{"id":74469,"date":"2021-12-12T17:19:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T16:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjala.info\/?p=74469"},"modified":"2021-12-12T20:56:11","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T19:56:11","slug":"kostot-ne-rritje-per-beqaret-ne-amerike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kostot-ne-rritje-per-beqaret-ne-amerike\/","title":{"rendered":"Kostot n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ilustrimet nga Daniela Jordan-Villaveces<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Pse jeta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq armiq\u00ebsore ndaj beqar\u00ebve?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nga Anne Helen Petersen<\/strong>, 2 dhjetor 2021<\/em>, Vox.com<\/a> – P\u00ebrktheu Arben \u00c7okaj<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Mendoni p\u00ebr shpenzimet mujore t\u00eb familjes suaj. Jan\u00eb artikujt e biletave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha – qiraja ose hipoteka juaj, kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, ndoshta nj\u00eb kredi studentore. Pastaj ka gj\u00ebra m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla: faturat e sh\u00ebrbimeve; faturat e internetit dhe telefonit; Netflix, Hulu dhe t\u00eb gjitha abonimet tuaja t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb transmetimit. N\u00ebse vozitni nj\u00eb makin\u00eb, ka gaz dhe sigurim. N\u00ebse merrni metron\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb leje kalimi publik. Ju paguani p\u00ebr ushqimin dhe sendet sht\u00ebpiake si letra higjienike dhe qese mbeturinash dhe llamba. Ju blini mobilje dhe \u00e7ar\u00e7af\u00eb dhe pjata.<\/p>\n

Tani imagjinoni t\u00eb paguani p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha ato gj\u00ebra plot\u00ebsisht vet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse jetoni vet\u00ebm – ose si nj\u00eb prind i vet\u00ebm ose kujdestar – nuk keni pse t\u00eb imagjinoni. Kjo eshte Jeta jote. T\u00eb gjitha shpenzimet e ekzistenc\u00ebs n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, mbi nj\u00eb grup shpatullash. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj familjeje me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb vetme, ajo po b\u00ebhet gjithashtu gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e paq\u00ebndrueshme. Kur flasim p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha m\u00ebnyrat se si \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb solide financiare n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e mesme, duhet t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn sesi shoq\u00ebria jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e krijuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, q\u00eb e b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit beqar\u00eb t\u00eb bien p\u00ebrmes plasaritjeve<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, ne duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb nj\u00eb term t\u00eb ngath\u00ebt, por thelb\u00ebsor. Njer\u00ebzit beqar\u00eb ose q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm mund ose nuk mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb partner\u00eb me dik\u00eb n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ose t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, dhe mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb ose jo prind\u00ebr, por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jetojn\u00eb dhe mbajn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faturat e tyre. Disa jan\u00eb n\u00eb pension; disa jan\u00eb t\u00eb ve ose t\u00eb divorcuar; disa jan\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie n\u00eb distanc\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dy familje. Disa kan\u00eb jetuar vet\u00ebm, me q\u00ebllim ose me keqardhje, gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

Ka kaq shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb dhe arsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur t\u00eb jetosh e vet\u00ebm ose solo, dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz po e jetojn\u00eb at\u00eb se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb: Q\u00eb nga viti 2021, 28 p\u00ebrqind e amerikan\u00ebve<\/strong> jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm. N\u00eb vitin 1960, ishin vet\u00ebm 13 p\u00ebrqind; deri n\u00eb vitin 1980, ishte 23 p\u00ebr qind. 11 milion\u00eb familje t\u00eb tjera<\/strong> kryesohen nga nj\u00eb prind i vet\u00ebm, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb trefishuar<\/strong> q\u00eb nga viti 1965. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, 31 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb rriturve n\u00eb SHBA identifikohen<\/strong> sot si beqar\u00eb, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si t\u00eb pamartuar, q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb partner ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar.<\/p>\n

Shifra prej 31 p\u00ebrqind \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/strong> si p\u00ebr burrat ashtu edhe p\u00ebr grat\u00eb n\u00eb total, por ndryshon ndjesh\u00ebm nga raca dhe orientimi seksual: Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb sondazhit t\u00eb Pew, 47 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb rriturve zezak\u00eb jan\u00eb beqar\u00eb, krahasuar me 28 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve t\u00eb bardh\u00eb dhe 27 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve. T\u00eb rriturit hispanik\u00eb; 47 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb rriturve q\u00eb jan\u00eb identifikuar si homoseksual\u00eb, lezbike ose biseksuale jan\u00eb beqar\u00eb, krahasuar me 29 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve hetero.<\/p>\n

Pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb ndarja e mosh\u00ebs: Grat\u00eb jetojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u2013 dhe, gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, fitojn\u00eb m\u00eb pak para. Burrat, si rregull i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, kan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb jen\u00eb beqar\u00eb kur jan\u00eb t\u00eb rinj, t\u00eb martohen m\u00eb von\u00eb (ose p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb) dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb martuar deri n\u00eb vdekje. E kund\u00ebrta \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr grat\u00eb: ato kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb martohen t\u00eb reja, por m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb t\u00eb divorcuara ose t\u00eb veja dhe jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me kalimin e mosh\u00ebs. Duke pasur parasysh k\u00ebto dhe tendenca t\u00eb tjera – duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb koston e lart\u00eb t\u00eb plakjes<\/strong>, faktin q\u00eb grat\u00eb<\/strong> (dhe grat\u00eb zezake n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti<\/strong>) fitojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak para gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre – jan\u00eb grat\u00eb (dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, grat\u00eb e zeza n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti) ato q\u00eb shpesh mbajn\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb financiare t\u00eb jet\u00ebs si beqare.<\/p>\n

Ju mund t’i atribuoni disa nga k\u00ebto rritje divorcit pa faj, i cili filloi t\u00eb standardizohej n\u00eb vitet 1970; plakja e vazhdueshme e migrant\u00ebve – t\u00eb cil\u00ebt po plaken, por jo gjithmon\u00eb bashk\u00eb; dhe njer\u00ebzit e arsimuar n\u00eb universitet, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, duke e shtyr\u00eb martes\u00ebn deri m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb. Shtoni k\u00ebtu revolucionin seksual, l\u00ebvizjen feministe, burgosjen masive t\u00eb burrave me ngjyr\u00eb, pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb e \u00e7ifteve t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit seks p\u00ebr t’u martuar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin ose, n\u00eb disa shtete, t\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb deri relativisht koh\u00ebt e fundit, dhe ritmet n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb respektimit fetar, dhe ju keni nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb arsyesh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurura, q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb beqar\u00eb ose q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me ritme shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, k\u00ebto shifra nuk po rriten sepse shoq\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur p\u00ebr t\u00eb akomoduar beqar\u00ebt ose q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Krejt e kund\u00ebrta; ato po rriten edhe pse Shtetet e Bashkuara jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb organizuara, pothuajse n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb akomoduar dhe leht\u00ebsuar jet\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve partner\u00eb dhe q\u00eb bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb martuarve. Duket se nuk i p\u00eblqejm\u00eb apo respektojm\u00eb beqar\u00ebt dhe zgjedhjet e tyre. Nuk ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi se sa k\u00ebng\u00eb, libra apo filma duket se mbrojn\u00eb triumfet e nj\u00eb personi beqar. Veprimet tona shoq\u00ebrore – m\u00ebnyra se si i mb\u00ebshtesim dhe shp\u00ebrblejm\u00eb njer\u00ebzit – sugjerojn\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Beqar\u00ebt, teorikisht, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb mish\u00ebrimi m\u00eb i past\u00ebr i vlerave amerikane t\u00eb vet\u00eb-mjaftueshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe individualizmit.<\/strong><\/em> Fakti q\u00eb ata nuk jan\u00eb, flet p\u00ebr faktin se ne nuk adhurojm\u00eb individin – ne nderojm\u00eb familjen individuale. Familja nxit kushtet p\u00ebr suksesin e individit: Bashk\u00ebshorti ndihmon n\u00eb krijimin e kushteve q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur suksesin; f\u00ebmij\u00ebt (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn teorikisht) e mbajn\u00eb individin t\u00eb bazuar, t\u00eb fokusuar dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrulur. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse kaq shum\u00eb tregime t\u00eb suksesit “individual” ose fillojn\u00eb me at\u00eb familje tashm\u00eb t\u00eb vendosur, ose – si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti me kaq shum\u00eb kompozime dhe kujtime, nga Seksi n\u00eb qytet<\/em> te Si t\u00eb jesh beqar<\/em> – p\u00ebrfundon atje.<\/p>\n

Beqar\u00ebt duhet, n\u00eb teori, t\u00eb jen\u00eb mish\u00ebrimi m\u00eb i past\u00ebr i vlerave amerikane t\u00eb vet\u00eb-mjaftueshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe individualizmit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Beqaria e famshme \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, tep\u00ebr e ngusht\u00eb. P\u00ebr grat\u00eb, ju duhet t\u00eb jeni 1) aktive dhe me sukses n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb partneritetit; 2) e pasur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshkrueshme dhe mbi shqyrtim; dhe\/ose 3) nj\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebmohuese. Beqar\u00ebt e “konfirmuar” ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb marrin nj\u00eb leje p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kthehen me prind\u00ebrit e tyre; k\u00ebshtu b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb moshuarit, t\u00eb vejat (por vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohe) dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb rinj. Njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb beqar\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb stigmatizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb mbivendosura, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs, klas\u00ebs, rac\u00ebs dhe identitetit t\u00eb tyre seksual. Ne nuk i quajm\u00eb m\u00eb\u00a0spinster\u00eb<\/em> njer\u00ebzit beqar\u00eb apo t\u00eb pamartuar, devijues apo me probleme sociale, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn jo n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite. Por kjo armiq\u00ebsi e fsheht\u00eb ndaj njer\u00ebzve beqar\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm? \u00cbsht\u00eb kudo.<\/p>\n

Kjo ishte v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsia p\u00ebr mua kur rishikova Rebecca Traister’s All the Single Ladies<\/strong> (T\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb beqare<\/em>) n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull. Libri, plot me histori sesi grat\u00eb kan\u00eb krijuar jet\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme dhe kuptimplote p\u00ebr veten e tyre, p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb qart\u00eb mbi kostot e p\u00ebrjashtimit. Megjithat\u00eb, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb ende nj\u00eb reklam\u00eb, nj\u00eb lloji, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jetese. Duke e lexuar at\u00eb, si\u00e7 b\u00ebra un\u00eb, pasi krehja historit\u00eb e grave q\u00eb m\u00eb kishin shkruar p\u00ebr pengesat e vogla dhe t\u00eb pakap\u00ebrcyeshme ndaj stabilitetit, m\u00eb b\u00ebri t\u00eb kuptoj se sa shum\u00eb kemi m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb justifikojm\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak se beqar\u00ebt kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb – dhe madje t\u00eb lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb – p\u00ebrball\u00eb armiq\u00ebsis\u00eb shoq\u00ebrore, nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata nuk kan\u00eb vuajtur pasoja t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme ose q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt nuk i vuajn\u00eb ato sot.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vjesht\u00ebn e vitit 2019, 28-vje\u00e7arja Amelia po ndante nj\u00eb apartament me dy dhoma gjumi me nj\u00eb mik n\u00eb Los Angeles. Ashtu si shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, ajo kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shok dhome p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur kostot, por t\u00eb kesh nj\u00eb shok dhome nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kur\u00eb p\u00ebr paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e jet\u00ebs beqare: njer\u00ebzit largohen, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar me partner\u00ebt ose vet\u00eb. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, t\u00eb jetosh me nj\u00eb shok dhome do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb pres\u00ebsh gjithmon\u00eb q\u00eb situata t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb, pa fjal\u00ebn t\u00ebnde, kur t\u00eb dal\u00eb qiraja. Amelia po kalonte, por ajo kurr\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb kursente p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer faturat e kart\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb kreditit ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer kredit\u00eb e saj studentore, e l\u00ebre m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb fond emergjence. (Amelia, si njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt fola p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb histori, p\u00ebrmendet me em\u00ebr vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur privat\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj rreth financave personale.)<\/p>\n

Pastaj ajo humbi pun\u00ebn e saj dhe pas kat\u00ebr muajsh k\u00ebrkimi pa sukses, ajo nuk kishte zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e prind\u00ebrve t\u00eb saj n\u00eb Las Vegas. Ajo p\u00ebrfundimisht gjeti nj\u00eb “pun\u00eb t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb njohurive me jak\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb<\/em>“, q\u00eb mund ta b\u00ebnte nga distanca dhe shikonte se si gjendja e saj financiare b\u00ebhej m\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr \u00e7do muaj.<\/p>\n

Gati dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, Amelia ka shlyer disa nga kredit\u00eb e saj studentore dhe kredin\u00eb e saj p\u00ebr makin\u00ebn, ka mbledhur nj\u00eb fond emergjence dhe ka kursyer mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb paradh\u00ebnie t\u00eb vog\u00ebl p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Mund t\u00eb thuash se kjo ndodh sepse ajo nuk po paguante m\u00eb qiran\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e saj ishte thjesht t\u00eb jetonte me prind\u00ebrit e saj: ajo nd\u00ebrroi pages\u00ebn p\u00ebr sende ushqimore, huazoi makin\u00ebn e tyre kur ajo kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr riparim dhe nuk kishte pse t\u00eb shkonte m\u00eb tej n\u00eb borxhin e kart\u00ebs s\u00eb kreditit, nd\u00ebrsa vazhdonte t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb pun\u00eb. Ajo kishte nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, se si mund t\u00eb ishte t\u00eb ndash p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb financiare me nj\u00eb partner, jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet komunale dhe t\u00eb marr\u00eb me qira me nj\u00eb shok dhome.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, tani q\u00eb Amelia po largohet vet\u00eb, kostot e t\u00eb jetuarit vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqen, si mysafir\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga dera e pasme n\u00eb nj\u00eb fest\u00eb. Ju as nuk e kuptoni se sa pun\u00eb po b\u00ebni p\u00ebr t’i pritur derisa t\u00eb shikoni sht\u00ebpin\u00eb p\u00ebrball\u00eb rrug\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb shihni se ata kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin num\u00ebr t\u00eb ftuarish, por jan\u00eb dy nikoqir\u00eb q\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar t\u00eb gjitha detyrat dhe mbulojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha shpenzimet.<\/p>\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb disi e kund\u00ebrta e asaj q\u00eb ndodhi me Rachel, 37, kur ajo dhe burri i saj u divorcuan tre vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. “N\u00ebse di\u00e7ka do t\u00eb flak\u00eb nga dritarja bindjet tuaja themelore p\u00ebr familjen b\u00ebrthamore dhe \u00ebndrr\u00ebn partnere amerikane<\/em>,” m\u00eb tha Rachel, “\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje emocionalisht shkat\u00ebrruese q\u00eb p\u00ebrkon me lindjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs tuaj<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

\"\" Menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas divorcit, v\u00ebllai i Rakel\u00ebs i tha asaj se sht\u00ebpia ngjitur me t\u00eb do t\u00eb dilte n\u00eb shitje. Qirat\u00eb n\u00eb Bellingham, qyteti i mes\u00ebm i kolegjit shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Uashingtonit, ku ata t\u00eb dy jetonin, po b\u00ebheshin m\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme \u00e7do vit. S\u00eb shpejti, blerja e nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpie me pag\u00ebn e m\u00ebsuesit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs publike – e cila, me n\u00ebnt\u00eb vjet p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, plus nj\u00eb bonus p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnien n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb Title I, shton rreth $100,000 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit – mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e paarritshme. K\u00ebshtu Rasheli b\u00ebri di\u00e7ka impulsive: fitoi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb IRA-n e saj, huazoi disa para nga prind\u00ebrit dhe ish-burri i saj dhe bleu sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e ndan me djalin e saj 5-vje\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Aty jeton edhe di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr: \u201cbisha gjigante, e frikshme<\/em>\u201d q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pagesa e saj e hipotek\u00ebs. “Un\u00eb mund t’ia dal nga muaji n\u00eb muaj, por \u00e7do lloj kursimi ose fondi emergjence \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb jasht\u00eb tryez\u00ebs<\/em>,” shpjegoi Rachel. \u201cKy \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshimi i madh midis t\u00eb qenit partner dhe t\u00eb qenit e vetme: aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar kursime. Dhe ndihem sikur n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ndodhte nj\u00eb emergjenc\u00eb, do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb lloj rrjete sigurie<\/em>.\u201d Ekziston nj\u00eb statistik\u00eb e cituar shpesh se vet\u00ebm 39 p\u00ebrqind e amerikan\u00ebve mendojn\u00eb se mund t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shpenzim urgjent prej 1000 dollar\u00ebsh<\/strong> – por nj\u00eb studim i Rezerv\u00ebs Federale t\u00eb vitit 2018, tregoi se vet\u00ebm 15 p\u00ebrqind<\/strong> e prind\u00ebrve beqar\u00eb kishin tre muaj shpenzime n\u00eb dor\u00eb dhe 41 p\u00ebrqind nuk kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 400 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb kursime.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra, Amelia dhe Rachel jan\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjuar n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e vetme. T\u00eb dyja kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb blejn\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre \u2013 edhe n\u00ebse, n\u00eb rastin e Rachel, kjo n\u00ebnkuptonte gjithashtu hipotekimin e nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb pensionit t\u00eb saj. P\u00ebr shum\u00eb prej qindra njer\u00ebzve, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kam d\u00ebgjuar gjat\u00eb raportimit tim, t\u00eb bashkohesh mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb paradh\u00ebnie, e l\u00ebre m\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikohesh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb hipotek\u00eb me nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhur t\u00eb vetme, duket e pamundur. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb, gjithashtu, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur f\u00ebmij\u00eb vet\u00eb ose duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr procesin e bir\u00ebsimit.<\/p>\n

Caitlin, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 33 vje\u00e7 dhe jeton n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Uashington, DC, \u00ebsht\u00eb aseksuale dhe aromantike dhe nuk k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb ket\u00eb partner. Ajo mund t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb shoqe dhome, e cila mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb me disa fatura mujore, por midis kostos s\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb DC dhe kredive studentore q\u00eb ajo vet\u00ebm s\u00eb fundmi ka mundur t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00ebn gjasht\u00eb shifra, do t’i duheshin ende vite p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb paradh\u00ebnie. Si\u00e7 tha ajo, “t\u00eb mos jesh n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kursesh shum\u00eb, apo edhe thjesht t\u00eb varesh nga kursimet e nj\u00eb personi, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb blerja e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kesh f\u00ebmij\u00eb jan\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb fantazi<\/em>“. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb me nj\u00eb pag\u00eb para taksave prej rreth $100,000 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

Caroline, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb 46 vje\u00e7, jeton n\u00eb Vermont dhe ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje me dik\u00eb p\u00ebr 10 vjet. Nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb faktor\u00ebsh, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb logjistik\u00ebn, pun\u00ebt dhe divorcet, kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb ata kurr\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku dhe ajo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e sigurt se do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironte. Megjithat\u00eb, “jeta \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb<\/em>,” tha ajo. \u201cMe dy persona q\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb, ndoshta ju mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni nj\u00eb pushim. Ndoshta mund t\u00eb paguaj p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tilla si prerje flok\u00ebsh ose rroba t\u00eb reja, pa hyr\u00eb n\u00eb borxhe. Dhe, sigurisht, financat jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjysma e historis\u00eb: Ekziston edhe kostoja e koh\u00ebs dhe energjis\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb koha e shpenzuar n\u00eb telefon p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur dik\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb \u00e7atin\u00eb, energjia q\u00eb duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb planifikuar nj\u00eb turne n\u00eb kolegj p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebn tim, apo stresi i fatur\u00ebs s\u00eb ngrohjes, t\u00eb kesh dik\u00eb p\u00ebr ta ndar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte pothuajse e pa\u00e7mueshme<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me q\u00ebndrimet personale: shoq\u00ebria amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb strukturalisht antagoniste ndaj njer\u00ebzve beqar\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb solo. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e q\u00ebllimshme, pasi familjet kushtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shum\u00eb baz\u00eb parash p\u00ebr t’u mbajtur, dhe kjo shum\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet kur barra ndahet nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb person. Ka edhe forma t\u00eb tjera antagonizmi, t\u00eb ngulitura thell\u00eb n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme. Edhe pse m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u00e7ifte se kurr\u00eb “bashk\u00ebjetojn\u00eb”, pa qen\u00eb t\u00eb martuar, aq shum\u00eb nga privilegjet strukturore t\u00eb partneritetit, ende rrotullohen rreth institucionit t\u00eb martes\u00ebs. (Regjistrimi i SHBA-s\u00eb ende e koncepton statusin e “beqarit” si \u00e7dokush, q\u00eb aktualisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i martuar.)<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb kodi tatimor. Shumica e njer\u00ebzve nuk e kuptojn\u00eb se deri n\u00eb vitin 1948, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb depozitonin tatimet mbi t\u00eb ardhurat vet\u00ebm, pavar\u00ebsisht nga statusi martesor. Politika ndryshoi me shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb dekurajuar “ndryshimin e t\u00eb ardhurave<\/em>“, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn, t\u00eb themi, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebshort q\u00eb fitonte 100,000 dollar\u00eb do t’i transferonte 50,000 dollar\u00eb nga ato para gruas s\u00eb tyre, duke siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb dy t\u00eb tatoheshin me nj\u00eb norm\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. (Kjo periudh\u00eb ishte gjithashtu, duhet theksuar, kur shkalla e tatimit mbi t\u00eb ardhurat p\u00ebr fituesit kryesor\u00eb ishte midis 80 dhe 90 p\u00ebr qind.) Regjistrimi “i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt” u krijua si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar zhvendosjen e t\u00eb ardhurave me ndarjen e t\u00eb ardhurave.<\/p>\n

Skenari ishte shum\u00eb i mrekulluesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb martuarit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb martuarit me nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhur. P\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt? M\u00eb pak i madh. Si\u00e7 argumenton studiuesja juridike Anne L. Alstott n\u00eb “P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i Shtetit t\u00eb Mir\u00ebqenies: Martesa, Tatimi mbi t\u00eb Ardhurat dhe Sigurimet Shoq\u00ebrore n\u00eb Epok\u00ebn e Individualizmit<\/strong>“, shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e t\u00eb rriturve n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ose ishin t\u00eb martuar ose planifikonin t\u00eb martoheshin. (Mosha mesatare e martes\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1950: 23 p\u00ebr burrat<\/strong>, 20 p\u00ebr grat\u00eb<\/strong>, me 78 p\u00ebrqind<\/strong> e t\u00eb rriturve t\u00eb martuar dhe shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb pamartuarve t\u00eb ve.) Kush do t\u00eb protestonte?<\/p>\n

Shoq\u00ebria amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb strukturalisht antagoniste ndaj njer\u00ebzve beqar\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb solo.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nga fundi i viteve 1960, ai supozim themelor i kodit tatimor filloi t\u00eb l\u00ebkundet. Normat e divorceve po rriteshin ngadal\u00eb dhe gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb gra po hynin n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Kongresi vendosi t\u00eb modifikoj\u00eb kllapat tatimore n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb depozituesit e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim kaq t\u00eb madh tatimor. Ky modifikim krijoi problemin e vet: i ashtuquajturi “d\u00ebnim martese” p\u00ebr \u00e7iftet, ku t\u00eb dy bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebt punonin me pages\u00eb jasht\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb shpesh i shtynte ata n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup taksash m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, sesa n\u00ebse do t\u00eb b\u00ebnin k\u00ebrkes\u00eb si beqar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

D\u00ebnimi i martes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb zbehur vitet e fundit<\/strong>, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas uljes s\u00eb taksave republikane t\u00eb vitit 2017, q\u00eb synonte t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb larta. Por nd\u00ebshkimi p\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt mbetet \u2013 kodi i taksave \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i shkruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb martesa nga klasa e mesme e viteve 1950, q\u00eb zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre<\/strong>. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e shk\u00eblqyeshme p\u00ebr miliona familje q\u00eb po p\u00ebrballen me barr\u00eb t\u00eb tjera kostoje rreth jet\u00ebs beqare.<\/p>\n

Kodet e taksave progresive synojn\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn teorikisht, t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb barabart\u00eb t\u00eb kostove t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit. Ato duhet (p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, teorikisht) t\u00eb rip\u00ebrshtaten kur nj\u00eb grup i caktuar fillon t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi joproporcionale t\u00eb asaj barre – si, p\u00ebr shembull, beqar\u00ebt ose t\u00eb divorcuarit. Kjo nuk ka ndodhur, as p\u00ebr \u00e7iftet me dy fitues dhe as p\u00ebr numrin n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb familjeve beqare apo t\u00eb vetme. Realiteti se si njer\u00ebzit jetojn\u00eb dhe kush punon ka ndryshuar. Politika nuk ka mbajtur ritmin.<\/p>\n

I nj\u00ebjti parim vlen edhe p\u00ebr Sigurimet Shoq\u00ebrore, t\u00eb cilat u krijuan para s\u00eb gjithash si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur t\u00eb moshuarit, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos jetonin vitet e tyre t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve. Ideja ishte e thjesht\u00eb: Ju dhe pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit tuaj paguani nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb pag\u00ebs tuaj tani, dhe kur t\u00eb dilni n\u00eb pension, keni mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar.<\/p>\n

Arkitekt\u00ebt e programit ishin t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se do t\u00eb funksiononte vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse krijoni nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr grat\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb punuar kurr\u00eb me pages\u00eb (sht\u00ebpiake), ato q\u00eb puna e t\u00eb cilave me pages\u00eb nuk ishte e pranueshme p\u00ebr Sigurimet Shoq\u00ebrore (pun\u00ebtoret sht\u00ebpiake) dhe ato q\u00eb puna e tyre ishte me nd\u00ebrprerje dhe gjithmon\u00eb paguheshin m\u00eb pak se burrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur akses n\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet e bashk\u00ebshortit t\u00eb tyre, qoft\u00eb si partner\u00eb n\u00eb pension ose n\u00eb rast vdekjeje ose paaft\u00ebsie. Ato kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb t\u00eb njihte formimin patriarkal si t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb ashtu edhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me pages\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, ata u ofruan grave q\u00eb arrit\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn e Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore nj\u00eb zgjedhje: Ju mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni p\u00ebrfitimet tuaja, t\u00eb cilat ndoshta jan\u00eb t\u00eb vogla ose nuk ekzistojn\u00eb; ju mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim “gjysm\u00eb” si bashk\u00ebshort; ose, n\u00ebse burri juaj vdes, ju mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni p\u00ebrfitimet e plota p\u00ebr “t\u00eb mbijetuarit”.<\/p>\n

Por \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi me grat\u00eb e divorcuara? Fillimisht, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishit qen\u00eb t\u00eb martuar p\u00ebr 20 vjet p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb divorcoheshit, mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni ende gjysm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfitimit. Kur gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz filluan t\u00eb divorcoheshin, Kongresi reduktoi koh\u00ebzgjatjen minimale t\u00eb martes\u00ebs n\u00eb 10 vjet. Ky ishte nj\u00eb korrigjues i dobish\u00ebm, por gjithsesi kufizon p\u00ebrfitimin “m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb” – dometh\u00ebn\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimin e nj\u00eb burri, i cili, duke pasur parasysh hendekun e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb pagave, \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse gjithmon\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb – p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb burra, ose q\u00eb jan\u00eb ose ishin t\u00eb martuar me burra p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, nd\u00ebrmjet viteve 1990 dhe 2009, numri i grave q\u00eb arrit\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn e pensionit pa pretendime p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet e burrave u rrit<\/strong> nga 7.5 p\u00ebrqind n\u00eb 16.2 p\u00ebrqind; p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e zeza, ajo shkoi nga 13.4 p\u00ebrqind n\u00eb 33.9 p\u00ebrqind. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb, shumica e k\u00ebtyre grave kishin p\u00ebrfitimet e tyre, por hendeku i pagave dhe fakti q\u00eb grat\u00eb kan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb “feminizuara” me paga m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ato pothuajse me siguri kan\u00eb marr\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb burr\u00eb n\u00eb demografin\u00eb e tyre. N\u00eb vitin 2019, p\u00ebrfitimi mesatar i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb burr\u00eb n\u00eb pension ishte 1,671 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, krahasuar me 1,337 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grua. P\u00ebrfitimi i nj\u00eb gruaje t\u00eb divorcuar ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb akoma m\u00eb i madh se gjysma e p\u00ebrfitimit q\u00eb do t\u00eb merrte nga ish-bashk\u00ebshorti i saj, por i gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimi i “t\u00eb mbijetuarit” t\u00eb nj\u00eb gruaje t\u00eb ve, me sa duket do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se i saj, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse ajo merrte pak koh\u00eb nga fuqia pun\u00ebtore, p\u00ebr t’u kujdesur p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt ose t\u00eb moshuarit.<\/p>\n

E gjith\u00eb kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shumica e njer\u00ebzve nuk mendojn\u00eb derisa t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t’i afrohen mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb pensionit (ose prind\u00ebrit e tyre e b\u00ebjn\u00eb<\/strong>). Ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi sepse n\u00ebnvizon s\u00ebrish struktur\u00ebn e jet\u00ebs amerikane q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb prioritare dhe e favorizuar. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se Sigurimet Shoq\u00ebrore penalizojn\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb beqar\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb modifikuar disa her\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur k\u00ebng\u00ebn e re. Problemi, pra, \u00ebsht\u00eb se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i organizuar rreth t\u00eb kuptuarit q\u00eb grat\u00eb amerikane do t\u00eb martohen dhe do t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb martuara me nj\u00eb burr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre, edhe pse ky mir\u00ebkuptim ka pushuar s\u00eb q\u00ebndruari i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebr miliona.<\/p>\n

Realiteti se si njer\u00ebzit jetojn\u00eb dhe kush punon ka ndryshuar. Politika nuk e ka mbajtur ritmin.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Si\u00e7 v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje Suzanne Kahn n\u00eb Divorce, American Style: Fighting for Women’s Economic Citizenship in the Neoliberal Era<\/strong>, programe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb publike – dhe ato private, q\u00eb synonin t’i plot\u00ebsonin ato – u nd\u00ebrtuan n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin model. Pensionet, p\u00ebrfitimet e sigurimit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, IRA: T\u00eb gjitha ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb akomoduar m\u00eb s\u00eb miri nevojat e nj\u00ebsive familjare t\u00eb martuara (ose t\u00eb veja). N\u00ebse jeni i martuar, mund t\u00eb shtoheni n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e sigurimit t\u00eb bashk\u00ebshortit, e cila i lejon bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebt t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb largohen nga fuqia pun\u00ebtore sipas nevoj\u00ebs ose t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ofrojn\u00eb sigurim me koh\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Beqar\u00ebt, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht beqar\u00ebt me s\u00ebmundje kronike sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak mund\u00ebsi, edhe pas prezantimit t\u00eb Obamacare. (N\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete, opsionet e disponueshme n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimin e tregut mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb tep\u00ebr t\u00eb shtrenjta dhe kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rregullim<\/strong>.)<\/p>\n

Pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb shuma e madhe e p\u00ebrfitimeve t\u00eb ofruara nga shum\u00eb vende pune p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb kan\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Leja prind\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb fantastike. Duhet t\u00eb kemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Por duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb edhe forma t\u00eb lejes, kujdestare ose jo, p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Akti i Pushimit Familjar dhe Mjek\u00ebsor (FMLA) u lejon shum\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve pushim pa pages\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u sh\u00ebruar nga nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e r\u00ebnd\u00eb ose p\u00ebr t’u kujdesur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb an\u00ebtar t\u00eb familjes, por nuk i lejon njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb marrin pushim p\u00ebr t’u kujdesur p\u00ebr dik\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ligj\u00ebrisht familjar. (Mbrojtja me pages\u00eb e familjes dhe e pushimit t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb dhe dal\u00eb<\/strong> nga legjislacioni i Build Back Better p\u00ebr shpenzimet sociale<\/strong>, q\u00eb po kalon n\u00ebp\u00ebr Kongres; propozimi aktual do t\u00eb zgjeronte lejen, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb familjen sipas “gjakut ose afinitetit<\/em>“.)<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto politika dhe programe u krijuan p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur vuajtjet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar efektet e katastrof\u00ebs (ose pandemis\u00eb), p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur njer\u00ebzit nga r\u00ebnia n\u00eb varf\u00ebri. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, ato jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb sugjeron se njer\u00ebzit beqar\u00eb ose q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb, t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb ose t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetet e tyre t\u00eb siguris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2013, Lisa Arnold dhe Christina Campbell shpalos\u00ebn bindsh\u00ebm kostot e larta t\u00eb t\u00eb qenit beqar n\u00eb Atlantik. Duke p\u00ebrdorur llogaritje t\u00eb ndryshme bazuar n\u00eb strehimin, kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, taksat dhe t\u00eb ardhurat e Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore, ata vler\u00ebsuan se nj\u00eb grua e pamartuar, duke fituar rreth 40,000 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2010, mund t\u00eb paguante pothuajse 500,000 dollar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj sesa nj\u00eb grua e martuar. Nj\u00eb grua e pamartuar q\u00eb fiton 80,000 dollar\u00eb mund t\u00eb paguaj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 milion dollar\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhje jete shum\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse k\u00ebto shifra jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t’u besuar, nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb e t\u00eb ardhurave nga paga dhe paga e burrave dhe grave t\u00eb martuar kundrejt atyre t\u00eb pamartuar mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar nj\u00eb hendek tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

\"\"Christina Animashaun\/Vox<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

A fitojn\u00eb burrat e martuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb sepse jan\u00eb t\u00eb martuar? Apo njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb fitojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb martohen m\u00eb shpesh? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, por ia vlen t\u00eb analizohet se kush sakt\u00ebsisht do t\u00eb martohet dhe do t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb k\u00ebshtu. Si\u00e7 shkrova n\u00eb tetor<\/strong>, ekziston nj\u00eb koncept popullor, q\u00eb shkalla e divorcit n\u00eb fakt po zvog\u00eblohet (nga nj\u00eb nivel i lart\u00eb prej 22.6 p\u00ebrqind n\u00eb 1980 n\u00eb 14.9 p\u00ebrqind sot).<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa kjo statistik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb total, ajo fsheh tendencat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me nivelet e arsimit. (Midis faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb: Martesa e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit seks nuk ka qen\u00eb mjaft e ligjshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krahasuar drejtp\u00ebrdrejt tendencat m\u00eb t\u00eb gjera.) Nj\u00eb raport i Pew<\/strong> i vitit 2015 vler\u00ebsoi se grat\u00eb me diplom\u00eb bachelor kan\u00eb nj\u00eb shans 78 p\u00ebr qind, q\u00eb martesa e tyre t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb 20 vjet ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb; p\u00ebr grat\u00eb me disa universitete, numri bie n\u00eb 48 p\u00ebrqind dhe 40 p\u00ebrqind p\u00ebr grat\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar shkoll\u00ebn e mesme ose m\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa tendencat e divorcit jan\u00eb ulur p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit me nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb kolegji, ato u ul\u00ebn, u rrafshuan dhe m\u00eb pas filluan t\u00eb rriten p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb vitet 1990 p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit pa nj\u00eb diplom\u00eb. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb arsim t\u00eb keni, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ka gjasa q\u00eb t\u00eb fitoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb para; sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb para t\u00eb fitoni, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ka gjasa q\u00eb t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb rregulloni disa nga gropat, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb nj\u00eb martes\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2015, 25 p\u00ebrqind e t\u00eb rriturve me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta midis mosh\u00ebs 18 dhe 55 vje\u00e7 ishin t\u00eb martuar, krahasuar<\/strong> me 39 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe 56 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb familjeve q\u00eb kishin t\u00eb ardhura mbi mesataren.<\/p>\n

Dhe pastaj ka mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz q\u00eb do t\u00eb donin t\u00eb martoheshin, por nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb martuar, sepse t\u00eb ardhurat shtes\u00eb nga bashk\u00ebshorti do t\u00eb rezultonin n\u00eb heqjen e paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb, Programit t\u00eb Ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb Ushqyerjes Suplementare ose p\u00ebrfitimeve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb jet\u00ebn t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme. P\u00ebr ta, martesa mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb duke u stabilizuar financiarisht, por jo mjaftuesh\u00ebm stabilizuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb kompensuar humbjen e rrjeteve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb siguris\u00eb n\u00eb afat t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Martesa \u00ebsht\u00eb stabilizuese, pra, por kryesisht p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ose n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt saj. \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i riprodhimit klasor, duke p\u00ebrfituar ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar gjithmon\u00eb brenda hierarkis\u00eb klasore amerikane: burrat e bardh\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm financiarisht dhe grat\u00eb e martuara me ta.<\/p>\n

Situata aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i teoris\u00eb s\u00eb ekonomistit Jacob Hacker p\u00ebr “zhvillimin e politikave”, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn situatat q\u00eb ajo politik\u00eb u krijua p\u00ebr t’i sh\u00ebrbyer kan\u00eb ndryshuar ndjesh\u00ebm, por vet\u00eb politika nuk ka arritur t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatet, zgjerohet ose t’i p\u00ebrgjigjet atij realiteti t\u00eb ri. Alstott, studiuesi ligjor, e p\u00ebrshkruan k\u00ebt\u00eb hendek midis “fiksionit ligjor” dhe “realitetit shoq\u00ebror”: nj\u00eb hendek q\u00eb “minon aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e sistemit t\u00eb taksave dhe transfertave p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur ndonj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb objektivash, qoft\u00eb nxitja e liris\u00eb individuale, duke ndihmuar t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit, ose duke mb\u00ebshtetur familjen tradicionale.<\/em>\u201d E th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, modelet tona nuk e b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb synonin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin.<\/p>\n

\"\" Nj\u00eb grua e vetme ulet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb banes\u00ebn e saj, duke par\u00eb nga dritarja<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Refuzimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb sigurie p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb partner\u00eb, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se disa njer\u00ebz mund t\u00eb ndiejn\u00eb presion p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb partner\u00eb, edhe n\u00ebse kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb durojn\u00eb abuzimin psikologjik ose fizik. Do t\u00eb thot\u00eb gjithashtu se beqar\u00ebt merren me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat gj\u00ebra me t\u00eb cilat merret kushdo pa rrjet sigurie: ata shpesh q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija, marrin m\u00eb pak rreziqe sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebse, kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak gjasa t\u00eb ndjekin mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mund t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb njer\u00ebzit me nj\u00eb rrjet sigurie bashk\u00ebshortore. Ata thjesht nuk kan\u00eb stabilitetin q\u00eb e b\u00ebn jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb mundur, por edhe t\u00eb imagjinueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera. Duket qart\u00eb, n\u00ebse duam t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesim realisht “lirin\u00eb” ose t’i nxjerrim njer\u00ebzit nga varf\u00ebria, apo edhe t’ua b\u00ebjm\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb familje tradicionale (ose jotradicionale!), at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet t\u00eb rishqyrtojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si organizojm\u00eb politik\u00ebn tatimore dhe p\u00ebrfitimet e publikut.<\/p>\n

Disa beqar\u00eb p\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb beqar\u00eb; disa jan\u00eb mjaft ambivalent n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb; t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e p\u00ebr\u00e7mojn\u00eb at\u00eb. Asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto q\u00ebndrime nuk b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e leht\u00eb kur m\u00ebnyra juaj e jetes\u00ebs kuptohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptuar dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksplicite si nj\u00eb lloj prapambetje kulturore dhe financiare, q\u00eb duhet shmangur me \u00e7do kusht. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb se si ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb stabilitet financiar, duhet t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb ta kuptojm\u00eb jet\u00ebn beqare si di\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e mendueshme, jo thjesht e mbijetueshme, por n\u00eb fakt e d\u00ebshirueshme.<\/p>\n

Tani p\u00ebr tani, kjo ide \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese p\u00ebr institucionin e martes\u00ebs dhe, si rrjedhoj\u00eb, nj\u00eb shtyll\u00eb e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara si\u00e7 e njohim ne. Integriteti i asaj shtylle \u00ebsht\u00eb shembur prej vitesh, pasi martesa, edhe me p\u00ebrfitimet e shumta financiare dhe kulturore, nuk ka mbaruar s\u00eb provuari vler\u00ebn e saj. Sot, njer\u00ebzit duan opsione p\u00ebr partneritet q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb si partneritete aktuale. Ju mund ta kultivoni k\u00ebt\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb martese, sigurisht, por kjo, ndoshta p\u00ebr ironi, shpesh k\u00ebrkon m\u00eb shum\u00eb pun\u00eb sesa t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeni t\u00eb kuptoni rregullat tuaja jasht\u00eb nj\u00eb martese.<\/p>\n

Disa njer\u00ebz d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb di\u00e7ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb martesa. Ata pyesin veten: Si do t\u00eb dukej t\u00eb krijoheshin sisteme t\u00eb vogla kujdesi p\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrin q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb individi tjet\u00ebr? Po sikur t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kuptonim se si t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb se personi m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ton\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb dikush i lidhur me ne nga familja ose marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia seksuale? Si mund t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr strehimin, kujdesin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, kujdesin dhe pun\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra q\u00eb njohin dhe p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive njer\u00ebzit beqar\u00eb dhe q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u2013 jo si mendime t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme, por si t\u00eb tretin, n\u00ebse jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb<\/strong>, t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb<\/strong> q\u00eb jan\u00eb?<\/p>\n

Ka shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra q\u00eb beqar\u00ebt e bardh\u00eb sot mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb nga puna e kaluar dhe e tashme n\u00eb komunitetet e \u00e7uditshme<\/strong>, l\u00ebvizjen e fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb zez\u00eb<\/strong> dhe komunitetet e imigrant\u00ebve<\/strong> \u2013 ku an\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb krijuar prej koh\u00ebsh sisteme t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs reciproke<\/strong>, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u detyruan t\u00eb dilnin me k\u00ebto sisteme, sepse sistemet ekzistuese ligjore dhe fetare i p\u00ebrjashtonin nga pjes\u00ebmarrja. Ka gjithashtu shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar nga vendet e tjera ku popullatat beqare lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb. Danimarka, p\u00ebr shembull, ka ofruar tre cikle IVF p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 40 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb nga viti 2007, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb t\u00eb “solomor<\/em>” ose n\u00ebnat beqare me zgjedhje.<\/p>\n

Kjo politik\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhet me nj\u00eb rrjet sigurie, q\u00eb i b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta pjes\u00ebt e tjera t\u00eb jet\u00ebs si prind\u00ebr t\u00eb vet\u00ebm: pushim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb lehonis\u00eb, kujdes ditor t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb arritsh\u00ebm dhe kujdes sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor universal. M\u00eb shum\u00eb stabilitet do t\u00eb thot\u00eb m\u00eb pak probleme t\u00eb sjelljes dhe edukimit, q\u00eb lidhen me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb rriten n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi me nj\u00eb prind, shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb gjurmohet<\/strong> jo n\u00eb faktin se ata kishin vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb prind, por se financat e nj\u00ebrit prind ishin t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb divorci ose nj\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnie t\u00eb paplanifikuar. Dh\u00ebnia e beqar\u00ebve akses n\u00eb prind\u00ebr – dhe po aq e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, siguria e mb\u00ebshtetjes sapo t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb, p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00ebdo arsye – mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dramatike p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e prind\u00ebrimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Si do t\u00eb dukej t\u00eb krijohen sisteme t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb kujdesit p\u00ebr nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb individi tjet\u00ebr?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Danimarka nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb perfekte dhe un\u00eb jam gjithmon\u00eb e kujdesshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur politik\u00ebn skandinave, thjesht sepse ndryshimi i paradigm\u00ebs s\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t’i afruar Shtetet e Bashkuara m\u00eb af\u00ebr k\u00ebtij realiteti shpesh mund t\u00eb duket krejt\u00ebsisht i paarritsh\u00ebm. Por ende ia vlen t\u00eb mendohet se \u00e7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn Danimark\u00ebn m\u00eb pak armiq\u00ebsore ndaj beqar\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb komunitetit: 95 p\u00ebrqind e danez\u00ebve mendojn\u00eb se mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten te dikush n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb nevoje<\/strong>. Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/strong> p\u00ebr 91 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb amerikan\u00ebve. Pra, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet sigurie q\u00eb zgjerohet dhe tkurret leht\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u2013 jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr klas\u00ebn e mesme, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ata n\u00eb varf\u00ebri, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb mund dhe duan t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me koh\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb, jo vet\u00ebm njer\u00ebzit pa aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara ose konform gjinis\u00eb ose njer\u00ebzit e drejt\u00eb ose njer\u00ebz partner\u00eb, por t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit, thjesht sepse jan\u00eb njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n

“Martesa sot nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb gjendja kryesore dhe normale p\u00ebr amerikan\u00ebt e rritur,<\/em>” shpjegon<\/strong> Alstott n\u00eb nj\u00eb punim t\u00eb vitit 2013 p\u00ebr Yale Review. “Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb rruga e pritshme drejt pjekuris\u00eb ose faqja ekskluzive p\u00ebr seksin, romanc\u00ebn dhe rritjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve<\/em>.” N\u00eb termat e sociolog\u00ebve, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb “deinstitucionalizuar<\/em>“. Kur nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri nuk arrin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtat\u00eb politikat me institucionet e saj t\u00eb reja – m\u00ebnyrat e reja t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs – ajo vendos gishtat n\u00eb peshore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb favorizuar nj\u00eb klas\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar njer\u00ebzish. Mund t\u00eb themi se i vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb beqar\u00ebt dhe kontributin e tyre n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Mund t\u00eb b\u00ebrtasim se ata nuk jan\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb denj\u00eb p\u00ebr sukses dhe stabilitet. Derisa politika t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasqyruar at\u00eb realitet, ato ndjenja do t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta.<\/p>\n

Njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb ankohen p\u00ebr g\u00ebrryerjen e familjes tradicionale dhe r\u00ebnien e nivelit t\u00eb lindjeve, sepse kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit b\u00ebjn\u00eb, kur ndjejn\u00eb se bota po ndryshon dhe ata, personalisht, nuk jan\u00eb – ndoshta nga frika, por ndoshta, gjithashtu, jasht\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb imagjinat\u00ebs. Ne jemi tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb vend plot me njer\u00ebz, q\u00eb krijojn\u00eb institucione t\u00eb reja: t\u00eb partneritetit, t\u00eb kujdesit, t\u00eb prind\u00ebrimit. Imagjinoni se si do t\u00eb dukeshim, imagjinoni m\u00ebnyrat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb lul\u00ebzonim, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb vendosnim t’i mb\u00ebshtesim ato.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb ndani me The Goods<\/em> p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn tuaj si pjes\u00eb e klas\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt, d\u00ebrgoni email n\u00eb annehelenpetersen@vox.com<\/strong><\/a> ose plot\u00ebsoni k\u00ebt\u00eb formular<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Korrigjim, 3 dhjetor 2021, ora 11:00: Nj\u00eb version i m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm i k\u00ebsaj historie gaboi n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb Atlantikut t\u00eb vitit 2013 mbi kostot p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e pamartuara. Historia gjithashtu shtroi gabimisht dispozitat e Aktit t\u00eb Pushimit Familjar dhe Mjek\u00ebsor, i cili p\u00ebrfshin pushime t\u00eb papaguara p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrohen nga nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e r\u00ebnd\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ilustrimet nga Daniela Jordan-Villaveces Pse jeta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq armiq\u00ebsore ndaj beqar\u00ebve? Nga Anne Helen Petersen, 2 dhjetor 2021, Vox.com – P\u00ebrktheu Arben \u00c7okaj Mendoni p\u00ebr shpenzimet mujore t\u00eb familjes suaj. Jan\u00eb artikujt e biletave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha – qiraja ose hipoteka juaj, kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, ndoshta nj\u00eb kredi studentore. Pastaj ka gj\u00ebra m\u00eb t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74470,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj"],"yoast_head":"\nKostot n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/kostot-ne-rritje-per-beqaret-ne-amerike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kostot n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr beqar\u00ebt n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ilustrimet nga Daniela Jordan-Villaveces Pse jeta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq armiq\u00ebsore ndaj beqar\u00ebve? 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