{"id":7728,"date":"2016-10-20T22:14:06","date_gmt":"2016-10-20T21:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=7728"},"modified":"2021-05-13T01:05:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-12T23:05:54","slug":"zhvillimi-i-gjuhesise-se-tekstit-ne-hapesiren-shqipfolese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/zhvillimi-i-gjuhesise-se-tekstit-ne-hapesiren-shqipfolese\/","title":{"rendered":"ZHVILLIMI I GJUH\u00cbSIS\u00cb S\u00cb TEKSTIT N\u00cb HAP\u00cbSIR\u00cbN SHQIPFOL\u00cbSE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shkruan prof. Zymer Mehani<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn shqipfol\u00ebse, studimet n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tekstit kan\u00eb filluar n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201990. Botimet e para n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb shqiptare, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb ashtu sikurse dhe pritet, n\u00eb kuadrin e paraqitje s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj disipline p\u00ebrpara studiuesve shqiptar\u00eb. “E futur rishtazi n\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn e studimeve universitare, dhe botimi i par\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb mund t\u00eb konsiderohet<\/p>\n

“Gjuh\u00ebsi teksti”, botim i vitit 1999, me dy bashkautor\u00eb: Klodeta Dibra dhe Nonda Varfi. Vet\u00eb specifika e k\u00ebtij botimi, i konceptuar nga autor\u00ebt “n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me programin e k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebnde n\u00eb universitet” p\u00ebr t\u2019u sh\u00ebrbyer “student\u00ebve dhe specialist\u00ebve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs” ka p\u00ebrcaktuar dhe struktur\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij teksti, si nj\u00eb tekst hyr\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb disiplin\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore.”<\/p>\n

44 Autor\u00ebt kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje kronologjike t\u00eb kuadrit historik t\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb konceptit \u2018tekst\u2019, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin, nd\u00ebr qasjet e ndryshme dhe p\u00ebrkufizimet e ndryshme t\u00eb konceptit tekst,ata jan\u00eb ndikuar kryesisht nga autor\u00ebt francez\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb trajtimin e kategorive t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb lidhje me tekstin, nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb autor\u00ebt i kan\u00eb kushtuar qasjes procedurale t\u00eb De Beaugrande\/Dressler-it dhe progresionit tematik. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr i bazuar kryesisht n\u00eb trajtimin e dukurive gjuh\u00ebsore brenda tekstit, n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, autor\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb japin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsit e tyre n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, pa hyr\u00eb n\u00eb analiza m\u00eb t\u00eb thella, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse dhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe k\u00ebto elemente kan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat funksione, si n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt e tjera. Ndarja tipologjike e teksteve dhe karakteristikat e tyre, e bazuar n\u00eb shembuj t\u00eb shqipes, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e k\u00ebtij teksti universitar.<\/p>\n

“Nj\u00eb botim i dyt\u00eb, i vitit 2004, \u00ebsht\u00eb teksti i botuar n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb, nga studiuesi Hasan Mujaj, me titull “Gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit”, nj\u00eb tekst ky i ndikuar kryesisht nga autor\u00ebt gjerman\u00eb, dhe i fokusuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit me disiplinat jasht\u00ebgjuh\u00ebsore, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb konsideruar m\u00eb se t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb funksionin e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs.”<\/p>\n

N\u00ebn ndikimin e autor\u00ebve gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit, vjen n\u00eb vitin 2005 dhe botimi i Arb\u00ebr \u00c7elikut “Koherenca tekstore-hyrje n\u00eb konceptet baz\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb qasjeje krahasuese t\u00eb shqipes me gjermanishten”.<\/p>\n

Ky lib\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar “nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sepse jep nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb vlefshme, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr student\u00ebt, por edhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kategori m\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar lexuesish si: asistent\u00eb e pedagog\u00eb, si dhe specialist\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe e t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja ”<\/p>\n

46. Ashtu si dhe n\u00eb tekstet e m\u00ebparshme, autori ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb drejtimeve dhe qasjeve kryesore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit, koncepteve baz\u00eb t\u00eb koherenc\u00ebs dhe kohezionit, si dhe ka b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb plan krahasues mjetet e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb tekstit n\u00eb shqip dhe n\u00eb gjermanisht. Si nj\u00eb risi e k\u00ebtij teksti \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb shtojc\u00eb me nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb lidh\u00ebzor\u00ebve t\u00eb tekstit n\u00eb qasje krahasimtare shqip-gjermanisht, sigurisht pa i analizuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

“Botimi i vitit 2011, “Gjuh\u00ebsi teksti”, i Tef\u00eb Topallit, q\u00eb sikurse e konsideron vet\u00eb autori mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si “libri i kat\u00ebrt n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn ton\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore q\u00eb b\u00ebn objekt studimi tekstin, si kategori ligj\u00ebrimore” \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar kryesisht n\u00eb aktin e komunikimit, n\u00eb tekstet gjuh\u00ebsore dhe n\u00eb tipologjit\u00eb e teksteve, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb tekstit narrativ dhe atij poetik.”<\/p>\n

Studime t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tekstit jan\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb nivelin p\u00ebrqas\u00ebs-krahasues, t\u00eb mjeteve q\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb tekstin n\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera dhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe, ku elementet e shqipes jan\u00eb par\u00eb kryesisht si format gjegj\u00eb se, pa qen\u00eb ato objekti kryesor i studimit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundime mbi zhvillimin e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit Gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb disiplin\u00eb relativisht e re e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, e zhvilluar s\u00eb pari n\u00eb vitet \u201960 t\u00eb shekullit XX.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb thuhet se ajo zuri pozicionin e saj n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsi, si nj\u00eb fush\u00eb studimi e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb vitet \u201970. Si pararend\u00ebse t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit konsiderohen retorika dhe stilistika, t\u00eb dyja disiplina q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur ndikimin e tyre n\u00eb lindjen dhe zhvillimin e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit.<\/p>\n

“N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb ka pasur drejtime q\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb me nivelin e tekstit, si glosemantika e Hjelmslev-it dhe Tagmemika e Kenneth Pike-ut.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb zhvillimin e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit dallohen tri faza t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme:<\/p>\n

1) qasja transfrastike, e cila u p\u00ebrqendrua n\u00eb mjetet gjuh\u00ebsore, me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilave fjalit\u00eb krijonin rrjedh\u00eb koherente. Hierarkia e nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb sistemit gjuh\u00ebsor (fonema, morfema\/fjala, fjalia) u zgjerua me nj\u00ebsin\u00eb tekst. Synimi i studimeve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonin kushtet dhe rregullat p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e tekstit.<\/p>\n

2) qasja komunikative-pragmatike, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn teksti nuk u pa m\u00eb si nj\u00eb renditje fjalish t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga nj\u00ebsi gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb vogla, por si nj\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi q\u00eb luan nj\u00eb funksion t\u00eb caktuar komunikativ. N\u00ebn ndikimin e drejtimit pragmatik, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve \u201970, gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit u largua nga p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimin e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb teksteve, dhe u p\u00ebrpoq ta shihte tekstin n\u00eb procesin dhe situat\u00ebn komunikuese.<\/p>\n

Analiza e funksioneve komunikuese u realizua brenda teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Aktit t\u00eb t\u00eb Folurit t\u00eb Austin-it dhe Searle-it, ku teksti nuk u pa m\u00eb si fjali t\u00eb lidhura nga ana gramatikore, por si veprim gjuh\u00ebsor, me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit fol\u00ebsit ose shkruesi p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie komunikuese me d\u00ebgjuesin ose lexuesin. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit e orientuar nga komunikimi u mor me q\u00ebllimet t\u00eb cilave u sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb tekstet n\u00eb komunikim, duke analizuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, funksionin komunikues t\u00eb teksteve.<\/p>\n

3) qasja kognitive-studimet n\u00eb shkencat kognitive, ndikuan dhe n\u00eb studimet p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tekstit, t\u00eb cilat filluan t\u00eb fokusoheshin n\u00eb proceset kognitive t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb njohurive, t\u00eb prodhimit dhe t\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb tekstit. Ky orientim i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit u konsiderua si “ndryshimi kognitiv”<\/p>\n

Gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb si nj\u00eb n\u00ebndisiplin\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore brenda gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, dhe nga tjet\u00ebr si nj\u00eb qasje m\u00eb e gjer\u00eb, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb trajtoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha problemet e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me tekstin.<\/p>\n

Gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar si nj\u00eb fush\u00eb studimi nd\u00ebrdisiplinore, ku jan\u00eb integruar rezultatet e studimeve n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb tjera si ato t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb veprimit apo t\u00eb shkencave kognitive, p\u00ebr ta studiuar tekstin jo thjesht si produkt, por dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar procesit e prodhimit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb tij. Po ashtu, studimet e b\u00ebra n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tekstit jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb disiplina t\u00eb tjera si n\u00eb didaktik\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnien e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb huaja, n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e teksteve mediatike etj.<\/p>\n

Ashtu sikurse, u theksua m\u00eb lart, gjuh\u00ebsia e tekstit merret me aspektet e ndryshme t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit strukturor dhe funksional t\u00eb tekstit, me klasifikimin e teksteve, etj, por p\u00ebr k\u00ebto kategori t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit, autor\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushe kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizime specifike, shpesh t\u00eb ndryshme nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri.<\/p>\n

Madje dhe p\u00ebr objektin baz\u00eb t\u00eb studimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tekstit, vet\u00eb tekstin, ka nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizimesh dhe qasjesh, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb trajtohen m\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan prof. Zymer Mehani N\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn shqipfol\u00ebse, studimet n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tekstit kan\u00eb filluar n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve \u201990. Botimet e para n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb shqiptare, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb ashtu sikurse dhe pritet, n\u00eb kuadrin e paraqitje s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj disipline p\u00ebrpara studiuesve shqiptar\u00eb. “E futur rishtazi n\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn e studimeve universitare, dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-histori"],"yoast_head":"\nZHVILLIMI I GJUH\u00cbSIS\u00cb S\u00cb TEKSTIT N\u00cb HAP\u00cbSIR\u00cbN SHQIPFOL\u00cbSE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/zhvillimi-i-gjuhesise-se-tekstit-ne-hapesiren-shqipfolese\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ZHVILLIMI I GJUH\u00cbSIS\u00cb S\u00cb TEKSTIT N\u00cb HAP\u00cbSIR\u00cbN SHQIPFOL\u00cbSE - FJALA e LIR\u00cb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shkruan prof. 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