{"id":7648,"date":"2016-10-17T23:03:26","date_gmt":"2016-10-17T22:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=7648"},"modified":"2021-05-06T09:17:22","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T07:17:22","slug":"cfare-eshte-nje-komb-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/cfare-eshte-nje-komb-i\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7FAR\u00cb \u00cbSHT\u00cb NJ\u00cb KOMB (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Shk\u00ebputur nga \u201cP\u00cbRPJEKJA\u201d Viti XI, nr. 20 Tiran\u00eb, pranver\u00eb 2005<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Nga Ernest Renan<\/strong><\/p>\n

E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ernest Renan<\/strong> (1823-1892<\/em>) ishte studiues q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste shkoll\u00ebs racionaliste dhe ishte lektor i historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb feve, i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr librin e tij \u201cJeta e Jezusit\u201d (1863). Renan ka qen\u00eb profesor i Sorbon\u00ebs dhe leksioni i tij \u201c\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komb\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shfaqje e p\u00ebrkufizimit voluntarist mbi kombin q\u00eb doli pas Revolucionit Francez. Argumentat e tij jan\u00eb nj\u00eb polemik\u00eb ndaj pik\u00ebpamjeve q\u00eb mbanin gjakun dhe territorin si nd\u00ebr element\u00ebt kombformues, pik\u00ebpamje k\u00ebto t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Gjermani.<\/p>\n

Qysh nga r\u00ebnia e Perandoris\u00eb Romake, ose m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb themi, qysh prej shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Karlit t\u00eb Madh, Evropa per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb jep p\u00ebrshtypjen sikur \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb kombe, disa prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve, n\u00eb periudha kohe t\u00eb caktuara, kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb hegjemonin\u00eb e tyre mbi t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt, pa arritur gjithsesi t\u00eb korrin suksese afatgjata. Ato q\u00eb nuk b\u00ebn\u00eb dot Karli V i Spanj\u00ebs, Luigji i XIV dhe Napoleoni I, me shum\u00eb gjasa nuk ka p\u00ebr t\u2019 i b\u00ebr\u00eb dot asnjeri n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Krijimi i nj\u00eb Perandorie t\u00eb re Romake, ose t\u00eb nj\u00eb Perandorie t\u00eb re t\u00eb tipit t\u00eb Karlit t\u00eb Madh, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb i pamundur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb sundim universal mbi nj\u00eb Evrop\u00eb tejet t\u00eb p\u00ebrndar\u00eb do t\u00eb shkaktonte me siguri krijimin e nj\u00eb koalicioni q\u00eb do ta rizbythte n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e tij t\u00eb natyrsh\u00ebm kombin guximtar. Nd\u00ebrkaq ka kaluar koh\u00eb q\u00eb kur \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb far\u00eb ekuilibri. Megjith\u00eb rreziqet q\u00eb i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb, Franca, Anglia, Gjermania dhe Rusia do t\u00eb jen\u00eb ende aty ku jan\u00eb edhe n\u00eb shekujt q\u00eb do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb, si subjekte historike dhe si gur\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb dami, ku kuadratet ndryshojn\u00eb vazhdimisht n\u00eb madh\u00ebsi dhe n\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi, por q\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk shuhen plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Par\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb priz\u00ebm, kombet jan\u00eb di\u00e7ka shum\u00eb e re n\u00eb histori.
\nAto ishin t\u00eb panjohura n\u00eb antikitet; as Egjypti, as Kina dhe as Kaldea nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin n\u00eb asnj\u00eb kuptim kombe. Ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebheshin nga turma njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb drejtuara nga nj\u00eb bir i Diellit ose i Qiellit:<\/p>\n

po aq sa nuk ishin qytetar\u00eb egjyptian\u00ebt, po aq nuk ishin edhe kinez\u00ebt. Antikiteti klasik kishte republika dhe qytete- shtete, konfederata republikash lokale dhe perandori, por n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ato nuk ishin kombe t\u00eb kuptimin q\u00eb i japim ne sot k\u00ebsaj fjale.<\/p>\n

Athina, Sparta, Sidoni, Tiri ishin qendra t\u00eb vogla, ku g\u00eblonte nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e admirueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur territorin; por k\u00ebto qytete shtriheshin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira shum\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiheshin n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Romake, gal\u00ebt, spanjoll\u00ebt dhe italian\u00ebt ishin p\u00ebrmbledhje fisesh, shpesh her\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuar mes tyre, por pa pasur institucione qendrore dhe dinasti. Edhe Perandoria Asiriane, ajo Perse dhe Perandoria e Aleksandrit t\u00eb Madh nuk formonin kombe. Nuk ka pasur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb patriot\u00eb asirian\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Perandoria Perse ishte nj\u00eb sistem feudal me shtrirje t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. Asnj\u00eb komb nuk e lidh origjin\u00ebn e tij me aventur\u00ebn kolosale t\u00eb Aleksandrit t\u00eb Madh, e cila ka sjell\u00eb shum\u00eb pasoja p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb u b\u00eb me popujt gjermanik\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs q\u00eb shkon nga pushtimet e tyre t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb shekullit V e deri n\u00eb pushtimet e fundit normande t\u00eb shekullit X? Ata nuk soll\u00ebn ndonj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb madh n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e racave, por ata vendos\u00ebn dinastit\u00eb dhe aristokracit\u00eb e tyre ushtarake n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb q\u00eb mbulonte perandorin\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb per\u00ebndimit, q\u00eb pastaj mori emrin e pushtuesve t\u00eb saj. Nga ajo koh\u00eb e kan\u00eb zanafill\u00ebn Franca, Burgundia dhe Lombardia; dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb edhe Normandia.<\/p>\n

Forcimi i shpejt\u00eb i Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Frank\u00ebve rikrijon p\u00ebrs\u00ebri unitetin e Per\u00ebndimit; por kjo perandori do t\u00eb rr\u00ebzohet rreth mesit t\u00eb shekullit IX; traktati i Verdunit (843) p\u00ebrcaktonte ato ndarje q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb kan\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb pandryshueshme, dhe k\u00ebtej e tutje do t\u00eb kemi Franc\u00ebn, Gjermanin\u00eb, Anglin\u00eb, Italin\u00eb dhe Spanj\u00ebn, q\u00eb megjithat\u00eb, pas uljesh e ngritjesh dhe pas shum\u00eb peripecive, do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb ecin drejt ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb plot\u00eb si kombe ashtu si\u00e7 i shohim t\u00eb lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo gj\u00eb q\u00eb v\u00ebrtet i karakterizon k\u00ebto vende t\u00eb ndryshme? \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzierja e popullsive t\u00eb tyre. N\u00eb vendet e lartp\u00ebrmendura, nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb ne gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb Turqi, ku turku, sllavi, greku, armeni, arabi, siriani dhe kurdi jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb dalluesh\u00ebm sot sa \u00e7\u2019 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e pushtimit. Dy rrethana t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00e7uan n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rezultat.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, fakti se popujt gjermanik\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuan krisht\u00ebrimin sapo ata u vun\u00eb n\u00eb kontakt me popujt latin\u00eb dhe grek\u00eb. Sistemi turk, q\u00eb i ndan njer\u00ebzit sipas p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre fetare, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm nga ai i popujve gjermanik\u00eb, ku pushtuesi dhe t\u00eb pushtuarit kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn fe, ose m\u00eb mire t\u00eb themi, kur pushtuesi p\u00ebrqafon fen\u00eb e t\u00eb pushtuarit.<\/p>\n

Rrethana e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb harruarit nga ana e pushtuesit e gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Nip\u00ebrit e Klovis-it, Alarikus-it, Gondebaud-it, Albinus-it dhe Rollon-it kishin m\u00ebsuar tashm\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn romake. Ky fakt n\u00eb vetvete ka qen\u00eb rrjedhoj\u00eb e nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr faktori t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb frank\u00ebt, burgund\u00ebt, got\u00ebt, lombard\u00ebt dhe normand\u00ebt kishin pak gra t\u00eb rac\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre me vete. P\u00ebr gjenerata t\u00eb t\u00ebra, krer\u00ebt martoheshin me gra gjermane, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb konkubinat dhe m\u00ebndeshat e tyre ishin latine.<\/p>\n

Gjith\u00eb tribuja u martua me gra latine, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte se, pasi frank\u00ebt dhe got\u00ebt u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb territore romane, lingua franca dhe lingua gothica e kishin fatin t\u00eb shenjuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos jetuar m\u00eb. Nuk ndodhi e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb n\u00eb Angli, meq\u00ebn\u00ebse pushtuesit anglo-sakson\u00eb soll\u00ebn me vete grat\u00eb e tyre; popullsia bretone u detyra ta ler\u00eb vendin dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj gjuha latine nuk ishte m\u00eb gjuh\u00eb mbizot\u00ebruese n\u00eb Britani. Harresa, madje do t\u00eb thosha pik\u00ebrisht harresa e gabimeve historike, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb krijimin e kombit dhe n\u00eb fakt sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb reja historike dalin n\u00eb drit\u00eb, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese duken ato p\u00ebr kombet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt k\u00ebrkimet historike nxjerrin n\u00eb pah aktet e dhun\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb zanafill\u00ebn e \u00e7do formacioni politik, edhe t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb dhuna u ka sjell\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme. Uniteti \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar gjithmon\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet brutalitetit; bashkimi i Franc\u00ebs veriore me at\u00eb jugore ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat i shfarosjeve dhe terrorit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm, q\u00eb kan\u00eb zgjatur thuajse nj\u00eb shekull. Mbreti i Franc\u00ebs, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb lejohej ta them, ka q\u00ebn\u00eb tipi ideal i unifikuesit shekullar, i cili krijoi komb\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ngjizur q\u00eb ka ekzistuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, e par\u00eb m\u00eb imt\u00ebsisht, mbreti i Franc\u00ebs e humbi prestigjin e tij; kombi q\u00eb ai formoi e mallkoi at\u00eb dhe sot vet\u00ebm njer\u00ebzit e lexuar e din\u00eb se cila ishte vlera e tij dhe se \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebri n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

Historia e vendeve t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore u zhvillua sipas ligjeve q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebr baz\u00eb dallimet midis popujve. Shum\u00eb vende d\u00ebshtuan n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb arriti t\u00eb b\u00ebnte kaq mir\u00eb mbreti i Franc\u00ebs, pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tiranis\u00eb dhe pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebn t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn kuror\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Stefanit, hungarez\u00ebt dhe sllav\u00ebt kan\u00eb q\u00ebndruar t\u00eb ndar\u00eb p\u00ebr 800 vjet me radh\u00eb. Duke mos u munduar t\u2019 i bashkonte element\u00ebt e ndrysh\u00ebm n\u00ebn sundimin e saj, dinastia habsburgase i ka mbajtur popujt e saj t\u00eb ve\u00e7uar dhe shpeshher\u00eb n\u00eb kontradikta me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. N\u00eb Bohemi, elementi gjerman dhe ai \u00e7ek jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin sa \u00e7\u2019 mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb vaji me ujin n\u00eb nj\u00eb got\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Politika turke e ndarjes s\u00eb komb\u00ebsive n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me fen\u00eb ka pasur nj\u00eb rrjedhoj\u00eb shum\u00eb serioze: ajo ka shkaktuar rr\u00ebnimin e Orientit. Marrim p\u00ebr shembull qytetin e Selanikut ose t\u00eb Izmirit, dhe do t\u00eb gjeni atje 5 ose 6 komunitete secila me traditat e saj dhe me asgj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt midis tyre. Prandaj thelbi i nj\u00eb kombi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb individ\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, por ata duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb harruar edhe shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera. Asnj\u00eb qytetar francez nuk e di se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb burgundian, alani, taifali apo vizigot; \u00e7do qytetar francez duhet ta ket\u00eb t\u00eb fshir\u00eb nga kujtesa Dit\u00ebn e Sh\u00ebn Bartolomeut, masakr\u00ebn q\u00eb u krye n\u00eb shekullin XIII n\u00eb jug t\u00eb vendit. Nuk mund t\u00eb arrish t\u00eb gjesh dot as edhe dhjet\u00eb familje sot n\u00eb Franc\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb japin prova t\u00eb origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre franke, dhe kjo prov\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte patjet\u00ebr e paplot\u00eb, si pasoj\u00eb e mij\u00ebra rasteve t\u00eb panjohura t\u00eb kryq\u00ebzimit midis njer\u00ebzve gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u2019 i trondiste tezat e gjenealog\u00ebve. Kombi modern \u00ebsht\u00eb pra nj\u00eb rezultat historik i arrir\u00eb n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb vargu dukurish q\u00eb konvergjojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin drejtim.<\/p>\n

Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb ka ndodhur q\u00eb uniteti ka ardhur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb veprimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb dinastie, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb rasti i Franc\u00ebs; ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vullnetit t\u00eb drejp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb krahinave, si\u00e7 ka q\u00ebn\u00eb rasti i Holland\u00ebs, Zvicr\u00ebs dhe Belgjik\u00ebs; ka pasur raste edhe kur ka ekzistuar nj\u00eb synim i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb me koh\u00eb ka mposhtur tekat feudale, si\u00e7 kemi rastin e Italis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb. K\u00ebto formacione kan\u00eb n\u00eb themelet e tyre nj\u00eb raison d \u00eatre shum\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb. Parimet e bashkimit dalin n\u00eb pah n\u00eb form\u00ebn e surprizave t\u00eb paparashikushme. N\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, kemi par\u00eb nj\u00eb Itali q\u00eb t\u00eb bashkohet si pasoj\u00eb e disfatave t\u00eb saj dhe nj\u00eb Turqi q\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet si pasoj\u00eb e fitoreve t\u00eb saj. \u00c7do disfat\u00eb i \u00e7onte problemet italiane p\u00ebrpara, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do fitore e fundoste Turqin\u00eb; kjo sepse Italia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komb, dhe Turqia, n\u00eb territoret e saj jasht\u00eb Azis\u00eb s\u00eb Vog\u00ebl, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e till\u00eb. Esht\u00eb n\u00eb lavdin\u00eb e Franc\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb proklamuar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Revolucionit Francez se nj\u00eb komb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb Sovran.<\/p>\n

Nuk duhet t\u00eb na vij\u00eb keq q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt po na imitojn\u00eb. Parimi i komb\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb yni. At\u00ebhere \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komb? P\u00ebrse Holanda \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komb, nd\u00ebrsa Hanoveri ose Dukata e Madhe e Parm\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb? Si ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb Franca vazhdon t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb si komb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb parimi q\u00eb ajo krijoi \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur? Si ndodh q\u00eb Zvicra, e cila ka tre gjuh\u00eb, dy fe dhe tre ose kat\u00ebr raca, t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb komb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb Toskana, p\u00ebr shembull, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq homogjene nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e till\u00eb? P\u00ebrse Austria \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm shtet dhe jo komb?<\/p>\n

Nga \u00e7far\u00eb ndryshon parimi i komb\u00ebsis\u00eb nga ai i rac\u00ebs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse do t\u2019 i vinim veshin disa teoricien\u00ebve politik\u00eb, nj\u00eb komb \u00ebsht\u00eb paras\u00ebgjithash nj\u00eb dinasti, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb pushtim t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb fillesat e tij u pranua dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb u harrua nga masa e njer\u00ebzve. Sipas teoricien\u00ebve politik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt flas, bashkimi i provincave q\u00eb kryhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet dinastis\u00eb, me an\u00ebn e luftrave, martesave dhe traktateve t\u00eb saj, mbaron me dinastin\u00eb q\u00eb e kryen at\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb se shumica e kombeve moderne jan\u00eb krijuar nga familje me prejardhje feudale q\u00eb zot\u00ebronin toka dhe n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb b\u00ebrthama e centralizimit.<\/p>\n

Kufijt\u00eb e Franc\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1789 nuk ishin as natyral\u00eb dhe as ata t\u00eb nevojshmit. Hap\u00ebsira e gjer\u00eb q\u00eb iu shtua nga dinastia e Kapet\u00ebve rripit t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb q\u00eb la traktati i Verdunit ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb blerje personale q\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kjo dinasti. N\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb aneksimesh t\u00eb shumta, nuk kishte as kufij natyror\u00eb dhe as nuk ekzistonte ndonj\u00eb ide e tyre; nuk kishte as t\u00eb drejta kombesh dhe as vullnete provincash.<\/p>\n

Bashkimi i Anglis\u00eb, Skocis\u00eb dhe Irland\u00ebs ishte po ashtu nj\u00eb akt dinastik. Italia u vonua n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e saj drejt shnd\u00ebrrimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb komb, sepse, midis asaj morie sht\u00ebpish sunduese, asnj\u00ebra prej tyre nuk u b\u00eb q\u00ebndra e bashkimit. Gj\u00ebja e \u00e7uditshme ishte se titulli mbret\u00ebror erdhi pik\u00ebrisht nga ishulli i humbur i Sardenj\u00ebs q\u00eb ishte thjesht nj\u00eb tok\u00eb italiane. Holanda, q\u00eb u krijua n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb akti heroik ndarjeje, megjithat\u00eb ka n\u00ebnshkruar nj\u00eb akt lidhje me Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Oranzh\u00ebve dhe do t\u00eb ket\u00eb rreziqe serioze n\u00ebse nj\u00eb dit\u00eb ky bashkim do t\u00eb komprometohej.<\/p>\n

Por, a \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq absolute kjo ligjshm\u00ebri? Pa dyshim q\u00eb jo. Zvicra dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara, t\u00eb cilat u formuan nga konglomerate prurjesh t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme, nuk kan\u00eb baza dinastike. Nuk do t\u00eb ndalem k\u00ebtu te rasti i Franc\u00ebs. P\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb na duhej t\u00eb hynim n\u00eb sekretet e s\u00eb ardhmes. Le t\u00eb themi se n\u00ebse mbret\u00ebria franceze do t\u00eb ishte v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e lidhur ngusht\u00eb me kombin, at\u00ebhere si shpjegohet q\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb saj kombi ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb vazhdonte edhe pa t\u00eb? Shekullit XVIII ndryshoi \u00e7do gj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pas shekujsh degradimi, njeriu u kthye p\u00ebrs\u00ebri te shpirti i antikitetit, te respektimi i vetvetes dhe te ideja e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb tij. Fjal\u00ebt atdhe dhe qytetar rifituan kuptimin e tyre. Kishte ndodhur k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb nga veprimet m\u00eb guximtare n\u00eb histori, nj\u00eb veprim q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb krahasohej, n\u00eb terma fiziologjike, me p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr t\u2019 i dh\u00ebn\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb trupi, t\u00eb cilit i qe hequr m\u00eb par\u00eb truri dhe zemra.<\/p>\n

Prandaj duhet theksuar se nj\u00eb komb mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb edhe pa parimin e dinastis\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb edhe ato kombe q\u00eb jan\u00eb formuar nga dinastit\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndahen nga k\u00ebto dinasti dhe t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb edhe pa to. Parimi i vjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb bazohet vet\u00ebm mbi parimet e princave, nuk mund t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb m\u00eb; p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb drejtave dinastike jan\u00eb edhe t\u00eb drejtat komb\u00ebtare. Mbi \u00e7far\u00eb kriteri bazohet kjo e drejt\u00eb komb\u00ebtare? Ngase mund t\u00eb dallohet? Prej \u00e7\u2019fakti konkret rrjedh?<\/p>\n

I. Nga raca, mund t\u00eb thon\u00eb disa. Ndarjet artificiale q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga periudha e feudalizmit, martesat princ\u00ebrore dhe kongreset diplomatike jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebruara. Ajo q\u00eb mbetet e vendosur dhe p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb raca e popullsis\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, nj\u00eb legjitimitet. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse ndjek k\u00ebt\u00eb teori q\u00eb po shtjelloj, i bie q\u00eb familja gjermanike t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn t\u00eb rimbledh\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb t\u00eb gjermanizmit, edhe n\u00eb rast se k\u00ebta an\u00ebtar\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos duan t\u00eb ribashkohen. E drejta e gjermanizmit mbi nj\u00eb province na del m\u00eb e forte edhe se t\u00eb drejtat e vet\u00eb banor\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj province.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ne krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj t\u00eb drejte primordiale (parake) t\u00eb ngjashme me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn hyjnore t\u00eb mbret\u00ebrve; nj\u00eb parim etnik q\u00eb z\u00ebv\u00ebnd\u00ebson at\u00eb t\u00eb kombit. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim shum\u00eb i madh, i cili n\u00ebse do t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroj\u00eb do ta shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin europian. Parimi i kombit \u00ebsht\u00eb aq i drejt\u00eb sa \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngusht\u00eb parimi i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs primordiale t\u00eb rac\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbarsur me rreziqe p\u00ebr progresin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Vler\u00ebsimet etnografike nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb fare me formimin e kombeve moderne. Franca \u00ebsht\u00eb kelte, iberike dhe gjermanike.<\/p>\n

Gjermania \u00ebsht\u00eb gjermanike, kelte dhe sllave. Italia \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi q\u00eb i hap m\u00eb tep\u00ebr telashe etnografis\u00eb: gal\u00ebt, etrusk\u00ebt, pellazg\u00ebt, grek\u00ebt, pa p\u00ebrmendur k\u00ebtu shum\u00eb element\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurur aty, duke formuar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb padeshifrueshme. Ishujt britanik\u00eb, t\u00eb marr\u00eb s\u00ebbashku, paraqesin nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje gjaku kelt dhe gjerman, p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebtimet e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen.<\/p>\n

E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk ka raca t\u00eb past\u00ebrta dhe t\u00eb bazuarit e politik\u00ebs mbi analiza etnografike \u00ebsht\u00eb si t\u00eb b\u00ebsh nj\u00eb kala mbi r\u00ebr\u00eb. Vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuara, si Franca, Anglia, Italia, jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb e kan\u00eb gjakun m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier. A \u00ebsht\u00eb Gjermania ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim? A \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo nj\u00eb vend gjermanik i past\u00ebr? \u00c7far\u00eb iluzioni. I gjith\u00eb jugu ishte i gal\u00ebve. Lindja pas lumit Elba ishte plot\u00ebsisht sllave. A mos jan\u00eb vall\u00eb ato toka q\u00eb ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb past\u00ebrta, t\u00eb past\u00ebrta v\u00ebrtet? K\u00ebtu mb\u00ebrrijm\u00eb te nj\u00eb nga problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb sqarohen idet\u00eb dhe t\u00eb parandalohen keqkuptimet.<\/p>\n

Diskutimet mbi rac\u00ebn jan\u00eb t\u00eb pafundme, sepse historian\u00ebt filolog\u00eb dhe antropolog\u00ebt e psikologjis\u00eb i kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebtij termi kuptime shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebr antropolog\u00ebt, n\u00eb fillim vjen origjina e njer\u00ebzimit nga kafsh\u00ebt dhe pastaj mund t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e kultur\u00ebs, qytet\u00ebrimit dhe gjuh\u00ebve. Popullsit\u00eb primitive ariane, semite dhe turaniane nuk ishin t\u00eb t\u00ebra t\u00eb ngjashme nga pik\u00ebpamja fiziologjike.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto grupe jan\u00eb ngjarje historike q\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb er\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, le t\u00eb themi pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb ose nj\u00ebzetmij\u00eb vjet p\u00ebrpara, nd\u00ebrsa origjina e njeriut nga kafsh\u00ebt zhduket pik\u00ebpamja filologjike dhe historike, e quajm\u00eb si raca gjermanike \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurisht nj\u00eb familje m\u00eb vete e species njer\u00ebzore. A mund t\u00eb flasim vall\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb familje m\u00eb vete n\u00eb kuptimin antropologjik t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs? N\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dalja e gjermanik\u00ebve si individualitet n\u00eb histori u b\u00eb vet\u00ebm pak shekuj para Jezu Krishtit. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb flitej p\u00ebr gjerman\u00eb. Para se t\u00eb vijm\u00eb te kjo pike, t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier si\u00e7 ishin ata me sllav\u00ebt n\u00eb mas\u00ebn e padallueshme t\u00eb skith\u00ebve, ata nuk kishin ende nj\u00eb individualitet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Anglezi i sot\u00ebm sigurisht q\u00eb dallohet si tip m\u00eb vete n\u00eb komunitetin njer\u00ebzor. Ajo q\u00eb ne quajm\u00eb sot pa t\u00eb drejt\u00eb si raca anglo-saksone, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as bretoni i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00c7ezarit, as anglo-saksoni i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Hengist-it, as danezi i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Knutit dhe as normandi i Uilliam Pushtuesit, por n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre.<\/p>\n

Francezi i sot\u00ebm nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as gal, as frank dhe as burgund. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo \u00e7far\u00eb doli nga gjith\u00eb ajo p\u00ebrzierje q\u00eb ndodhi gjat\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb mbretit t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs, kur element\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm u shkartis\u00ebn mes veti. Origjina e nj\u00eb banori t\u00eb Jersey ose Guernsey nuk ndryshon n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nga ajo e popullsis\u00eb normande an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb detit. N\u00eb shekullin XI, edhe syri m\u00eb i st\u00ebrvitur nuk do t\u00eb kishte dalluar dot edhe ndryshimin m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl midis banor\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebve t\u00eb Kanalit (t\u00eb La Manshit-sh\u00ebn p\u00ebrkth.).<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm disa rrethana t\u00eb rastit nuk b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb Filip-Augusti t\u00eb mos i merrte k\u00ebta ishuj bashk\u00eb me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Normandis\u00eb. T\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 700 vjet, k\u00ebto dy popullsi jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb huaja p\u00ebr nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, por as nuk ngjasojn\u00eb m\u00eb mes tyre. Raca, ashtu si\u00e7 e kuptojm\u00eb ne historian\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb term, \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb b\u00ebhet dhe zhb\u00ebhet. Studimi i racave \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr at\u00eb studjues q\u00eb merret me historin\u00eb e njer\u00ebzimit. Ajo nuk mund t\u00eb zbatohet n\u00eb politik\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrgjegjja instiktive q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoi hart\u00ebn e Europ\u00ebs nuk mori parasysh racat, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb kombet e para europiane jan\u00eb kombe me gjak t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Shk\u00ebputur nga \u201cP\u00cbRPJEKJA\u201d Viti XI, nr. 20 Tiran\u00eb, pranver\u00eb 2005) Nga Ernest Renan E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Ernest Renan (1823-1892) ishte studiues q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste shkoll\u00ebs racionaliste dhe ishte lektor i historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb feve, i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr librin e tij \u201cJeta e Jezusit\u201d (1863). Renan ka qen\u00eb profesor i Sorbon\u00ebs dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7FAR\u00cb \u00cbSHT\u00cb NJ\u00cb KOMB (I) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/cfare-eshte-nje-komb-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7FAR\u00cb \u00cbSHT\u00cb NJ\u00cb KOMB (I) - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Shk\u00ebputur nga \u201cP\u00cbRPJEKJA\u201d Viti XI, nr. 20 Tiran\u00eb, pranver\u00eb 2005) Nga Ernest Renan E p\u00ebrgatiti Prof. Zymer Mehani Ernest Renan (1823-1892) ishte studiues q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste shkoll\u00ebs racionaliste dhe ishte lektor i historis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb feve, i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr librin e tij \u201cJeta e Jezusit\u201d (1863). 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