{"id":8568,"date":"2016-11-19T23:23:51","date_gmt":"2016-11-19T22:23:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fjala.info\/?p=8568"},"modified":"2021-05-25T04:17:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-25T02:17:00","slug":"gjithcka-qe-duhet-te-dini-rreth-kancerit-te-gjirit-dallimi-midis-kisteve-dhe-tumoreve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jehonashqiptare.al\/fjala\/gjithcka-qe-duhet-te-dini-rreth-kancerit-te-gjirit-dallimi-midis-kisteve-dhe-tumoreve\/","title":{"rendered":"Gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dini rreth Kancerit t\u00eb Gjirit. Dallimi midis Kisteve dhe Tumor\u00ebve"},"content":{"rendered":"

WeSpeakScience.com<\/strong><\/a>, 1 n\u00ebntor 2016<\/em><\/p>\n

Kush e di se sa femra bien n\u00eb panik kur shikojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gung\u00eb n\u00eb gji. Qindra pyetje t\u00eb vijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmend n\u00eb ato \u00e7aste, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo gung\u00eb? Pse ka dal\u00eb? Si \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar? Vall\u00eb, a \u00ebsht\u00eb e keqe?! Mos vall\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb\u2026.?! Jo. Pse mund t\u00eb shfaqet edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mosh\u00eb?! Mos, si do t\u2019ia b\u00ebj\u00eb tani? T\u2019iu tregoj\u00eb familjes time, njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb mi? Jo, pse ti alarmoj\u00eb. N\u00eb fillim duhet t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb se p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb. Po si t\u2019ja b\u00ebj\u00eb ku t\u00eb drejtohem? \u00c7far\u00eb analizash duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb? Pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebtyre pyetjeve do t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjemi ne n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebtij artikulli.<\/p>\n

Kanceri gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje e pakontrolluar e qelizave jonormale (q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar mutacione) t\u00eb indeve t\u00eb gjirit. K\u00ebto qeliza n\u00eb fillim grumbullohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend dhe formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tumor i cili shtyp, p\u00ebrhapet dhe shkat\u00ebrron indin normal t\u00eb gjirit. N\u00ebse nuk trajtohet, k\u00ebto qeliza t\u00eb jo normale mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb apo t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb indet normale q\u00eb ndodhen p\u00ebrreth. Ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen gjithashtu, edhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb trupit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sistemit t\u00eb qarkullimit t\u00eb gjakut ose n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sistemit limfatik.<\/p>\n

Kanceri i gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik i vazhduesh\u00ebm i femrave, ai z\u00eb vendin e par\u00eb n\u00eb shkaqet e vdekjeve tek femrat n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe vendin e dyt\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Sipas statistikave n\u00eb bot\u00eb prej kancerit t\u00eb gjirit preken rreth 2 milion femra. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri preken rreth 350-400 femra \u00e7do vit.<\/p>\n

\"\"Figura 1. Paraqet pacient me kancer gjiri<\/em><\/p>\n

Paniku i p\u00ebrhapur nga njerzit n\u00eb momentin q\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gung\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh saq\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb iu duket e keqe. Por duhet t\u00eb dim\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb gji mund t\u00eb krijohen shum\u00eb lloj formacionesh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb rrezikshm\u00ebri ose jo. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto formacione apo gunga q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen shpesh n\u00eb gji jan\u00eb kistet. At\u00ebher\u00eb, si ta dallojm\u00eb n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kjo gung\u00eb e shfaqur n\u00eb gji \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht\u00eb nj\u00eb kist apo tumor? Si mund ta diagnostikojm\u00eb? P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb le t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kist dhe nj\u00eb tumor dhe se si ndryshojn\u00eb ata nga nj\u00ebri tjetri.<\/p>\n

Kistet jan\u00eb lezione t\u00eb mbushura me fluid, aj\u00ebr apo material tjer\u00eb, shpesh duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb ata disi t\u00eb but\u00eb kur preken. Kistet mund t\u00eb formohen kudo n\u00eb trup, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kockat, organet dhe indet e buta. Kistet mund t\u00eb shkaktohen nga shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si: infeksionet, prodhimi i tep\u00ebrt nga gj\u00ebndrat dhjamore, s\u00ebmundjet kronike inflamatore, hormonet, pengesa n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e l\u00ebngjeve apo trupave t\u00eb huaj. M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti, gjenden n\u00eb femrat mes moshave 35-50 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Disa kiste jan\u00eb zbuluar gjat\u00eb vet\u00ebkontrollit fizik, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb diagnostikim me an\u00eb t\u00eb imazheve radiologjike. Kistet jan\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti beninj (dmth, jo kanceroz), por mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb tregues t\u00eb problemeve m\u00eb serioze n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera dhe mund t\u00eb paraqesin rrezik p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin n\u00ebse ata \u00e7ahen. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, shum\u00eb mjek\u00eb rekomandojn\u00eb heqjen e tyre. Edhe pse n\u00ebse nj\u00eb kist ka nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb kontrolluar dhe nuk p\u00ebrmban material t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm mjek\u00ebt rekomandojn\u00eb mos heqjen e tyre<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb ndryshim nga kistet, tumoret jan\u00eb masa qelizore jo normale q\u00eb mund t\u00eb rriten n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb trupit. Edhe pse qelizat tumorale zakonisht rriten m\u00eb shpejt se qelizat normale, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb tumoret jan\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme. Tumoret beninj (apo zakonisht si\u00e7 njihen nga njer\u00ebzit si tumoret \u201cmashkull\u201d) nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm. Rrezikshm\u00ebria e tyre rritet n\u00ebse ata nuk trajtohen, duke u kthyer n\u00eb tumore malinje. Tumoret malinje (kancerat apo si\u00e7 njihen zakonisht nga njer\u00ebzit tumoret \u201cfemra\u201d) mund t\u00eb paraqesin rrezikshm\u00ebri t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin, duke pushtuar indet p\u00ebrreth tyre. Kanceri i gjirit ka tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapet p\u00ebrmes en\u00ebve limfatike n\u00eb mushk\u00ebri, kocka, dhe vezore. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kanceri shfaqet n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb larg\u00ebt nga kanceri primar. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe arsyeja pse mjek\u00ebt rekomandojn\u00eb kryerjen e biopsis p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar natyr\u00ebn e tumorit.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb jemi t\u00eb familjarizuar me faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e probabilitetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar kancer gjiri. Duke ditur se p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb faktor\u00ebsh rrezikut b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb, jemi m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb kryejm\u00eb ekzaminimet n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e duhur, duke filluar q\u00eb nga vet\u00eb ekzaminimi i gjirit dhe m\u00eb pas kryerja e mamografis\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebto masa kontribuojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb uljen e vdekjeve nga kanceri i gjirit. M\u00eb posht\u00eb rendisim disa nga faktor\u00ebt predispozues q\u00eb rritin rrezikun p\u00ebr kancerin e gjiri:<\/p>\n

Faktori m\u00eb i madh predispozues \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i t\u00eb q\u00ebnit fem\u00ebr. Krahasuar me numrin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb kancerit te meshkujt.<\/p>\n

78% e kancerit invaziv t\u00eb gjirit zhvillohet n\u00eb femrat me mosh\u00eb mbi 50 vje\u00e7 nd\u00ebrsa 17% t\u00eb rasteve ndodhin n\u00eb femrat me mosh\u00eb 40 vje\u00e7.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

5-10% e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb gjen mutant t\u00eb njohur. Disa markera gjenetik\u00eb jan\u00eb gjetur gjat\u00eb viteve; prej tyre gjenet e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit BRCA1 dhe BRCA2 jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Gjenet BRCA1 dhe BRCA2 jan\u00eb gjene tumor supresor, dhe q\u00eb gjenden t\u00eb lokalizuar respektivisht BRCA1 n\u00eb kromozomin 17 dhe BRCA2 n\u00eb kromozomin 13. K\u00ebto gjene t\u00eb mutuar jan\u00eb n\u00ebnndar\u00eb duke \u00e7uar rrezikun n\u00eb popullat\u00eb t\u00eb prekjes nga kanceri i gjirit nga 5-10%. Personat q\u00eb trash\u00ebgojn\u00eb k\u00ebto gjene mutante kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik prej 80% p\u00ebr tu prekur nga kanceri i gjirit. Markera t\u00eb tjer\u00eb gjenetik\u00eb jan\u00eb gjeni ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutation), CHEK-2, dhe gjene tumor supresor p53; t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebta jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me rritjen e rrezikut t\u00eb kancerit.<\/p>\n

Histori familjare me t\u00eb af\u00ebrm t\u00eb prekur nga ndonj\u00eb lloj kanceri, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ata q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb me kancer gji. Rreth 20-30% e rasteve t\u00eb reja, kan\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrm me kancerin e gjirit. Rreziku i lidhur me t\u00eb paturit e nj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrm me kancerin e gjirit paraqitet si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Rritet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrm kan\u00eb pasur kancer gjiri ose kancer t\u00eb vezoreve, ose t\u00eb dy kancerat s\u00eb bashku.
\nRritet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kanceri i gjirit i t\u00eb af\u00ebrmve (gjyshja, n\u00ebna, halla, apo motra) ka ndodhur para mosh\u00ebs 50 vje\u00e7,
\nRritet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nj\u00eb i af\u00ebrm mashkull ka pasur kancer gji, apo t\u00eb af\u00ebrm me ndonj\u00eb prej dy kancerave.
\nRritet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ju keni nj\u00eb histori familjare me Sindrom\u00ebn Li-Fraumeni ose Cowden.<\/p>\n

Dyfishohet rreziku te nj\u00eb fem\u00ebr q\u00eb ka t\u00eb af\u00ebrm t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb me kanceri gji, p.sh. n\u00ebna, motra ose vajza.
\nPes\u00ebfishohet n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ka dy t\u00eb af\u00ebrm t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb (p.sh. n\u00ebna dhe nj\u00eb mot\u00ebr) me kancer gjiri.
\nHistori personal me kancer gji, p.sh. Zbulimi i kancerit t\u00eb gjirit vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb gji, rrit rrezikun p\u00ebr kancerin n\u00eb gjirin tjer\u00eb. Prandaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e k\u00ebshillueshme kontrolli i vazhduesh\u00ebm i gjirit tjet\u00ebr si\u00e7 p\u00ebrcaktohet nga mjeku. Zhvillim i nj\u00eb kancer gji t\u00eb ri po n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin gji, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi rreziku e lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prania e lezioneve proliferative jo tipike ose tipike gjat\u00eb biopsis\u00eb. Si Adenoma, Fibroadenoma, Hiperplazi duktale, Papilloma ose Hiperplazi duktale atipike (ADH), Hiperplazi lobulare atipike (ALH).<\/p>\n

Terapia me rrezatim n\u00eb kraharor apo gji, sidomos n\u00eb moshat e reja.
\nFillimi i ciklit menstrual para mosh\u00ebs 12 vje\u00e7, apo zgjatja e tij p\u00ebrtej mosh\u00ebs 55 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Lindja e f\u00ebmij\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb pas mosh\u00ebs 30 vje\u00e7, apo ato femra q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb lindur f\u00ebmij\u00eb kan\u00eb rrezik n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar kancer gjiri. Nd\u00ebrsa \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb ato femra q\u00eb lindin f\u00ebmij\u00eb para mosh\u00ebs 30 vje\u00e7; femra q\u00eb lindin f\u00ebmij\u00eb binjak apo m\u00eb shum\u00eb; femra q\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt me gji kan\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur kancer gjiri.<\/p>\n

Ekspozimi terapeutik ndaj diethylstilbestrol (DES), gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb apo gjat\u00eb ngjizjes \u00ebsht\u00eb faktor\u00eb predispozuar p\u00ebr tu zhvilluar kancer gji.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i kontraceptiv\u00ebve oral rrit rrezikun p\u00ebr kancer gjiri.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i terapin\u00eb s\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb hormoneve pas menopauz\u00ebs (postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy -HRT). Studimet e kryera s\u00eb fundmi nga OBSH-ja dhe studime t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb kryera n\u00eb Britanin\u00eb e Madhe kan\u00eb treguar se ky trajtim hormonal gjat\u00eb menopauz\u00ebs zvog\u00eblon efektivitetin e mamografis\u00eb. Duke patur parasysh r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e mamografis\u00eb si mjet diagnostikues q\u00eb identifikon lezione t\u00eb vogla dhe indikon mjekun p\u00ebr ti diagnostikuar k\u00ebto lezione me biopsi. Nj\u00eb rezultat i biopsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre lezioneve s\u00eb bashku me imazhin radiografike jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb definitive.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr PHT (postmenopausal hormone therapy) kontribuon n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb gjetjeve t\u00eb pseudo-formave gjat\u00eb mamografis\u00eb. Pra duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb jo t\u00eb duhur, dhe duke shtyr\u00eb trajtimin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme. Studimet gjithashtu tregojn\u00eb se femrat q\u00eb trajtohen me PHT kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb vdesin nga kanceri i gjirit, kur ato kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur PHT brenda 5 viteve t\u00eb zbulimit t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb gjirit. Rritja e rrezikut p\u00ebr kancer gjiri p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb PHT zhduket brenda 5 viteve nga moment i mos p\u00ebrdorit t\u00eb saj. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ERT ka treguar se nuk paraqet nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr kanceri gji.<\/p>\n

Konsumi i tep\u00ebrt i alkoolit.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mendohet se edhe obeziteti, sidomos pas menopauz\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor\u00eb riskus p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar kancer t\u00eb gjirit. Ovaret prodhojn\u00eb sasin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb estrogjenit, por edhe indi dhjamor prodhon nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb estrogjenit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb balanci i nivelit t\u00eb estrogjenit, me rritjen e pesh\u00ebs trupore pas menopauz\u00ebs, rritet dhe kjo gj\u00ebndje \u00e7on n\u00eb rritjen e rrezikut p\u00ebr kancer t\u00eb gjirit.<\/p>\n

Jeta jo aktive ndikon n\u00eb rritjen e rrezikut p\u00ebr kancer gjiri. Studimet kan\u00eb treguar se fem\u00ebr q\u00eb kryen nj\u00eb jet\u00eb aktive, qoft\u00eb edhe me ecje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb apo vrap, jan\u00eb me pak t\u00eb rrezikuara nga kanceri i gjirit.<\/p>\n

Njohja me llojet e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e trajtimit. Kanceri i gjirit ndahet n\u00eb dy grupe karcinoma duktale dhe karcinoma lobulare. Karcinoma duktale \u2013 Kanceri i gjirit i cili q\u00eb fillon n\u00eb duktet (kanalet) e qum\u00ebshtit t\u00eb gjirit. Shtat\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do 10 gra me kancer t\u00eb gjirit kan\u00eb karcinom duktale. K\u00ebto karcinoma duktale mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb jo invaziv (kanceri nuk p\u00ebrhapet jasht\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kanaleve) ose invaziv (i cili ka filluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit, ka d\u00ebmtuar muret e kanalit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb indet p\u00ebrreth. Ai mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapet n\u00eb nyjet limfatike ose jo, ose n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb trupit.)<\/p>\n

Karcinoma Lobulare \u2013 Kanceri i gjirit i cili fillon n\u00eb gjendr\u00ebn e gjirit. Nj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do 10 gra me kancer t\u00eb gjirit kan\u00eb karcinom lobulare. K\u00ebto karcinoma lobulare mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb jo invaziv (kanceri nuk p\u00ebrhapet jasht\u00eb gj\u00ebndrave) ose invaziv (kanceri q\u00eb ka filluar dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur nga nj\u00eb gj\u00ebnd\u00ebr e gjirit n\u00eb indet p\u00ebrreth. Ai mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapet n\u00eb nyjet limfatike ose jo, ose n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb trupit.)<\/p>\n

\"\"Figura 2<\/strong> Paraqet nj\u00eb karcinom duktale<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\" Figura 3<\/strong> Paraqet nj\u00eb karcinom lobulare<\/em><\/p>\n

Stadet q\u00eb kalon kanceri gjirit jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

\"\"STADI 0<\/strong> \u2013 Kanceri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur p\u00ebrtej kanalit apo duktusit t\u00eb gjirit.<\/p>\n

Kemi Karcinom\u00ebn tubulare\/ duktale in situ (DCIS) ose jo t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur.<\/p>\n

\"\"STADI I<\/strong> \u2013 Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb 2 cm ose m\u00eb pak por nuk gjendet n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs apo jasht\u00eb gjirit.<\/p>\n

STADI IIA \u2013 Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb 2 cm ose pak m\u00eb pak dhe jan\u00eb prekur 1 deri 3 nga nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs dhe \/ ose n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit, OSE kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb mes 2 dhe 5 cm dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb nyjet limfatike.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSTADI IIB \u2013 Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb midis 2 dhe 5 cm dhe jan\u00eb prekur 1 deri 3 nga nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs dhe \/ ose nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit ,OSE tumori \u00ebsht\u00eb 5 cm apo pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb nyjet limfatike.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSTADI IIIA \u2013 Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb 5 cm ose pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe preken n\u00eb 4 deri 9 nyje limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs apo n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit, apo kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb 5 cm ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb 1 deri 9 nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs apo n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit.<\/p>\n

6STADI IIIB \u2013 Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur, ka prekur murin e gjoksit apo dhe l\u00ebkur\u00ebn. Gjenden ose jo n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs ose n\u00eb nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit.7
\nSTADI IIIC \u2013 Kanceri mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i \u00e7do madh\u00ebsie dhe gjenden t\u00eb prekura 10 apo m\u00eb shum\u00eb nyje limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs, apo preken si nyjet limfatike t\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs edhe nyjet limfatike t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjendrave t\u00eb qum\u00ebshtit, ose kanceri ka prekur edhe nyjet limfatike n\u00ebn klavikul\u00ebn ose mbi klavikul\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSTADI IV \u2013 Kanceri mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i \u00e7do madh\u00ebsie dhe gjendet p\u00ebrtej zon\u00ebs s\u00eb gjirit n\u00eb shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb trupit, t\u00eb tilla si kockat, mushkrit\u00eb ose truri.<\/p>\n

Si mund t\u00eb diagnostikojm\u00eb shpejt\u00eb kancerin e gjirit?<\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar kancerin e gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb diagnostikimi i hersh\u00ebm i tij. Diagnostikimi mund t\u00eb realizohet me disa si m\u00ebnyra:<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebkontrolli i gjirit
\nKontrolli klinik i gjirit tek mjeku
\nMamografia
\nBiopsia
\nUltratingujt
\nRezonanca magnetike (MRI)
\nTomografia kompjuterike (CT)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vet\u00ebkontrolli i gjirit (Breast self examination) \u2013 Nj\u00eb kontroll i thjesht\u00eb por me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e jet\u00ebs tuaj. Vet\u00ebkontrolli i gjirit zgjat vet\u00ebm 10<\/p>\n

I. minuta, mund ta b\u00ebni vet\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi duke shikuar me v\u00ebmendje gjinjt\u00eb tuaj dhe duke v\u00ebrejtur shenj\u00eb klinike. Cilat jan\u00eb hapat q\u00eb duhet ndjekur p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur shenjat klinike? Jan\u00eb 5 hapa shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb si:<\/p>\n

Hapi 1: Pozicionohuni para pasqyr\u00ebs me shpatullat drejt dhe duart t\u00eb vendosuara n\u00eb ijet tuaja. Shikoni me v\u00ebmendje gjinjt\u00eb tuaj dhe v\u00ebreni p\u00ebr k\u00ebto shenja klinke:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Madh\u00ebsia e tyre, forma dhe ngjyra
\n\u00b7 Zmadhim apo forcim t\u00eb gjirit, q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb normale p\u00ebr ju.
\n\u00b7 N\u00ebse gjinjt\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb barabart\u00eb pa shtremb\u00ebrim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm ose \u00ebnjtje.
\n\u00b7 N\u00ebse gjendet ndonj\u00eb grop\u00ebz, rrudh\u00eb apo fryrje n\u00eb gjirin tuaj.
\n\u00b7 Shikoni n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb thith\u00eb ka ndryshuar pozicioni ose n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysur (t\u00ebrhequr brenda n\u00eb vend t\u00eb ngritjes lart\u00eb).
\n\u00b7 Skuqje, hidh\u00ebrim, mahisje ose \u00ebnjtje.
\n\u00b7 N\u00ebse ka ndonj\u00eb rrjedhje l\u00ebngu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb nga nj\u00eb ose nga t\u00eb dyja thithat (ky mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb uj\u00eb, qum\u00ebsht ose l\u00ebng i verdh\u00eb apo gjak).<\/p>\n

\"\"Figura 4 Tregon si kontrollohet gjoksi p\u00ebr gunga<\/em><\/p>\n

Hapi 2: Tani ngrini duart lart\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkoni p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat shenja.<\/p>\n

Hapi 3: Nd\u00ebrsa jeni duke par\u00eb n\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb me duart lart\u00eb, ktheni trupin tuaj majtas apo djathtas, dhe shikoni p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Hapi 4: Tjet\u00ebr, shtrihuni dhe prekni gjinjt\u00eb tuaj, duke p\u00ebrdorur dor\u00ebn e djatht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prekur gjirin e majt\u00eb dhe pastaj dor\u00ebn tuaj t\u00eb majt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prekur gjirin e djatht\u00eb. P\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb prekje t\u00eb but\u00eb duke shkelur leht\u00eb gjirin me gishtat e dor\u00ebs tuaj. Gishtat duke t\u00eb mbahen shesht\u00eb dhe s\u00eb bashku. P\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje rrethore, n\u00eb lidhje me madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00eb \u00e7ereku. Ekzaminoni gjith\u00eb gjirin nga lart posht\u00eb, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn. Duke p\u00ebrdorur shtypje t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr indet n\u00ebn l\u00ebkur\u00eb; shtypje mesatare p\u00ebr indet n\u00eb mesin e gjirit dhe nj\u00eb shtypje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe indet q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi t\u00eb gjirit.<\/p>\n

Hapi 5: S\u00eb fundi, prekni gjirin tuaj nd\u00ebrsa jeni n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb ose ulur. Shum\u00eb gra iu duket m\u00eb e leht\u00eb kur l\u00ebkura e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i lag\u00ebsht dhe rr\u00ebshqitsh\u00ebm, pra e b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap n\u00eb dush. Kontrolloni t\u00eb gjith\u00eb gjirin tuaj, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb dor\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb hapin 4.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshilla<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Ju duhet t\u00eb shkoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb tek mjeku n\u00ebse vini re nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto shenja jo normale. Pasi vet\u00ebm mjeku mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb dallimin e sakt\u00eb.
\n\u00b7 Gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb dini q\u00eb shum\u00eb femra zakonisht, para ciklit menstrual kan\u00eb gji t\u00eb fort\u00eb, t\u00eb tendosur dhe t\u00eb dhimbsh\u00ebm, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mos u alarmoni.
\n\u00b7 Rekomandohet q\u00eb vet\u00ebkontrolli i gjirit t\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u00e7do muaj.
\n\u00b7 Femrat riprodhuese duhet ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontroll 3-4 dit\u00eb mbas mbarimit t\u00eb ciklit menstrual, kurse femrat shtatzan\u00eb dhe ato n\u00eb menopauz\u00eb \u00e7do muaj n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Kontrolli klinik i gjirit nga mjeku<\/strong>
\nKontrolli klinik i gjirit b\u00ebhet nga mjeku specialist, \u00e7do vit p\u00ebr femrat mbi 40 vje\u00e7, dhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb 3 vjet p\u00ebr femrat midis mosh\u00ebs 20-40 vje\u00e7. Kurse p\u00ebr femrat me risk t\u00eb lart\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb kancer gjiri duhet q\u00eb ky kontroll t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb. Kontrolli klinik i gjinjve nga mjeku p\u00ebrfshin anamnez\u00ebn, ekzaminimin dhe palpacionin. Arsyet p\u00ebr kontrollin klinik nga mjeku mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb: dhimbja n\u00eb gjinj, sekrecioni prej gjirit, prania e nj\u00eb nodusi n\u00eb gjinj, inflamacioni, rritja e gj\u00ebndrave limfatike n\u00eb aksill\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mamografia<\/strong>
\nMamografia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb diagnostikuese radiologjike e cila p\u00ebrdor rrezet X mbi indet e gjirit. Kanceri i gjirit mund t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb madje edhe nga nj\u00eb mamografi tek tjetra. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mamografia duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet rregullisht nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do 1-2 vjet sidomos p\u00ebr moshat mbi 40 vje\u00e7. Por \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb mira sjell mamografia ? Mamografia sjell disa t\u00eb mirat si:<\/p>\n

a) Mamografia e zbulohen kancerin e gjirit q\u00eb n\u00eb fazat e hershme, at\u00ebher\u00eb kur ndryshimet nuk mund t\u00eb shihen me sy apo t\u00eb preken me dor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

b) Mamografia mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr ekzaminimin e gjirit n\u00ebn veprimin e rrezeve X te femrat q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb shenja klinike, e quajtur dhe mamografia \u201cscreening\u201d por gjithashtu p\u00ebrdoret edhe te femrat q\u00eb paraqesin shenja klinike dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast quhet mamografia diagnostikuese.<\/p>\n

c) Mamografia mund ta dalloj\u00eb kancerin e gjirit rreth 2 vjet para shfaqjes s\u00eb shenjave klinike, duke shtuar shanset p\u00ebr tu trajtuar me sukses dhe mposhtur s\u00ebmundjen.<\/p>\n

d) Gati gjysma e kancerave t\u00eb gjirit q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb zbulohen nga mamografia jan\u00eb akoma t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl dhe mund t\u00eb hiqen leht\u00eb, pa hequr gjith\u00eb gjirin dhe pa l\u00ebn\u00eb shenj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

e) \u00cbsht\u00eb raportuar se mamografia ka nj\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebri (sensitivitet) prej 60-90% dhe specificitet nga 10-40% p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb saj t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb inde e dendura. Kur mamografia identifikon nj\u00eb plag\u00eb kanceroze shpesh n\u00ebnvler\u00ebson shkall\u00ebn e s\u00ebmundjes. Duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb gjitha zbulimet e njohura dhe trajtimet n\u00eb dispozicion mbijetesa mesatare afatgjat\u00eb me zbulimin e hersh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 84%; mbijetesa afatgjat\u00eb p\u00ebr tumor lokal \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 97%, dhe p\u00ebr tumor\u00ebt e larg\u00ebt (metastazat)-27%.<\/p>\n

\"\"Figura 5. Pamje nga mamografia<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ebshilla<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Mamografia \u00ebsht\u00eb metod\u00eb diagnostikuese q\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme jo vet\u00ebm her\u00eb.
\n\u00b7 P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb shkoni t\u00eb kryeni mamografin\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb jeni lyer me antidjers\u00eb, deodorant apo pud\u00ebr sepse ndikon n\u00eb rezultatet e saj.
\n\u00b7 Shkoni disa dit\u00eb pas kalimit t\u00eb ciklit menstrual.
\n\u00b7 Tregojini mjekut tuaj n\u00ebse trajtoheni me PHT.<\/p>\n

Biopsia<\/strong>
\nBiopsia <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb procedure e cila lejon diferencimin e nj\u00eb tumori malinj nga ai benjin. Kur konstatohen rezultate t\u00eb dyshimta n\u00eb gji, p\u00ebr t\u00eb diagnostikuar \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme kryerja e biopsis\u00eb me gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb ose kryerja e \u00e7arjes s\u00eb asaj zone me kirurgji. Biopsia mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb disa lloje :<\/p>\n

biopsi aspirimi me gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb holl\u00eb (FNAB) \u2013 P\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr pastrimin e gjirit nga cistet dhe p\u00ebr biopsin\u00eb e nyjet limfatike axilare. Po ashtu me k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, biopsia mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebr gunga me p\u00ebrmasa shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla apo gunga t\u00eb lokalizuara thell\u00eb n\u00eb gji.
\nBiopsia e Tru-cut (biopsi me gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb prer\u00ebse)<\/p>\n

Biopsia vakum \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr metodat m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuara t\u00eb biopsis\u00eb me gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb. Kjo metod\u00eb zakonisht p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr diagnoz\u00ebn e masave t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb shihen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mamografi dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimta nga pik\u00ebpamja e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit.<\/p>\n

\"\"Figura 6. Procedura e biopsise (lart) dhe ultratingujt (posht\u00eb)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ultratingujt<\/strong>
\nQ\u00ebllimi i metodave t\u00eb ndryshme diagnostikuese \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb zbulimin e hersh\u00ebm dhe me ndjeshm\u00ebrit\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb gjirit, pra duke ndikuar k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb nj\u00eb mbijetes\u00eb m\u00eb afatgjate. Metoda me ultratinguj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb diagnostike, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin n\u00ebse nj\u00eb mas\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kist apo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tumor solid. Metoda me ultratinguj, gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb pranin\u00eb ose munges\u00ebn e mikrokalcifikimeve. Parimi i pun\u00ebs konsiston n\u00eb aplikimin e sondave me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb nga 7-15 MHz.<\/p>\n

Pra, nuk p\u00ebrdor rrezatim jonizues dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye mund p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh kontrollesh, sesa me metod\u00ebn e mamografis\u00eb ku numri i kontrolleve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i kufizuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndikimit t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrezeve X n\u00eb indet e gjirit. Shpesh, gjetja e nj\u00eb kisti me mamografi, ndiqet m\u00eb pas nga konfirmimi i tij me ultratinguj. Kistet mund t\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb ciklit menstrual dhe m\u00eb shpesh n\u00eb fund t\u00eb ciklit. N\u00eb rreth 7-16% t\u00eb grave n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7 kan\u00eb kiste t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur fibroadenoma. Gjat\u00eb ultratingujve kistet duken me margo te qart\u00eb, anechogjen, forma vezake ose rrumbullake, perforcim akustik posterior, diametri transversal m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb mirat e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb metod\u00ebs s\u00eb ultratingujve? T\u00eb mirat e ultratingujve jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Ultratingujt p\u00ebrdoren si nj\u00eb metod\u00eb themelore diagnostike tek mosha e re n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebs 30 vje\u00e7 p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb fibroadenom\u00eb ose abscess (kjo eliminon ekspozimin e rrezatimit t\u00eb gjirit n\u00eb grat\u00eb e reja me probabilitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr malinjitete).
\nDiferencon m\u00eb qarte kistet nga masat solide.
\nP\u00ebrdoret kur parenkima gj\u00ebnd\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb e dendur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdoret tek femrat q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb lindur; tek femrat shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb; tek femrat n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e laktacionit, si dhe tek femrat q\u00eb marrin terapi hormonale gjat\u00eb menopauz\u00ebs (PHT).
\nP\u00ebr masat e gjirit n\u00eb meshkuj.
\nP\u00ebr vler\u00ebsimin e protez\u00ebz s\u00eb silikonit sepse dhe vet\u00ebm pak ind mumd t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb mamografi
\nP\u00ebrdoren nga femra me mosh\u00eb re t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb riskuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur kancer t\u00eb gjiri.
\nPo kufizimet e k\u00ebsaj metode ku konsistojn\u00eb? Kufizimet e k\u00ebsaj metode konsistojn\u00eb n\u00eb:<\/p>\n

Ultratingujt nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb diferencimin e tumoreve beninje me ato malinje;
\nnuk mund t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb masat n\u00ebn 1 cm
\nnuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr depistim masiv, por i kombinuar me mamografin\u00eb vlen p\u00ebr depistim selektiv. Pra cka do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00ebse n\u00eb femrat n\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb shfaqin nj\u00eb gung\u00eb n\u00eb gji mjafton vet\u00ebm diagnostikimi me ultratinguj n\u00eb rastin e grave mbi 30 vje\u00e7 mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb e mjaftueshme vet\u00ebm ultratingujt. Prania e nj\u00eb gunge t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb gji n\u00eb femrat mbi mosh\u00ebn 30 vje\u00e7, duhet t\u00eb ekzaminohet me mamografi dhe me ultratinguj. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak se diferenca diagnostike n\u00eb grupmosh\u00ebn mbi 30 vje\u00e7 p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: absces, fibroadenoma, kiste, lipoma, hematoma, tumore.<\/p>\n

II. Rezonanca magnetike (MRI)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rezonanca magnetike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb opsion studimi shtes\u00eb n\u00eb imazherin\u00eb e gjirit. Rezonanca magnetike rekomandohet si metod\u00eb \u201cscreening\u201d te femrat me predispozita gjenetike. Rezonanca magnetike p\u00ebrdor val\u00ebt radiofrekuenc\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis fushe magnetike t\u00eb fort\u00eb. Ajo jep merren rezultate shum\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme pa p\u00ebrfshirje t\u00eb rrezatimit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb imazherin\u00eb e indeve t\u00eb Rezonanca magnetike luan rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rastet kur femrat i jan\u00eb n\u00ebnshtruar operacioneve kirurgjike estetike \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb shum\u00eb e sakt\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e p\u00ebrgjigjes s\u00eb tumorit n\u00eb kimioterapin\u00eb, si dhe n\u00eb diferencimin mes tumorit t\u00eb mbetur dhe fibroz\u00ebs. Nuk ka studime q\u00eb v\u00ebrtetojn\u00eb efikasitetin e rezonanc\u00ebs magnetike si \u201cmetod\u00eb screening\u201d n\u00eb popullat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme. buta.<\/p>\n

Tumorografia kompjuterike (CT)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tumorografia kompjuterike \u00ebsht\u00eb metod\u00eb diagnostike, e cila nuk p\u00ebrdoret rregullisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar ndryshimet patologjike t\u00eb gjirit. Her\u00eb pas here nj\u00eb ekzaminim me CT \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb biopsi t\u00eb murit t\u00eb p\u00ebrparm\u00eb t\u00eb kraharorit, ose t\u00eb indeve t\u00eb thella n\u00eb shpatull\u00eb.Tumorografia kompjuterike \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur rregullisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar nyjet limfatike, mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb, m\u00ebl\u00e7in\u00eb, trurin, shpin\u00eb, apo zona t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjet tumorale (metastazat). Tumorografia kompjuterike mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoj\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e s\u00ebmundjes para trajtimit kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme metastaza. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb kraharor apo bark tumorografia kompjuterike identifikon kancerin e gjirit primar.<\/p>\n

Analizat laboratorike p\u00eb zbulimin e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ve\u00e7 diagnostikimit t\u00eb gjirit me metoda radiologjike p\u00ebrdoren edhe analiza laboratorike si markerat tumoral Ca 15-3, CEA dhe analiza t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme si SE, hemogrami, AST, ALT, GGT, bilirubina, fosfataza alkalike. Kurse kur dyshohet p\u00ebr tumor malinj, duhet t\u00eb kryhen analiza si eko e mushk\u00ebrive, ultrasound i abdomenit dhe shintigrafia e kockave.<\/p>\n

Patologji t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb gjirit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fibroadenoma<\/strong> \u2013 Termi “fibro” n\u00ebnkupton ind fibroz dhe “adenoma” do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ind gj\u00ebndror. Duke qen\u00eb ind fibroz, ato nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb dhimbshme dhe zbulohen zakonisht n\u00eb ekzaminimet e gjirit. Fibroadenomat karakterizohet nga k\u00ebto karakteristika fizike si: jan\u00eb t\u00eb rrumbullakta, t\u00eb ngurta, t\u00eb shkrifta, dhe t\u00eb luajtshme. Ato jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme n\u00eb popullatat afrikano-amerikane; grat\u00eb n\u00eb adoleshenc\u00eb e tyre dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebzetat e hershme; dhe t\u00eb zakonshme gjat\u00eb shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb dhe laktacionit. Ato jan\u00eb masa t\u00eb mira dhe nuk \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb tumore malinje.<\/p>\n

Nekroza yndyrore \u2013 Nj\u00eb gung\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb me dhimbje e shkaktuara nga nekroza e indi yndyror. Besohet se kjo patologji \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb d\u00ebmtimi n\u00eb gji q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb delikat dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb tregues i traum\u00ebs s\u00eb kaluar \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb mavijosje n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e gung\u00ebs. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb benjinje.<\/p>\n

Mastiti<\/strong> \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb infeksion akut i gjirit, i shkaktuar zakonisht tek grat\u00eb q\u00eb ushqejn\u00eb me gji. Etiologjia e gjendjes \u00ebsht\u00eb bllokimi i nj\u00eb kanal gjat\u00eb laktacionit; kjo shkakton grumbullimin e qum\u00ebshtit dhe inflamacion lokal t\u00eb gjirit. Progresi i infeksionit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb baktereve t\u00eb cilat \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim e nj\u00eb abscesi. Gjiri duket i skuqur, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i ngroht\u00eb, i ndjesh\u00ebm dhe me kokrra (gunga).<\/p>\n

Galaktocele<\/strong> \u2013 Kjo form\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj kisti q\u00eb ndodh gjat\u00eb laktacionit. Galactocele mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb si nj\u00eb lesion i vet\u00ebm ose shum\u00eb kist (multiciste). Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb galaktocele mund t\u00eb konvertohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb formacion abscesi apo mastit\u00eb akute.<\/p>\n

Ndryshimet fibrokistike<\/strong> \u2013 Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb term i komplikuar q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aplikuar n\u00eb antologji t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb gjirit nga beninj me ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb rritje t\u00eb rrezikut p\u00ebr karcinom\u00eb. Nj\u00eb faktor i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr shum\u00eb paraqitje morfologjike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj s\u00ebmundjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb se gungat shpesh jan\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb gji. Termi \u00ebsht\u00eb aplikuar p\u00ebr lezione q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb kisten, apo rritje e jasht\u00ebzakonshme e strom\u00ebs fibroze ose lezione q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponent\u00eb stromal dhe epitelial, e k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Klasifikimi i ndryshimeve Fibrokistike zakonisht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb klinikisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Tumori filloid<\/strong> \u2013 Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj fibroadenoma q\u00eb rritet n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb 15-20 cm). Tumori filloid mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i mir\u00eb (beninj) ose i keq (malinj). K\u00ebto tumore shtremb\u00ebrojn\u00eb gjirin duke prodhuar fryrje n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb dhe mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ulcer. K\u00ebto tumore filloid jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rral\u00eb se fibroadenomat dhe mendohet q\u00eb rrjedhin nga stroma periduktale dhe jo nga fibroadenomat para ekzistuese. Rritja e shpejt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb malinj; por megjithat\u00eb atipia citologjike p\u00ebrcakton n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb malinj apo beninj.<\/p>\n

Papiloma intraduktale<\/strong> \u2013 Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje papilare neoplazike q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal. Ato mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb si lezione t\u00eb vetme dhe gj\u00ebnden br\u00ebnda sinuseve apo kanaleve laktiferoze kryesore. Pacienti paraqet shenja klinike si sekrecione seroz, rrjedhje me gjak nga thitha, pranis\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb tumori t\u00eb vog\u00ebl subareolar, apo retraksionit t\u00eb thith\u00ebs (nj\u00eb gjendje e rrall\u00eb). N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve ekzistenca e nj\u00eb Papillome intraduktale e kanaleve b\u00ebn q\u00eb kjo form\u00eb beninje t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjet. Kur ndodhin shum\u00eb papiloma (multiple) tregon se ka nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb karcinom\u00ebs papilare.<\/p>\n

Lajmi m\u00eb i mire, n\u00eb lidhje me kancerin e gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb se numri i vdekjeve q\u00eb lidhen me kancerin e gjirit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb diagnostikimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb gjirit ,ku nj\u00eb nj\u00eb rol shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm z\u00eb mamografia \u201cscreening\u201d, e cila b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur zbulimin e hersh\u00ebm dhe drejton n\u00eb trajtimin e kancerit t\u00eb gjirit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e duhur. Sot, nj\u00eb grua q\u00eb ndjek udh\u00ebzimet e screening-ut; kryen vet\u00eb-kontrollin e gjirit; dhe kryen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt ekzaminimet klinike t\u00eb tij mund t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb kancerin e gjirit q\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb tij duke rritur deri n\u00eb 100% mund\u00ebsit e trajtimit me sukses.<\/p>\n

Copyright<\/em>: Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb e We Speak Science, institutit jo fitimprur\u00ebs themeluar nga dy shkenc\u00ebtaret shqip\u00ebtare Dr. Detina Zalli (Harvard University) dhe Dr. Argita Zalli (Imperial College London).<\/p>\n

Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nga Detina Zalli<\/strong> dhe Gjena Dura<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Referencat:<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sheknows.com\/health-and-wellness\/articles\/1102671\/how-to-tell-the-difference-between-cysts-lumps-and-tumors<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.everydayhealth.com\/womens-health\/when-to-worry-about-breast-lumps.aspx<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.ceessentials.net\/article40.html<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/trialexhibitsinc.com\/gallery\/exhibit\/335\/breast-diagnosis-cyst-vs-mult-cyst-vs-tumor<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/newsbeat.co.ke\/self-breast-exam-do-self-breast-exam-guidelines-video\/<\/a>
\nBreast cancer Organization, The Five Steps of a Breast Self-Exam, February 18, 2016, http:\/\/www.breastcancer.org\/symptoms\/testing\/types\/self_exam\/bse_steps<\/a>
\nJane C. Figueiredo, Leslie Bernstein, Marinela Capanu, Kathleen E. Malone, Charles F. Lynch, Hoda Anton-Culver, Marilyn Stovall, Lisbeth Bertelsen, Robert W. Haile, and Jonine L. Bernstein (2007): Oral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal Hormones, and Risk of Asynchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: The Wecare Study Group, J. Clin. Oncol. 10.1200\/JCO.14.3081.
\nInstituti i Sh\u00ebndetit publik, T\u00eb jetosh me kancer gjiri.
\nhttp:\/\/www.webmd.com\/breast-cancer\/news\/20161013\/breast-cancer-deaths-continue-to-decline-in-us<\/a>
\nBreast Cancer Screening and Detection http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/breast-cancer\/breast-cancer-screening-detection-overview<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.scielo.br\/img\/revistas\/rb\/v46n4\/\/0100-3984-rb-46-04-234-gf02.jpg<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/ashevillegynecologywellness.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/MammoGram-Seriesshow.jpg<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/breast\/hp\/breast-treatment-pdq<\/a>
\nNational Cancer Institute https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/images\/cdr\/live\/CDR732258.jpg<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/images\/cdr\/live\/CDR732257-571.jpg<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/curemagazine.s3.amazonaws.com\/npi\/Media\/CDR0000732260.jpg<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/curemagazine.s3.amazonaws.com\/npi\/Media\/CDR0000732258.jpg<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/thumbs.dreamstime.com\/z\/breast-self-exam-vector-illustration-examination-71927128.jpg<\/a> 3d rendered illustration of a transparent female brest with tumor<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

WeSpeakScience.com, 1 n\u00ebntor 2016 Kush e di se sa femra bien n\u00eb panik kur shikojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gung\u00eb n\u00eb gji. Qindra pyetje t\u00eb vijn\u00eb nd\u00ebrmend n\u00eb ato \u00e7aste, \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo gung\u00eb? Pse ka dal\u00eb? Si \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar? Vall\u00eb, a \u00ebsht\u00eb e keqe?! Mos vall\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb\u2026.?! Jo. Pse mund t\u00eb shfaqet edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mosh\u00eb?! Mos, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-artikuj","category-shkence"],"yoast_head":"\nGjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dini rreth Kancerit t\u00eb Gjirit. 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