), Roma u mbizot\u00ebrua nga perandor\u00eb ilir\u00eb; ishte pik\u00ebrisht kjo periudh\u00eb kur fiset vandale e sllave u mbajt\u00ebn larg kufijve t\u00eb rajonit, i cili m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb quhej Ballkan. 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